March 2018 The SAT Question- and-Answer Service Use this with your QAS Student Guide and personalized QAS Report. What's inside: ~ Test questions ~The Essay prompt administered on your test day OCollegeBoard NOT FOR REPRODUCTION OR RESALE.Quostion-and-Answer Service ABOUT THE COLLEGE BOARD ‘The College Board ie @ mission-driven not-forproft organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Hoard was oreated to expand access to higher education, ‘Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 of the ‘world's leading eduoational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, he Golloge Board helps ‘more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in collage readiness and college succeas—including the SAT* and the Advanced Placement Program. ‘The organization also serves the education community through research ‘and advocacy on behalf of students, educators, and schools. For further information, visit collegeboard.org. SAT CUSTOMER SERVICE You can reach us from @ a.m. to 9 pm. ET (9.@m. to? pm. after the June test through August 19) Phone: 866-756-7346 International: +1-212-713-7789 Ema: sat@info.collegeboard.org Mail: College Board SAT Program, P.O. Box 025605, Miami, FL 93102 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 Reading Test 18 Writing and Language Test 34 Math Test - No Calculator 42. Math Test - Calculator 87 Essay Prompt (©2018 THe Coueze Board, Collage Bons, Advanced Placement Program, SAT and the aoe logo are rogisere trademarts ofthe Collage Bow ‘Vise Caine Boar onthe wes ellogaboaréons ‘March OAS 3/10/18‘Question-and-Answer Service ‘on taking the SAT®! This booklot contains the SAT nol in March 2018, as woll as the Essay prompt you responded ‘took the SAT with Essay. This booklet contains every question scored, ‘March QAS 2/10/18Question-and-Answer Service cI ‘The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and. ‘comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and logicalanalysis, and use language precisely Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer booklet; except forthe Planning Page of the answer booklet, you will eceive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting toa reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will ead what you write, Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Cee eae re booker. OP REN ‘on the lined pages of your answer booklet will be evaluated, 2. Anoff-topic essay will not be evaluated. ‘You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay in response to the prompt provided inside this booklet. March OAS 3/10/18 Unautorine copying or ese fry pt of his pages 57‘Question-and-Answer Service March OAS 9/10/18 ‘As you read the passage below, consider how Kathryn Miles uses + evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims. to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence. + stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to1add power to the ideas expressed. Adapted from Kathryn Miles, “Our Failing Weather Infrastructure.” ©2014 by ‘The New York Times Company. Originally published October 30, 2014. Last week the National Weather Service's satellite network crashed, leaving forecasters without crucial data as a large nor'easter swirled across the East Coast, Human Performance of Easy and Difficult ‘Tasks in Different Audience Scenarios messy tak , dificult task 2 3s $90) & 535) geet ei £3 1s! ell £5] i alone inattentive attentive ausience sadience Performance condition ‘Adopted fom Hazel Markus “The Efectof Mere Pesence.on Socal Faiitation: An Unobirusve Test" ©1978 by Academic Pres, Ine Partcipants were observed performing an easy task such as putting on their shoes) and a dificult task such a putting ‘ona backtying lab coat). ‘The main purpose of the passage isto 6 assert that the majority of people learn more effectively in a group than they do alone. mtradictory results of two studies ing that have each been considered 10w various experiments helped establish refine the understanding of an audience's ct on performance D) chronicle the historical development of competing theories of social interaction. March OAS 3/10/18 Unahored copyng ore of any pt he ape i esl ©) Effortless; humble D) Innocent; uncomplicated a z Based on the passage, the design of Triplets Aishing-reel experiment most likely ruled out which potential objection to his findings? A) Improvements in the subjects’ performance ater being asked to perform the task in front of an audience may reflect the bjects’ increasing viet Dies ere ot psa ‘with an audience And their performance without an audience maf be influenced by the subjects prior experienfe with the task. Variations ig/performance among the subjects audience condition may be ‘variations in the subjects’ ages and physical development. D) Changes in the subjects’ performance after being putin front of an audience may result from some subjects observing, and imitating the performance cof more highly skilled subjects. a ‘Which choice provides the answer to the previous qu A) Lines 19-22 ("Triplft... study") B) Lines 23-24 ("Trifle 1897") AS) Lines 27-29 Nhe task... experiment”) D) Lines 29-32 ("They .. others”)‘As presented in the passage, Triplett would most likely agree that human beings are capable of ultimately mastering almost any task with which they are presented. exhibit a general tendengf{o avoid attempting exploit. ‘Which choice provides the best evidence forthe answer tothe previous question? =) Lines 9-10 ("In dozens... bj )) Lines 32-35 (“He conclug&d ... alone”) ©) Lines 36-39 (“Scienge“-. century") D) Lines 39-42 (“Wate .. inhibition”) Based on the passage, which choice best describes ‘what happened when the cockroaches in Zajonc’s experiment attempted to complete the complex maze in front of “The cockroaches became lesyfesitant in making ‘choices than they had beei slowly than they had: ‘The cockroaches i Seana: digbay ation eldeace instead of the complex maze. sutras copying ores of ry ptf hs pages ‘The author uses the terms “athletic cockroaches,” “roach spectators,” and “cockroach athletes" in the last paragraph of the passage mst likely to ‘A) callattention to the si experiments described B) stress the skeptcis the design of the ©) me that offsets the seriousness of 1) idea that the observed cockroach behavior is comparable to that of humans. ‘According to the graph, how long did it take participants, on average, to perférm an easy task ‘when they were alone? ee '8) More than 10 secondfuit less than 15 seconds PS) More than 15 secogfs but less than 20 seconds (©) More than 20 segfads but less than 25 seconds ) More than 25 seconds but les than 30 seconds presented in the graph but NOT. passage? B) Difficult tasks ©) Tasks perfgrmes ‘March OAS 3/10/18 E>[1 Questions 21-31 are based on the following passages. | Passage is adapted fom Christine DelfAmore, WhyDo Zebras Have Stripes? New Study Offers Strong Evidence.” £2014 by National Geographic Society. Passage 21s adapted from Laura Poppick, "Why Do Zebras Have Stripes? Is Not for Camoufiage” ©2015 by Purch. Passage 1 “The question of why zebras have stripes has puzzled scientists—including Darwin—for over a century, leading to five main hypotheses: that the Line stripes repel insects, provide camouflage, confuse i '5 predators, reduce body temperature, or help the animals interact socially. For the first time, scientists played all of these theories against each other ina statistical model— and the esult was pretty much, well, black and white. 