Natural world « Verb collo | can talk about geography and cations ural disasters. oe SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW. ae 1 Inpaits, choose the odd one out in each group and explain why. E 1Gprw) Munich Naples i 2 theHimalayes the Nile the Pyrenees 3 Africa China Europe : 4 the Atlantic the Pacific the Sahara ' 5 the Meciterranean Niagara Falls the Baltic i 1 cyprus is the odd one out because it's aw island. Munich ; avd Naples ave cities ‘ zi ‘ LIVING with ; - ag = YE y a Op 8s TSE Sin a r | The. ee ‘What's the most dangerous thing about the place where you live? Have you'eVEF « g at experienced a drought, a hurricane or an earthquake? Do you live near an active volcano? Does your local river flood regulary or do you live on the coast in 2 tsunami zone? Probably not, but some people are not so lucky. Four people tell ¢ © us what its ike to ive in a place where natural disasters have happened before ¢ F Ra ‘and will probably happen again. ‘ Lee ne ast Wacabulan: | FLOODS Wing. 16 + Show what you know — geogranhy ive in Zhengehou on the banks of the + geographical features Yellow Riser “The river Hows for 504 + verb collocations; word families ‘compound nouns - the environment + adjective-noun callocations + Word in focus one Grammar: + aricles: no article, a/an or the + non-defining relative clauses Listening: + an interview about an eco school + an article about satelite technology and the environment + expressing and justifying an opinion describing and contrasting pictures Writing: +a for and against’ essay + Grammar Focus page 121 + WORD STORE pages 145-146 kilometres from the glaciers of Tibet, across | © northern and central China and slong the foothills of the Himalayas. 400 million people live inthe river valley, i he Yellows | River is dangerous because it louis To Four million The worst flood was in 19831 te people died. Our government is building ‘wwenty-six dams t0 control he river and duce the sks, but Fin still worried that it ‘ill burst its banks and flood my city ‘0 the city We get small © 1s [ogated) on x peninsula, is surrounded by. water: earthquakes all the time, but scientists ‘think major earthquake wil tre in the next thirty years. 100 years ago, there was 2 a major earthquake Iailed 5,000 people anc percent of the city = =a Scanned with CamScannerGo to WORD STORE 5 page 146. 2 Look at the headings and photos in the article and ‘match words 1-6 with definitions a-f. Vadwought — [B] a ahuge wave 2 anearthquske [] —b norainforalong time 3 atflood (_c anextremely strong wind 4 shurricene — E]—dammountainthat can explode Satsnami EJ andsendout hot ocks 6 avolcano — E}__ when the ground shakes and cracks appear alot of water on land that is normally dry Read the article and correct the sentences. 1 400 people died when the Yellow River flooded in 1931 Four million people died when the Yellow River flooded im a9. 2. Ying believes that the Chinese government can control the Yellow River, 3 There probably won't be a major earthquake in San Francisco before 2050. 4 Mount Vesuvius is an extinct volcano. 5 The biggest problem in Texas at the moments flooding VOLCANO} Hive in Naples. Tes Ttaly's third largest city, with ‘population of nearly rnillon people. (Cs Bay of Famous situated on the Naples andthe volcano, Mount Vesuvius, fosctlaoks thecity. Vesuvius is an actise yoleano and it has exuptel many times. ‘The worst eruption was in 7940 1 destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. 11,000 people died. Its impossible to riet when it will erupt again, but ie Would take seventy-two hours to [evacuate Naples and. the surrounding cities. A big eruption would destroy my city. T worry Jesse, 17 HURRICANES, TORNADOES AND DROUGHTS ive in Dallas, Texas. We get tornadoes, Inurvicanes, toads and droughts here! In fac, its the worst place to live in the USA for natural disasters! ‘The we can be extreme, soe just have to check the weather forecast regularly, At the foment, the worst thing is the drought. Without rain, farmers can't [pigs ‘crops to feed the animals. But forecasters fre predicting, that the s hotter and drier than usual, WORD STORE 5A 4 [EEEEEEI Complete WORD STORE SA with the correct form of the words in red in the article. Then listen, check and repeat. 5 Choose the correct options. 1 Is yourhome town located in a@IB}Y coast? 2 Have you ever waked on a glacior/ bay? 3 Is the capital ty of your county on the coast / glacier? 4 Can you wak along the peninsula /banks of ebig river reat you? 5 Ase the footils/ dams ofthe nearest mountain range very far away? 6 Inpairs, ask and answer the questions in Exercise 5. WORD STORE 5B 7 [EEEEqI complete WORD STORE 5B with the correct form of the underlined verbs in the article. Then listen, check and repeat. 