FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IM110)

MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (UITM)

CAMPUS MACHANG, KELANTAN

ACCESS TO INFORMATION IMD124

 Bibliographical Services and Utilities
 National and International Organization Involved in Bibliographic Control Activities
DUE DATE: WEEK 8

PREPARED FOR: -
MADAM ZAILA BINTI IDRIS

CLASS: -
D1IM1102E

PREPARED BY: -
STUDENT NAME MATRIC NUMBER
NURFARAH HANIS BINTI ABDUL BASAR 2020451022
ZULAIKHA ZAMIRA BINTI ABIDIN 2020488514

Page | 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamualaikum w.b.t. this can be to acknowledge all those while not whom this project
wouldn't be a reality. Firstly, we might want to give thanks our Access to data Lecturer
Madam Zaila Binti Idris who gave her large support, dedicated her time towards it and
created us perceive the way to create this project. while not her guidance, the project would
not have been complete.

The matter contained in it's been wide taken from the internet. whereas we have a
tendency to were getting ready for this project, numerous information that we found helped
us in chapter 1: Access to data and we are glad that we were ready to complete this project
and perceive several things. Through the preparation of this project was large learning
expertise and that we inculcated many personal qualities throughout this method like
responsibility, punctuality, confidence and others.

We might wish to give thanks to our lecturer who supported us all the time, cleared our
doubts and our folks who conjointly contend an enormous role within the finalisation of our
project file. we have a tendency to are taking this chance to acknowledge their support and
we want that they keep supporting us like this within the future.

A project may be a bridge between theoretical and sensible learning and with this
thinking, we have a tendency to worked on the project and created it victorious thanks to the
timely support and efforts of all who facilitated us.

Once again, we might wish to give thanks to our classmates and our friends conjointly for
his or her encouragement and help in coming up with and creating our project creative. we
have a tendency to are in debt of all these. Solely attributable to them we were ready to
produce our project and create it a good and pleasant experience.

Page | 2
TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENT.............................................................................................................3
SECTION A:..............................................................................................................................5
1. AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INFORMATION SYSTEM (AGRIS).........................5
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................5
HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION..........................................................6
MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES..........................................................................7
PRODUCT OR SERVICES...............................................................................................7
BENEFITS..........................................................................................................................8
FUTURE PLANNING.......................................................................................................9
POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATIONS,
PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)............................................................................................9
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................10
2. WESTERN LIBRARY NETWORK (WLN)................................................................10
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................10
HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION........................................................11
MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES........................................................................12
PRODUCT OR SERVICES.............................................................................................12
BENEFITS........................................................................................................................13
FUTURE PLANNING.....................................................................................................13
POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATIONS,
PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)..........................................................................................14
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................14
SECTION B:............................................................................................................................15
3. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL
ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)............................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................15
HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION........................................................16
MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES........................................................................16
VISION.............................................................................................................................16

Page | 3
 PARTICIPATION OR MEMBERSHIP FROM OTHER BODIES, COUNTRIES,
ASSOCIATIONS OR TYPES OF MEMBERSHIPS......................................................17
PRODUCT OR SERVICES.............................................................................................18
BENEFITS........................................................................................................................19
FUTURE PLANNING.....................................................................................................19
POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATION,
PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)..........................................................................................20
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................20
4. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (LOC)..............................................................................21
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................21
HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION........................................................22
MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES........................................................................22
PRODUCT OR SERVICES.............................................................................................23
BENEFITS........................................................................................................................23
FUTURE PLANNING.....................................................................................................24
POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATION,
PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)..........................................................................................25
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................25
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................26
APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................28

Page | 4
SECTION A:

1. AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INFORMATION SYSTEM (AGRIS)

INTRODUCTION

AGRIS is the International System for Agricultural Science and Technology. It is supported with
the aid of using a massive network of information providers, companions and users. AGRIS is a
database that aggregates bibliographic information, and via this centre information, associated content
material throughout online data structures is retrieved with the aid of using taking benefit of Semantic
Web capabilities. AGRIS is an international public area database with an extra than 12 million
dependent bibliographical data on agricultural technological know-how and technology. It has
become operational in 1975 and the database changed into maintained with the aid of using
Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development, and its content material is
furnished with the aid of using extra than a hundred and fifty taking part establishments from sixty-
five countries. The AGRIS Search device permits scientists, researchers and college students to carry
out state-of-the-art searches for the use of key phrases from the AGROVOC thesaurus, unique
magazine titles or names of countries, establishments, and authors.

Figure 1 AGRIS website

Page | 5
HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION

In the closing decade, Semantic Web technology has delivered modifications into the
manner dependent information is published, shared and fed on at the Web. The Web has
come to be an effective bedrock in which rising online programs use it as an infrastructure to
exchange, question and hyperlink semantically associated information and information. In
order to take gain the prowess of the rising Web, many repositories have followed connected
information concepts making the imaginative and prescient of a semantic Web of information
a reality. Over time, essential roles of connected open information (LOD) have emerged:
eating and publishing information, thereby facilitating innovation and wider information
introduction and sharing. The precept of connected information has been drastically defined
in courses and books. There are nevertheless demanding situations confronted in browsing,
analysing, reusing and eating connected information with the aid of using the studies
network, Semantic Web network and policymakers. The principal fallacy 1 of those rising
technology is they count on connectivity to information repositories and entity decision
offerings are constantly online and available.

