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    11 views13 pages

    Husserl

    Uploaded by

    Patricio Hernán Horta Guzmán

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13
    see cpu ne : The Origin of Geometry’ ‘Tue wrens Tar propels us in this work makes necessary to engage fat ofl in reectons which surely never ocurred to Gale, ‘We must focus our ze not merely apo the ready made, handed down geometry and upon he manne of beng which fe meaning hada ‘hthnkong tees cferem i is thking foe eat wasn tat ofall the at inhertrs of he alder geomete windon, wheneve they were at work, ether as pure geometes or as making practical appli ton of geometry. Rather, indeed above nl, we mus sso equ back lato the orginal meaning ofthe handea-down geometry, which con {inset be vai ith thie very same meaning conned ands he ‘ie time was develoged further, remaining simply "geometry in all ts new forms, Our considerations wil necessary Ted to the deepest problems of meaning, probiems of science and ofthe bstry ef ctence In general, and indeed in the end to problems of wiversa history im tetera so tat our protems and expostions concerning Gallean {fomety take on an exemplary sigicance Tetitbe noted in vance tat the midst of or sstorial media tins on moueraphtsophy.thefe appears here for he Bs ine with Calileo: troup the dscosure of he dept-problems ofthe meaning” ‘rnin of geometry an. founded on thi af he meaning of Bs few phys, a elarying light fr our whole undertaking: maely (6 idea Of) seeking to carry out in the orm of histocl meditations, felfeeections about our wn presen phiosopnical sauation inthe ‘ope that in ths way we can finally take possession of the meaning. method, and begining of philosophy, the one pilosoxty to which eur Tite seeks tobe and ove to he devotes. Fora wil ecome event here, at frst in connection wth one example, our hvesgnions sre Nstvcalia an unusual Sense, namely, vite of thematic diection ‘which opens op depth pablems gute inknown to ordinary history. problems which however} their oom way, ae undoubtedly stor tart nee Sone afro i ot cal probams. Wheres consistent pursuit ofthese depth problems leads an natvaly not yt be een at he beginning “The qustion ofthe origin of geometry (unde which tile bere forthe sake of wevity we ncige all dseipines that del with shapes esting ‘mathematical in pure spacetime) shall ot be considered hee w te piiolopsal oral queston. asthe acarch for heat Eeone. fs who actualy uttered pure geometrical propostons, rots. theories oF forthe particular propositions they discovered. o he ke Rather an ths, our terest shall beeing back iio the nos ‘on of rllenna sil resent or us. and sul being Worked onin lively foward developmen” we ingue ito that seve in whch it tppeared hoy fore fst tine whic that appear ven ‘hon we krow nothing ofthe frst restore and ae not even kn lterthan. Starting rom what we know, rom our geomety,o ther {rom thesler handed dow forms such a Euclidean geome) tee a inviry back tothe subrerped orginal beginnings of georery 5 they vecesaiy must ave been in thee primal’ estebishag Sphere of generale, but a5 We Shall Soon Se, these ae geneatics sich canbe richly expat, wth prescribed possbities of ariving S'parkular questions and selfviden lim as answers. The Erometry which is eady-made, so 1 speak, from which the epresive ‘auiy teas ss taiton. Our human exatence moves wb in ‘umerabe vaitons. The whole cultural worl alls forms, ec through tradition. These forms have arisen as wich nt merely env Swe abo how already that ration precnly raion, having sien ‘within our human space thvougy hum activity Le, spntually, even "Bovgh we generally know nothing, oF a5 god as nothing, ofthe par tou provenance and of the sprit source that rough i about ‘And theres inthe nck of Roowiedge, everywhere nd won tal an impliet knowledge, which san ths asa be made expt, Keowiedge of unsniabe slfevicenee h besine wih supers ommonplges. such a5 that everything rational as an out of human activity that accordingly postmen and human civilizations fred snd among them ther Bat inverters, who shaped the nem ot fof materals a and, whether aw orslresdy spirtaly shape. From the supe, however ones ed nt the depths. Tradition pen ths general way to continued inguryand one consent mais Tae or emery the drction of inguity. an infinity of questions opens up. questions ‘hich end to deft answer in accord with their sense Tei orm Grigerealiy indeed, nt one can see, of uncondioned peer ‘aliitynatrally allows for aplication to indviualy termed fariear cases, though it determiner ony hat athe nil tat ‘an be grasped trough subsumption Lt ben then, connection wth geometry, withthe most obvi cous commonplaces that we have sea expressed above in ote to Indiate the sense of our regessive inquiry. We understand our romtry valle (0 vs through raion (we have learned it and 30 ‘ave our teachers), to be atta sequistion of spiual aecomplih iments which prow’ through the entinaed work of re spit ats Into new aequstions. We kaw of ts handed-own, eal forms. as ‘hose frm which tha aren: bot with every form tne referees to an tarier ones repeated. Clary, Wen, geometry must have ase ut of ‘fest acgustion, ou of ft creative tives. We understand is Ferstng manrer of being tno only mobi forward proses from {nest ofacqustons oan but a continuous yates in which all ‘cqustons maintain the aiity all make up atta such that at very presen sage the Ital seusion soo speak he ttl pe ‘nse forthe acqustions ofthe new level. Geometry necessarily ha this ‘mobiy and ae a horton of eeomeiral utr in preesely ths se this ts meaning for every geometer who has the consciousness (be onstanmplet knows) of exiting within forward development derstood asthe progress of kaowledge being bit tothe horizon. ‘Te same thing uve of ever science. Aso every sence beated to tm-open chain ‘of the genertons of those who work fr and with One nuter, researcher ether now or unknown to coe anater who ae ‘he accomplishing subgectivity of the