8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the ‘verbs in WORD STORE 5B. Which sentences are true about where you live? 1 Animportant river_flows_ through my local area, 2 Every year the river bursts its banks and 3 Its possible that an earthquake will 4 Thete are no active voleances to 5 There are some hills that one day, this school, WORD STORE 5C 9 EEEEZ Complete WORD STORE SC with the infinitive of the highlighted verbs in the article. ‘Then listen, check and repeat. 10 ‘Complete the news reports with the correct form of words from WORD STORE SC. Then listen ‘and check. 1 Alter the recent volcanic eruption, the government have reduced the number of fights in and out of Naples. 2 The Chinese government is planning to one million people from Zhengzhou after the Yellow River burstts banks yesterday. 3 The Chinese weather centre have. after more heavy ain, 4 Amajor earthquake several buildings yesterday inthe centre of San Francisco '5 The contre of the earthquake was. kilometres south of the city, 6 The drought continues in Texas. Cattle are dying and milk has fallen by fity percent. more floods twenty Scanned with CamScanner{can use articles correctly. 1 In pairs, guess the answers to the questions. Then read the text } and check your ideas. 11 What was the world population in 1900? What is it iow? What will ite in 20502 2 What is the biggest change in where people live? 3 What are ‘megacities’? are 27 megacities jes with more than 10 illion inhabitants ~ and by 2025 the ‘United Nations predicts the * total will be 36, Mewacit are more common in Asi particularly in India and A famous scientist said recently that there’ growing problem in the world, and the problem is {People — there ae just 10 many of ts! Because of economic growth, food has improved, health care has improved and people are livin Jonger. During the twentieth century: the population of the world grew fiom 1.63 billion 6 billion, Today itis 7 billion and by 2050 itis predicted to reach 8.2 blon ® wth a population of 34,500,000. 2 Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS and complete the examples with the words in blue in the text. (eI Tels Articles No article + You don't use an article when you talk about things in general ‘O health care has improved and ' people are living longer + You don’t use an article with continents, countries or cities, Asia, O India, ? Exceptions: the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands Indefinite article a/an + You use a/am to talk about something forthe frst time when it means ‘one of many’ There’? this is one of them) + You use a/an with jobs.“ Definite article the + You use the when the thing you are talking about has already been mentioned. There's a growing problem in the world, and is people . + You use the when the thing you are talking about is known oris ‘the only one’ the population of in the countryside + You use the with historical periods, superlatives and ordinal numbers, During the twentieth century... 7. megacity is stil Toky in the world ... (There are many problems and said recently 62 3 EEEEEZI complete the text with a, the or © (no article). Then listen and check. \ The biggest problem that megacities have is how to provide*_@_ food and Ss water for their inhabitants. One small country may have found *_ solution: Singapore is, country which is famous for c to grow *__ food. But Jack Ng, ° 410 has invented tion, 7 tiny country has very little @ farm vertical farm, It only produces ag few different kinds of vegetable, but there are plans @ to expand !"____ vertical farm to include #. more plants. 4 Read the sentences and cross out the article if it isn't necessary. ‘The poverty doesn't exist in big cities. The cheapest form of public transport is the bus. The food is mainly sold in big supermarkets. The education and the healthcare are free. The capital city is located in the north The pollution is only a problem in major industrial areas, 5 Complete the questions with a, an or th Then, in pairs, ask and answer the questions. 1 Doyoulive in the countryside? Have you ever been to__ UK? Did you have_big breakfast this morning? Would you like tobe __ farmer? Are you_ oldest student in__ class? ‘Are you using_penor__peneil to do__ exercise? 6 Complete the sentences to make them true for you. 1 My father is 2 Iweneverbeento 3 Mdllike to visit 4 (acinnis (a superitive adjective city in the world 5 (@ problem) is/are 2 big problem in my county. ‘ {a subject is/are something Tam passionate about (a job). (a continent) {a country). [Grammar Focus page 121 Scanned with CamScannerEg Listening Multiple choice | can identify specific detail in [an interview. \¢ 11 In pairs, read UK TODAY and discuss the questions. 