In the rural domain, the Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS) Team of
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has taken benefit of the
opportunities of LOD in making agricultural statistics, statistics and know-how accessible.
Often-mentioned examples encompass the e-book of AGROVOC as a related statistics set,
and the AGRIS database and application. AGRIS (the International System for Agricultural
Science and Technology) is an initiative that become installed in 1974 through the FAO to
make agricultural studies statistics discoverable and globally available. Since then AGRIS
has been accumulating from greater than one hundred fifty statistics companies placed in
greater than sixty-five countries. AGRIS collects and disseminates bibliographic statistics on
scholarly and medical guides in agriculture and associated subjects.

AGRIS nowadays is an ‘international public good’, constructed and maintained through a

massive network of statistics companies, companions and customers. This is primarily based
totally on overarching principles. Firstly, that AGRIS presents the entire centre get admission
to statistics in which customers are allowed to download and use the content material
difficulty to a suitable use policy. Secondly, customers are invited to present thoughts on the
improvement of AGRIS and its imagination and prescient thru e-consultations, stakeholder
meetings, personal surveys and feedback. This paper will in brief evaluate the current trends

Page | 6
in AGRIS and description the present-day technical implementations. The goal of this paper
is to expose the responsiveness of AGRIS to the network (clients’) wishes and assessment the
stairs main to the technical improvement and destiny course of AGRIS.

MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES

AGRIS’ challenge is to enhance the accessibility of agricultural statistics to be had at the

Web via way of means of keeping and improving AGRIS, a bibliographic repository for
repositories associated with agricultural studies, selling the alternate of not unusual place
requirements and methodologies for bibliographic statistics and enriching the AGRIS know-
how via way of means of linking it to different applicable assets at the Besides that, it's
imaginative and prescient is to be a responsive carrier to its consumer desires via way of
means of facilitating contributions and remarks concerning the AGRIS middle know-how
base, AGRIS’s destiny and its non-stop development.

Its fundamental goal is to enhance get entry to an alternate of statistics associated with
agricultural studies. It serves the statistics desires of evolved and growing nations and has
created a spirit of partnership because it works with all its customers and helps their studies
desires. This makes AGRIS greater than an easy repository of data, it additionally works as a
network. In a collaborative approach, it connects greater than a hundred and fifty
establishments from sixty-five nations.

PRODUCT OR SERVICES

AGRIS these days play a critical position as an International indexing and Digital
Repositories with the bibliographic and complete-textual content database. Recently aside
from AGRIS, a few different area kinds of literature in its databases include Forestry, Aquatic
Science, Human Nutrition Science, Food Technology, Horticulture and so on.

Now it includes grey literature in addition to unpublished medical and technical reviews,
thesis and convention proceedings. More apparently nevertheless approximately 20% of facts
or hyperlink gives complete-textual content via its clean open-supply and established XML.
Recently they're additionally going to consist of the Bibliographical facts of National and
International Journals of growing international locations for the betterment of the involved

Page | 7
network. Today AGRIS has set up as Digital Library and AGROVOC thesaurus. CIARD is
the modern centres of the AGRIS network with a brand new vision. Now up to date, online
AGROC is to be had via its devoted website.

AGRIS has additionally applied a cross-language seek facility, permitting customers to

search for facts of their personal language, retrieving effects in all to be had languages.
According to Celli, this selection has important advantages. Users can seek in each language
and retrieve applicable literature in English, a language that gives the widest sort of facts.
When there aren't any effects in a selected language, customers can also additionally locate
applicable effects in an extensive variety of different languages. Celli has written an editorial
explaining this facility (see hyperlink—Sources).

In the context of European facts, AGRIS has applied a technique that discovers internet
sources for agriculture, assigning a semantics that makes use of the AGROVOC thesaurus,
linking again to AGRIS records. This allows the carrier to intelligently advocate related
sports to precise subjects of hobby to the end-user.

Returning to AGRIS’ astounding carrier for agriculture, it supplies up to eight million

multilingual bibliographic references. It has 31,000 books, can get entry to 286,000
convention papers, gives five million magazine articles and indicates upwards of 62,000
theses. Overall it currently gives 1. three million hyperlinks incomplete textual content and
has facts from extra than a hundred and fifty associate enterprises throughout the globe. This
is a precious device for researchers and graduate’s college students seeking out references
and bibliographies. Librarians and cataloguers hyperlink to AGRIS alongside magazine
publishers and convention organisers. AGRIS additionally responds to authority’s officials
searching for reviews on precise agricultural subjects.