10 “We found again and again and again [that] the only factor which is highly associated with striping is tobanbi said study leader Tim Caro, joTogist at the University of California, Davis. For the study, Caro and colleagues collected data 15 froma vast range of sources, including museum collections and historical maps. First, the team looked at variations in striping patterns across the seven living species of the cequid group—which includes horses, asses, and 29 zebras—and their 20 subspecies, Most have some sort of striping somewhere on their bodies. ‘They also noted where the stripes occurred on the ‘body—for instance, the face, belly, or rump. “The team then mapped where current and extinct 25 equid species live, where biting flies are found, the ranges of predators like lions and hyenas, distribution of forests, and other environmental factors that could influence the evolution of stripes. ‘The data was then entered into a statistical model to 430 find out which variable best explains striping, “The results showed that the range of striped species overlaps with where biting flies are most active—regardless of species and where the stripes ‘occur on the body, according to the study. Brenda Larison, a biologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who studies stripes in plains zebras, sid the new study's approach is i “broad brush,” and that more specific research may beneeded. ‘Thats why “the story is likely to be much more ‘complex, and this is unlikely to be the last word on the subject,” said Larison. March OAS. 3/10/18 nsoorat cing om ty pt ot se ee 8 11 Researchers based at the University of California, ‘Los Angeles (UCLA) have produced one of the most 4s comprehensive zebra stripe studies yet by examining how 29 different environmental variables influence the stripe styles of plains zebras at 16 different sites from south to central Africa "The scientists found thatthe definition of stripes 40 along a zebra’s back most closely correlated with temperature and precipitation in a zebra’s ‘environment, and did not correlate with the prevalence of lions or tsetse lies in the region. ‘These findings suggest that torso stripes may do 5 more tohelp bes regulates bos ome, than to avoid predatrsand tsetse fl “This wall we kept hitting up against was, ‘Well, ‘why do zebra have to have stripes for predation? Other animals have predators, and they don't have stripes,” said study co-author Brenda Larison. “And other animals get bitten by flies, and they don’t have stripes, either.” Other animals also need to regulate body temperature, or thermoregulate, Larison pointed out, ‘but zebras may especially benefit from an extra cooling system because they digest food much less efficiently than other grazers in Africa. As such, zebras need to spend longer periods of time out in the heat of the midday sun, eating more food. “The team found that the plains zebras with the ‘most-defined torso stripes generally lived in the ‘Northern, equatorial region of their range, whereas ‘those with less-defined torso stripes were mare common in the Southern, cooler regions of the 75 range—a finding that supports the thermoregulation explanation. Sil, the researchers have not experimentally tested the theory that black and white stripes may generate small-scale breezes over a zebra’s body, and ‘0 some researchers don’t think stripes can actually create this effec. {don’t think that you would want to have alot of black haies along the top of your back if you wanted to try to keep cool,” said Tim Caro, professor of as wildlife biology at the University of California, Davis, who studies zebra stripes but was not involved in the new study. “t's kind of the last color that you ‘would want.” >11 Caro said regions with warmer, wetter climates 0 are particularly susceptible to several species of disease-carrying flies other than the tsetse flies that the team considered in their study, and that the relationship the researchers found may actually be a function of fly avoidance, not thermoregulation. Which choice best supports the idea that Caro's team's study may be relevant to animals other than zebras? |A) Lines 1-6 ("The ques B) Lin ©) Lines Ph Lines 3 collected far more data than could be analyzed properly. ‘According to Larison in Passage 2, the reason stripes are particularly beneficial to zebras is probably zebras endure greater exposure to the midday sun than other grazers do. | os cannot escape predator inhot regions can. | live in hot, di food supply fodsAost grazers. 1D) defend themselves more poorly against predator attacks than other grazers do. LUnaunaris opying or ese of any par ofthis pages Geasly as other grazers 1 Ey cae) In Passage 2, the fourth paragraph (lines 63-69) mainly serves to 4 research is based ona false premisagboet zebras’ grazing behavior. ede Seen ee zebras in warm climates and those in cool climates. Passage 2 implies that Larison’s team’s stu falls short of being definitive because Larison |A) disregarded facts that did not support her conclusions, B) s that have not proved ° fa the achievements of priot >) ‘confirm a key assumption made in scientists... region”) hese... flies") ("The team ... explanation") /31 (“Still ... effect”) ‘March QAS 9/10/18 E>Based on Passage 2, Caro would most likely agree with which of the following sjatements about coloration patterns cont Oh They havean 1D) They are aesthetically unappealing, In Passage 2, the phrase “particularly susceptible” (line 90) mainly serves to ‘AX point outa law in Laison's gonception of zebras’ geographic range. emphasize the abunday zebras li & of pests where some ©) highlight the chaynges the terrain presents to zebras in avoidhg predators IY imply thal ne icat of their environment affects zebras more negatively than it does other grazers. a - ‘The primary purpose of both passages is to consider studies that A) desert the p&bceyy which stipes became widespread sttopfesbra species / 1D) compare zebras’ stripes to coloration in other cm / March OAS 3/10/18 10 Unauhoteed oping erie sy pa th og sen. m0 “ “ aston the description of Cara study in Pamage tnd that of Larios study n Pasoge with which dain regarding hres wou both each mot ike ape Stripes in zebras are used prj Aiferent purpose than fo B) The role of stripes in x today as in the past ‘The evolution of, w resj 10 poftin, cd es in zebras isin direct The ged locations in which zebras live do not influence stripe patterns. go mu; In the passages, Caro and Lat conclusions by relying on ae several experiment field observat months. G) data collyf‘ed from various museums and maps. ), obsep/ed correlations among multiple variables.i 2s ‘Questions 32-42 are based on the following passa: ‘This passagetis from Charles Dickens, American Notes for General Circulation. Originally published in 1842. After spending sic months traveling in North America, British novelist Charles Dickens wrote an account of his travels and of the people he encountered. But I may be pardoned, ifon such a theme as the general character of the American people, and the general character of their social system, as presented Line toa stranger eyes, I desire to express my own 5 opinions in a few words, before I bring these volumes to aclose ‘They are, by nature, frank, brave, cordial, hospitable, and affectionate. Cultivation and refinement seem but to enhance their warmth of 10 heart and ardent enthusiasm; and it isthe possession of these latter qualities in a most remarkable degree, ‘which renders an educated American one of the most ‘endearing and most generous of friends. I never was so won upon, as by this class; never yielded up my 1 full confidence and