A.

Aneuploidy
B. Karyotyping
C. Introns
D. Exones
E. Translocation
F. Frame shift mutation
G. Trisomy
H. Monosomy
I. Point mutation
J. Chromosomes

For each of the genetic disorders listed above choose the most appropriate
definition from the above list. Each item may be used once, more than once
or not at all.

 Result from the substitution of a single nucleotide base by a different

base
 Result from non-disjunction of a homologous pair of chromosomes at
the first meiotic division
 Transfer of a part of one chromosome to another chromosome
 The study of chromosomes
 Non coding regions in the genome.
 A. PECAM-1
B. ICAM-1
C. Integrin
D. P- selectin
E. E- selectin
F. Chemokines
G. Fibrin
H. Fibronectin
I. Macrophage
J. Neutrophil
K. TNF
L. IL-1
M. Proteoglycan
N. Nitric oxide

Choose the most appropriate inflammatory component from the list above
for each of the descriptions below. You can use the lettered options once
more than once, or not at all.

 A phagocytic cell important in chronic inflammation.

 Selectin important in neutrophil endothelial adhesion.
 A cell surface glycoprotein important in neutrophil transmigration
 A chemical mediator involved in vasodilation produced by endothelial
cells
 A class of chemical mediators that attracts neutrophils to sites of
injury
 A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Superficial vein thrombosis
C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
D. Pulmonary embolism
E. Migratory Thrombophlebitis
F. Varicose veins
G. Arterial thromboembolism
H. Mural thrombosis
I. Marantic thrombosis

All of the following patients have thrombotic problems. Please choose the
most appropriate diagnosis from the above list. Each option may be used
once, more than once or not at all.

 A 58 yrs. old female has a recurrent ulcer over the medial malleolus
which heals very slowly. The base of the ulcer is filled with yellow
slough and the area around it is red and edematous
 A 65 yrs. old male was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He
presented with right sided hemiparesis, and an earlier history of
pulmonary embolism
 A 34 yrs. old female has a history of thyrotoxicosis and atrial
fibrillation. She presented with cerebrovascular accident
 A 65 yrs. old female travelled to China. One day after arrival she
suddenly collapsed and died
 A 32 year old lady develops acute swelling of her left leg 2 days after
postpartum. On examination there tense swelling of the leg and some
deep tenderness over the calf and medial aspect of the thigh.
 A. Trisomy 13
B. Trisomy 16
C. Trisomy 18
D. Trisomy 21
E. Klinefelter syndrome
F. Turner syndrome
G. Trisomy X syndrome
H. 47, XYY syndrome

The Patients below all have a chromosome abnormality, choose the most
appropriate diagnosis from the options, you can use the lettered options
once, more than once, or not at all
61- A healthy 24 year old man who present with a two year history of
involuntary infertility
62- A baby with multiple abnormalities including cleft lip and palate
polydactyly, and a loud heart murmur.
63- A six year old girl with short stature. In infancy she underwent surgery
for correction of coarctation of the aorta
64- A one month old infant with hypotonia, single palmar creases and a
heart murmur
65- A healthy 28 year old woman investigated because of recurrent
miscarriage.
 A. Increased hydrostatic pressure
B. Increased vascular permeability
C. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
E. Sodium retention
F. Pulmonary edema
G. Brain edema
H. Hemorrhage
I. Deep vein thrombosis
J. Pulmonary embolism

For each of the following hemodynamic scenarios select the correct

answer. You can use the lettered options once, more than once, or not at
all

66- A 60 years old man presenting with congestive heart failure

67- A 5 years old boy with nephrotic syndrome
68-A 45 years old female with left breast carcinoma presenting
with left upper limb swelling
69- A 62 years old male with acute renal failure
70- A 60 years old female with liver cirrhosis
 A. Choristoma
B. Adenoma
C. Carcinoma
D. polyp
E. Papilloma
F. Sarcoma
G. mixed tumor
H. Teratoma
I. Hamartoma
J. Cystadenoma

For each of the listed neoplasms select the most appropriate match, each
option may be used once, more than once or not at all

 A benign tumor of glandular origin

 A malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin
 Normal liver tissue in the stomach wall
 Tumor forming finger like projections above surface
 Tumor with components from 3 germ cell layers
 A. Dysplasia
B. Neoplasia
C. Hypoplasia
D. Metaplasia
E. Necrosis
F. Apoptosis
G. Infarction
H. Hypertrophy
I. Atrophy
J. Aplasia
K. Reperfusion

Choose the most appropriate letter from the list above for each of the
description below, you can use the lettered options once, more than once,
or not at all

 Programmed cell death

 This is what happens to the leg calf muscles after a broken leg is
placed in plaster (cast)
 Disordered growth in cells, tissues and organs
 The reason why thrombolytic therapy is given shortly after the onset
of acute myocardial infarction
 Congenital absence of an organ
 A. Apoptosis
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Embolism
E. Fibrosis
F. Hyperplasia
G. Hypertrophy
H. Infarction
I. Metaplasia
J. Metastasis
K. Necrosis
L. Thrombosis

For each of the patients listed below choose the most appropriate
pathological process from the above list. Each item may be used once,
more than once or not at all.
 A 45-year-old man presents with 'acid heartburn'. An endoscopy is
performed at which the lower esophageal mucosa appears red and
velvety. A biopsy taken from this area shows glandular epithelium.
 A 75-year-old man presents with symptoms of urinary outflow
obstruction. Investigations show an enlarged prostate gland.
 A 21-year-old woman sustains a fractured left femur in road traffic
accident (RTA). She requires traction and is bed-bound for several
weeks. On removal of the traction, the left leg is weak and the left
quadriceps is visibly wasted.
 A 32-year-old woman who is taking the oral contraceptive pill boards
a flight from London to San Francisco. On arrival, her right leg feels
uncomfortable. The following day her right calf is swollen and tender.
 A 40-year-old woman has a cervical biopsy following an abnormal
cervical smear. The biopsy shows lack of maturation throughout the
whole thickness of the epithelium.
 A 65-year-old man with long-standing hypertension develops cardiac
failure. A chest radiograph shows enlargement of the heart and an
echocardiogram shows a thickened left ventricular free wall.
 A. AA amyloid
B. AL amyloid
C. Atrial natriuretic factor
D. Amyloid B protein
E. B,-Micro globulin
F. Calcitonin
G. Islet amyloid polypeptide
H. Transthyretin

For each of the diseases below select the type of amyloid protein deposited
in each disease from the above list. Each type may be used once, more
than once or not at all.
 Plasma-cell myeloma.
 Alzheimer's disease.
 Rheumatoid arthritis.
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.