BENEFITS

AGRIS presents global coverage, imparting customers get admission to a huge quantity of
open facts and these days its information are impressive; 400,000 files from Latin America,
150,000 from Africa, 750,000 from Asia. It presents multilingual content material
overlaying sixty-four languages, with at least 10,000 sources for 26 languages. These had
been visible to fall into the 3 most important regions. The first vicinity is associated with

Page | 8
“Values”, wherein encouragement and help might be derived for shared factors of visions and
techniques for data agricultural control on the national, local and worldwide level. Under
“Complementarity”, the partnership ought to offer a more potent advocacy platform and
inspire collaborative activities, even as presenting a platform for friends to interact. The
ultimate vicinity of benefits, “Effectiveness”, associated with regions along with the broader
effect in their very own work, cost-sharing, economies of scale, and sharing of sources along
with data content material, technical expertise, and capital. Organizations might appearance
to grow productiveness in data control and trade and to triumph over their very own
weaknesses with the aid of using get admission to complementary expertise. At a technical
level, effectiveness might be superior with the aid of using the improvement and alertness of
not unusual place standards, methodologies and gear for agricultural data control.

FUTURE PLANNING

As to the focal point of its bibliographic references, the area concentrates on agriculture,
forestry, animal husbandry, aquatic sciences and fisheries, and human nutrition. Beyond
those specialisms, it interlinks to different varieties of records associated with its essential
fields of expertise, which include statistics, maps and profiles.

POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATIONS,

PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)

Therefore, the design and development of AGRIS still is an important challenge.

Continuous update of indexing in all the field is really tough enough. Thus, The AGRIS,
‘Available, Accessible and Application’ is really challenging due to the larger scope and
periphery of Agricultural Sciences. Information Systems Architecture needs rigorous
medication and up-dating. Moreover, the difficulties to access the original documents, due to
huge data and independent systems with structural and institutional constraints is an emerging
issue. After that, decentralised data processing and capacity building at the national level is a
crucial task. Last but not least, AGROVOC is a comprehensive multilingual agricultural
thesaurus, so it needs several efforts.

Page | 9
CONCLUSION

In the nutshell, AGRIS seeks to be a technological provider that embraces the related open
facts technology at the same time as persevering to be a provider applicable to its clients.
This paper establishes that AGRIS is an international proper, in that it's miles clearly
international in phrases of facts contribution and access, and additionally a public proper in
that it's miles built, maintained and responds to its network of partners, facts providers, and
users. AGRIS has been a bedrock for some of the semantic tools (as exhibited via way of
means of the SemaGrow project) but additionally presents a gateway to clinical studies in
Agriculture, Science and Technology. Semantic Web capabilities have afforded AGRIS the
capacity to keep to be ‘the’ portal in Agriculture, Science and Technology for students,
researchers and policymakers at the same time as on the equal time continuously imparting
new and treasured offerings to the network in a dynamic and converting world.

2. WESTERN LIBRARY NETWORK (WLN)

INTRODUCTION

WLN is the simplest community or application that opinions its individual's unique
cataloguing for adherence to cataloguing guidelines and MARC layout requirements earlier
than the facts input the database. This paper makes a speciality of Network degree
evaluation at WLN. It first seems on the origins of the evaluation procedure and the way it
has advanced with the boom of the Network. Secondly, it examines the evaluation procedure
itself, the way it works in real practice. The stability among enforcement of bibliographic
requirements and customer support are discussed. Several examples of personal facts are
covered to demonstrate the troubles that the WLN evaluate a team of workers usually.

Page | 10
 Figure 2 Library of Congress website

HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The Western Library Network (WLN) presently has almost three hundred individuals
contributing modern-day or retrospective cataloguing records. About two hundred extra
libraries have to get entry to WINs holdings via search-best to get entry to or buy of the
Resource Directory or Laser Cat. WLNs member libraries are in Washington, Oregon,
Alaska, Montana, Idaho, Canada, and Arizona. The biggest individuals consist of the Seattle
Public Library, Washington State University, Portland State University, the University of
Alaska, and the University of Idaho. Other pretty massive member libraries consist of the
Washington State Library, King County Library System, the University of Montana, Montana
State University, Boise State University, and the Idaho State Library. The relaxation of the
club includes small to medium-sized academic, public, school, and unique libraries. 2 three
WLN commenced in 1977 because of the Washington Library Network. It is a department of
the Washington State Library in Olympia, in which its workplaces are. The WLNs computer
systems are within side the Washington State University Computer Centre in Pullman. While
WLN has accelerated past the borders of Washington State to grow to be the main software
within side the Pacific Northwest, it has remained nearby in place of a countrywide network.
WLN gives cataloguing, acquisitions, interlibrary loan, union listing, retrospective

Page | 11
conversion, agreement cataloguing, microfiche catalogue production, in addition to CD-ROM
and microfiche variations of its database. The WLN database has about 4,000,000 records.

MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES

WLN presents an extensive variety of innovative, excessive great technical and database
offerings to public libraries, K- 12, college, university, corporate, legal, and clinical libraries
in addition to different establishments during North America and abroad. WLNs union
catalogue consists of over eleven million bibliographic statistics and over 22 million nearby
library holdings.

PRODUCT OR SERVICES

WLNs best energy might be its first-rate software program which permits name keyword
searching, concern searching, concern browsing, and the show of neighbourhood holdings
online. The connected headings document permits international updates and corrections to
call and concern headings. Human intervention and device matching algorithms save you the
prevalence of maximum reproduction facts. The consumer can also additionally select to
show facts in complete MARC layout, card layout or a quick show. These matters permit
WLN to behave as a neighbourhood online catalogue and make it the fine of the 3 primary
utilities for reference use.