whale ving Selece, Seleee, and Impartevlargeomecy, wth his onte meaning, mst have had 3 itor: Exi'teponings tis meaniag ise” mst have an origi ia-an ac Complshment frst as «project and thn in success execution ‘Obviously i i the same here as with every other invention. Every spiritual secomplshnent proceeding Tom Hs Bt projec of ence thon presen forthe frst time in the slt-evigence of ara succes ‘But when we note tha mathematics haste manne of being ofa ively forward movement from acquisitions a premises to new aequistion. ‘omtinsing in this manner, then i lee tht the fra meaning Of iseomety ana develope science, aria the ease of every sient) could otave been presen as a project and then as mobile uilmet a the teinning A more primitive formation of meaning necessary went Iefore ae a oreliminary stage, undoubtedly in sucha way that i Appeared forth ra tine ln hese evidence of sueest a eizaton. But the way of exprening it © actually overblown. Selfovience means nothing more hun grasping an ent with the consiowsres of ‘He orginal being full there (Sele da). Suceesful reataaton of @ projet i, fre acting subject, sel-evidece: in this setevience, ‘hat has been ealzed theres vpinaier, a el ‘But now questions ae. This process of projecting and sucesstully calizing scorer al, orly within the subject of he avert, and ‘Gus the meaning, a5 pteseatenpinalter with is whole coven es ‘ence sna psjeneastence! i dacs not exist a someting personal ‘within the personal phere of conciousness tis the existence of what ‘objecuvey tee for "everyone for actual and possible geomet ‘or those who understand geometry). Indeed, hes, from V6 primal ‘Susblshmen|. an euntence wheh i peclarly supertempyral and Shich—of this we are certain—ieaecesable toallme, fst fal he {cual and posibe mathematician ofall pepie, ll ge: artis ‘te ofl pra frma. And al frre newly produced by some ‘one on he basi of pregiven forme immediatly akeon the se bes thy Ths sve ote neat” obeetivity. I prope toa whole ls of spit! products ofthe caltral wor 0 wbih nt ony a “Sienifecontintions ane the sence themselves belong. or ‘Srample. he cosrucions of fe erature” Works of Ts lass do ot, the tool (hammers, pliers) or like arcitectral an oter such products, Raves repestabity in many tke exemplars. The hago. ‘ean theorem, {adeed al of eorcry exits cly One no wafer Bow ‘fen reve in what anguage t maybe expressed Is enteally the “Sith each language ts again the same, no matte how man tines Bas been sensibly tered, from the eign expression and wring ‘downto the immerse oraluterances or writen an ote acumen nthe world Ie all corporeal occurences, ke everything enbodied fn bodies a8 sich bat thi is nol tre of the pinta! form ie, thececne es arene ree beer ne organ ek SES ae ern Se one ned ‘which see an "ideal obect” dele Gegestndeke) na cer {hin way eal obecs da ent obectively inte worl, bt i onlin Wire of tere two leveled vepetitons and ultimately in wstue o ses by embaing repetitions. For language ise, alls partulariza~ tons (wore, sentences, speecher, a8 caneatly be seen fom he lsrammated point of view, thoroughly made up of eal objects; fo ‘Exam, e wore Lowe occurs ony oncesnne Verman ngage inca troogout innumerable uterances by ay even persons But the. cealiies of geometrical words. senlacestheares— considered purely as Inguinte structures are ot te ldeltes that ‘makeup whats expressed and rougho validity as tuth geometry the later eal geometral objet, sates af alas te, Wherever something aseted, one can distinguish What senate, that about ‘whit isa (ts meaning) fromthe aseton, which ise daring the Scertng,« never and can never be thematic. Ané what is tematic hres pessely deal obects and quite diferent ones rom those com ingunder ne concen of language. Our problem now concerns precy ‘he dal objects whichare tematic in geometry: how does geometrial deat Gust ie that of al scenes) procees fom is primary taper ‘onal origi, where 2 stactre within the consous space of the Fest nveniors soul tos ieal objectivity? In advace we see tet ‘secur by near ofianguae, trough whichitreceves, sto speak Trguite ving body (Sprache) But how does lings enbouinent sake out othe merely intrasubjetv stroctre the oj strvtore Uthich, eg. as geometial concept or state of ais isin at pesent ‘Sunderstndabe Oy alana eval lead ns ieguise expresion SS eeometial seer a geometntal proposition, fal he fare ‘te geomerrsl sense? ‘Naturally we shall ot go into the general problem wich also arises here ofthe origin of langue int eal existence adit existence in the eal world rounded in ulteance and documentation but we Us {by afew words ere sbout the relation between langege, function ‘of man within human civilzation, and the world atthe orzon ot Tivng nakely inthe word we are constantly conciovs ofthe word, whether we pay ateton foi o not, concious of a8 the Noon of erie, aa hizo of things” (eal eb), of ou actual nd posable interes and aettin. Always standing out saint the ‘wordhozon's the horizon of eu fellow nen, wheter hee are any of them present or not. Before even taking notice of at al, we are onsclousof te open horizon of cr flow ne witht inte mules ‘four neihbors, hose known tous. We are thereby soconsious ofthe ‘enon our external riz nach cae ae “others: in each case“ Sm conscious of hem ayy others, 28 those with whom ca eter into actual and potenti, edite and mediate relations of empathy (thie ivoles) 2 reciprocal "eting long” wth others: and on the {ass of hese relations car del with them enterinto particular modes of community with thm, and then know, in hua! wa. of being so elated. Like me, every human being—and this is how he s ‘nderstoed by me and eveyone ele has flow men and, ays counting hams, civilzatio in generat which he knows inset "i pecely t this hon of eivlization that common lange ‘belong One concious ef vizio rom the tartan a emda tnd mediate ingustc conminty. Clearly i nly trough language tdi farveaceng docurentations as posible communications, bat {he horaon of civitzation can be an