esteem so readily and pleasurably, as | to them; never can make again, in halfa year, so ‘many friends for whom I seem to entertain the regard of half a life "These qualities are natural, I implicitly believe, to 20 the whole people, That they are, however, sadly sapped and blighted in their growth among the mass; and that there are influences at work which endanger them still more, and give but litle present promise of their healthy restoration; is truth that ought to 25 betold. Itis an essential part of every national character to pique! itself mightily upon its faults, and to deduce tokens ofits virtue or its wisdom from their very exaggeration. One great blemish in the popular mind of America, and the prolific parent of an innumerable brood of evils is Universal Distrust, Yet the American citizen plumes? himself upon this spirit, even when he is sufficiently dispassionate to perceive the ruin it works; and will ofien adduce it, in 45 spite of is own reason, as an instance ofthe great sagacity and acuteness of the people, and their superior shrewdness and independence. “You carry, says the stranger, ‘this jealousy and distrust into every transaction of public life. By repelling 40 worthy men from your legislative assemblies, it has bred up a class of candidates for the suffrage, who, in their very act, disgrace your Institutions and your people's choice. It has rendered you so fickle, and so Unutorond coping ors ny prt fh pape ga. " 1] given to change, that your inconstancy has passed 45 into a proverb; for you no sooner set up an idol firmly, than you are sure to pull it down and dash it into fragments: and this, because directly you reward a benefactor, or a public servant, you distrust him, merely becuse he seal and immediatly 450 apply yourselves fo find out, either that you have been too bountiful in your acknowledgments, or he remiss in his deserts. Any man who attains a high place among you, from the President downwards, ‘may date his downfall from that moment; for any ‘5 printed lie that any notorious villain pens, although it militate directly against the character and conduct of alife, appeals at once to your distrust, and is believed. ‘You will strain ata gnat in the way of trustfulness and confidence, however fairly won and well 9 deserved; but you will swallow a whole caravan of. camels, if they be laden with unworthy doubts and ‘mean suspicions. Is this well, think you, or likely to elevate the character ofthe governors or the governed, among you?" 6 The answers invariably the same: ‘There's freedom of opinion here, you know. Every man thinks for himself, and we are not to be easily overreached. That's how our people come to be suspicious. "Take prin 2 indulges with se satisfaction ston the part of citizens and to tes for public office, th their fellow citizens and ‘means that Americans will remain insufand unrefined. ppheptiveness and independence have enabled rericans to be astute judges of their elected officials. D) suspiciousness oftheir politicians has undermined the government and contributed to widespread instability. ‘Merch QAS 3/10/18 a>Ese Over the course of the passage, Dickens's main focus shifts from, \ GY defending Americans against the charge of being uncultivated to conceding that Americans would benefit from being more refined. discussing the tendghcy of nations to take pride in their flaws to refommendirig that Americans view themselvesfore critically. praising admyAble qualities identified with objectionable American traits. eo RINT ‘As used in line 2 and line 3, “character” most nearly ar -)-symbo ‘B) rank. C) nature. DF portrayal. ——— ‘Wihich choice provides the best evidence for the idea that Americans too readily accept unfounded criticism of their elected leaders? A) Lines 7-13 (“They .... friends”) PP Lines 13-18 (“I never. life”) Lines 52-57 (“Any... believed”) Lines 62-64 ("Is this... you”) March OAs 3/10/18 Unauthorized oping or miso aypr fh page ag 1 Bokeca i os ‘As used inline 18, “regard” most neaely means A) are, B) motive 4 D) aspect. i TSE a 3 Dickens suggests thatthe tendency toward suspicion exhibited by many A 1s espgsially —— problematic because it A) causes people to be dist ‘and acquaintances, B) emboldens people ty/Challenge each other’s judgments. invites people t/act with too great a degree of idependen encourages people to act against their best interests, ful of their neighbors : ° Ax tedntne 35, reno” LAS inigment ) explanation i C) cause. D) defense. st nearly means 2 E>( Ho ‘most likely adopts the point of view of i Which choice provides the best evidence for the “the stranger” (line 38) n order to answer the previous question? A expose harsh crtclams of Americansthathe aces 39-43 (‘By repelling «. choice”) believes tobe unfounded : Ba GN oan B) dramatize a strong view ofa certain American i eB cacao intelectual tendency in an imaginary a conversation. D) Lines suspicions”) ©) articulate a view of Americans that he previously hela and has since ebandoned. : D) report on a conversation that he had with | . : coats | According to the passage, Americans quickly turn Pana ee against the elected leaders they had recently idolized because Americans Ei are suspicious that g#fone who is elected might | In the passage, Dickens implies that American not be worthy of fe honor. political leaders ae often |B) have learned fyfn experience that elected eel | represent¥eigé are likely to be corrupt. 4 sive to their ghnstituents, » Serene Oe |) know that elected officials abandon their 7/8) _ undeserving of the pfsitions they hold. political platforms soon after being elected. (©), too changeable iytheir jadgments 1D) distrust the political institutions that are the foundation of the American government. ‘March QAS 9/10/18, a 3 Er| 1 LA AY Questions 43-52 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. ‘This passage is adapted from Kelly Serick, “Gu Bugs May Boost Flu Shot’ Effects" 62014 by American Association for the Advancement of Science. Every year, some unlucky people get the fa even though they've ad their seasonal shot. One reason, according toa new study, might be their gut bacteria tune Researchers have shown that, atleast in mice, a I 5 strong immune response to the flu vaccine relies in i parton signals fom intestinal microbes. The findings could help explain variation inthe response tothe vaccine and suggest ways to maximize its effectiveness. 10 The new evidence came out ofa curious observation that researchers revealed ITT OL1 paper. Bal Palendran, an immunologist at Emory i University in Atlanta, and colleagues were looking 4 for genetic signatures in the blood of people injected. 