The Linked Systems Project (LSP) is directed toward imposing pc‐to‐pc communications
amongst its individuals. The authentic 3 individuals are the Library of Congress (LC), the
Research Libraries Group (RLG), and the Western Library Network (WLN, previously the
Washington Library Network). The task now has a fourth player, the Online Computer
Library Centre (OCLC). LSP includes primary components. The first component, Authorities
Implementation, is defined in Library Hi Tech difficulty 10. The 2nd component, the
Standard Network Interconnection (SNI), is the specification of the LSP protocols, and the
implementation of those protocols at the player systems. Protocol specification changed into
a joint attempt of the authentic 3 individuals (LC, RLG, and WLN) and changed into defined
in Library Hi Tech difficulty 10. Implementation, however, now has consisted of the personal
efforts of the 4 individuals. This 4‐component document makes a speciality of those person
implementation efforts.

Page | 12
BENEFITS

The blessings of WLN encompass exquisite seek software. Next, the nearby retaining
display. In addition, use for reference work. It additionally has an exquisite procurement
device and the capacity to preserve nearby ties.

WLN is an exquisite cataloguing application for a small public or instructional library.

The database is big sufficient to include a completely excessive percentage of the fabric
obtained with the aid of using smaller libraries, and the reviewing of unique cataloguing with
the aid of using WIN personnel is geared towards smaller libraries that might not have the
cataloguing equipment observed in a bigger library.

FUTURE PLANNING

Networks which includes the Western Library Network (WLN) have confronted an ever-
developing wide variety of demanding situations to their viability. These encompass growing
telecommunications prices and growing nearby processing power. WLN has answered those
demanding situations in numerous ways. WLN will hold to provide an excessive-quality,
centrally maintained database, with a unique emphasis on offering a correct connected
authority file. In addition, sell this goal, a Cataloguing/Inputting Service and Sample Review
application for unique cataloguing enter via way of means of individuals were implemented.
Service vicinity regulations were eliminated to inspire using WLN for the duration of the
West and beyond. Finally, WLN has advanced Laser cat, a CD-ROM primarily based totally
catalogue containing over one 1/2 of the WLN database.

In addition, WLN wishes to take away carrier vicinity restriction. Access and enter to
WLN’s database and its product are actually to be had in all libraries. WLN intends to
consciousness on its attempt in western states, will now recall requests for carrier irrespective
of the library’s geographical location. This selection can be thoroughly bringing out a big
increase for WLN’s database. In the close to term, however, extra great use of the database
and product primarily based totally on upon it is going to be the possible result.

Looking at the extent and length of efforts given which can be required to adopt this sort
of large assignment, it's far higher to absorb a have a look at so that it will bring about a

Page | 13
prototype product. This will assist to apprehend the capability requirements, procedures and
mainly that still prices worried in the challenge this assignment in a real-time environment.
To realize the consumer view of numerous statistics offerings with an internet that primarily
based totally on inter-face, the kinds of statistics required to be made handy so that it will
encompass internally generated databases, online offerings both internally run or externally
bought databases such as CD-ROMs.

POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATIONS,

PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)

From its inception, WLN has emphasised database quality. Initially, the attempt targeted
an intensive assessment of all of the authentic cataloguing enter through the member libraries.
The small quantity of library worried about making this possible and there have been
nonetheless team of workers’ time that to be had for essential renovation sports at the
authority file. As the club and documents grew, however, it has become more and more
quantity tough to hold each duty at a suitable level. Further, the club already made it pretty
clear that their number one subject changed into a faulty authority file. After all, best
statistics intended little if get right of entry to have become much less reliable.

Besides, this system WLN was completed additionally make WLN performed goals in its
efforts to preserve database quality. First, turnaround time in assessment progressed
dramatically. A player enter report is reviewed and usually, they attain the databases inside
the identical week as its enter. Secondly, this system additionally lets WLN to consciousness
extra interest in the renovation of the authority file. Most of the time is now shared through
all members, spent retaining the get right of entry to factors as correct and constant as
feasible they are able to do.

CONCLUSION

The beyond a couple of years had been years of extrude for the Western Library Network,
and greater modifications are being planned. The online bibliographic community has grown
in size, modified its call and made the transition to microcomputers. All the while, the

Page | 14
community has controlled to keep the integrity of its authority control, the characteristic
which attracts and holds a lot of WLNs.

SECTION B:

3. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL

ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)

INTRODUCTION

UNESCO focuses on establishing the conditions for dialogue, focused on respect for
shared principles between civilizations, cultures and communities. It is through this dialogue,
that the world will be able to pursue global visions of sustainability including respect for
human rights, respect for each other and poverty alleviation, both of which are central to the
UNESCO mission and activities. All the UNESCO policies and programs are underpinned by
its wide-ranged priorities and specific targets – as laid down in the globally agreed goals for
progress, including the MDGs. Thus, the special skills of UNESCO in education, research,
culture, collaboration and information contribute to the fulfilment of these objectives
(Clayson, 2017).