open and endless ne. a always ‘Stor men, What piled i conscousaes asthe horizon of ivi 2atlon and a the Inpustie community is mature normal civilization (aking ay the aboormal andthe word f chien). In ths sense Cielo for every min whose weharizon ti, & community of those sho cam resiroale expres themselves, normaly in 4 fll luderstandabie fashion: and within this community everyone can ak ‘ost whats within the surounding world of his ivizaton a objec Uiely existing. Everyhiag has ts name, ot nama the broadest ent, linguistically expressible. The objective worlds far the start the word fr all, the word whch "everyone™ fas a wore avian. objective beng presupposes men, understood as men with common lingeage. Langage, fr ts pr, oncion and exercined ‘Saqucy erated covey tothe welt the nieven oe ‘sich ingustcally expressible ints being ad its teingsich, Thus tren 34 men, ll’ men, werld—the word of which en. of which We, ‘lvays al and can tlwand, onthe ter hand, langage, are i ‘Separaly intertwined: and on always certain of thet inseparable ‘eational uty. Coops usually only imply. tm the manner of 2 hein “Ths being presupposed the primaly establishing seometer can ob- wows abo express his iateral stucture, But the question arses Senin: How does the Inter is “idealty.” hereby Become objec ‘ive? Tobe sre somehigpsyhle which can Be understood by others [nochversehbar and commomiabl, ax someting pyri Belong {oth man, iso uo obpetive jst as be msl concrete man, ‘xpereneable and namable by everyone as. real hing in the word of rn ong Cmery things in genera People con agree about such things, can make com fmon veritable asertons on the bass of common experience, et. UL ‘how does the inrapaychically constituted structure ative a an ine Subjective being oF it own ayn deal cjet which, as geometrical anything but area peychis objet eventhough that aren sy- ‘hialy? Let ue ree The ogi being tele, i he immed. cy Aral of ts st production in origin seevidece Fesukts in no persisting seqbstion ata that could Rave objective Cestence Vivid slfeidencepasses—tough a such away that the ctinty immediately os into the passivity fhe Rowing fading coe Seiousnes of what hrjustnowrbeen, Fly this “retention” Seay pears, but the "isagpeared™ posing and beng past has not become thin forthe subject in questo: ian be reatakened Toh pass iy of what i at fst obsurely avakened and what perhaps emerges ‘wth preter and pester chr there Helong he possible sti of 8 Fecoletion a which the pas experiencing (eben ved trough i 1 quas-new and quasratve way. Now if the orginally seltevident roduction, athe are fllinnt of itnton fs what renewed (recollected), here necesrariy ours. sccompansng the active rect lection of whats pas an atvity of conerrent sts! prodeton, nd there aries thereby, in original “covnidene," the sltewdence Of Identity what has now been eakzed in og fashion the same 25 What was preveush seifevient. Also coesablsed isthe capaci fer repetition at wil ith the se-evidence ofthe entity (cinetdence of identity ofthe sfoture thoughout the chan of repetitions. Yet ven wth thi, we hive stil ot poe beyord the subject and is be Jectve evden capaci: hat, we tl have no “objectiviy” given [does arise, howeve—ina preliminary sage—in understandable fash- tom a soon as we tle ito consideration the function of empathy and flow mankind ss a community of empathy and of langage. Inthe ‘contact of reciprocal Ingunte unertandng, the crn! production Sd the produc fone see canbe actively understood by the oes inthe fll understaring of what ie prodced bythe other inthe the presented actvny necessarily thes place: but athe sae ine there salto the self-evident comtcivanes ofthe Ment Of the ment rut nthe predation of bth the receiver ofthe communication 4nd the communica. and this occurs reciprocally. The productions an eprouie thir Hkenesses frm person o pean ad nthe eae othe unerstandingat these epettions what iseleviden tums Ups ‘he sein he consisnes ofthe other Inthe ty of he comms sity f communication among several perons he epetely produced ‘rdctre becomes an ot of conciousness not sv iene, but Sonsini commen oe ‘ow we mus ot tat the obetvity of he deal strocture has not yet toca uly const thoop uh ata vnsering of what as cree ried ono ters wo only eco Wh lacking he perng erence othe “ies! bet even Sut pei in wich te lventor and ha felbws are mo loner ‘toatl sored or ven aren loner alive, What lacking he omininpte even wen a0 one ha consciously seared them in ‘Stevidene ee ‘Te important fonction f write, documenting ing exression is tatitmakescommunsatins posible witht mediate or mediate al aes, fo ope, commoniatin bene Vi Trough thse he commendation of man Hed to 0 new level ‘Wit si are, when comered from » arly corporeal pot of sew suaghtforardy sey experireable: ad is always por Si tat they be meruneeely experiences in somon. But at pate sign they tvaten, st do ing sounds, te fait Sbeicatont, The awakening 6 something pase, the awakened Seaton ths gen univer othe may which ay Ser activity whch as sank to obey one eect ‘Tckened eneges at frspasely aa more ores clear meory. In {he panty in quesin here as nthe case of memory, what Pa ‘Seip amaneed can be trarstarmed tack 2010 pea, no he ore ‘Spang acy ti he capac for reactivation hat bons or HEelytoceey nununeingseaspething eine econ te. he ring doe efecs transformation of the ral mode of ene of {he meanmp-stoctire fee} min the geomet sphere of s- ence, of te gromstnalaretre wih spate words. Ite uncsedmented. soto speak. Bute rene an mane sede Sin, con rescvate the eevee" tees astcton, then. beween passively understanding the ‘exyesion an hing select by resetting is mening. But SC tho ent posiis ofa Rnd of acy. aking er of Te Onsen things that have Been taken up merely recepively, passively which deals wih scans only pasvely understoed and taken over, trout any of te sleevenc of eign aetvy, Pasty in general {tthe reaim of things that are bound togtier snd met into one anotee Ssocitvely where all meaning tat ares is