15 with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine mixture of three flu strains. They wanted to know i whether the expression of specific genes in the immune system's white blood cels correlated with the amount of vaccine-specific antibodies in the 20 blood—which indicates how strongly a person's {immune system responds tothe shot, and how much protection that person will gan agnint future infections. In along lst of genes associated with strong vaccine respons, the researchers found an 25 unexpected one: the gene that codes for a protein toll like receptor 5 (TLRS). “We thought this must just be a coincidence,” Pulendran says. TLRS is a sensor of flagellin, a protein that makes up the appendages of bacteria 30 Why woulda receptor that interacts with bacteria in the gut have anything todo with the body's response toa virus injected into muscle? Maybe the group thought, B cells—tbewbit P \ apetaodies—receive a signal com bacterirtharboosts 35 their activi. ‘To explore that possibility, the researchers designed a new study using mice. They gave the flu vaccine to three different groups: mice genetically engineered to lack the gene for TLRS, germ-free mice 49 with no microorganisms in their bodies, and mice | that had spent 4 weeks drinking water laced with antibiotics to obliterate most of their microbiome. Seven days after vaccination all three groups showed significantly reduced concentrations of 45 vaccine-specific antibodies in their blood compared. March OAS 3/10/18 naire copying ot us any pat on page ep 4 1] «with vaccinated control mice, The reduction was less ‘marked by day 28, as blood antibody levels appeared to rebound, But when the researchers observed the ‘ice lacking TIr5 on the 85th day after vaccination, 59 their antibodies seemed to have dipped again, suggesting that without this bacterial signaling, the effects ofthe flu vaccine wane more quickly. ‘The researchers saw similar results when they gave mice a polio vaccine, which, like the flu shot, 45 uses an inactivated virus and doesn't contain so-called adjuvants—additives that boost the body's immune response, Pulendran and colleagues suggest that these weaker, adjuvant-lacking vaccines rely more heavily on bacterial signaling, (They didn't see ¢o the same results with the live virus inthe yellow fever vaccine, for example.) No specific type of bacteria seemed more important than another in prompting the vaccine response. But further experiments showed a major 6s role for macrophages—immune cells that display pieces ofthe virus to activate B cells and that can also recognize flagellin, Pulendran’s favored explanation is that flagellin manages to break through the lining ‘of the intestines to circulate inthe body and activate 70 B cells and macrophages, amping up antibody production. But where and how the interaction happens “is a huge mystery,” he says. “We don’t have the full answer.” Figure Concentration of Vaccine-Specific Antibodies 7 Days after Vaccination 120, 1.00 4 oso |} 0.60 040 o20+ (1.00 = control at7 days) oo | Relative concentration of antibodies wild without (control) given germ- TirS antibiotics free Mouse type ErFigure 2 Concentration of Vaccine-Specific Antibodies over Time 1.60 Lao 120 1.00 ago aso + te 0.40 02046 0.00 | ah d A re ‘control at 7 days) (1.00 Relative concentration of antibodies © 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 * Days after vaccination ‘Mouse type 2 wild (control) + without Tis Figures adepted rom Jason Z.Oh eta, “TLRS Mediated Sensing of Gut microbiota Is Necessary for Antibody Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination’ €2014 by Eeevierine. ‘mary purpose of the passage is to discuss research on a factor that influences vaccine effectiveness. B) describe how vacgines are tested for safety and efficacy. ©) presentast illness. fof the role of bacteria in causing D) analyze tof genetic components of the flu virus. scopy reuse ofan pat ofthis pages ea = hie: the second paragraph (lines 10-26), the author ‘uses the words “curious” and “unexpected” primarily tostegest that Pulendran and his colleagmes “A)_ did not anticipate that the gene coding for TLRS ‘would be so widespread in the people who received the trivalent vaccine, assumed that the gene coding for TLRS would not be found in any of the people with weak ‘immune responses to the trivalent vaccine, ‘were surprised to find a link between the expression of the gene coding for TLRS and relatively high counts of trivalent vaccine specific antibodies. had previously overlooked the connection between the gene coding for TLRS and changes in white blood cells in response to the trivalent | @ ye | ao me a i ‘Which statement regarding subjects who had strong. i immune responses to the trivalent vaccine can be i ‘most reasonably inferred from the passage? A) They demonstrated higher white blood cell counts in response to the trivalent, in response to other vaccines. ‘They had a similar pattern o 4 that previoyly had been observed only in mice. ‘March QAS 9/10/18 15 n>‘microbes”) £16 ("Bali strains") 23-26 (“In a... TLRS”) 28-29 (“TLRS .. . bacteria”) cng to the passage, which statement best ‘explains the hypothesis that Pulendran’s group tested in their experiment with mice? A) B cells must receive signals from intestinal bacteria to begin producing vaccine-specific antibodies. B) Vaccines containing active viruses must be accompanied by adjuvants to generate a strong immune response. ©) The effectiveness of vaccines a stimulating flagellin activity depends on the presence of the gene that codes for TLRS. D) The strength of the immune response following vaccination is related to the white blood cells’ detection of signals from intestinal bacteria, March OAS 2/10/18 nauthoran copying ruse fan par hs page eps 16 1 “The main purpose ofthe last paragraph is to A) question the overall importance ofthe vaccine response in light of new discoveries. B) suggest that the researchers who studied the about their As inciting. B) suggesting. ©) shortening. D) refreshing.Hl penny ‘According to figure 1, the relative concentration of vvaccine-specific antibodies in the gerrp-free mi “edays after vaccination was closest RIE valu? A 020 B) 0.80 © 1.00 D) 1.20 vaccination, & ‘They reached their highest foints 85 days after vaccination. (WR They began to decreasg/8 days after vaccination, lowest levels 85 days after vaccination. L SY ‘The bars for all | highe | Based on the passage and figures | and 2, how would the bars in figure | most likely change ifthey focused on the concentration of vaccine-specific antibodies 14 days after vaccination? A) The bar for the mice without Ts would be lower. B) The bar for the mice give ‘higher than the bar for ©) The bar for the contr mice only would be higher. (stibiotics would be ‘control mice. (fc groups of mice would be STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. Unauoted coping or reuse of ny pr oth page ga March QAS 3/10/18 WwWriting and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For ‘other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct erorsin sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage ora question may be accompanied by cone or more graphics (such asa table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions. Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole, After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English, Many questions include a“NO CHANGE” option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage asitis. + Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. Agriculture Grows Up [1] Current agricultural practices will not be able to _eet the needs of the world’s growing population, which is expected to rise to 9.6 billion by the year 2050. [2] The amounts of arable land, water, and fossil fuels necessary to feed so many people using conventional agricultural methods are simply too great. [3] Vertical farms maximize available space by stacking plant racks on top of each other inside skyscrapers and by growing crops year-round, regardless of weather conditions. [4] This method of farming increases crop production per square ‘March QAS 3/10/18 Seen aa cotea eae nen 18 ErJ2 meter, yielding much more food than does a traditional farming method employed on an equivalent area of land. [5] One creative alternative is vertical farming: growing crops arranged vertically inside tall buildings rather than spread horizontally on land. Conventional agriculture uses 70 percent ofthe world’s available drinking water for irrigation, while vertical farming techniques are much more efficient in BI its use of water. Using drip irigation to water the roots of plants directly rather than irrigating the soil around the plants, ygrtical farmers useless water than do EE traditional places like farms. Other water-efficient methods available to vertical farmers are hydroponics (suspending plants in troughs of circulating nutrient- enriched water) and aeroponics (i gating plants with, only water vapor and nutrients) EI Unnutrned cong or ane fry prt oth ogee 2 ‘To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should be placed pee it is now. BY Wier senteng Ay NO CHANGE it’s ©) there DY their 3 A) NO CHANGE B)_ farms using traditio fmethods. traditional fagng D) traditional farms. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence. ‘Wheat, com, and rice gfe problematic to grow in vertical farms becapfe of the large amount of later in the passage. B)_ Yes, because it gives an example that supports e main point ofthe paragraph. paragraph by adding irrelevant information. D) No, because it contradicts a point made earlier in the paragraph, Mareh OAS 3/10/18 >2 2 Because their indoor facilities can be placed anywhere there is [sufficient light and energy, vertical farms can be located where they f@J had been most needed: in cities, Establishing farms in cities not only provides residents with fresh produce J but also reduces the fossil fuel consumed during shipping, Salad greens from the Chicago-based company FarmedHere, for example, are sold within afew miles of the vertical | farm where they are harvested. By contrast, most lettuce consumed in Chicago must be transported over 1,000 miles by truck before it is eaten, D) while alsofeducing ‘March QAS 9/10/18 i nasties coping ores fen par tis page sega 20 En»! | 2 Despite the advantages of vertical farming, it can be difficult to construct buildings that let in enough sunlight for crops to grow, and ff the energy needed to supplement or replace sunlight with artificial light can be prohibitively expensive. However, preliminary ‘experiments with low-cost LED lights have been promising, showing that farming with artificial light can be feasible on a fj large and great scale. More experiments ate necessary to demonstrate the viability of vertical farms, which Dickson [Il] Despommier professor of, public health and environmental health sciences at Columbia University believes could make cities nearly self-sufficient food producers. Still, as demand for agricultural produce continues to increase, EI vertical farming advocates will likely encourage consumers to patronize local businesses, including vertical farms. Unsutbored copying rau of ary prof thie page ies ‘Which choice most effectively sets up the next sentence in the paragraph? (0 CHANGE & d likely need some knowledge frming, re already populous may not have idea of the passage. Which choice best ac this goal? 9% wo CHANGE o@)vertical-farming advocates sphaitional ways to allow sunlight into city pings so the plants can grow. ©) researchers are contiyhing to investigate the feasibility of using J-cost LED lights in vertical farming. J) vertical farmig and similar efforts to meet the wagle’s nyyftional needs can only become more March QAS 3/10/18 E>2 Questions 12-22 a1 a4 A Singer Finds Her Voice In the spring of 1963, African Americans across the United States learned that the civil rights leader ‘Martin Luther King Jr, had been arrested at a nonviolent demonstration protesting racial segregation in Alabama, As King worked on his histori “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” many African American musicians, BBY writers, and, other artists looked for ways to use their skills to Bl inceease the cause of civil rights. One such artist, celebrated singer Nina [EJ Simone; became a strong. public voice fr the movement, IE having studied Yo j2 ‘WO psychologists strive to promote productivity and cooperation among employees. Eduardo Salas, an /O. psychologist at the Institute for Simulation and Training at the University of Central Florida, consults with organizations to study how employees interact with each ‘other and respond to challenges. For example, he has ‘worked with NASA to study team EE] dynamic’s among astronauts and the variable's inherent inthe isolated and il cicey environment of outer space. “Its usually context specific,” Salas says of his team-training strategy. So, when working with NASA, his goal was to provide recommendations that would keep astronauts safe and productive, March OAS 2/10/18 Unauthra copying or ree of ry ptt of hi page ila 26 A) NO CHANGE 2] CHEERS2 Eid survey results can be an effective means of aging the effectiveness of UO psychologists. A company’s success depends largely on worker morale; a 2010 Gallup study, found that productivity lost by unhappy, disengaged workers costs companies $28,000 per person annually. ‘minimize such losses, some 1/0 psychologists research ways to make employees feel valued and engaged. For example, they may design training courses to help employees learn new skills or advance to leadership positions. Unautored copying ores of ary partofths page igs 2 ‘Which choice provides the best introduction to the main idea of the paragraph? AN CHANGE 3) Employee productivity an be affected by a variety of factors. MUO psychologist by focusing on, n also improve workplaces ployee satisfaction. In addition ¥ making recommendations, /O psychologists can suggest effective ways of implementing them. a 1 No cuance B) Ymorale—a 2010 G; ~B) morale: 82610 Gallup study ‘Which choice providgs the best transition from the previous sentence? ‘workers are often disengaged, D) Since productivity can vary, March 04S 3/10/18 7 >J2 ‘A.2014 survey of the 500 fastest-growing private o> ‘companies in the US found that more than half are A) NOCHANGE. looking for innovative ways to attract and retain PF isi ©) percep tiveness igh-performing employees. To meet these needs, high-performing employee - i D) discernment companies are increasingly turning tothe [intuitions provided by 1/0 psychology. The US Bureau of Labor oI a, Statistics reports that /O peychology is still relatively ‘Which es ER BENIN Tae ake aa eer sevall ld: El the total numberof peychologss i in the sentence with information from the table? expected to increase 12 percent from 2012 to 2022 4) NO CHANGE B) there will be almost 1,000 mogyfobs in 0 flelds in the country, expected to grow BJ to | PF ocinesaitee 4600 1/0 psychologists in2012, 178,900 employees between 2012 and 2022. | 4 etre | D) the total number6f psychologists in 2022 is Employment Projections for Psychologists, 2012-2022 Beoeea ieee 7 Percent] | 2002 Occupational | 2012 increase, : tite femployment| PPE | sora 2022 | ' : ployment | rojcted) Which choice provides accurate information from ae aT the table to support the point made in the septence? leas, 145,100 161,500 1% A) NO CHANGE mans B) 11 percent piychologists Ne Industrial/ ) 56 percent organizational] 1,600 | 2500 | 5086 ) from 13,506% 14,900 employees psychologists Other [Percrologts | 13500 | 14900 10% Total [reychologits | 160200 12% ‘Adapted from US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2014, March OAS 3/10/18 a sont 28 E>‘Though companies must spend money to ire 0 Ese oun EX psychologists, but doing so is a worthwhile i A) NOCHANGE, investmesit. Businesses can hire I/O psychologists full-time or contract with them on a short-term basis to solve specific problems. More than just benefiting a company’s bottom line, /O psychologists can