1 What are your top three environmental worries? 2 What do you recycle, turn off and do more or less of to protect the environment? UK TODAY, Did you know that two-thirds of Brissh teenagers admictheycan QP, do more to protect the environment? ‘What are British teenagers’ top three environmental worries? * poor air quality + global warming = not enough recycling ‘What do British teenagers say they can do? * recycle more + turn off unnecessary lights + spend less time in the shower 2 In pairs, look at the picture of an eco-school. Which features from the box would you expect itto have? | a bicycle rack [7] ] | @ fest food canton [J | alarge car park] tow-onergy light bulbs ] an organic vegetable garden [] recycling bins [_] Science lessons on global warming ["] solar panels] Liston agsin and choose the correct answer, A,Borc 4 ‘Friends of the Planet’ is an after-school club with members from A one school B seven schools C sixschools 2 Whats the project? {A tomake ervironmentalsiendy changes to schoo's B to creste anew typeof solar panel for schools tohelp design a new envrormentaly-rendly schoo! 3 School dinners wil include vegetables from | A alocal farm, B the local supermarket, the school garden. | 4 Science and Technology lessons will A be the same as in other secondary schools. | B not focus on climate change. | concentrate a lot on environmental issues. 5 The interviener comments that ‘A Michaelis probably not a typical teenager. B Michael s ike every other student of his age. C Michel likes games and gadgets. Complete the sentencos with the corract words in the box. “ 1 Solar panels make buildings look ugly. 2 There aren't enough recycling in my area. 3 Climate__ doesn affect my country 4 More renewable, is the only way to stop global 5 Everybody should use low-energy light to save electricity 6 Our government is not interested in environmental In uss the statements in Exercise 5. Decide whether you agree or disagree and say why. Lear eon mnewileonoayC]] ERENUNAUTSNIRTGUE 9 3 Listen to an interview about a project for an eco-school. Which features from Exercise 2 are mentioned? Listen and put the words in the box in the correct group, A, B, or C, depending on the stress. Pe cre? ens er ern Bem 5 wal covivonment Listen, check and repeat. ea) TERE Complete the compound nouns i ¢ compound nouns in WO} Then listen, check and repeat. MD STORE'SD. Scanned with CamScanner5.4} Reading | Gapped text | I can understand the structure of a text. 1 Complete the fun facts with the numbers in the box. 20 28 100 200 2006 Google: Five fun facts ‘The total number of words on Google's home page must be 22 or fewer, The name Google is based on gogo! ~ a mathematical term that means "1 followed by —_ zeros’ In____ the Oxford English Dictionary added google as a verb. Just google it. Google employs __ goats to cut the grass at Google headquarters. Much cuter than lawn Bl iq Google employees are allowed to use percent of their working time on their own, projects. 2. Inpairs, look at reasons why people use Google Earth and Google Maps. Tick the ones that are true for you. “4 to see my own home and neighbourhood _] 2 to see my fiends’ homes and neighbourhoods[_] 3 to check out holiday destinations] '5 to look at places I've come across in books o ns|_] 4 tolookat places dike to vsit{_] 6 to find out information) for school work _] 3. Look at the photos in the article and read the sentences. Which sentence do you think is true? 1. Google Earth can only be used in schools. 2 Chief Almir leader of the Surui tribe, found Google Earth on the Internet and asked them for help, 3 Chief Almir and Google Earth work in the Amazon rainforest wit the illegal logging companies. 4. Read the article and check your ideas in Exercise 3. of the ways in which Google has helped the Gapped text a le again. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence. Att can also inform people about environmental isues such as deforestation, endangered species and climate change. B He understood that deforestation was destroying plants and wildife and causing global warming. € Now anybody can ‘wisi’ anywhere on earth ~ places you never imagined visitng, such as Antarctica and the Sahara Desert For five years the Surui tribe and Google worked as team. E tllegal logging is big business in Brazil and the wood is exported allover the world F Without the forest, the Surui community would not survive and they knew they had to take action. Complete the statements about the article with the words in the box. Then decide if they are true (T) or false (F. bring connection global interactive ] | outside raise satellite way | 1 Google Earth is possible because of satellite technology, 2 Touse Google Earth, you need an Internet 3 Teachers sometimes use Google Earth to__lessons alive. 