OW, -VOL. 22 - ISSUE 09 ; AZEEY S ie ENGLISH MAGAZINES Paw icon yey Cy ENLIGHTEN ISLAMIC VALUES aa 42 ANNUAL CONFERENCE BY AZEEM EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE ka LET'S LEARN QURAN LET'S LEARN HADITH ac ee isles wll sia, as LEARN ISLAMIC ECONOMICS BY S use abl | Sear 5 et ooo EEEDISCLAIMER ‘The magazine does not endorse any of the ideas, opinions ot thoughts proposed in the published articles. The opinions belong to the authors only. We reserve the right to edit letters for reasons of clarity and space, To get your content published, send your submissions at submit@aemagazine,pk EDITORIAL BOARD Patron-in-Chief Dr. Muhammad Azeem Farooqi Editor-in-Chief Art Director Muhammad Ali Faroogi Muhammad Raheel Asghar Associate Editor Marketing Director Immn Khan. Sumaira Riaz Managing Editor Distribution & Social Media Manager Humaira Riaz Fazal Khan 0318 054 9181 EDITOR'S NOTE rece all readers ! Our much awaited ion is here. It cove te Farooqi (Sayings ol jal Dr. Muhammad ae Farooq and icle on Islamic enrich your knowledge of a Holy Quran. from short question-answer series featuring seventh and igh chapter of the O1 A covering 42nd Annual 1 de part of th Allah accept our litle effort to enlighten our readers about the religion, Islam. Pruner labee| Muhammad Ali Faroogi Editer-in-ChietTABLE OF CONTENTS Let's Learn Quran Surah As Sa’ad Let's Learn Hadith Chapter of Cleanliness Let's Learn Islamic Economics Islamic State and its Economic Responsibilities Critical Analysis-of Fundamentals of Socialism 77 42 Annual Conference by Azeem Educational Conference 100 03 ar hd a 2 % 36 fb ust an fatl be? der fig Aiur a? SPR UY pal OAR ole Ue ae Ge eho 4 BP oe eu Lor ete ae LPT 5 oe irl ft ber oki fed deol her at yst bs cus Gress BAL Sets tier OP EA} Le 3 Ot fF Siaduet fF SiriMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE (Sut Met's Learn The Holy Quran Surah-As-Sa‘ad(38) (By Prof.Dr. Muhammad Azeem Faroogi) Translated by: Prof. M.lmran Khan Faroogi (Ph.D. Scholar) =(Sa'ad) is one of the Haroof-e- Mugatte’at (The words of the Holy Quran, which are not interpreted by the scholars of the Holy Quran directly their meanings are always deduced differently on the basis of certain facts and arguments). They are considered beyond the human interpretation. They were the part of secret communication between the Prophet (SAW) and Allah Almighty. In Tafseer-e-Dahak, its meaning is given in these words, “Its meaning is Sidqullah (Allah Almighty is truthful). This Surah tells us that Allah Almighty never goes against His promises. The Muslim should never be disappointed because He always fulfills His promises. Some Important Subjects of the Surah: This Surah points out the three diseases of the Kuffars (the people of Makkah) i. The Devil of Muhammad (SAW)'s Prophet-hood. The people of Makkah (Kuffar) were not ready to accept the Prophethood of Muhammad (SAW). They were of the view that the selection of poor and less influential person as a Prophet in comparison to the wealthy Sardars (headmen) of Makkah is against their norms. In this Surah Allah Almighty DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE says, “Prophethood is reward fram My side. | bestow it upon whom | want. Do these people have the keys of My Rehmat (Blessings) and they would offer it to which they would like. ii. The second plea from their side to ............. the Prophethood of Muhammad (SAW) was that how could accept that person as they Prophet, "Who says, the whole Universe is being run and controlled by only one God. It was against their wisdom. The Quran has vividly descaled and explained the concept of Tauheed (The Oneness of Allah Almighty), but they were not ready to accept it. They were continuously denying it arousing the people of Makkah against the Prophet (SAV). iii. The Instruction of Patience to Prophet Muhammad (SAW): The Prophet (SAV) often used to become sorrowful at the foolish and non-senses attitude of the people of Makkah. In this situation, Allah Almighty ordered His Prophet (SAVV) to be patient and revealed to him the life and the struggle of earlier Prophet's (SAW). This Surah consists of five chapters and 166 verses. It was revealed in Makkah. The uses and Benefits of the Surah: i. The Prophet (SAW) has said. “The one who recites this Surah, Allah Almighty will save him from all kinds of sins”. ii. The one who keeps this Surah with him in written from would be loved by the people. iii. It is a remedy for Naz-re-bad. (the evil eye) # DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE Let's Learn The Hadith Shreet Prof. Muhammad Azeem Faroogi, Translated by Prof. M.Imran Khan Farooqi (Chapter of Cleanliness/ Purification The meaning of the Arabic word cae or oe is cleanliness or