UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING CT057-3-3-UBCOM

UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING IN HOTEL SCENARIO

G ROUP ASSIGNMENT

GROUP MEMBERS TP NUMBER

Bana Maher Ali Qubbej TP057739

Andre NG TP054153

Chow Shi Chen TP054180

INTAKE CODE : UC3F2111CS(IS)

LECTURER : MR. KAMALANATAN

HAND-OUT DATE : 15th OCTOBER 2021

SUBMISSION DATE : 30th JUNE 2022
Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................4
2 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................5
3 Scenario...............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Situation 1 (Road crossing for blind people)...............................................................................6
3.1.1 Environment/Place................................................................................................................6
3.1.2 People....................................................................................................................................6
3.1.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives (needs to add extra bullets).......................................................6
3.1.4 Interactions............................................................................................................................6
3.1.5 Problems/Opportunities found..............................................................................................7
3.1.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations....................................................................................7
3.2 Situation 2 (Traffic control).........................................................................................................9
3.2.1 Entity Characteristics Table..................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Environment........................................................................................................................10
3.2.3 People..................................................................................................................................10
3.2.4 Tasks/Activities/Objectives..................................................................................................10
3.2.5 Interactions..........................................................................................................................11
3.2.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations..................................................................................11
3.3 Situation 3 ( )............................................................................................................................13
3.3.1 Environment/Place..............................................................................................................13
3.3.2 People..................................................................................................................................13
3.3.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives..................................................................................................13
3.3.4 Interactions..........................................................................................................................13
3.3.5 Problems/Opportunities found............................................................................................13
3.3.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations..................................................................................13
3.4 Situation 4 (insert)....................................................................................................................14
3.4.1 Environment/Place..............................................................................................................14
3.4.2 People..................................................................................................................................14
3.4.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives..................................................................................................14
3.4.4 Interactions..........................................................................................................................14
3.4.5 Problems/Opportunities found............................................................................................14
3.4.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations..................................................................................14
 3.5 Situation 5 ( insert)...................................................................................................................14
3.5.1 Environment/Place..............................................................................................................14
3.5.2 People..................................................................................................................................14
3.5.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives..................................................................................................14
3.5.4 Interactions..........................................................................................................................14
3.5.5 Problems/Opportunities found............................................................................................14
3.5.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations..................................................................................14
3.6 Situation 6 (insert )...................................................................................................................15
3.6.1 Environment/Place..............................................................................................................15
3.6.2 People..................................................................................................................................15
3.6.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives..................................................................................................15
3.6.4 Interactions..........................................................................................................................15
3.6.5 Problems/Opportunities found............................................................................................15
3.6.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations..................................................................................15
4 Critical Reflection...............................................................................................................................16
4.1 Critical Reflection 1 (Bana Maher Ali Qubbej)..........................................................................16
4.2 Critical Reflection 2 (Andre).....................................................................................................16
4.3 Critical Reflection 3 (Chow Chien)............................................................................................16
5 References.........................................................................................................................................17
UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING IN TRANSPORTATION

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study analyses how ubiquitous computing is used in the transportation industry.
We'll look at six scenarios: traffic control, road crossing for the blind, third Scenario, forth
scenario, fifth scenario, and sixth scenario. These are crucial areas where top-notch measures
must be implemented to maintain total road safety. We will outline each scenario and its
interactions and provide UBICOM implementations to help address current issues in the
abovementioned fields. We will thoroughly examine the technology in use to determine whether
it is accomplishing its intended goals or whether changes to the technology are necessary to
make it more effective at carrying out the activities.
2 Introduction

Pervasive computing, also known as ubiquitous computing, is the growing trend of fusing
computing capability into everyday objects to enable effective communication between them. It
enables the performance of useful tasks while eliminating the requirement for end users’
interaction with computers as computers (Shea, 2019).

Contrary to desktop computation, pervasive computing allows users to perform tasks on

any device, anytime, anywhere, and with any data type across any network. Interventions
utilizing information and communications technologies (ICT) have the real potential to improve
the quality of life and increase independence for individuals with disabilities. It has been
demonstrated that mobile technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) may benefit persons with
disabilities by boosting their involvement in society and assisting them with a variety of tasks,
including communication, education, shopping, travel, and everyday mobility (Susar & Aquaro,
2019).

This study will suggest AI-powered assistive devices that can enhance the quality of life
for those with visual impairments and address several enduring transportation problems, such as
preventing accidents.