4 The Surui tribe had regular contact with the world before 1969. 5 Chief Almir wanted to of his tribe's problems. 6 Chief Almir didn't know how the maps ‘on Google Earth could help him. 7 Deforestation affects the community as well as Amazonian tribes, 8 You can't learn about the Surui oflife fon the Internet oooo00a00on0cu0 In pairs, decide which of the environmental issues in the box are the most important ones facing your country. ‘endangered plants and wildlife not enough recycling overpopulation air pollution deforestation global warming WORD STORE 5E 8 Complete WORD STORE SE. Cross out the incorrect collocation. Then listen, check and repeat. Scanned with CamScannerGOOGLE EARTH Mul Then Google Earth was. set up in 2005 satellite cr the way we sce the s.'__ All you need for your virtual world trip is a compute an Internet 5 connection. technology changed for world and we all hee: me global tour achers use Google Eurthtobring History and Geography lessons alive: you can learn how the Romans lived by exploring Pompeii in southern [tal experience lense rainforest or even travel through the valleys of the Grand Canyon, ” B Google Earth snot just a fun way to explore the world When Gongle Earth first appeared, nobody could have an Amazonian tribe would use this tool to imagined that help them protect their environment and thei culture nforest srui tribe live in the middle of the Amazon ¥ vil. They had not had any contact with the outside worlduntil 1969, Thenillegallogyersstarted toinvade their ) ) ) ) , ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) } land anddestroy theforest.*__Sothey elected Chief Almir ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) asoneof the leaders of the tribe. He looked for ways to bring the story of his people to the global community and raise 21 awareness of their problems, Crm HE colorestation MAZONIAN ui ee ee Ea Chief Almir first came across Google Earth on a visit to an Internet café, He immediately realised that he could use the interactive maps totell people about the legal logging that was destroying his people's environment. 5 The tribal chief wanted to show the effects of deforestation, not only on his local community, but on a global scale too. + He contacted Google and then travelled from the Amazon rainforest to Google headquarters in California and told them his story. They discussed ways of working, x together. As the Chief said, “The Surui know little about the Internet, but Google knows little about the forest, so working together, we will be stronger. Google sent trainers to teach Surui teenagers how to use reate YouTube videos and then upload f life with people around the world. *__ odern technology with the wibe’s traditional knowledge of the rainforest. ‘mobile phones te 2 them to Google Earth to share their w hey combined Rebecca Moore, Google employee, said that the Surui people and Google had worked together to bring the story of the 4 forest to the global community. She thought Google would help other people all over the world. Scanned with CamScannerBh Grammar | Non-defining relative clauses | I can use non-defi ing relative clauses. 1 Road story A. How did the elephant save the rancher’ fe? THE ELEPHANT AND THE RANCHER ‘A rancher, who was working in the bush, came ‘across a small herd of about twenty elephants. The leader ofthe herd, which is ust est, ‘oldest and most aggressive female elephant. + attacked him and he fll offhis horse. Later, rescuers found the rancher. whose leg us broken, The same ‘elephant was standing over him. The rancher told his rescuers thatthe elephant had lifted hin with ber trunk and placed him under a tree. where he wats protected From the sun, For the rest of the day she watched over him, brushing him gently with her trunk every so often 2. Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS. Then cross out ‘the non-defining relative clauses in blue in story A. Does it make sense without them? AM AEIeUS Non-dofining relative clauses You use non-clefining relative clauses to give ‘extra information about the person or thing you are talking about. The sentence makes sense without it A rancher, who was working in the bush, came ‘across a small herd Note: ‘Start and end a non-defining relative clause with ‘2 comma. Use the relative pronouns who, which, ‘here and whose, but don't use th ive clauses a-f 3 Complete story B with rolatve cla Then listen and chock. How did the gorla save the boy's 2 whoge baby was sil in her ams b which as called Bit un € whois now twenty-one yeas old 4 where he made a complete recovery f ho was unconscious aber fale gorila was feeding her baby 3) THE GORILLA AND THE TODDLER [An American boy. !