Figure 3 UNESCO website

Page | 15
HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION

In 1942, during the war, the governments of the countries of Europe that faced Nazi
Germany and its allies gathered for the Conference of Allied Education Ministers in the
United Kingdom (CAME). But those nations searched for ways and means to rebuild their
education system until peace was restored. The Second World War was not over. The project
gathered popularity very rapidly and eventually became universal. New countries have agreed
to participate, like the United States. A United Nations Conference was held in London from
1 to 16 November 1945 on the initiative of CAME to set up an educational and cultural
association (ECO/CONF). On the opening of the meeting, the war had hardly ended. It
brought together leaders of 44 countries who wanted to create a peaceful culture organization.
The new organisation has to build in its sights the "intellectual and moral unity of humanity"
and avoid a fresh outbreak of world war. UNESCO was born on 16 November 1945 in the
field of education, science and culture. UNESCO has 195 Members and eight Associate
Members and the General Conference and the Executive Council are governed by UNESCO.
The Secretariat shall execute the decisions of all bodies, headed by the Director-General. The
organization with its headquarters in Paris has over 50 local branches around the world
(UNESCO, 2018).

MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES

The role of UNESCO is to contribute, through education, research, culture, connectivity

and knowledge, to building peace, eradicating poverty, sustainable development, and
intercultural dialogue. In fact, the Organization concentrates on two global goals. UNESCO
focuses on establishing the conditions for dialogue, focused on respect for shared principles
between civilizations, cultures and communities. It is by means of this dialogue, that the
world will pursue worldwide visions of sustainable development that include respect for
human rights, shared respect and poverty alleviation (Sassa, 2017).

VISION

Page | 16
 Governments' political and economic structures are not enough to ensure the people's
sustained and honest support. Unity ought to be based on shared awareness and consultation.
The intellectual and spiritual unity of mankind must be founded upon harmony and
intolerance as global citizens. UNESCO aims to ensure the standard of education for every
child and every resident. UNESCO reinforces the ties between nations through the protection
of cultural heritage and the equal equality of all cultures. As a forum for growth and
collaboration, UNESCO fosters science programs and policies. UNESCO is a constitutional
right and fundamental condition of democracy and development and stands up for freedom of
speech. UNESCO encourages countries to follow common norms as a laboratory for
innovations and maintains projects to facilitate the free exchange of information and
expertise. The founding vision of UNESCO came into being as a result of a world war
characterized by racial and anti-Semitic brutality. The UNESCO mandate remains as
important as ever after seventy years, and a number of independence movements later.
Cultural diversity is being confronted and new manifestations of intolerance, scientific reality
are being denied and freedom of speech is being challenged. UNESCO is obliged to reiterate
humanist educational, scientific and cultural missions (Benavot, 2018).

PARTICIPATION OR MEMBERSHIP FROM OTHER BODIES, COUNTRIES,

ASSOCIATIONS OR TYPES OF MEMBERSHIPS

UNESCO has 193 Member States and 11 associate members since January 2020. As of
January 2010. For some of their dependent regions, some participants have additional
National Organizing Committees (NOCs). The members of the organization are non-
independent nations. The Member States of UNESCO are not the UN Member States: The
United Nations island of Cook, Niue and Palestine is a non-Member State Observer since
November 29, 2012, while three member states of the United Nations (Israel, Liechtenstein,
USA, UNESCO) have been not members of UNESCO. The executive board of UNESCO
approved Kosovo for membership in 2015, but at the general assembly, the request did not
obtain 2/3 in votes of support. The conditions for a state to become a member of the United
Nations may change. Many of the Alliance of World War II countries that either signed the
UN Declarations in 1942 order attended the establishment of the United Nations Conference
in San Francisco were originally members of the Organization of 51. According to standards
and procedures defined by the Charter and rules of procedure, both the General Assembly

Page | 17
and the Security Council, the remaining 142 members were approved as members. The
following is listed and can, in some situations, overlap examples of the conditions in which
these States gained membership of the United Nations (Irish, 2017).

The initial 51 UN members included some members, often referred to as established

states; they were added to it later though. For example, Barbados, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Nigeria
and Tunisia will be included. Other representatives are separate states of divided states. The
such States, separated due to the East-West war, generally became part of the United Nations
after separation or reunification was established for the demands of the different sides. 11
For example, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Federal Democratic Republic of North
and South Korea and the Republic of Vietnam. After the separation or division of a country
still a member of the U.N. some participants were permitted. The seceding body requested
membership in those circumstances. For example, partitions from Pakistan, India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Latvia and Lithuania will be accepted as new members of the United Nations
after the Soviet Union has broken down. Two current Member States have merged in some
ways. The procedure for the admission of such Members was versatile in practice; the newly
fused states had no need to reapply. Eastern and West Germany are examples. Yemen and
Germany the Democratic People's Republic of Yemen, Arab Republic in mid 1960s, a nation,
Indonesia, withdrew and returned to the UN. The retreat was viewed as 'temporary' 'inactive'
membership by the General Assembly and the Security Council, which terminated
collaboration with the Organization, not the membership of the government. Indonesia was
invited by the Assembly and the Council to 'reactivate' its membership at any time. In the
end, Indonesia entered the association without filing for membership again (Drawn, 2018).

