Electrical and Electronic Technology II

电工电子技术 II

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics

 Contents

n Dynamic Element and Circuit

n Inductor and Inductance

n Capacitor and Capacitance

Electrical and Electronic Technology 2

 Goals

n Know and use the VCR of inductors

n Know and use the VCR of capacitors

n Calculate the energy for inductor and capacitor

n Capacitors and inductors in series and parallel

n Ability to determine the initial values of circuits

Electrical and Electronic Technology 3

 Dynamic Element

n Resistor:
l VCR of terminals is a linear algebraic

equation;

l VCR is “instantaneous” or “memoryless”;

l Static element.

Electrical and Electronic Technology 4

 Dynamic Element

n Inductor and Capacitor :

l VCR is a differential or integral equation;

l VCR is “historical” or “memorial”;

l Dynamic elements.

Electrical and Electronic Technology 5

 Inductor and Capacitor
n An inductor is an electrical component that
opposes any change in electrical current

n A capacitor is an electrical component that consists of

two conductors separated by an insulator or dielectric
material.
n Energy can be stored in both magnetic
and electric fields
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 Inductor and Inductance

n Inductor is an energy storing device;

n For ideal Inductor:
di  t 
u t   L
dt
n Reference voltage and
current defined with
passive sign convention

Electrical and Electronic Technology 7

Special Notes for Inductors

n If the current is constant, then voltage =?

di  t 
u t   L =0
dt

n If the current changes instantaneously, then

voltage =?
nimpossible

di  t  i (t   t )  i (t )
u t   L = L lim =
dt t   t

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 Inductor and Inductance
di  t  u  t  dt  Ldi  t 
u t   L
dt
u  t  dt it  1 t
di  t  
L
it0  dt  L t0 u  t  dt
1 t
i  t    u  t  dt  i  t0 
L t0
n Let t0 = 0
1 t
i  t    u  t  dt  i  0 
L 0
Electrical and Electronic Technology 9
 Power Equation

n Power:
di  t 
p  t   u  t  i  t   Li  t 
dt

p t   u t  i t 
1 t 
 u  t    u  t  dt  i  0  
L 0 

Electrical and Electronic Technology 10

 Energy Equation

n Energy:
t di   
t
w  t    p   d    Li    d
  d
t 1 2 1 2
  Li    di     Li  t   Li   
 2 2
1 2
 Li  t   0
2

Electrical and Electronic Technology 11

 Inductor – Four Equations
di  t 
u t   L
dt
1 t
i  t    u  t  dt  i  0 
L 0

di  t 
p  t   Li  t 
dt
1 2
w  t   Li  t 
2
Electrical and Electronic Technology 12
 Inductors in Series

n
u  t    uk t 
 n

 Leq   Lk
k 1

 n  di  t 
   Lk   k 1
 k 1  dt i  0   i   0 
di  t  
 Leq
dt
Electrical and Electronic Technology 13
 Inductors in Parallel

n
i  t    ik  t   1 n
 1 
k 1
   
n
 n 1
  ik  0     
t   Leq k 1  Lk 
u   d 
 k 1 Lk
t0
k 1  n
i 0  i 0
    k  
t
 i  0    Leq u   d
t0
k 1

Electrical and Electronic Technology 14

 Capacitor and Capacitance

n Capacitor is a charge storing device;

n For ideal capacitor:
du  t 
i t   C
dt
n Reference voltage and
current defined with
passive sign convention

Electrical and Electronic Technology 15

Special Notes for Capacitors

n If the voltage across the terminals is constant,

then current =?
du  t 
i t   C 0
dt
n If the voltage changes instantaneously, then
current =?
n impossible
du  t  u (t   t )  u (t )
i t   C = C lim =
dt t   t

Electrical and Electronic Technology 16

 Capacitor and Capacitance

du  t  i  t  dt  Cdu  t 
i t   C
dt
t 1 u t 
1
i  t  dt  du  t  t0 C i  t dt  u t0  dt
C
1 t
u  t    i  t dt  u t 0 
C t0

n Let t0 = 0
1 t
u  t    i  t dt  u  0 
C 0
Electrical and Electronic Technology 17
 Power Equation

n Power:
du  t 
p  t   u  t  i  t   Cu  t 
dt

p t   u t  i  t 
1 t 
   i  t dt  u  0   i  t 
C 0 

Electrical and Electronic Technology 18

 Energy Equation
n Energy:
t
w  t    p   d 


t du    t
  Cu    d    Cu    du   
 d 

1 2 1 2
 Cu  t   Cu   
2 2
1 2
 Cu  t   0
2
Electrical and Electronic Technology 19
 Capacitor – Four Equations

du  t 
i t   C
dt
1 t
u  t    i  t dt  u  0 
C 0
du  t 
p  t   Cu  t 
dt
1 2
w  t   Cu  t 
2
Electrical and Electronic Technology 20
 Homework
HW Page 188: 5.1, 5.2

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 Thank you

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