___ owes his life to a gor Brookfield Zoo, When he was three yeats od his fa took him to the 200, He wanted a better view of the gorillas, so he climbed a wall and fell six metres into the gorilla cage, : The gorilta,"___, went over to the boy, “_. Then, the gorilla, *___ ified the boy up gently and carried him 10 the door. The boy spent four days in hospital, *__. Binti Juais still at Brookfield Z00 near Chicago. 4. Read the extra information from story C. What do you think happened? Read the story and check your ideas. 4 Tad Ends lived next to the beach, 2 The chark wae five mets long 3 Todd? fiend was surfing close by. 4 Todd! right leg was now inthe sharks mouth, '5 Dolphins hed been playing in the waves nearby. 6 Surgeons managed to save his eg. £ THE SURFER, THE SHARK (AND THE DOLPHINS I was a perfect day for surfing off the coast of California. Todd Endris, who Lived wext to the beach, was out on his surfboard. Without warning, something hit him from under the water, Todd knew immediately that it was a shark, He got back on + his board, but the shark bit him on the back. Todd's friend saw the huge shark and at frst thought it was a whale, Tadd was kicking the shark wit his free leg and didn’t see the dolphins. Suddenly, the shark let go of his leg. The dolphins had surrounded the injured surfer and were protecting him from the shark. Three friends helped Todd get back on his board ant | » each the beach. A helicopter transported him to hospital. Six weeks late |) Todd was back in the water, Exercise 4, rewrite story C including the extra information ‘+ Find appropriate places in the text to add the extra information 1-6, + Include each sentence as a suitable relative cause, + Usten to the completed story and check your answers. [Biases page 12 Scanned with CamScannerSpeaking Expressing and justifying an opinion can express and justify an opinion 1 In pairs, look at three suggested logos for a new eco-school. Which one would you choose? Why? | thine Logo 4 is the best Logo because it's clever and effective 3 ECO SCH@SL yy ECO SCHOUOL 2 EEEEEEI Listen to a teacher and two students discussing the three logos. Which logo do they choose and why? [EEZZE Listen again and complete the conversation with one word in each gap. ‘Then listen again and check. TeTeacher B= Boy G= Girl ; So, what do you think of these three designs? B: Personally, | think they're all great. The three logos focus * the environment, Logos 2and 3 are attractive and amusing, But think the best option would be logo number 1 3 ithas a serious message about learning agree, but the» is that it doesn't mention eco-school. Logo number 2 looks attractive, but it doesn't ‘ school or learning. So 5 ‘choose number 3 because it’ clever G with logo number 1 and simple Personally, | woulda't 'd definitely because it's effective * the other two, and the message ig clear The words suggest that we are Janet. for number 3 ogo number 1 responsible for the future ofthe pl of these three logos, 'd choose m ‘choose the logo showing vegetables because it doesn't look erious [like logo number 3for two reasons " " because the glasses suggest learning and ® because | think we enathe words eco-schoo!in the logo. So lets rer 3. lal the designer logo number 3 go for nur Nae Discussing different options Let's star with this one. What about this idea? What do you think? I think this is a great ides. ''m not so sure. You're right. I completely agree with you The problem with that is Choosing an option and justifying the choice I think the best idea would be ... because | preferl'd go for/'d defnitely choose this one because I think those are good ideas, but for me (Out of these ideas, I'd go for Personally, | wouldn't go for that idea because ‘The reason | wouldn't choose that idea is because 4. Imagine that a school wants its students to understand more ‘about environmental problems. Look at the diagram. It shows ‘some things the teachers are thinking about doing. In pairs, follow these steps. + Talk to each other about whether you think these are good ways to help students understand about environmental problems. + Decide which of the things it would be best for the schoo! to do a | organise a talk put up | | byaweather posters