PRODUCT OR SERVICES

The original focus of UNESCO was on the reconstruction of schools, libraries and
museums damaged by Europe after the Second World War. From then on, it has been largely
supportive, aiming to help, promote and supplement the Member States' national efforts to
abolish analphabetism and expand free schooling. UNESCO aims to promote the free
exchange of ideas and information through seminars, clearinghouses and exchanges. At the
beginning of the 1950s, UNESCO started to dedicate more money to the UN, including
hunger, high rates of analphabetism, and underdevelopment, as many less-developed

Page | 18
countries participated. In the 1980s, the United States and other countries blamed UNESCO
for its perceived anti-Western stance and continued budget growth. In 1984, the USA has
withdrawn from the agency and one year after, the United Kingdom and Singapore withdrew.
In 1997, the UK joined UNESCO following the Labor Party's victory followed by the United
States and Singapore. UNESCO decided to officially join Palestine in 2011. After the vote,
the United States declared that, because of congressional law prohibiting the funding of all
UN agencies admitting Palestine to be full Member, it would no longer pay duties to the
organization. The U.S. surrendered its voting rights in the UNESCO in 2013 because of the
overdue fees. In 2017, U.S. authorities declared that at the end of 2018, the United States will
leave UNESCO again in citing "anti-Israelis" and the scale of U.S. arrears. Israel
simultaneously resigned from the association (UNESCO, 2018).

BENEFITS

UNESCO focuses on children, and the reduction of poverty starts with children and items
to improve their quality of life, as UNICEF reiterates. Education is one of the most crucial
elements, and UNESCO is helping people around the world to develop it (UNESCO, 2017).

FUTURE PLANNING

The slogan for worldwide educational planners and particularly for the IIEP may be to
prepare for a better future in the world as it is now. Educational planning is, by course,
imaginative and realistic, rather than merely technological and mechanical, and it is the only
way to make a change in the real-world constraint of what lies ahead. Education has a
strategy and management component that makes the transition from ambition to practice
feasible. Ever been at the forefront of advancement in education planning since its inception
more than half a century ago, when the design of the plan progressed from structured, one-
time, rigid practice to a continuous, open, multi-centred operation. The Institute has evolved
broader policy/management aspects and participatory approach while keeping its emphasis on
key techniques to measure requirements and budget capital over time. The vision is based on
a shared belief that education is a fundamental human right and a common global good. No
boy, young person or adult should be exempt from learning opportunities to live decently and
to enjoy their rights, and help in public life. The future with affordable learning experiences
for economic growth and peace for all young people. Aware that the sustainable development
goals. It will address its initiatives at the national level with a "whole of government"

Page | 19
strategy, ensuring that its work in education leads to coherent cross-sector policies and
planning (UNESCO, 2018).

POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATION,

PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)

Worldwide, 250 million children are estimated to lack the basic skills required to meet
their full potential and enjoy a decent life. Many nations today have difficulties providing
universal services. However, it is important to maintain high-level schooling for all,
expanding the number of students alone cannot fix the issue. There are also growing
differences between public and private education. If this is not addressed, greater injustice
and uncertainty will occur. Educational planning and management are essential for student
improvement, as they contribute to optimum success and form the basis for enhanced policy
in school systems. While more statistics on learning evaluation than ever before are
available, so frequently they are not used to explain the variables influencing learning
outcomes effectively. Support the optimal use of planning and administration of learning
appraisal data (UNESCO, 2018).

CONCLUSION

UNESCO will continue to encourage the creation, including landslides, of global, regional
and domestic multi-risk early warning systems; Improve the scientific foundation for the
development of landslide technology and instruments for multi-risk identification and
management strengthen flood potential and surveillance and forecasting of landslides
Enhance the preparedness and response capabilities of schools and local municipalities to
resolve environmental and other disasters; Provide space for strategy. Enhance studies,
partnerships and international scientific collaboration on catastrophe risk reduction for
landslide capability enforcement and work with international partners and cross-sector
collaborators on landslide risk reduction, UNESCO Field Offices. UNESCO Division
Centers and Chairs on catastrophe risk reduction. UNESCO Category Centers. The 16th ICL
and 12th IPL Global Promotion Committee, to be held at UNESCO headquarters in Paris
from November 2016, will be debating an action plan for the Sendai Collaborations. The
action plan will be implemented with the concurrent assistance of UNESCO.

Page | 20
 4. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (LOC)

INTRODUCTION

Automation is a major contribution to the library's unparalleled rates of progress between

1954 and 1975. In the course of its initial development, the Library procurement and
cataloguing systems were developed abroad. The Library holdings rose from 10 million to 17
million volumes, from 1,600 to 4,500 employees and annual appropriations from 9,5 million
to 16 million dollars during the 21 years presided over by Congress Quincy. In 1958, the
library launched plans for a third main building on Capitol Hill, along with Congress and the
Office of the Architect of the Capitol. Librarian understood the need to balance the statutory
and national responsibilities of the library during its service. In 1962, he strongly advocated
the Agency's legislative branch in response to criticism that, if the Library of Congress was
moved to the executive branch of state from the legislative branch, the national science
library's best interests could be fulfilled. Congress provides more functions for national
libraries than any other national library (Thomas, 2018).