3 Scenario

Traffic is becoming generally chaotic due to the population development in major urban
areas and the rapid growth in the number of cars. Contrary to popular belief, the congestion
problem significantly influences business and economic activity and daily life for individuals. As
a result, these problems produce less money, which impacts the global sustainability of urban
growth. Lack of accessibility for visually impaired pedestrians on the road is a more urgent
problem that has long plagued the transportation industry. Traffic control is another element of
the transportation industry that will be examined. The two scenarios will be analyzed, and
UBICOM recommendations will be provided.

Andre’s Paragraph

Chows Paragrap
3.1 Situation 1 (Road crossing for blind people)

Entity Characteristic information (Context)

Road Segmentation parameter, traffic situation

Visually impaired Level of visual impairment, presence location

pedestrian

Traffic light Image distance, car lane, Camera angle

3.1.1 Environment/Place

 Main thoroughfares -Highways

 Visually impaired people

3.1.2 People
3.1.3 You forgot to identify the problem

 Visually challenged pedestrians

 Other road users

3.1.4 Tasks/Activities/Objectives (needs to add extra bullets)

 System notified where there is a crosswalk for pedestrians

 system to translates and adjusts the surroundings to increase mobility
 Technology aware of where and when visually challenged people are present
 It provides a customized set of directions
 System describes traffic scenario
 Informs the user of crossing situation in real-time
 System adjusts environment to user demands.
-Request for an installation process
3.1.5 Interactions

 -Setting up a mobile application

 -Antennae requested a localization process
 -System begins computing signal trilateration to determine the quadrant in which
the user's location
 -For every pedestrian within the monitoring regions, whether or not they are
visually handicapped, a processor thread is initiated.
 -Images taken from the detection range are then sent to a model that has already
been trained to look for traces that can be used to identify pedestrians.

3.1.6 Problems/Opportunities found

 - For visually challenged pedestrians, determining whether it is safe to cross can be

challenging and time-consuming if multiple traffic lights at a single crossing
broadcast audio notification. When hubs are close to one another, this is
particularly true.
 -The unavailability of visual cues and the narrow range of substitute senses'
perception

3.1.7 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations

3.1.7.1 Description

It is customary to paint a horizontal line to designate a pedestrian crossing area; however,

this practice is not maintained regularly in many locations, so the lines can often be hidden or
even not there at all. As a result, it is required to tell the system where there is a crosswalk for
pedestrians in the space design. Designing a polygon that functions as a commuter segmentation
parameter is possible with this capability. The system employs an infrared-emitting camera and,
in some circumstances, extra infrared lights for areas with poor nighttime lighting. At least two
crossover places can be evaluated in real-time at each traffic light in both lanes. The camera is
pointed at the viewing angle above, below, or after crossing streets thanks to controlling the
voltage of the vertical position of the camera mounted on the gadget. This makes it possible to
put the traffic signal in various intersection circumstances. Continuous image capture occurs
around the clock.

The ability of the suggested system to translate and adjust the surroundings to increase
mobility is one of its core features, which is essential when creating solutions for people with
disabilities. Interacting with people during the design and development phase followed user-
centered design principles when developing this solution. It is critical to know how these
particular individuals engage with the urban surroundings and how they use mobile application
interfaces in order to create and create an action plan that would be beneficial and simple to use.
This technology is aware of where and when visually challenged people are present. It provides a
customized set of directions while describing the traffic scenario and informing the user of the
crossing situation in real-time. By extending the time between crossing the street, the system
may adjust the environment to user demands.

3.1.7.2 Issue Found

-A usability issue can occur when noise pollution from nearby construction or substantial traffic.
The user may find it challenging to hear the instructions in this circumstance.

3.1.7.3 Technology

Identify the tech used in bold just in the beginning of the paragraph Smart Traffic Light by
Agent Seebot -is used in the suggested fix. In addition to an Intel I5 7th generation processor,
this gadget presents a greater LED display interface resolution. This gadget includes an HD IP
camera from Axis that can take images at a rate of more than 30 frames per second. Ethernet,
Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi are the available connectivity technologies. The gadget also has an
accelerometer, an inclinometer, and a computerized camera angle modification system that can
tilt the camera 80 degrees on the Y-axis (vertical). The intelligent traffic signals' pictures are at
least 5.5 m in height, and their distance from the area intended for the passage is dynamic and
subject to change depending on the environment. The car track is identified and marked in red,
the crossover section is recognized and labeled in light green, and the pedestrian crossing is
marked in neon green.