pu together passively ‘What often happens bere ett = meaning sess wich is apparently possible as unty~Le., can apparently be made selevidence through posible reetvaton wheres the atlemprat acta reactivation can {cetvate only tetova members ofthe combination, wile the Intention tun them nto whole, stead of beng lle, comes to hing ht is the ome vay is desteoyed trough the orginal! Tis easy to ee tht even i (edinary human ie, and st fain «ever individual ite rom eehood wp to maturity, the eriginaly in tive fe which erates i orginal se-evidem structures trough ac Uvites onthe bass of sense-enpenence very uikly and in increasing rmeasre fs vtim 10 the seduction of language. Greater aba eater feaments ofthis He ape into Kind of faking and reading thats ‘ominated purely by association and ten enough i Fespect othe Salidiesatrived al i this way, it dsappined by subsequent 'Now one wil sy tat in the sphere that interests us here—that of science, of hiking directed toward the atainment of truths and the Eeidance of fakehood ore i obviously greatly concerned from the fart to pat slop tote Freeplay of associative constructions. In view ofthe unavoidable sedimentation of meatal products in the form of Fersstng linguistic acqustions, whch ean be taken op agin at st ‘merely pusivelyand be taken oer by atone else sich consttions Femain a constant danger. This danger s avoid i ne not merely ‘convinces oneself x post act thatthe paris contucion can BE feactvated ut assures oneself from the tart after the televident bral extabltiment, ofr capacity tobe reacvated and enduigly Imunsined. This occurs when ane has 8 view tothe unvocty of guste expesion and to securing, by means of the most painstaking Formation af he relevant words, propostions and complexes of 0p. "ons the results wich are oe univocalyexprested. This mut be ‘one by the individual scents, and ot only bythe inventor bt by fvery scemst a a member ofthe sentife communty afer he hat {Shen over rom theaters what tobe uke over Tis belongs then, to the particulars ofthe scien tradton within the coresponing Community of sietsts ar a commonty of knowledge lve in the Unity of common responsi. accord with the essence of sciece, then, i functionaries maintain the constant elim, the personal ce {Sin that everything they puto sete sserdns hs Deer eat nce and fr all tha stand fae, forever dently repeatable with selrevigence and usable for futher theoretical oF praca Taubes indubabiy reaetvatabie with te ieenity of tS actual However, two more things are important ee. Fst we have ot yet takerintoaseount he fact hat sete hinking attains new ress on the bass of thve aendy ated, atthe Rew ones serve a8 the Fondation fr til others een te unity f= propagative proceso ‘eanfered meaning Tnbefrally immense proliferation of science like geometry. what ha become ofthe claim andthe capac fr reactivation” When every Fescrsher warks on his prt ofthe bling, what of te vation {mterropons and te ou for rest, which aot be overlooked hee? When Re returns tthe acta! contin of work, must he Fst rin tivough te whole immense chain of groundings back tthe orga premacs and actoly reactivate the woe hing? I, a scence ke {moder geometry woud obvisiy not be pose a al And yeti othe exsence of te res ofeach stage ot ony that th el otc mening in fet comes later than hat of erie ests] bat ha Since meaning grounded Upon meaning, the earer meaning gives Something of ts vauty tothe later one, indeed becomes part oft eran extent Thus no hiding Boek within the mental srctre is SEiturklen: and none, ten, can be immediatly reactivated [by fet. “Tiss especialy te of sciences which ike geometry, have their thematic spre in eal product, i idealites fom which more and snore dealtis a higher levels reproduced. tw quite diferent nthe Slated descriptive sienes, where the theoreti interest cls ‘Sp and descring,remaia within the spre of enseintuton which fori represents seevidence. Here a lest im general, every ew ‘Sopostiw am hy ef be "cased ie" for self-evident. ‘How, ty const 2 science Ike geometry posible? How, as 3 systemate, endlessly growing said suctre of ideals can muna ts onal merengfuinessthrovgh ving eactvatabiiy is Sete eect ss sven Ono sche ty copie thinking supposed to produce somthing new without being bl to rescite the previous levee of knowedpe back tothe fst” stage of Even if thi could have succeeded at's more pit ‘eomeey ts energy would ulmatly have ten too much 5 ‘for of procuring slferience and wold a have ben 5 higher producti. Here we must tak into comideraton the fee “opal” aetivity ‘whch i ed specially to language, aswel as othe eal cognitive lrtores that arse special win To any sentence stucures ‘hat emerge within a merely passive understarcing tere belongs ese tay apes srt of actvty est described bythe ward "explce tion"! A passively emerping Stee (eg. memory) oF one Rear tnd parte understood it at fist merely received with pusive ‘poparicpaion, taken up ss vali: ana as fom iis already cur Imeaning. From ts we sting ite ecu and portant ty (of explcatiag ou meaning. Whereas in ast form it was. Straightforward vad’ meaning. taken up as unitary and und Fereniatedconcetely speaking. 