in the | expert classrooms aa aan visit | {take students watch arecyclingplant | | toabeach documentaries am clear-up in class ee pare Lied ern oy cs ea = |. | aes. Marie Oe ee ea aL ea as Scanned with CamScannerIh 15.7| Writing A ‘for and against’ essay te esent and support arguments in a ‘for and Nowadays, many of us live in @ world of high technology and instant communication. For most | in places like the Amazonian rainforest, there are still tribes who have | people, itis hard to believe that never had contact with the outside world. Some people think that we should make contact with such ‘groups, but others believe they should be left alone. | | On making contact First of al, the people in these running water. F 1d, there are several arguments for | tribes could enjoy a better standard of living. For | example, they could get access to electricity and | re, the young people of the tribes could go to school and benefit from a modern education. They would probably be amazed to learn ‘about modern technolagy and life in other parts the world. of On the other hand, there are also many arguments | against making contact. Firstly, after contact, many | tribal people suffer and die from diseases that don’t exist in the forests where they live. Next, history shows that tribal people often join larger society at nce, many tribal people the lowest level. For inst become beggars or tourist ‘attractions’ To sum up ‘and against making contact with these people. Personally there are clearly strong arguments for | think these tribes should be left alone to continue their traditional way of life until they choose to make contact with the outside world. iii 11 Inpairs, discuss which of these things it would be most difficult to live without. * electcty «schoo! running water 2. Read the essay about contacting rainforest tribes and answer the questions. 11 How many arguments for and against the topie does the writer give? 2 What is your personal opinion on the topic of the essay? © shops 3. Complete the box with the linkers in pink in the essay. Use linkers to: + list arguments: fist, secondly, 2 finally + give examples: for example, @__ ‘= show contrast: however, * ‘on the other hand + give a personal opinion: in my opinion, introduce a conclusion: in conclusion, ¢ 4. Read the essay again. In which paragraph (1-4) does the writer: 2 give 3 personal opinion? bb present arguments against the topic? ¢ introduce both sides of the issue? d present arguments for the topic? fe make some general of factual comments about the topic? # make a statement summarising the main arguments? 1g support arguments with examples? O00 Gel Ee Scanned with CamScanner5 Read the WRITING FOCUS and check your answers in xercise 4, A ‘for and against’ essay Introduction Begin with general or factual comments about the topic. * End with @ statement that mentions both sides of the issue, Body + Arguments for * Present two or three arguments forthe topic. * Include examples to support the arguments + Arguments against Write @ similar paragraph presenting and supporting arguments against the topic. Conclusion + Make a summarising statement. + Add your personal opinion. Note: Remember to use linkers to make your essay easier 1 follow 6 You are going to write an essay on the topic of keeping, animals in 00s. Which of these arguments are for (F) and which are against (A) keeping animals in 2005? 1 There are opportunities for research. 2. The animals sufer from stress and depression, 3 tis very cifficult to recreate the animals’ natural 4 Endangered species can be protected, oo.o00 7 Match arguments 1-4 in Exercise 6 with supporting points a-d. 2 For instance, birds kept in 2005 can never fly freely lke wild birds, bb For example, we have learnt more about genetics from studying 200 animals, For instance, some species which used to be wild are now only found in 200s. d For example, some animals become stressed because of contact with 200 visitors. Deere oe ay Writing task In your English class you have been talking about ‘keeping animals in zoos. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay. Write your essay Using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view. Is ita good idea to keep animals in zoos? Notes research + animal sufering your own idea) ‘A. Write your essay in 140-190 words. Follow these steps. + Wite four clear paragraphs. + Putthe ‘for and ‘against’ arguments in soparate paragraphs + Give examples using for instance or for example, + Use ides from Exercises 6 and 7. + Conclude with a summarising statement and ‘a personal opinion. ‘Some people think that we should/shouldn't (On the one hand, there are several arguments for keeping For example, we could On tthe other hand, there are many arguments against keeping ‘To sum up, there are clearly arguments for and against | personally believe that arimals should/shoulda't B_ Use the ideas in the WRITING FOCUS and the model to help you. © Check. Have you used all the notes in the question? 