3.1.7.4 Solution

Use visible warning surfaces or textured, truncated-dome ground surface indicators to

warn people when they approach pavement or stair edges. When the sidewalk gradient is the
same as the roadway grade, identifiable warning surfaces are beneficial at reduced curbs.
Crossings for pedestrians must stand out from the surrounding terrain so those with limited
vision can still perceive them.

Visually Impaired Pedestrian Crossing Aid Device Illustration (image courtesy of Hanjun
Song)

Illustration of the camera and intelligent traffic lights installation at the intersection
(Illustration courtesy of Andreea M. Oprescu)
3.2 Situation 2 (Traffic control)

3.2.1 Entity Characteristics Table

Entity Characteristics information

Roads Toll gates, bridge status

vehicle Accident history,

Police Camera control

3.2.2 Environment

 -Highways
 -Major roads
3.2.3 People

 -Motorists
 -Cyclists
 -Pedestrians
 -Traffic officers and marshals

3.2.4 Tasks/Activities/Objectives

 -View message
 -Sslow down
 -Police see a car accident statistic
 -Emergency services are offered
 -Drivers receive technical help.

3.2.5 Interactions

 -At toll gates, tickets with RFID tags are issued.

 -The ITS Server gathers tag data to detect and spread auto accidents.
 -Rreports an accident to the police or fire department, providing drivers with
technical rescue assistance and emergency medical care.
 -Sends requests to the server for emergency lighting, siren, alert, gate, and LCD
control.
 -Cameras are immediately pointed at the accident scene as soon as the ITS server
notices an automobile collision on the bridge.

3.2.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations

3.2.6.1 Description

According to Zhou et al. (2012), The RFID Tags on the receipt are issued at toll gates,
supposing RFID readers could read RFID Tags affixed to moving vehicles on the road. The
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Server first gathers tag data and atmospheric data like
temperature, humidity, and illumination, among other things. The server's primary duty is
locating and spreading information about auto accidents. Second, the ITS client allows
administrators to administer their system efficiently. It decodes communications from the ITS
database and displays weather and traffic information on the screen. If any notice is deemed a car
accident, it alerts a fire station or the police of the incident, providing drivers with technical
rescue assistance and emergency medical care. It can also transmit commands to the server to
control LCD, lights, sirens, alarms, gates, and other devices in an emergency. As an ALE client
that defines ECSpec, the ITS client performs a function. Thirdly, when the ITS server notices
accidents and sends instructions to the micro control unit, it can regulate lights, sirens, alerts,
gates, and LCD.

3.2.6.2 Technology

RFID (Radio Frequency)

The technology used for identification can make a good candidate for a traffic monitoring
system. RFID is a rapid recognition technology that can give an item or thing an electronic
identity (Xiao & Wang, 2011). An established method of remotely storing and retrieving data is
RFID. The reader and tag are the two fundamental parts of an RFID system. The tag is a tiny
electrical gadget comprising an antenna and a chip. The antenna is used to receive and reply to
radio-frequency requests from readers, and the chip can store up to 2,000 bytes of data
maximum.

3.2.6.3 Problems/Opportunities identified

 -Undesirable situations, including heavy congestion

 -High frequency of crashes
 -Dangerous regions such as bridges, tunnels, and icy roads, driver.

3.2.6.4 Solutions

Non-intrusive sensors can be installed and repaired without affecting traffic because they
don't need to be installed on or beneath the surface.
 Microwave radar, laser radar, and video image processing are examples of non-intrusive
equipment. Vehicle detection using video is a standard method for traffic surveillance. Over the
past ten years, it has been crucial to real-time traffic control systems. Systems that monitor traffic
via video have a variety of advantages over more conventional techniques like loop detectors.
Video images can provide additional traffic data beyond vehicle counts, such as vehicle
classifications and lane changes. Additionally, video cameras are simple to set up and operate in
mobile contexts.

Illustration of Ubiquitous application in traffic control (Courtesy of scientific research

publishing Inc.)