purification. It includes the inner and outer, the apparent and hidden. the intrinsic on the cleanliness and purity of heart, also makes it compulsory to keep keep the dress and body clean. In Islam the cleanliness of the body and perform Ibadat (the worshiping). Islam is a natural faith. It knows the secret of the nature that the cleanliness body. The Kinds of Cleanliness: The above introduction shows, there are some major kinds of cleanliness. i. The cleanliness of the Body. ii. The cleanliness of the inner self/heart. Quranic Reference: Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran, (eb 1] EU a tj “And if you are in a state of ‘full’ impurity then take a full bath". On another occasion Allah Almighty says, gb 523} “And keep your clothes clean”. The Beautiful Routine of the Prophet (SAW): The Prophet (SAW) was much fond of cleanliness and purity. The use of perfume was his daily DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE routine. It was his daily routine to wash the teeth and use the perfume. His dressing was though very simple and had certain patches as well but it was always neat and clean. He had always emphasized on the importance of cleanliness and instructed the companions (R.A) to follow the norms of cleanliness seriously. An Incident of a Companion (R.A): Once a companion (R.A) came to the Prophet (SAW). He had worn dirty clothes. On seeing this, The Prophet (SAW) asked him. “Haven't you been given wealth by Allah Almighty? "The companion (R.A) answered, "Yes! Allah Almighty has given me a lot". The Prophet (SAW) said, “Allah Almighty would be pleased to see the impact of His blessings on His life-style. When Allah Almighty has blessed you with wealth, you should wear the good clothes”. Islam's greater purpose is to abolish the moral, spiritual and physical impurities from humanity. Allah Almighty says; WG) A Bowell iSahicSh eee eee spare (Pitney “He is the One who raised for the illiterate people a messenger fram among themselves reciting to them His revelation, purifying them. and teaching them the Book and wisdom”. The Prophet (SAW) says: (ela olay 3 5 bi “Cleanliness is the half of the faith”. = DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE The Concept of Economic Welfare drazeemfaroogi.com(An excerpt from Let's Learn Islamic Economic} by Dr. M. Azeem Faroogi Meaning In Lisan Al Arab (The Dictionary ofthe Arabs) ed! 4cultivate) is (Cu) (success). FleeZ ih etelte 1 He( we YO Are a Zl). there is success in the favours of Allah (SWT) and used as success virtues, guarantee of protection from harm and survival then this state is known as success (Zi). In afAl-Mun jid) C(success) means to tear apart, to crack open that is why farmer is called 7iibecause he works hard to cultivate the land and he receives his reward in the shape of joyously waving farm and in place of one grain he receives up to seven hundred grains. His hard work prospered, flourished and he received an excess reward, it is success (7-u8). According to Imam Al Raghib Isfahani success (7,18) is of two kinds: 1. Worldly Success: The meaning of it is to achieve all those successes by which worldly life becomes happier e.g. wealth, respect, high rank etc. 2. Success in Hereafter - it is the achievement of following four things: a. Survival without death (ut) b. Wealth without poverty (xt?) DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE c. Respect without deception (ole) d. Knowledge without ignorance (olen) Urdu Daira Maarif (tiles 2!) describes success as follows: Success (714) is a special term in Islamic Economics that is derived fram the Quran. It means a satisfactory life of a person in this world and achievement of success in the Hereafter. Oxford dictionary defined success or welfare as: Satisfactory state, health and prosperity. well-being state on having national health insurance and other social services, work, efforts to make life worth living for employees etc. According to Mufti Muhammad Shafi Complete success (C4) can only be achieved in Paradise (=5), there is no such place in this world. However, in view of circumstances, to achieve success (718) and to free from any harm is possible in this world that Allah (SWT) favours upon His slaves. In the Quran on many occasions the word success (7-18) has been described and it means success in this world and in the Hereatter. Islamic Concept of Success The concept of success in Islam is not the abundance of resources for means of worldly life rather it is a name of life of gratifying heart and satisfactory living. Opposite to this all false systems of the world present success related to the material world and abundance of DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE resources of means of life is considered