2 stagorwardy valid declara- the sentence now what im self & vague and undferenated Is sively enleated Consider. for example th Way ia which we under Stand, whey spereially reading the newspaper and simpy receive the" news: hae there's pase tlangoer of ante val such that what rea straihtway becomes our oii, Buti something spelt we fv ste, to hve the intention ‘explicate, to age ine activity which atciates what has ben read (oran intresting rentenc from t),extractingone by one i separation from what has been vaguely passively receved es aunty, the ee ‘ment of meaning, tes bringing the otal vais to tive performance {ma new way on the buss of the Invidua vais. What was @ passive meaning pattem has ow become on constructed though tive production, This activity. then 8 pecat Sr ofS evience: the structure arising ot of tis inthe mode of having ben onginally produced. And in connection with th selevidence, 1. there ommunalzaton. The expeatedjudgnent becomes om ieal object ‘apable of being pied ont this objet exsvely that meant by lope when speaks of sentences orjudent. And thus the domat of loge isuniveraly Sespnated: thi rivers the sere of eng Sieh Tope pertains instar as tthe they ofthe sentences (oF Proposions i general “Tarugh this activity, ow, farther activites become posible—selt ident constructions of ne jadgments on te bai of hs aeady Stor" sth pecarestore of opal thinking and of ssettalsecevces. Alt renuine act even then Joo ent ae aaforned no astumptins where, sed of ours ae gag, we nk ures note postion of ering Sane Eee we satlconenate ne sentences of anguag they cone tofu bly an are mere receive. nhs connection ¢ mos 29 SRST tcrenes pve themeehesmcomsciounness au eproite {ee anderatn of on so esting ped ou ft ‘Sint acy ti hemes they refer to sucha e538. Ih Seems opel see evidence edition or inferencein ores of eee conta and ene rle On ihe er han ‘seman abe earner ais ets ih ictafatseatties whch have been expeated bat no brought © oa secerdece. (ial sli cidece must ote conised sige Steiger of "anos" foraioms ae primape arent Tenet eit eaningontacton and abays ave ts be Wea them Nom ha about he possbiy of compete and geninerestvation shuren, droop gine Sack ote primal fences. tease of geomcuy andthesocaleg eductive™ sens (0a, Mganthgy by no means mersiy dee Here he dst nie eRtonatonaly penal ckevdese, i he preies ea 2 lb recinated Gk the mos erg seevsees, ten ir aiden conscuenes ean baka. Accordingly W apens tha SSIS‘ nthe pl seltevidees. he nial genmeness st ene ae thu ne chain of tpeal rence, no mater POw Dar owever ite conser the obvious tte of indivi wea es te sod capt to anterm the ope chains of en Ma Say inthe unnyofoneecomplshnent to oral eine the Grtttengence; we noe tat he [ove fw cove within eae eateaton named he removal fits rom ou cari, wee wae lation The pec so of ese ino uch tcatestins wi conor sae. oat ethene prea evant ight which site the wi ntl creme fe ete” ems ‘Reimann of bring wich is esenta o hem, “nieces af ot anded down reaymade inthe foxm of doe unemted sentences they sveve a ely. prowstvely advancing fr seis er ecarng vhichabeaystas the docenenteg, sa sediment ‘ier prodecon, as Soul mat eas wth eal But one ramen out ofsenteess with sedimented signification, logical ealng™ can produce only er sentences of the same character. Tha all ew ae: {usitonsexpess an actual geometrical truth cera a pi under the presupprtio ht the foundation ofthe deductive srueture have teuy been produced and objected in original seievigene, ie have become universally acessibleseqistion. A continuity fom one pe onto sraher. om oe tine to another, must have been capable of {eng carved out. Is clear thatthe method of producing oil ‘eas out of wha i prescentifeall given nthe cultural world must fave been writen down and fixed infirm sentences prior to the exis tence of geometry furthermore, the eapecty fr traning these fentences from vague linguistic understanding ato the clarity ofthe {activation ofthe selfevident meaning mist have bee, in Ov ‘ty, handed cown and ever capable of being handed down ‘Only asengas tn condtion was sts. only when the possi ity of ts fllinert wae perfectly reered fora tie, could geometry eserves gemine. orginal meaning as a deductive scence Uvough- butthe progression of logelcontroton.Inother words onl this ‘cae could evry geomet be capable of bringing 10 medate se ‘Evidence the meaning bome by every sentence, ret merely ais Sedimened (egal sertence-meaning bot as is actual meaning, is trattimeaning. And so fra of geometry “The progres of deduction fellows farmalogcalselcevience: but witout the acully developed capacity for reactivating the rial Teves contined witin ie Modamental concepts, ie, without he what" apd We "how" ofa prescienie materials, geomet would tea tadtion empty of meaning and if we ourselves did rt have this -capciy, we esd ever even know whether geometry had or ever is ‘Unfortsately however, this or stuation, and that of the whole modern age “The pesuypotton” mentioned above has infact never been f= fled, How th iin tradition ofthe menving-formaton of elementary ‘Concept sen eared on cin be seen elementary geometria invrection ad te tetbooks; what we actualy lean there how t0 ‘eal withready-made concepts andsenencesin argoroush methodical way. Renderitg the concepts sensibly intutable By means of drawn lgures i subsite forthe actual production ofthe primal ideas. “And the rests done By siccere—not the success of aeual insight ‘tending beyeed the logical method's own seltewdenc, bat he pat Uc successes of applied geometry, 6 immense, though pot under ‘ood, pacts wetness To tht we must a8 somatbing tat wl ‘ely, the danger of 2 rte ie that completely given overto Iegial aetvies These dangers le m certain progesive tans rations of meaning” to wih thi sor of seni reament dives ne. By exhibiting the essetal presuppositions upon whch ress the ‘arelpossihty of» genne tation. te to songs of ssences lite geometry, we can understand how such scenes can vital fevelop throvphost the centri and ll ot be genie. The Instance of popostions and ofthe method of logically conructng ‘ew propositions an delites can cotinve without tereupin ram tse period 1 the ext, whl the capac for reactivating the pial fepinnngs. beth source of meaning for everything hat comes er Tar ot en handed down with it, What lacking thus precy What had given and Rad (0 ive meaning fo all propositions and sing rom the pra sources which ean be mad ‘sevident again ad agai. ‘Of coun, grammatical coberent propositions and coneatenatins propositions no mater how they have aren and have achieved Satcty-—even iti trough mere association have inal cram ‘ees teirown lopel mening, thee meaning ha cam be made ‘eltevient through explication: this can then be tented aguin and fea atthe same proposition, which exer logiesly eoberen oF ‘coberent, whee