Fuel Energy and Environment Lab

Lab Report Group 5

Saybolt Viscometer Apparatus
Group Members:
M. Hamza Riaz
M. Faisal Afridi
M. Hammad Asghar
M. Furqan Rafaqat
M. Muntazir Mehdi
M. Mubashir Ibrahim

Objective:
By performing this experiment, we aim at determining the viscosity of Kerosene at
different Temperatures using Saybolt viscometer apparatus.

Theory:
Viscosity of a fluid is simply defined as the resistance it offers to flow or to a change
in shape, or movement of neighboring portions relative to one another. Viscosity denotes
opposition to flow.

Types:
1. Kinematic viscosity

Formula: K.V = [0.22(t) – (180/t)] (cSt)

Where ‘t’ represents time.

2. Dynamic viscosity

Formula: D.V = K.V * (Density of fluid)

In this experiment, Dynamic viscosity of Kerosene oil as determined by first calculating the
kinematic viscosity by the noted time readings and then multiplying it with the density of
kerosene (from literature). The theoretical dynamic viscosity of kerosene is 1.92 e(-3) at
ambient temperature.

Practical Applications:
Viscosity is an important factor in fields like;

• Inkjet printing
• Proteins formulations and injecting
 • Food and beverages manufacturing
• Spraying
• Surface Coating.

Procedure:
i. Filled the water bath with DMW water upto the 2cm below the open hole.
ii. Insert a cork stopper, the cork shall fit tightly enough to prevent the escape of air, as
evidenced by the absence of oil on the cork when it is withdrawn later as described.
iii. Stir the sample well then strain it through the 150-um(No. 100) wire cloth in the filter
funnel directly into the viscometer until the level is above the overflow rim.
iv. Select the temperature on the viscometer till the temperature of the water bath
reached to
v. the selected temperature.
vi. Check to be sure that the receiving graduated flask is in proper position; then snap the
cork from the viscometer and start the timer at the same instant.
vii. Stop the timer the instant when upper meniscus of the sample reaches the graduation
mark of 60cc on the receiving flask.
viii. Record the efflux time in seconds to the nearest 0.1 s.

Shut-Down Procedure:
i. Turn off the stirrer and power off the supply.
ii. Clean the beaker and sample holding cup.
iii. Empty the viscometer with the DMW.

Observations and Calculations:

Temperature Kinematic Dynamic

Sr No Time(s) Density (g/cm3)
© Viscosity Viscosity

1 22 32.3 0.95 1.533244582 1.456582353

2 26.5 29.84 0.8 0.532628418 0.426102735

3 30 28.9 0.71 0.129626298 0.092034671

Discussions and Conclusion:
This experiment was performed to observe the effect of
Temperature on viscosity. we got to see that viscosity decreases by increasing temperature,
because the density of fluid decreases, due to breakage of bonds between molecules by
increased kinetic energy. Our value might differ from the literature value because of following
errors;
➢ personnel error, as we’re performing it for the first time.
➢ Faulty apparatus.ie., there might be some error in calibration etc.
➢ Error in time recording.