help people fel valued and engaged at work, and that results, in jobs well done. LUsithrnd copying or reuse of ny partfths pape ego. 29J2 Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage and supplementary material, ‘The Road to Recovery ‘The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires the US government to identify and protect plant and animal species that are in danger of extinction. While the ESA helps to preserve species classified as endangered, Ei] conservationists have identified hundreds of at-risk species that do not appear on the government's ‘endangered species list. A species that may require protection under the ESA must first be vetted via a complicated and time-consuming process, Since the ESA’s implementation in 1973, 10 percent of ll species that were candidates for inclusion on the list have disappeared. Ifthe ESA is to fulfill its task of preserving biological diversity it must reform its procedures to EBlensure and guarantee that the list accurately reflects the number of at-risk species in existence. March QAS 9/10/18 Unauthradconying or rte of ny ert hs ogee 30 ©) ensurf the certainty pf ensfe2 “The ESA considers a species endangered iit is “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” Many critics of the act argue that this ambiguous terminology hinders species from being classified as endangered. J Some critics also worry that | the ESA could have negative economic impacts, 0 scientists and government officials must define it for themsélves, and they often Bi reach for different conclusions. A more objective approach would be to define the term “endangered” as the probability of a species becoming extinct within a set numberof years While scientists may debate the methods used to calculate this probability of extinction, BMJ therefore, the set number of years would need to be defined, conservationists could identify at-risk species using this standard of measurement. Usathron copying or eae of any part hs popes 31 2 Which choice best introduces the topic of this sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) Although there that should be ©) Critics do n fisagreement about the terms always have suggestions about ‘might be improved; act does not explain the meaning of “a significant portion,” A) NO CHANGE. @) yOCHANGE BY and ©) even s0, D) DELETE the pAderlined portion. March QAS 3/10/18 Kn12 "The ESA's criteria would also benefit from By es ‘Which choice best introduces the discussion in the rest of the paragraph? to classify at-risk Bl] species. These two categories are re A) NO CHANGE “endangered” —likely to go extinct—and “threatened” — 5 tighter restrictions. The act uses only two categories likely to become endangered in the near future. By Picea contrast, the International Union for Conservation of we ‘being mote inclusive. Nature (TUCN), a private environmental ETH group acknowledges a broader range of species vulnerability by mi ea pa “Which choice moss effectively combines the using three categories for at-risk species in the wild: tically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. A Mh spss, B)~ gpesi& respectively, the two are ©) SBéeies, these being D) species: they are March OAS 3/10/18 a SI sansa apt 32 E>[2 comparison of animals classified by the ESA and the that the BJ IUCK (642 at-risk species Noninclusion of IUCN At-Risk Species by the US Endangered Species Act 12) A) NO CHANGE, B) revealing Which information from the table pybvides the strongest evidence in support of th passage’s main argument? A) NO CHANGE | AB). ESA fais to recognigh 22.7 percent of the species Total Total Percent TUCN-lsted | unrecognized | unrecognized species | by ESA by ESA. [Amphibians| 55 44 80.0% Birds er | 40.3% ‘Mammals 36: | ea, 50.0% Gastropods |_195 | 176 90.3% Insects 105; 100) 95.2% Crustaceans] 189 | ‘168 88.9% Total 2 | 53 82.7% listed as at-risk by fhe IUCN, Adapted from J. Berton C Harriet al “Conserving imperiled Species: A Comparison ofthe IUCN Re List and US Endangered Species Act” (©2011 by Wiley Periodicals Ine. ‘The US government could improve the scope of its conservation efforts by recognizing more degrees of risk and using the IUCN’s categories as a model for ESA reform, A new classification system could also Bf be | financially advantageous; the US government would be able to begin protection efforts earlier, which might prevent the need for drastic—and costly—interventions when a species is nearly extinct. Which choice best introduces the argument made in the final sentence of the paragraph? 4 ‘NO CHANGE B) please conservationists more thy strategy; be subject to further revi ‘any other oo D) STOP Hf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. nsunorzd coping or ruse fany prt of hs age siegat March OAS 3/10/18 33: Wy . Math Test - No Calculator 25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. ( For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. ro 1. The use ofa calculators not permitted. 2, Allvariables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3, Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4, All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain ofa given function f isthe set of all real numbers x for which f(x) isa real number. 4 ty abs 8 A = jon ads ‘Special Right Triangles Ay AS wh V=twh The number of degrees of arc in a circle Is 360. The number of radians of arcin a circle is 2. “The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles ofa triangle is 180. March OAS 9/10/18 i euticpinnmid 34 E>? ‘What is the sum of (3x° + 4x?+8) and (12x32? +6)? A iss + 202414 PS 38s 22414 1 © 3x84 120 +6) | Osi) 14 Faxed ‘The lines in the xy-plane a linear equations. What i system formed by thy e are the graphs of two ie solution (x,y) to the uations? A) (24) B12) ©) (0,0) D) (0,4) A checkers enthusiast is customizing a checkers set by painting a design on each of the 24 checkers in the set. It takes the enthusiast 35 minutes to paint the | design on each checker. If c of the chec} A) 24(35-c) B) 24(c~3 D) 35(¢-24) ‘March QAS 9/10/18 (etd rpigarraalefnseneralpap mean 35 an»Line ¢ is shown in the 2y-plane above. Line m (not shown) is parallel to line ¢ and passes through the point (0,3). Which of the following is an equation of ‘Maroh OAS 2/10/18 Unters oping or une fry prtf this pagel What are the slope and the y-intercept of the graph B) The slope i and the y-intercept is (0,2). 5 3 lope is =. and the y-interceptis (0,~ pe is =, and the intercept is (0,~ 5 3 The slope is —, and the y-intercept is (0, —) oR pee 2 intercept is (0,2 ‘What value of x satisfies the equation above? 4 33 a (Q2x-1)(e+2)? <0 ‘What is the solution set to the equation above? (344i) - (2431) In the complex number system, which of the following is equivalent to the expression above? (Note: = J=1) A) 0 Aisi C) -1-i D) -5-71 nsutoron coping or me fry pt fh page xrl_ x41 Tar) ‘What is the solution to the equation shown? Re B) -2 c) 0 D1 ‘ a one P(x) =x?