success and totally ignore the spiritual needs of the human beings. It is a fact that fleshy humans besides having fleshy bodies also have some spiritual needs. It is possible that a human living in a hut would be more satisfied than the one living in a comfortable home. Islam endeavors utmost to provide basic necessities of human beings and at the same time if anyone struggles more for his necessities, it appreciates it_ But Islam does not consider the worldly means the objective of life because Islamic concept of success is not limited to this worldly life rather the true success is not possible in this world because human wants are unlimited and to fulfill these the resources are limited. When all the wants of someone dont fulfil, he cannot achieve true success. Islam clarifies the concept of success in human mind that success in this world is when a human achieves spiritual satisfaction(i=ibt, a) . S55 oN 10 tek A at 235 One 3280 Leptin; Ogee “O reassured soul, Return to your Lord, well-pleased and pleasing [to Him].And enter among My [righteous] servants And enter My Paradise.” (89.27 to 89.30) Those who attain spiritual satisfaction, Quran describes their attributes as ple Sayama dads yd gah del uj eip psy Bes Hash DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE Indeed, those who have said, “Our Lord is Allah " and then remained on a right course - the angels will descend upon them, [saying]. "Do not fear and do not grieve but receive good tidings of Paradise, which you were promised. (41.30). The Prophet (PBUH) Taught a Supplication. wee je Oyj au ale KE Sia % as O Allah, | ask You for beneficial knowledge, good provision, and deeds that will be accepted (Sunnan Ibn Maja 925). Islam wants to establish this feeling in this world and in the hereafter that is why Allah (SWT) taught Muslims the following invocation. plea ei oj os Gg aa onde ‘O our Sustainer Grant us good in this world and good in the life to come, and keep us safe from suffering through the fire’ 2:204 Humans cant determine what is beneficial for them that can guarantee success and what is harmful for them that is why with the word uit was prayed that give us everything in which is betterment for us in this world and in the hereafter. The economic values that Islam has given, its very purpose is success of humanity. The forbiddance of usury is for the betterment of humans because usury imbalances the entire economy. Allah (SWT) says in Quran DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE fieié teks basi poy yn gags Sei Sida O You who have attained to faith! Do not gorge yourselves on usury, doubling and re-doubling it but remain conscious of God. so that you might attain to a happy state; 3:130 The cleansing of the economy from usury will benefit in the shape of success in this world and to do so on the order of Allah (SWT) it will also benefit in the hereafter. Similarly the purpose of forbiddance of wine and gambling is also welfare of humanity. Allah (SWT) says in Quran a ye hs aah GE booed toh ae ee ay O You who have attained to faith! Intoxicants, and games of chance, and idolatrous practices, and the divining of the future are but a loathsome evil of Satan's doing:’ shun it, then, so that you might attain a happy state! 5:90 (The abolishing of all these evils results in cessation of lawlessness, anxiety, economic and moral lowness and a satisfactory and prosperous life is achieved. Economic success is based on effort. Allah (SWT) says in Quran pibaaunessiga gle oS Say ngs pas Sp cab WO silt oe 8 3s ab BS Jj 3H os Onpua Sha ag dn vey O You who have attained to faith! When the call to prayer is DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE sounded on the day of congregation, hasten to the remembrance of God, and leave all worldly commerce: this is for your own good, if you but knew it. And when the prayer is ended. disperse freely on earth and seek to obtain [something] of God's bounty; but remember God often, so that you might attain a happy state! 62:9-10 According to the above verses, it is necessary that for economic success along with effort & struggle remembrance of Allah (SWT) is also done so that all economic activities to remain under the divine laws of Allah (SWT) and society to remain safe from transgression and usurpation that is why it is said that whenever one starts any work one should recite the si ¢=. Imam Hussain(RA) said that | hate both the oppressor and oppressed. Oppressed for the reason that his bearing of oppression encourages the oppressor. The Quran describes different societies and groups of people. Meg sie gop ogy AVS Ny yey jal Bs a ST SI ieee Jeter yl AeS ji Ne - =e file oe Tesi bedi we O Spibith eta oe 8 Thou canst not find people who [truly] believe in God and the Last BV BSH Ae Day and [at the same time] love anyone who contends against God and His Apostle - even DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY ATEEM ENGLISH MINGAZINE 1 though they be their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or [others of] their kindred. [As for the true believers.] it is they in whose hearts He has inscribed faith, strengthened with inspiration from and whom He has Himself, and whom [in time] He will admit into gardens through which running waters flow, therein to abide. Well-pleased is God with them, and well-pleased are they with Him. They are Gods partisans: oh, verily, it is they, the partisans of God_ who shall attain ahappy state! 