7 Have you organised your essay into four paragraphs? 7 Have you supported your arguments with examples? 7 Have you used linkers to lst arguments and show contast? ¥ Have you given a personal opinion inthe last paragraph? ¥ Have you checked grammar and spelling? == Scanned with CamScannerVOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR Wa 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ‘There are two extra words. | floods ground industrial melt | |_ predict provide vertical 1 Ifthe temperature doesn't drop tonight, most of the snow will___quiekly 2 It’s not clear whether anyone can the consequences of global warming correctly 3 Before the 1992 Olympic Games, Barcelona used to be atypically. city and few tourists visited it. 4 Scientists agree that certain human activities, such as cutting down trees, can couse inmany regions of the world 5 Look at the diagram, please. The. line shows the number of hurricanes in the US every year Choose the correct options. 1 The town is situated on a smal glacier / dam / peninsuls, surrounded by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, A friend of mine who has a few snakes says that it doesn't hurt much when a snake feeds / shakes / bites you Everyone will benefit with / from / of better air quality when the factory closes next year. Meteorologists have wamed of dense / strong / global winds in northern England this weekend. Japanese authorities ate looking for new projects that could one / reduce / guard the risk of tsunami Complete the sentences with 2, an, the or @ (no article). 1 We were going to start climbing __ steep mountain, when we saw —_ park ranger on horse. 2 In__twentieth century, alot of people moved to__ 2 3 4 5 cities. 3 Infact, scientists expect __ major earthquake to hit ___ Los Angeles soon, 4 There was no running waterin__ village where my grandad lived as child 5 __ Europe isn't __ largest continent in__ world. ‘Add the information in brackets to the sentences using non-defining relative clauses. 1 Tokyo is a megacity (itis the capital of Japan.) 2 My grandparents’ cottage is ina great location. (ts windows overlook a mountain range) 3 The company operates on a global scale. (thas been accused of illegal logging) 4 The tribal chief wants to raise awareness of the outside world. (He stucied in Paris) 5 People in Liverpool are concerned about the ‘environment. (Janet opened her shop there.) LANGUAGE IN USE es WU 5 Use the prompts in brackets to complete the sentences. Make any changes necessary. 11 Overpopulation is a serious global problem and (problem/get/bad)_in the future as many families in Asia are getting bigger and bigger. 2 In 7940, Vesuvius, (be/stil/active/volcano) buried the city of Pompeii with ash and lava, 3 An ecologist has climbed up the tallest tree in the park. He will come down (soon/he/get] a reply from the town authorities about the park’s future, 4 | must finish this interactive map today. So, ifyou call me around 5 o'clock, (Worl) the office. 5 My family (not/use/lve) ina great place. We had a small house in a bad neighbourhood. {6 When | heard a noise in the garden, | thought (ivmay/be) ‘hedgehog, but | wasn't sure. Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets. THE ENVIRONMENT People didn’t use to worry about the environment much when | was a child. There were no * (recycle) bins in my town, so we would put all our lite in one bag and throw it away. The government kept focusing ‘on economic? (grow) so that everyone had a well-paid job, a three-bedroom house and a powerful car. (forest) was just a difficult word to pronounce and we were not aware ofthe consequences Of cutting down the rainforests. We didn't oppose the “ (destroy) of wildlife habitats as it was part of progress. I took us many years to realise that we won't be able to survive as a species without having clean * (renew) energy sources, like solar power, | (or without stopping global warming, | hope itis not too late for our planet to make a full § (recover) after all the damage we have done to it. eee) Scanned with CamScannerCARY) 5.2 no Baas oe ity We do * when we are tatking ab Primary education is Farmers 19 0 pout something in gone compulsory in ths county OF COUNtHES ean very Title Mone * Before the names of continents and most counties fn Europe. in