-1ix+k In the function above, k is a constant. If is a zero of the function, what is the value of k ? A) -18 B 2 9 3 fy x March OAS 9/10/18 Eroe Which of the following expressions is equivalent to the expression above for x>02 1 4) 2 » 4 ae ° x ele 2x Rear a x x-3 ‘What isthe solution set of the equation above? A) ft} B) (0,3) ©) {1,2} D) 1,3) | ‘March QAS 9/10/18, Unauthoreed copying or rut of ry parton page eg 38 0(3)? P(e) ‘The number of microscopic organisms in a petci dish grows exponentially with time. The function P above models the number of organisms after growing for { days in the petri dish. Based on the function, which ofthe following statements is true? The predicted number of organist triples every two days. The predicted number of orgpfisms in the dish doubles every three days. ©) The predicted number triples every day. D) The predicted doubles every day. organisms in the dish fer of organisms in the dish3 In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation y = 9x-8 intersects the graph of the equation y = x7 at two points. What isthe sum of the s-coordinates ofthe two points? A -9 “7 B) -7 Oo 7 rs oe Unters copying ores of ny part oth gee 3 Which of the fllowing expressions is equivalent to (-4x3)3 2 A) B) - V6 AO wD D) 2x? YI6 256 YT ‘March OAS 9/10/18 Er» 39[3 El 3] Answer: 2, Answer: 25 For questions 16-20,solve the problem and Mite> |-7| | 4/2. | Jal|sl ‘enter your answer in the grid, as described in boxes. 1D) |< Fraction (NG below, on the answer sheet. DOIG "© = [Glol@lol< vecimai DOJO @|@o| Pr 1. Although not required, itis suggested that /@\e/a Daao you write your answer in the boxes at the top @/@|@|@| er ee) ff the columns to help yourilin the circles Grid in| |OI|@I) lelolo) accurately. You will receive credit onlyifthe —_*8Ul°-} |@|@|@|q@) @a\ala| HORE MENA, (HHH HIHG| 2. Mark no more than one circle in any column, eee ool 3. No question hasa negative answer. WAM) DID! ‘4. Some problems may have more than one @|@)®) |@|@|@|@| correct answer, In such cases, grid only one Oo|o|) @|9|20) answer 5. Mixed numbers such as 3. must be ged Acceptable ways to grid 3 are: 2s350r72.04 entered into the alil3 6 vi it will be not 32.) SSI lo le 6. Decimal answers: Ifyou obtain a decimal O|O|O) (O) answer with more digits than the grid can Oooo mo} a} ja) accommodate may be ether rounded or Seale laos lol truncated but it must ithe entre gi Soldle| aolela| \al @a/a\o| |@e@lala)| |a) B|G|9| |s|O/e|9) | G\O|@|6| | Answer: 201 -elther postion isconect ; NOTE: You 2\o|1) |2|o|4|_ | maystartyour ae aa cok space rit }@O| | J@OO| Cotumns you DIDO] |Q|D/@|\@| dontneedto e 222) ieee ‘March QAS 2/10/18 Et ee 40 E>3 y( 3 qa o B For a function f, f(-1) = 12 and (1) = 16. Ifthe graph of y = f(x) isa line in the xy-plane, what is the 8 slope of the line? v An angle measure of 540 degrees was written in radians as x7. What is the value of x ? = "amika is ordering desktop computers for her company. The desktop computers cost $375 each, and tax is an additional 6% of the total cost ofthe computers. Ifshe can spend no more than $40,000, on the desktop computers, including tax, what is the ‘maximum number of computers that Tamika can purchase? STOP Ifyou finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. March QAS 9/10/18 LUnsurosed onying or rete of ny part oth pages 41a 4 & Math Test - Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. 4 For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices, provided, and fllin the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid, You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. 1. The use ofa calculator is permitted. 2, All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3, Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated, 4, Alfigures lie in 2 plane unless otherwise indicated, 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f isthe set of all real numbers x for which f(x) isa real number. Ce 3 Special Right Triangles ‘The number of degrees of arc ina circle is 360. ‘The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2x. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles ofa triangle is 180. £ 3 eX BAe A 1 ° ; March QAS 9/10/18 es ee eee sree see a2 Er4 a (x+2)(2x+3) Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above? A) 3x74 10245 B) Sx? 413245 A steers D) 6x74 15x49 a fle) =2"-11 “The function fs defined above, What is the value of f-2)2 Aw a) ee Qc 1s D) 30 snared copying or rae of ny prt hs page lg g 4 Number of Flight Arrivals at Centerville Airport in a Month (On time [Delayed] Total ‘Airline A] 2,029 | 861 [2,890 AitlineB|_ 1,150 | 700 [1,850 [Total [3.179 | 1.561 [4,740 Based on the table above, what fraction of the flights for Airline A were delayed? — 700 sat 1,850 861 1,561 Ay $6. 2,890 B) D) A political scientist wants to predict how the residents of New Jersey will react to a new bill proposed in the state senate, Which ofthe following study designs is most likely to provide reliable results for the political scientist? A) Mailing a questionnaire to each of 200 randomly selected residents of New Jersey B) Surveying a group of 300 randomly selected New Jersey residents ©) Interviewing a group of students randomly selected from a large public university in New Jersey 1D) Surveying a group of 1,500 randomly selected US residents ‘March GAS 3/10/18 a E>14 Ifthe ratio of 0.5 : xis equivalent to 1.5 :2.25, what is thewalue of x? fics B) 1.6875 Bee Bax-4=24 Based on the equation above, what is the value of 2ax—1? a) 3 BH 6 o 8 h D) 12 March OAS 9/10/18 nitro yng of rome fy prof hs pope tega P= 2,000x = 500(2") A website administrator is considering using one of the two models above to predict the total number of purchases, P, made x weeks after the website's acivertising campaign begins. How many more purchases are predicted by the exponential model than by the linear model 5 weeks after the advertising campaign begins? 6,000 B) 8,000 ©) 10,000 D) 16,0004 & 4 ‘Questions 8-10 refer to the following information. ‘The Conowingo Reservoir had an original storage capacity of 300,000 acre-feet at the end of 1928, the year in which it was built. Starting in 1929, sediment carried downstream by the Susquehanna River collected in the reservoir and began reducing the reservoirs storage capacity at the approximate rate of 1,700 acre-feet per year. Which of the following could be a graph ofthe reservoir’s capacity « in acre-feet, as 2 function of time f, in years after 19282 2 Bc at ee 3} ——_ a) 53 bi fai t t Time (years) Time (years) Sac Bayi ee ae os os e 2 ‘Time (years) ‘Time (years) ‘What was the approximate storage capacity, in Ifthe reservoir’s capacity ¢ years after 1928 was acre-fet, ofthe reservoir atthe end of 1993¢ between 290,000 and 292,000 acre-feet, which of the a following must be true? s89'500 A) tea C) 175,000 B) 2) 0 March OAS 3/10/18 Unuthriodcopying or ese of ny partf th page igs,Fragrance Oil Price s1,4001, $1,200 $1,000. $800. $600. $400. $200. TPH PSS HHP SS ‘Weight of order (pounds) Price of order ‘The graph above shows the price that a chemical company charges for an order of fragrance oi, depending on the weight of the order. Based on the graph, which of the following statements must be true? A) The company charges more per pound for orders greater than 100 pounds than for orders less than 100 pounds. B) The company charges less per pound for orders sgreater than 100 pounds than for orders less than 100 pounds. ©) The company charges less per pound for orders greater than 1,000 pounds than for orders less than 1,000 pounds D) The company charges the same price per pound, regardless of order size. ‘Unauthorized oping reuse oy pt of his page egal 47 If 2x +3 = x~4, whatis the value of x= a7 B) -1 SVR D) 7 B = A group of 10 students played a certain game. Every player received a score equal to an integer from I to 10, inclusive. For the 10 players, the mean score ‘was 4. If more than half ofthe players received a score greater than 5, which of the following is true about the mean score ofthe remaining players? A) It must be less than 4. B) Itmust be equal to 4 C)_Itmust be between 4 and 5. D) Itmust be greater than 5, March OAS 9/10/18 En!Rea ‘The figure above represents