58:22 Those who follow the rules and regulations of the Quran for them is the above mentioned success in this world and in the hereafter. The Means of Achieving Economic Success Lets see now what rules and regulations Islam has given for the achievement of success that guide us in the practical life and help in eradicating the poverty and hunger. 1.Encouragement for Economic Activities Islam encourages everyone to strive for economic activities according to his/her abilities. Allah (SWT) says in the Quran: eas wild Vide Men cad 18 And when the prayer is ended, disperse freely on earth and seek to obtain [something] of God's bounty; 62:10 Further said Sib be Boe YG do not forget your share of the world 28:77 DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE Prophet (PBUH) said AD J aety JES IB aya a we he aif Ded th ipl yle al Le ll Ane Narrated by Abdullah Bin Masood (RA), the Prophet (PBUH) said: To seek the Halal provisions is a major obligation after the obligations made necessary by Allah (SWT). Mishkat Vol. 3:23 2.Dynamic and Comprehensive Regulations Islam has provided dynamic and comprehensive rules for the economy like other areas of life that guide us through every stage. Keeping in view human needs, Islam allows prohibited and repugnant items because Islam likes collective expediency e.g. If a life can be saved fram a sip of wine then Islam allows its use in such circustances. Islam has also provided economic concepts that can help in drafting detailed regulations in every period of time easily e.g. prohibition of usury, prohibition of gambling, good loan (227) , levy of zakat, permissible (Ju) businesses or professions etc. In this respect important principles of Islam like gradual, absence of harm and reduction of difficulty guide us. 3.Fairness and Justice The economic principles that Islam has given are based on fairness and justice. Islam has provided such principles of creation of wealth, spending of wealth and distribution of wealth that secure the interests of all strata of the population. It has DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE enjoined upon the Government to uphold justice so that people can be freed from the tyranny of the tyrants. For this very purpose, the judiciary has always been separate from the administration throughout history so that right holders rights can be secured, therefore, Islam has offered the concept of a welfare state. 4.Circulation of Wealth Circulation of wealth is the base of economic principles. Islam has provided legal rules as well as ethical incentives for circulation of wealth. Quran says: Sates wi oS so that it may not be [a benefit] going round and round among such of you as may [already] be rich. 59:7 The above is a part of the said Aya which is about the distribution of spoils from cities captured without war. It was made clear in the above Aya that the purpose of distribution of wealth is the circulation of wealth that is why it was given to those who dont have wealth or have a little. That is to discourage the concentration of wealth. For this purpose, Islam on the one side discourages concentration of wealth, pledges severe punishment for miserliness and on the other hand shows displeasure for greed. condemns extravagance and stresses moderation in spending of wealth. Narrated by Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Masud (RA) that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said ded! Je Le He who opted DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE moderation and prudence, he will never be insolvent. (Musnad Ahmed Vol 2:2308) 5.Consistency between Materialistic and Ethical Progress The basic principles that Islam has given if implemented in true spirit, would yield ethical as well as materialistic benefits. In islam material, ethical and spiritual elevation is consistent with each other e.g. a rich person when spends in the way of Allah (SWT), he thereby achieves the highest level of virtue. Spee Sy [But as for you, O believers,] never shall you attain to true piety