i the ter case ieanot be executed i the nif ‘actual jdgment. In propostions which belong together in one Jo- Ive Fain of iealdettes: and or these there exist easy unr. Stanable possibilities of lasing tradtonazation, But propositions, Ike eter ctrl structres, sppeat onthe scene the (orm of tad on they elim, so speak to be sedimentations of a uth-meanng that can be made origialyseevident whereas W by m9 means Secessary tha they factual have soc a meaning. asi the cae of ssociavely derived falseatins, Thus the whole repven deductive ‘Siece the eal system of proposition inthe unity of hei vais, ‘festonly aclaim which ean be justibedasanexpresion ofthe alkged trth-meating nly trough the actual eapaety for reactivation “Thoogh the sate of afars we can understand te deeper Feasou fo ‘he demand, which has spread throughout the modern period ae has fnaly"been generally secepted, fora. so-called “epatemokgeal 1 Tine arto et eget, bl remeron er ‘ch eon se pe er eh sounding of te scienes, though clarity has never been achieved Shout what the much-admired slenes are seul licking. ‘A or further details onthe opooting oa crigally genie tra tion... one which invlved original seevidence a ts actual fst begining. one cn point to possible ad easly understandable reasons Inthe Sri oral esopertion of the binning geomter, he ned Was understandably keking for am exact ing of desription of he pes ‘Tater, gomercal ens arose togetor with the frst “axiom {propositions Further, the lopal opesivtures 6d ot yet re Sohigh that one could not return again and again othe orignal mean ing. On the other and, the poss ofthe prectealapietion of he Served laws, wheh was actually obviaus in connection wth the aldevelopents understandably ed ql te realm of pans, 10 habitually practeed method of wing matemaics. peed te toring ‘out useful tings. This method could naturally be handed down even Sitout the abity for orignal slGevience, ‘Thus mathematics Cmpied of meaning. could generally propagate ise constantly being de to lopli s could the methods of technical aplation on the other side. The eatraordinarily far-reaching practical vsfuness be fame of ela major motive forthe advancement snd appreciation of {here scences Thus abo i understandable that the st eripal teuthimeaning made el felt ile, indeed, that the need forthe corresponding reesive inguiry had to be reawakened. More than {ha the tue seme of such a ngury had to be discovered. ‘Our rests tas on principle reo generat that extends ove 3 the so-called deductive sieness and even indates sma problems td investigation fora sciences, Fora them have the mobility of Scdimented taditons that are worked upon. agin apd agin, BY an fetivity of prodsing new strctures of meaning and handing them own, Existing inthis way, they extend enduringly through ne since Sit new acquis ae in tury seamented ana become working mae Fils: Everywhere the problems, the Caring investigations, the “Uphts of principleare ronal. We stand within the horizon of human {ilration. the ore in whic we ourselves now live, Weare conta ‘aly conscious af this horzon, and special temporal haizon Implied in our given present horizon. To the one human cvilation there corresponds cisely the one cultural world asthe surrounding fesorid with i [peculiar manner of being: this worl, Tor every steve ees gee see ses storia period and cvilaton, has it particular festares andi pre ely the tad, We stand, ten, within the bso! horzon in ‘which eveything hitoreal. even thugh we may hnow very litle bout it ina definite way. But it has is eseaalstcture hat eam be fevealed through methodical nguiry. Thi ngury eesertes all the posnble specialized questions, tus feluing. forthe sciences, te Sunes tack mio ongin whch are pecula fo them in vite of hee storie manver of eng, Here we arele back othe primal materials af the frat formation of meaning, the primal pemes, 5010 speak Wich ei the prescient cultural word. OF course this eutwral sword has turn se oum guestions of ogi, which at Rat Femait total problem ofthe unwersal istrict of the creative manners of being of humanity and the eltral wri snd the a prior srvture ontined in ths stort. Stl, questions ike that othe ciestion othe origin of peometry havea closed character, such that one ned ot ingur beyond those presente material Forter clifton wil be made in connection with wo objections Tithe Best place, what sort of stange obstinacy his seeking 10 take the question ofthe origin of geometry back to some uniscover ‘ble Thales of geometry. someone ot even knownto legend? Geonet'y Is avaiable tous ins propostons theories. Of course we must and Sivevidece. Hee, tobe sure, we ave at fist aNoms. and (rom ‘them we proceed the oeinal selfevidence which the fndament ‘concepts make posible, Whats thi ot the "theory of krowede, inthis case speitealy the theory of geometrical knowledge? No one ‘woul! tink of tracing the epntemolagial problem tack to such a Supposed Thales. Ths i que supertous. The presently avaiable Concepts and propositions themselves coma thet own meaning. fst ‘Shomelevident opinon, but neverteless 3s tse proposition with tmean bt sil hidden trath which we can obviously rin © ip BY ‘eerng the proposition themselves selfeviden. ‘ur answerisas follows. Certainly he histrcalbackwaré reference been seen a a peculiarly historical task, But thisis precisely what we sleet onthe pst. THe ruling dopa ofthe separation in principle between epistemological elucidation and histone, even humanist Dajehologcal explanation, beeen epstemologeal and gente ogi, 5 fundamentally mistaken, unless ore radmianbly init the a ways the concepts of “histry,” historical explanation,” and Ong of rameey ‘emesis Or rather, whats fndarently mistaken the lintation trough which precisely the deepest and most genuine problems of htory ae concealed. If ne thinks over cr expostos (which are of ‘Sours stl rou and wil ter of neces lend elo Pew dept ‘dimensns), what they make obvious H precisely tha what We ‘enow™~narmely, thatthe presently