Spain, in Beri Exceptions: in the United States, in the United kingdom, in the Netherlands, i the H. * anal towne! We use a/an * when we mention something for the any one of a kind or group: Ne bought a new can fist time orto refer to London is * when talking about someone's job. Lucy is a doctor big city We use the: * torefer to something that we have montioned botore: He lived in a big city: The city was polluted, + to rofer to something specific oF unique: Hike the colour of that shirt. Who is the King of Spain? *+ torefer to a period in history the Renaissance * with the superlative forms of adjectives: the worst * with ordinal numbers the third 1. Complete the sentences with a/an or the, 1 My mums _ secondary school teacher 2 Iwas born on__16 January 3 What do you want for lunch: __chicken sandwich or __pivce of pizza? 4 Is Sydney _biggest city in Australia? 5 It’s__firttime ve been to___USA, 6 Leonardo da Vinci lived during Renaissance. 2 Complete the sentences with a/an, the or © (no article) 1 Wendy is__famous artist. You can see her paintings in___best museums in__ world. 2 I think that ___private health eare is going to become more popular soon, 3 _ capital of '5___ Amsterdam. 4 ____ scientist has said recently that __cities haven't changed much since___ nineteenth century. 5 Yesterday my brother asked me_question about natural disasters. I didn’t know answer. 6 Doyou think __ secondary school students should wear___uniforms? Netherlands isn’t__ Hague. Non-defining relative a EYES Information + Nom delining relative elation ave acliions about the person, thing, place, ott wo ate talking bout The sentence ve without this information Giant pancios, whieh are enckantened species, fie in Ae mountains in contial China, =* Giant pandas tve in the ‘mrouitains in conteal China + We use fron th + We use who, which, whore and whose (but not that) hon desining relative clause year se visitad out Inends on the Aran islands, where lots of bird sppocins mate a non-cefining relative sntoniea, vyoucan Weave ut the rolative pronouns iy non-clefining 41 That young man aver thes remember at the mor ont, i famous ecologist 2 We went om an expedition to the Ay of ushad ever been before, 3 The docte can't have beon older than thiety, ‘examined Lisa's leg carefully 4 Mrs Janet MeGregor's favourite holiday destination is London, people don't recognise her 5 One of my friends, made a big don. vile runs a big business, has n 0 an environmental chat 6 The elephants, _ were drinking water from the river, sucktenly became vary anxious. 2 Use the information in brackets to add a non- relative clause to each sentence, 1 The company plans to build a skyscraper here. (he company’s over is Tania Hillman) 2 This Tshirt is a prize in the competition, (his Tshirt is made of organic cotton) 3 Sandra saw giant pandas last year in China. (Sandia studies zoology) 4 I'm moving to Belfast. (Cl work at a travel agency thero,) 5 Padua attracts many tourists in the summer. (Padua is very close to Venice,) 6 Frank studies science. (tis brother isa biologist) Scanned with CamScannerWORD STORE 5 WORD STORE 5A Geographical features WORD STORE 5B Verb collocations 1 Hills that overlook famous cities sometimes give you stunning views. 2 Rivers usually f from the mountains to the 3 Ariver can b. its banks and __the local area 4. les very dificult to predict when an earthquake wil s___oravoleano wile WORD STORE SC Word families wou | vers a 7 acon | teng— 2 evacuation 9 lscaton 4 prediction 5 production 6 reduction One world WORD STORE 5D Compound nouns ~ the environment global environmental low-energy solar recycling renewable climate 1 climate change 2 ier: 3 warming 4 ight bulbs 5 bins 6 energy 7 panels WORD STORE 5E Adjective-noun collocations fuli/dense rainforest interactive/automatic map endangered/rsky species near/iocal community outside/exterior world Lniversal/glabel community onan WORD IN FOCUS ONE ‘one (a number) | [one hundred years ago There is one question | don't understand. ‘one of + plural noun = refers to one member lof a group of people or things They elected Chief Almir as one of the leaders of the tribe Choose one of the options. ‘one/enes (a pronoun) = refers toa countable noun that has already been mentioned Out of these three photos, number 2is the one Ike best Look atthe environmental issues. Which are the most important ones facing your country? ‘one in phrases ‘one day, one morning, ete. One day itis possible that an earthquake will strike, one another = each other We have known one another since school. ‘one or two =a few I've got one or two things to sort out. Scanned with CamScanner