unless you spend on others out of what you cherish yourselves; 3:92 Similarly, doing favours on others and helping out the poors is not possible without materialistic progress and in this way our ethical and spiritual development is hidden in our materialistic development. Similarly, Islam accepts the right of individual ownership and has prescribed a share for the poors in the wealth of rich person. The purpose behind such freedom is that the wealthy should work for the betterment of the society and thereby to create a society wherein an environment of cooperation and trust is established. A society where greed and lust becomes norms, cannot progress. That is why Islam has made unlawful (¢.7) all those means of economics which have unethical elements because DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE by adopting these means society is deprived of kindness and selflessness. lin $'3 32 Se haere Ue, ESB Wye dal ay people whom neither [worldly] commerce nor striving after gain can divert from the remembrance of God, and from constancy in prayer, and from charity: 24:37 The cooperation between an individual and the group is necessary for the purpose of igniting a spirit of kindness, selflessness and service to humanity between the people of the saciety. Narrated An-Nu'man bin Bashir: Allah's Apostle said, “You see the believers as regards their being merciful among themselves and showing love among themselves and being kind, resembling one body, so that, if any part of the body is not well then the whole body shares the sleeplessness (insomnia) and fever with it.” Bukhari 3:970 In contrast to this, in other systems there is a conflict among individuals and the public. Principles and vested interests are in conflict with each other and because of it these systems have failed in all practicalities. The compulsory principle in Islam to achieve success is that people of a society must cooperate with each other. According to Imam Ibn Hizam, He is not a believer who eats full belly and his neighbour sleeps hungry. Every person in every city is answerable DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE for the death of a person because of hunger. All such people are responsible for payment of blood money. 6.Developing Standard of Living Islam encourages to improve the standard of living in accordance with the changing circumstances so that people can fulfill their needs in a better way. Similarly, Islam has given basic principles of economy like profession but left the details on the prevailing circumstances so that living standard of humans could be improved. Alongside it also stressed upon that living standard should not be made objective of life so that in society greed and lust could not be created. It Is narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. Mas‘ud that the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), observed: He who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride shall not enter Paradise. A person (amongst his hearers) said: Verily a person loves that his dress should be fine, and his shoes should be fine. He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: Verily, Allah is Graceful and He loves Grace. Pride is disdaining the truth (out of selfconceit) and contempt for the people. (Muslim 1:266) Islam made it possible to make standard of living ever developing by giving economic freedom. Those who leave behind in the economic race. Islam does not leave them on their own rather it has prescribed a minimum living DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE standard in the shape of Zakat institution. Standard of living depends on the circumstances of the economic environment and economic means of every period of time. Every person is free to choose the economic means to fulfil his/her economic needs. The only condition is that it does not make him/her proud and priority should be given to those who are economically deprived. 7.Eradication of Hunger and Poverty Islam managed to eradicate povert and hunger for the economic welfare. Because poverty and hunger bears harmful effects on the personality of a human, on his faith, on his character & ethics. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said Poverty can almost turn into disbelief. Shah Waliullah 40:37 Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to invoke Allah (SWT) O Allah | seek refuge in You from disbelief and poverty. Someone enquired: Are these two equal? The Prophet (PBUH) replied Yes. Sahih Ibn Hibban, Hadith: 1026 Allhs an Poverty and hunger is also harmful for family life. The Quran imposes a condition for mariage contract (7-6) that one must be able to support the family life because poverty creates many problems. ret SEL ts a aad And as for those who are unable to marry, let them live in DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE continence until God grants them sufficiency out of His bounty, 24:33 Hazrat Abu Dharr al-Gifari (RA) said that | am astonished that, who has nothing to eat, how will he raise sword to fight with people? A servant told Imam Muhammad al-Bagir that there is no flour left in house. He said may Allah (SWT) punish you because you have wiped out forty rulings of Figh from my mind. According to Imam Abu Hanifa Do Not consult with the one who has no flour in his house. Narrated ‘Abdur Rahman bin Abi Bakra: Abu Bakra wrote to his son who was in Sijistan: ‘Do not judge between two persons when you are angry. for | heard the Prophet saying, "A judge should not judge between two persons while he is in an angry mood.” Bukhari 3:2071 Islam wants to drive out poverty and hunger from the society and strives to provide the necessities of life to every member of the society so that the society can progress to its full potential and all the people can live a life of prosperity and calm. 8.The Role of State in the achievement of Economic Welfare Islamic State is a social welfare state. In Islam reponsibility of the State is not limited to ensure intemal law & order and defense of its boundaries but also to establish true and natural equality in every sector of the life, remove DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE all the obstacles that hinder the equality of effort and struggle in the persuit of fair economic objectives of its citizens and provision of basic needs of its citizens whether Muslims or Non-Muslims. If it finds anywhere within its boundaries hunger & starvation, poverty & famine, oppression & abuse then it should use all its powers to eradicate these ills. Islam has given a guideline concerbning economic life that it is the duty of an Islamic Society and Islamic State that it should strive to eliminate hunger and poverty as it strives to abolish the darknesses of unfaith. Islam has opened doors of economic struggle to all but has also given the concept that this ownership is like a trust. In the wealth of everybody. Allah (SWT) and His servants have a right. It is necessary that everybody after meeting his fair needs should fulfil the rights of the State and other humans. The Zakat Levy was made obligatory on the persons who have a minimum threshold of wealth for lew of Zakat (~L_2Le) for the purpose of helping the State and people to eradicate poverty and hunger. It is the responsibility of an Islamic State that it should make arrangements for the guardianship of all those people who are handicapped, destitute or hungry. Narrated by Hazrat Jabir Bin Abdullah (RA) that once some impoverished people came to the DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE Prophet (PBUH) and after seeing them the Prophet (PBUH) became heartbroken. He went to his house but could not find anything. Then he came out and ordered Hazrat Bilal(RA) to gather people. When people gathered, he said help these poor people. Then a good amount of wealth was accumulated that was given to them. Hazrat Jabir (RA) says that the same face that a while ago was sad now is shining like gold. ( Could not find Hadith Source) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said that those who die while indebted, ther debts are to be paid from the treasury of the Islamic State. cette jst Ula a gtl oF Se te el et oP aces peel ot oluad lad Narrated by Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said Muslims love me more than themselves so who died while indebted, payment of his debt is my responsibility. (Sahih Bukhari 2298) In another Hadith, He also said the same regarding other responsibilities of the dead other than debt e.g. guardianship of destitutes. Ye pyeelatbee dl ge, yale le hes Subtle a oy Gb il Narrated by Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said who died and left wealth, wealth is for his family but if someone left someone without guardian then | am responsible for guardianship.(Sahih Bukhari 4781) DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY ATEEM ENGLISH MINGAZINE 24 All the jurists have clearly explained that it is the responsibility of the head of state that he should safeguard the rights of citizens of the state. Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) explained this point in his first speech after assuming the responsibilities of Khilafat He who is week among you is powerful for me until | give him his rightful. if Allah (SWT) wills and he who is powerful among you is week before me until | take away from him the rights of poors, if Allah (SWT) wills. Hazrat Umer (RA) said By Allah (SWT) we could not provide justice if we benefited fram someone in his youth and left him on his own in his old age. In an agreement with the non-muslims of Haira (word is unconfirmed) made by Hazrat Khalid Bin Waliéd (RA), it was clearly written that if a person becomes old or is touched by some catastrophe or becomes impoverished then he shall not be liable to pay Jizya (~) rather he and his family shall be taken care of by the Baitul Maal (Jes). Ibn Taymiyyah deduced following principle from the Hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) and Traditions of scholars: Islamic State is responsible for the sponsorship of a person who has no sponsor. Famous historian Shibli Nomani writes: It was strictly managed that no one in the captured countries remained penniless and hungry. Itwas a common order and it was observed as such that salaries of DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE any number of persons who are disable, would be given to them by the Baitul Maal (i=). More than hundreds of thousands of people were registered who were provided food to their door steps. For poors and needy without any prejudice, the order was to give them a daily stipend. Islam established this system in its standardized form and it is quite different from Capitalist system. The principle followed in the Capitalist system is that whoever is left behind in the economic race then he has no helping hand. He is doomed to die in life's struggle. The result of this is that the chance for the rich to become richer is there but no chance for the poor to come out of the vicious circle of poverty. Whereas Islamic system provides equal opportunity to everyone to earn his livelihood and at the same time it also helps those who could not earn enough to meet both ends. This system of welfare state is also different from Socialist system. It guarantees the minimum livelihood but not at the cost of independence and individuality. Total ownership by the state is against the spirit of Islam. Islam allows rights of individual ownership and independence but also establishes balance and justice. This is also different from the modem type of mixed welfare state. In this system, basic sponsorship is provided as a right and to abolish political agitation. Whereas Islamic state does sponsorship with empathy and by DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE considering it a religious duty rather than by compel and force. In Islamic system not only is the standard of living increased but ethical values are also increased. This is a revolutionary concept which is far better and of high standard in worldly affairs as well as in ethical spheres than all other economic concepts of the present era. Resources of Economic Success For economic success, Islam has provided following resources: 1.Zakat Zakat is obligatory on every Muslim if he/she possess a minimum threshold of wealth liable to Zakat. It is not a charity, but rather a right of poors. Where Zakat lessens the love of wealth and creates a sentiment to spend in the way of Allah (SWT) and sacrifice the wealth, itis also a comprehensive social welfare scheme by which help is provided to the poors and needy in the country and thereby they are drawn back into the struggle for life on equal footings. Social welfare is a new concept in modem economics. But Islam since its inception presented a concept of welfare and service onented state and in the shape of Zakat it guarantees the minimum livelihood of the poor and supressed people of the society. Islamic state implemented this system in its practical shape. Population census was undertaken, poor were registered and needy people were provided official stipends and its result was according to the historian DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE AlTabari in a short period of time there were hundreds of peaple paying Zakat but there was none left to receive it_ 2.Obligatory Charity There are many other obligatory charity that every muslim has to pay on different occasions if he liable ta pay these e.g Sadq-e-Fitr (#34) also known as Zakat AlFitr. These are also helpful in achieving social economic welfare. 3. Infaq Islam creates a sentiment in every Muslim for Infaq Fi Sabillillah. It lessens the love of wealth and persuades to spend in the way of Allah (SWT) to seek His blessings in this world and in the hereafter. 