vital cultural confgration "eon cry" a tration and is sil being handed downs not know ge concering an external susaity which eect the secession of Fistral configurations, asi t were knowledge based om induction the presupposition of which woul amount to am absurdity here rther {ounderaand geometry or any given cultural fat sto conscious of| 44 hstoeity. abet “impleny™ Thi. however, not am empty ‘lam: for gute general ste for every fet ven ander the end ing ot “cutre:© whether itis mater of he lowest cate of neces ‘es oc the ghent eure selene, stale, church econome ora Zallon, et), that every staighforvard understandlg of i a6 an txperietl fat ivolves the "coconslournest that sts someting omtroced trough human activity. No mater ow Iden, no mater how merely "impicity” coupled ths meaning the Ulongs os the seevdent possiblity of explication, of "making texpliit and laniying i Every explication and every wansion from making txplict to making feleerdent (even perhaps in enses bere one stops ‘uch toe soon) i nothing eter than historia esclesur: in ite ‘ently te smetbing Mistrial, apd a8 sch bear, th een neces, the horton of story win sl. Th af course also {osay tat the whole ofthe cultural preset, understoal as atta implies" the whole ofthe clr past man undetermined bt src: turally determined generat. To pu it more precy. implies a ‘omtinuity of pass which imply one another. each nis being a past otra present: And ths whole continuity say of adie ton up to the present, whch ts our present ay [a process fl traiionalling ise nNowingsaic vitality, Thisis ashas been sad, randctermined generality, bu asin picile a sture which ca ‘be much more widely expcated by proceeding fom these ination, Sstractre whch seo provnd, "implies," the posites for every Search for and determination of concrete, facta! states faa ‘Making geometry se-evidnt then, wheter one i cer about this ‘orm. inthe disor ft Rion tation Baths Emoto ‘tifactto resin empty tak orundiferentated general, regres be Imethoieal production, proceeding fom the present ardcarie Ot 26 ‘search inthe rest of diferentitedslt-eviences tthe type de Covered above (im several ramentary investigations of what tongs tosuch knowledge superteialy. ast were), Caed ot systema, such selfevidences result in nothing other and noting less than te Universal pri of history wth alls highly abundant component ‘We cn alo say now tht story i from te srt aething ote ae te vital movement ofthe coexistence and the fterweaing of otal Formations and sedmentations of mening “Anything that shown to be a hata fact, eite i he pesent tivough experience or bya historian asa fat inthe past necessarily Iasis inner sactore of meaning but especialy the motivational ie Connections established about ti terms cf everyeay understanding fave deep further and frter-eachng inplcations whch must be imerropate, disclosed, Al {merey} fatal history cemains incom preensible because, aivays merely drawig as conchsions mavely nd staghorwarly fom fats ienever aakes thematic the general found of meaning upon whi all such conclusion fest has never investigated the immense structural a rie which prope ot, Only the dssure ofthe ese general sure’ [ying ut present tnd then in every pastor future historical presen as Such, and totaly ol he dgelosure ofthe concrete, patra ime wich we lve. ia which ou total humanity ves in resect ois total esentally ‘iy Ulu whieh te tay understanding, Insighil, nd in the genuine nent rien. This the eoneret, Historia 9 prio which Encompass everything tha exists as hstovcl becoming and having become or exits i seem being 3 radon and handing down ‘What as been sid was related tothe ft form "hatrcl present it feral" storia time generally. But the particular configurations of fullsre, which fd thei place within As cabereathstoricl being 38 tradion and as vitally handing themselves down, have within this totaly only relavelyseitaumcient being in traionay. aly the tng of onsefsuticient components. Corelavely, now. account vous have tobe taken of he sujects of History, the persons who cyeate cultural formations, functioning i otal creative personal Sization? SS ra er ae i Inrespecttogrometry one recognizes, now that we have pointed out se hiddennes is ondamental concepts, which have become inc ‘cestle, and have made thr understandable as soc in frst fase ‘aies that ony the consciously set task of Teiscoverig] the hisor- al onigin of geonatry (within the total problem ofthe pi of i arity in genera ca provide the method fors geometry which re stort way: ad the same Is Wue forall senes, for philosophy. In principe then aistory of philosophy. istry ofthe partial ‘aces the styl of he ual acta try. can actualy ender nah. ing of their sujet mater comprebensible. For a genuine istry of jhiosopky serine history a the articular scence, smoting other ‘Shan the tacing of the hates! meaning-stictres sven m the pre Senor ther selevidenes long the documented chain of istorcal [ackreferencs into te hidden mension ofthe primal selF-vidences “which undere em Even the very problem hee can be made nde. ‘Standable ony trough recourse othe historical a prior asthe uve. ‘sl source of al sneevable problems of understanding. The problem ‘Of genuine hstoeal explanation comes together in the cose ofthe ‘Seinees, with "tpisemelogea™ grounding er citation. ‘We mist expel yet second and very weighty objection From the istoncism whic preva extensively ferent forms [oda] ex pect Ile veceptvty fra Seth iguy which poes beyond the sia ‘aca history, does the ope outed in his work, especialy sce, Sioned and rly apace Slfevidence extending beyond all Neto ‘alfactctis: One wil object what nsivel, to scek to pay, a 10 ihm to have doplayed, «historia! s por, an absolute. superten ‘poral validity, afer we have obtained sch abundant testimony Frthe Felativty of eveything historical, fal hstorealy developed word- Spperentons, aM back to thove of the "primiive™ tbe. Every Dope, large orsnll, has ts worl in which, fr tat people, every thing fis wel