Page | 21
 Figure 4 Library of Congress website

HISTORY OR BACKGROUND INFORMATION

This authentic article and time-frame observed had been primarily based totally on entries
through Congress Librarian John Y. Cole, with an explanatory word through Congress
librarian Carla D. Hayden, within side the American Greatest Library: An Illustrated History
of Congress Library. In collaboration with D Giles Limited, London the e-book changed into
posted through the Library of Congress in overdue 2017. For America's founding generation,
books and libraries had been important. Any of the pioneers underwent lively conventional
training. It follows, then, that maximum of the brand new Congressmen, who first met in
New York City, subsidized up through aroused readers in Philadelphia. Congress had to get
entry to substantial libraries in each city: The New York Society Library and Philadelphia
Free Library. In 1800 President John Adams signed an act of congress, which covered books
on congress use the start of the Library of the Congress, as a part of an act of congress at the
elimination of the New National Government from Philadelphia to Washington. The first
joint committee will offer oversight on a Joint Congressional Committee. President Thomas
Jefferson ratified in 1802 a constitutional settlement that set up the presidential nomination as

Page | 22
Librarian of Congress and gave the Library of Congress a unique reference to the US
Presidency. The new Library rescue came about after the struggle is of 1812. It changed into
additionally former President Jefferson, who had retired at Monticello. In 1814, Washington
changed into burning and the northern wing of the Capitol and the small library changed into
destroyed. Congress authorized Jefferson's inspiration to promote the entire 6,487 books
private series, to restart the library itself. The definition of universality through Jefferson is
the idea for today's Congress Library’s substantial series of policies. In addition, Jefferson's
self-assurance with inside the strength of technological know-how and the sturdy connection
among records and democracy inspired the Library's coverage of sharing as enormous as
feasible its rich, regularly unique collections and services (Jefferson, 2018).

MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES

This authentic article and time-frame observed had been primarily based totally on entries
through Congress Librarian John Y. Cole, with an explanatory word through Congress
librarian Carla D. Hayden, withinside the American Greatest Library: An Illustrated History
of Congress Library. In collaboration with D Giles Limited, London the e-book changed into
posted through the Library of Congress in overdue 2017. For America's founding generation,
books and libraries had been important. Any of the pioneers underwent lively conventional
training. It follows, then, that maximum of the brand new Congressmen, who first met in
New York City, subsidized up through aroused readers in Philadelphia. Congress had to get
entry to substantial libraries in each city: The New York Society Library and Philadelphia
Free Library. In 1800 President John Adams signed an act of congress, which covered books
on congress use the start of the Library of the Congress, as a part of an act of congress at the
elimination of the New National Government from Philadelphia to Washington. The first
joint committee will offer oversight on a Joint Congressional Committee. President Thomas
Jefferson ratified in 1802 a constitutional settlement that set up the presidential nomination as
Librarian of Congress and gave the Library of Congress a unique reference to the US
Presidency. The new Library rescue came about after the struggle is of 1812. It changed into
additionally former President Jefferson, who had retired at Monticello. In 1814, Washington
changed into burning and the northern wing of the Capitol and the small library changed into
destroyed. Congress authorized Jefferson's inspiration to promote the entire 6,487 books
private series, to restart the library itself. The definition of universality through Jefferson is

Page | 23
the idea for today's Congress Librarys substantial series of policies. In addition, Jefferson's
self-assurance withinside the strength of technological know-how and the sturdy connection
among records and democracy inspired the Library's coverage of sharing as enormous as
feasible its rich, regularly unique collections and services (Jefferson, 2018).

PRODUCT OR SERVICES

The Congress Library has a tradition of cataloguing library records, resources and items.
Reproductions of the collections in print and in other broadcast types may also be ordered.
The Library offers resources by online forms and tutorials for researchers in other fields
(Kramer, 2017).

BENEFITS

The rewards package of the library of congresses is built with robust, affordable and
versatile incentive packages to help to balance work and family. A wellness service provides
benefits that include a wide variety of prescription schemes serving qualifying staff, and
workplace fees. The biggest community insurance scheme in the world provides healthcare.
A leave package with time out for the treatment of your personal and wellbeing needs also
has benefits. One of the country's leading pension schemes is the new federal government
pension fund. The versatile, compact scheme has three pensions: a fixed benefit dependent on
the Thrift Savings Plan with years of work and wage experience, and social insurance. For
further information on incentives for recruiting hires visit the Healthcare Registration Office
of Personnel Management (Kramer, 2017).

FUTURE PLANNING

Before this master strategy was put into operation, the Library had been positioned for
new leadership with five major decisions. The library has carried out a major organization,
reorganizing its services and activities with the aim of enhancing IT and other support
functions, improving the distribution of information, combining the management of digital
and analogue collection and providing a stronger service system that will represent the

Page | 24
constituents of the library. A new business unit, National and International Services were
formed under the reorientation. The Library manages its academic, recreational and
interpretive services and its national and international awareness programs and service
charges.