3.3 Situation 3 ( )
3.3.1 Environment/Place

3.3.2 People

3.3.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives

3.3.4 Interactions

3.3.5 Problems/Opportunities found

3.3.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations

3.3.6.1 Description

3.3.6.2 Issue Found

3.3.6.3 Technology

3.3.6.4 Solution

3.4 Situation 4 (insert)

3.4.1 Environment/Place

3.4.2 People

3.4.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives

3.4.4 Interactions

3.4.5 Problems/Opportunities found

3.4.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations

3.4.6.1 Description

3.4.6.2 Issue Found

3.4.6.3 Technology

3.4.6.4 Solution

3.5 Situation 5 ( insert)

3.5.1 Environment/Place
3.5.2 People

3.5.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives

3.5.4 Interactions

3.5.5 Problems/Opportunities found

3.5.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations

3.5.6.1 Description

3.5.6.2 Issue Found

3.5.6.3 Technology

3.5.6.4 Solution

3.6 Situation 6 (insert )

3.6.1 Environment/Place

3.6.2 People

3.6.3 Tasks/Activities/Objectives

3.6.4 Interactions

3.6.5 Problems/Opportunities found

3.6.6 Proposed Ubicomp Implementations

3.6.6.1 Description
3.6.6.2 Issue Found

3.6.6.3 Technology

3.6.6.4 Solution

4 Critical Reflection
4.1 Critical Reflection 1 (Bana Maher Ali Qubbej)

We decided to study ubiquitous computing in the transport sector after careful

deliberation and debate with the group members. It is impossible to overstate how important
transportation is to a nation's or region's socioeconomic standing. Any mobility disruption causes
significant time and money losses. We each came up with two scenarios for transportation based
on this sector as our focal point of investigation. Each person examined the scenarios, pinpointed
the trouble spots, and offered ideas for potential solutions.

This task was extremely participatory and enlightening. The challenges that ubiquitous
computing has managed to address in the past, is currently tackling, and will continue to solve in
the future are simply mind-blowing due to its endless possibilities and performances. We are
truly looking at a time in the future when people would not be constrained by their disabilities in
their access to or usage of infrastructure like highways or other social facilities. Thanks to
ubiquitous computing, we are staring at a future where issues are identified and solved before
they arise.
 The lack of scholarly materials that adequately handle particular aspects of ubiquitous
computing was one of the problems this research ran into. Very few of the materials focused on
the specifics; the majority were general studies on the subject. There was a dearth of knowledge
regarding the potential of these applications for those that focused on the particular components.
The majority of the information was also fairly dated. I noticed a need for additional research on
the subject in this changing technological environment. However, the few academic sources that
provided a thorough examination of the particular circumstances were thoroughly investigated.

I now recognize the value of teamwork after participating in this collaborative

assignment. Along with the members' extensive information sharing, it has also taught me how
to work with others to accomplish a project. Because everyone had a specific assignment that
needed to be completed by a certain date, it has also kept me on my toes. Evidently, there is no
room for complacency because the task will not be completed as planned if one individual does
not complete their portion of the work. Indeed, when people cooperate and work together,
tremendous things can be accomplished.

400 word to 350 word

4.2 Critical Reflection 2 (Andre)
4.3 Critical Reflection 3 (Chow Chien)
5 References

Fangli Liu, Huansheng Ning, Huiping Yang, Zhiqiang Xu, Yu Cong, “RFID-based EPC System
and Information Services in Intelligent Transportation System”, 6th International
Conference on ITS Telecommunications Proceedings, 2006. [13] Allaby, P. Hellinga,B.

Lee, H., “A Study on ITS in Domestic and Advanced Countries, ETRI Journal, Vol. 14, No. 2,
1999. [4] TranSystems corp., “Statewide Transit Intelligent Transportation Systems
Deployment Plan, Iowa Department of Transportation, May 2002.

Ministry of Construction & Transportation, http://www.moct.go.kr

Road Traffic Safety Authority, http://www.rtsa.co.kr

Shea, S. (2019, October 30). pervasive computing (ubiquitous computing). IoT Agenda.
https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/pervasive-computing-ubiquitous-
computing

Susar, D., & Aquaro, V. (2019, April). Artificial intelligence: Opportunities and challenges for
the public sector. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and
Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 418-426).

WinRFID A Middleware for the enablement of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based
Applications, B.S. Prabhu, X. Su, H. Ramamurthy, C-C, R. Graph. In Mobile, Wireless
and Sensor Networks: Technology, Application and Future Directions, Eds. Rajeev
Shorey, et al., John Wiley, 2006, 313-338.

Xiao, L., & Wang, Z. (2011). Internet of things: A new application for intelligent traffic
monitoring system. Journal of networks, 6(6), 887.

Zhou, H., Liu, B., & Wang, D. (2012). Design and research of urban intelligent transportation
system based on the internet of things. In Internet of Things (pp. 572-580). Springer,
Berlin, Heidelberg.