tgeter whether in mythical magic! or im uromea ‘alone, nd im whch everything can be explained party Every people sits "loge and, accordingly. ths oge is expleated However, 1 conse the methodology of esabishing istics (actin genera thas icing a of the facts supporting the obec ‘on and let us do this in regard to what such methodology prestp- poses Does ot the undertaking ofa humanist sence of “ow realy waa antin @ peesuppoaton taken for granted, Vall bond never oered, never made thematic, of srtyunasalable {type off sclcevience, without which historia inguy would Be 8 meninges enterpric All uextoning an demonstrating whch sie {he usual sense historical presupposes history [Oesehiel asthe Un ‘oval icon of questioning, rot exply, Dut lla 8 boron Of Imp cerainy, which, i apt ofall vague background inter ‘minsy. the presuppostion of all etermiaabity, oro al nention {orreek and to establish stermined face ‘What is hitaially primary in sl sour present. We always ab eady know of our presest worl and that we ive in it always so funded by an opely endless hotzon of unkown actuals. Tas Knowing, ashorizon-crtany, sot someting earned not knowledge ‘which was one aetal and hs merely sank back iobecome pat the background: the horizomertaity had tobe already thee im det be capable of being laid out themataly: it is already presupposed in ‘order tat we an seekto know what we donot kaow, All nat owing concerns the unknown worl, which jet extn advance foro of Worl, asthe horn o al guzsions ofthe present apd thus ao all ‘questions whch are specifically Hstoreal- These are the questions ‘rich concem men au thowe who at and crete thei communalized Coexistence nthe worlé an transform te constant extra feof the trond Do we not know fatherwe have aleady had ocsson to Speak of ths-that his strc present ass historia pasts behind ithaca developed out of them. ha historical pasts contauty (of past wich proceed from one ance. cach, a pas preset eine Bresent andthe whole of storia! ne implied ine tha «stor fall eberent and oie evan, coherent throgh it pereratve trond and consanecommonaliaton ia cultivating what hus aeady been cultivated before, wheter in cooperative wrk ori ecproal Interscton te? Des al his no announce a nivrsl “knowing” of th horizon, an imglici Knowing tht can be made explicit systema sly itr eset setae? Teno the resting gret problem here "he orzn foward which all questions tend and thus the hanzon which SS prenupposed al of then? Accondagy, we need nt fst mtr na ome kat of esl discussion of the facts stout by baton: ts ‘rough that eve he claim th factualness presupposes the Mtoe ‘als prot if this claim t havea meaning But a dou arise all the same, Te hrizon-expstion to which we ecured must not bog down in vag. supertalk it rust elt Servet ia ovm sort of sient disipline The sentences in which ‘expressed mst be fixed and capabe of beng made se eviden asia ‘Sed gan. Though what method do\we obtain a universal and aso ‘ined spiro the storcl world which saheays oremally genuine? ‘Whenever we contri we nd ourselves wit the sel-evot cx pacity torefettoturno the horizon and to penetrate ti expo ‘ory way, Bat we aso have and Know that we ave, the capac of ‘Sample fretom 16 tansfirm. io thos and phamtasy, ou ha Fatal extence and what © there exposed aps Hfe-worid, And ‘Eencetvablepssiblies forthe Efe-word hee afses, with apie “Set-evdene. an exsently general et of elements going though ll ‘he variant, ind ofthe we can convince ouselves with rly apeicte ‘certainty. Thereby we have removed every bond to thefts valid Hstoneal wodd and have regard ths world elf merely] 35 on of the concepts posites. Thisreedom. andthe decton of or gaze ‘pon the apdietaly invariant, sul theater agains pao with he seevidence of being set repeat the gvarant suc a Was what ident, what can be mae eleven orinaltr 3 ry tine can be Bed in Unvocal langage asthe esenceconstanthy imped ia the Rowing, val horizon. "Through method, soins beyond the formal generates we exhib ite eater, we can ako mate thematic that apodieti [aspect ofthe prescienife word thatthe original founder of geometry had at hs ‘spss, tha which must have served. 36 the materia for Nt ieatations ‘Geometry andthe sciences mos closely related ot have todo with space ime an the shapes, Spurs, ao shapes of motion alerations of ‘Seformaton that are possi within spece-time. parteully 35 ‘vesrrabe nagntoes. I fs now clear that even i we know most ‘othing about the haforcal surrounding wold ofthe fst peomees, ‘hi much ie certain a an invariant, esenal tructore that iw 3 “orld of "things (clang the human beings themselves 2 ects ‘of this word that all things necesanly bad to have 8 oul haracer—athough not al things could te mere bodies. snce the ‘necessary censting human beings are not hinkable as mere bois Spd like even the cultural objects which belong wit ibem stracrall fare ot exhaised ia corporeal being. Whats also clear, and an be ‘Secured at eat in i eset nucleus Uvougheaefla pion epic tion. that these pure Hodes had spatiotemporal shapes and "mate a alice qualities color, warmth weight, andres.) eae forthem. Furte, is cea tat nthe He of practical neds certain Dartculretons of shape stod out and that a echeal pass always Tamed at} the prodaron of prtisarpefered shape ao thei provement ef hem according to certain destions of gradualness First to te Single out from the thing shapes sre nrfcer~mere less "smooth, mote res perfect surfaces edge, mote o 155 rOUEN ‘efarly "even" nother words, more oes pure ines, angles, ere less greet poims then, again, among the lines, for example Straight ine ae enpeallypetered, and among the sides the chen Surtees: fer example fo pacts purposes boards lmited by even Sfaces, sagt Hoes and points are prefered, wherens tray oF Paally cuved surfaces are undesirable for many Kinds of practic Interests Ths the producton of even surfaces andthe perfection {polishing aways plays ts role in rans So als in cases where st

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