The responsibility for the creation of IT, online servers and archives is also assumed. The
new COO would incorporate the new accounting, fiduciary and other main operating duties
with complete transparency, extract benefit from all dollars spent on the public and make the
best use of the staff of the library. A mechanism to specifically express its goals including
the public with regard to the achievements the Library plans to achieve on the Web is
approaching the conclusion of the Library's existing Web Governance Board. The library has
constructed large digital collections consisting of special, unusual, disparate or unwanted
resources mostly chosen for their significance. As a result, Americans and people around the
world have access to the unparalleled collections of the library. Although the library has
developed innovative workflows and increased the number of platforms for the introduction
and sharing of digital collections, the crucial mission remains significant challenges (Kramer,
2017).

POINTS OF VIEW ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (RECOMMENDATION,

PROBLEMS AND OTHERS)

The problem of space for its vital collections has always been very important in the
library's history. Innovative ideas are constantly pursued by the Library for the proper use of
all its rich resources the physical, the digital and analogue. the library had to housed and
responsibility looks after information in modern formats throughout the 21st century, while
knowledge it gathers continued to expand in old formats. As the Library begins the 2016
fiscal year, a fifth storage module is being installed. Such a building and so on will help
reduce the loss of the library holdings, improve access and ease the urgency of physical
content management. Any future-oriented library strategy must consider a multi-year
expectation of finite capital. The Library's ability to achieve its expected results would be
influenced by the federal fiscal framework. The Library will improve its core resources by
trying to find productivity and cost avoidance opportunities between and within its programs.

Page | 25
The Library will continue to entrust service unit members with the responsibility to track the
success goals of this year and to create new priorities for future years in the implementation
of the 2016 fiscal year before the financial year 2020 strategy plan. As it is of prime
importance to provide the most sensitive service to its constituents, the Library gathers and
analyzes data for its service assessment (Kramer, 2017).

CONCLUSION

More metrics can be used to evaluate results, measure and take best practices between
related organizations into account. The Library will finally explore crucial socio-economic
developments and their possible effect on its future. There are seven main tactics in the
current proposal. Each approach has results that enable the library to assess its performance
level and to implement the necessary measures. Annual action plans improve success and
achievement targets annually.

Page | 26
REFERENCES

Willem, P. (2017, December 5). Bibliographic control. IFLA. https://www.ifla.org/best-

practice-for-national-bibliographic-agencies-in-a-digital-age/node/8911.

Meggiolaro, L., Sorensen, N., Zammit, S., Rusinek, S., Bennema, E., Hentze, K., … Sato, R.
(2017, December 19). AGRIS. LAND PORTAL.
https://www.landportal.org/organization/agris.

Celli, F., Malapela, T., Wegner, K., Subirats, I., Kokoliou, E., & Keizer, J. (2015, May 8).
AGRIS: Providing access to agricultural research data exploiting open data on the web.
Retrieved April 12, 2021, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544375/

Bailey, K. (2017, September 12). AGRIS improves access and exchange of information
related to agricultural research. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from
https://www.godan.info/documents/agris-improves-access-and-exchange-information-
related-agricultural-research#:~:text=AGRIS%20provides%20worldwide%20coverage
%2C%20offering,10%2C000%20resources%20for%2026%20languages.

Benavot, A. (2018). Imagining a Transformed UNESCO with Learning at its Core.

International Journal of Educational Development.

Clayson. (2017). Standing up to natural disasters. UNESCOcontributions to the International

Decade for Natural DisasterReduction .

Drawn. (2018). The Heritage Foundation Issue Brief. The United States Should Withdraw
from UNESCO.

Irish, J. (2017). UNESCO Chief Says Funding Cuts ‘Crippling’ the Organization. Money
Leads UNESCO to Slash Programs and Seek Emergency Aid.

Jefferson. (2018). The Library of Congress, the largest library in the world, is moving
towards a “digital-forward” strategy.

Kramer. (2017). The Library of Congress has published its new strategic plan for the core
library activities.

Page | 27
Sassa. (2017). Sendai Partnership 2015–2025 for globalpromotion of understanding and
reducing landslide disaster risk. Reflections on Recent Personal Experience.

Thomas. (2018). Library of Congress. A discussion of the world's largest library, from the
documentary Volumes to Speak: The Library of Congress.

UNESCO. (2017). Facing the rise of homophobia and working toward equality,Journal of
united state.

UNESCO. (2018). The member countries that aim to articulate and promote their collective
economic interests.General on the Management Strategy.

UNESCO. (2018). Management of Social Transformations.Assembly of the International

Consortium analysis and sustainable disaster management.

UNESCO. (2018). Intergovernmental Oceanogaphic Commission. General Assembly of the

International Consortium.

Bolin, M. K., Force, R., Hanson, D. M., & Steiger, M. L. (1988, April 27). Comparison of
WLN, RUN, and CCLC. Moscow, Idaho.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED296733.pdf.

Wasser, D. (1985, May 1). The Western Library Network. The Electronic Library.
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb044669/full/html?
skipTracking=true.

Page | 28
APPENDICES

Page | 29