a rectangular painting with a frame that is 2 inches wide. The expression 2x? ~ (x 4)(2x- 4) represents the area of the frame, in square inches, What does the quantity (x= 4)(2x—4) in the expression represent? ‘A) The width ofthe painting, in inches B) The eight of the frame, in inches ©) The area, in square inches, ofthe inner rectangle D) Thecombined area in square inches, of the frame and painting a é J(x) = x(x +5) ‘The function f is defined above. Ifthe function g is. defined by g(x) =f(x) +5, what isthe value of g(3)? a8 B) 15 Om D) 29 March QAS 9/10/18 Unauthorized copying rae of ny pr of his pages 4 o ‘A sample of 600 ninth graders was selected at random and asked how much time they spend on homework each day. Of the ninth graders selected, 220 spend less than 2 hours on homework each day. If the conclusion was drawn that “approximately 1.35 million ninth graders spend less than 2 hours on homework each day,” which ofthe following is closest to the population, in millions, of ninth graders? A) 0.495. B) 135 ©) 3.68 D) 5.84 yd yeu If (x34) and (x 95) are solutions to the system of. equations above, what ae the values of x, and x ? A) -VI3 and VIB. B) -VIT and VT © ~2and2 D) -3 and34 & 4 ‘The energy pyramid below shows four trophic levels ie in an ecosystem and the direction of energy transfer » between those levels. ‘Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above forall x> 0, where a and b are f t positive integers? i tertiary a 5 |consumers| } i ana es & = consumers Fs g primary consumers anne ¢ ) £ primary producers D) stot On average, 10% of the net energy of one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level in an ecosystem. Based on the energy pyramid, if primary producers have 5,000 joules (J) of energy, approximately how much of this energy, in calories, is transferred to the secondary consumers in this ecosystem? (1 calorie = 4.18 J) A) 1196 a B) 2090 a © 1196 2 06 z 05 D) 2090 BE om $203 \ 8 02 i & OL i ORs aaa ‘Time (minutes) ‘The graph above models the speed, 5, of an automobile during the first 5 minutes of travel time, f, What was the total distance traveled from pelted? A) 0.5 mile B) 15 miles i © 20miles D) 2.5 miles ‘March QAS 9/10/18In the figure above, sin(90° ~ 2°) Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 2 Tp What isthe value of sin x? 4) B) °) D) March OAS 2/10/18 LUnawtrod coplng ot roe of any pat of his page ega Bt ‘The equation above can be used to approximate the speed s, in meters per second (m/s), of an object f seconds after being dropped into a free fall. Which ‘of the following is the best interpretation of the ‘number 98 in this context? A) The speed, in m/s, ofthe object when it hits the ground B) The increase in speed, in m/s, ofthe object for each second after itis dropped ©) The speed, in mis, ofthe object t seconds after it is dropped D) The initial speed, in m/s, ofthe object when itis dropped ‘A magazine article on video game habits in the United States reported that in 2012 gamers spent an average of 5.6 hours per week playing games. The article also reported the average for 2013 to be 6.3 hours per week. Based on the article, how did the average number of hours that gamers spent playing. games per week change from 2012 to 20132 A) It decreased by 12.5%. B) Itincreased by 7.0%, ©) Ttinereased by 11.1% D) Itincreased by 12.5%.Srty y=x-6x-16 -3x-2y 25 The graph of the equation above in the xy-plane is a In the system of equations above, a isa constant. parabola. Which ofthe following equivalent forms of What is the y-value of the solution to the system in the equation includes the x- and y-coordinates of the terms of a ? vertex as constants? ay) 20238 A) y=(x-3)-25 nt B) y=x(x-6)-16 ant Be ©) y=x?-2(3x+8) J D) y+ 16=x(x-6) «248 1oa+5 D) oe ‘March OAS 2/10/18 eet eat vec neve 51 CONTINUE14 is 4 ‘Questions 28 and 29 refer to the following ; If T is the median commute time of the employees information, ‘who responded to Tie's survey and A is the median commute time of the employees who responded to Fora particular office building with 1,420 employees, Tia ee ere ‘and Amir each conducted a survey about the average ‘one-way commute times, in minutes, between the A) 10 employees’ home and office, Both Tia and Amir selected employeesat random, mailed out surveys,andcolleted 8) 8 data from the returned surveys. For both surveys, Dp eoyee: respondents were asked to report their average commute times to the nearest 5 minutes. Tia collected data from 150 employees, and Amir collected data from 85 employees. The results from Tia’s and Amir’s returned surveys are summarized below. 4 D) 0 Tia’s Survey Results +4 Neen ea aad 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 “Average one-way commute time (ainutes) | ‘Amir’s Survey Results So ‘Number of employees 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Average one-way commute time (minutes) March QAS 3/10/18 ETON es rts 52 o>14 12> | 10] Which of the following box plots could represent | ‘Amir’ survey data? i Re i020 30-40 50 ‘Average one-way commate time (minutes) 8) oo In the ay-plane above, lines k and £ are are eye perpendicular. What is the x-coordinate of point P ? 10 2% 30 40 50 Aiezs ‘Average one-way commute time (minutes) B) 575, O6 ° RES D) 625 He 10 20 «30 40 50 | “Average one-way commute time (minutes) D) HoH Hi 10 20-30 4050 Average one-way commute time (minutes) March OAS 3/10/18 Unatborsn pag ermemtonyst 0 s 53 CONTINUE4l For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid, as described below.on the answer sheet. Although not required! itis suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you fillin the circles accurately. You will receive credit only if the Circles are filled in correctly ‘Mark no more than one circle in any column, ‘No question has a negative answer Some problems may have mote than one. correct answer. In such cases, grid only one answer. . Mixed numbers such e 3 mustbe gridded 53.5001 7/2.(f [314] [a]is entered into the 31 2 Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, butit must fll the entire grid ri It wil be interpreted as 3,not 3-4) Answer 2.5 Ss |[4 oa ‘A museum built a scale model of an Apatosaurus regal aan What value of z satisfies the equation above? A circle in the x-plane has a diameter with endpoints (—1,~3) and (7,3). Ifthe point (0,5) lies on the circle and b > 0, what isthe value of b @ 4 Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following Information. Race Summary split |Race segment |Splittime| Tots! s3e= tine number] (meters) _|(Seconds)| "Or ndsy 1 ‘0-500 109) 109 | 2500-1000 |_112 221 3 | 1000-1500 | 111 332 4 [1500-2000 | 108 440 AA rowing team entered a 2000-meter race. The team’s coach is analyzing the race based on the team's spit times, as shown in the table above. A split time isthe time | it takes to complete a 500-meter segment of the race. Daring the fourth split ofthe race, the team rowed at a rate of 28 strokes per minute. To the nearest whole number, how many strokes did it take the team to complete the final 500 meters of the race? By the end of the season, the coach wants the team to reduce its mean split time by 10% as compared to this race, At the end of the season, what should the team’s mean split time be, in seconds? STOP Hfyou finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. ‘March QAS 2/10/18 ‘Unter copying ot use of any partfths pape gat.March 2018 The SAT Question-and- Answer Service Student Guide able. QO Ideas for using the QAS report — The answer key for the test you took Instructions for scoring your test Ce CollegeBoard