4,Law of Inheritance Islam has given a system of inheritance in which wealth of the deceased is distributed among all the members of the family accodring to the fair scheme of distribution and unlike Western system of distribution not given to any one person. By this way wealth is distributed justly and is not concentrated in one hand. 5.Non-Obligatory Charity If it is necessary for the Government, it can raise resources by asking rich people for charity other than obligatory charity like Zakat and Sadga-e-Fitr etc. For the defence and integration of the country, it is expected from the rich like everybody else ta show his generosity and sacrifice by voluntarily contributing to the state exchequer. Succinctly, Islam by giving the DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE system based on justice and goodwill (Wl-t+ Ju) aims not only to eradicate the economic inequalities but also to make distribution of wealth more just and besides, it also seeks to impart ethical training to its followers. In this way, the Islamic system of justice and goodwill does not allow for the sectarian collision which happens in the Capitalists and Socialists societies rather a great social structure comes into being devoid of any conflict. All the systems that human beings have devised through their faculties aim to establish justice in the society. But the system Islam has provided to human beings aims far higher than justice. It aims for Goodwill (u/L+!) . To eradicate oppression (?) is the first step towards peace . Justice (J) is its second step and goodwill (g/L!) is the epitome of it. & DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE Islamic State and Its Economic Responsibilities drazeemfaroogi.com(An excerpt from Let's Learn Islamic Economic) by Or. M. Azeem Faroogi In Arabic, State is called =- the term = is derived fram Arabic language word um, the meaning of which is _- of slz~) head). So State is such a group of people that occupy a certain country or a territory which has an organised system of governance over all its inhabitants and who is not subjected to any outside power. Islamic State The concept of State in Islam is different from other concepts. Islamic State is distinctive in nature and servant to its public. Islam does not see the State to just establish law and order and defend its territories rather it holds the State responsible for the equality and equity in every part of life. Today food security and poverty are the most important problems of the world. Capitalist system creates two classes - Rich and Poor. Socialism and Communism raise food and equality slogans but forcefully try to suppress independence, poverty, thought and consciousness. But Islamic state, whose fundamental responsibility is ah ll (encouraging people to do what is good) and ¢*/“) forbidding evil by discouraging people from doing what is wrong), is responsible for Islamic education DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE and training of its citizens, defending its territories, invite to worldly affairs and hereafter and if necessary for the purpose then to jihad, secure life & wealth, and honour & self-respect of its citizens by establishing peace through law and order. But in view of todays economic theories, Islam is not only an economic theory but a ui) a complete cade of life) that also encompasses other aspects of life like ethics, politics, spiritual enlightenment to name a few. Islam is a complete code of life, therefore. it cannot neglect the economics, an important aspect of life. Islamic State is responsible for fulfilling the economic necessities of its citizens. Economic Responsibilities of Isamic State Following are the economic responsibilities of an Islamic State: Welfare of Public at Large Establishing system of Economic Development Eradicate the economic inequality Economic Justice Public Welfare. The meaning of Public Welfare is that Islamic State should establish a system for fulfilling the basic economic necessities of its citizens and this should be up to such a level that no person is left out of his/her basic needs which include besides other things food, clothing, shelter and medical treatment. This does not mean that Islamic State is responsible for the provision of all economic necessities of its citizens irrespective of whether they are able to fulfil or not their economic DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE necessities on their own. But the aim is to provide enough to meet their basic needs who are unable to meet their needs. Islamic State shall provide from the state treasury enough to meet the basic needs of those who are furloughed, diseased. old age or handicapped on the presentation of proof of their deprivation in spite of the system of social security. Islamic State shall establish a system where none of its citizens shall remain hungry, thirsty, naked and shelterless_ Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) has laid out the principles of economic welfare. It states that the administrator is responsible to fulfil the needs of deprived people under his jurisdiction. The person who is appointed by Allah (SVT) for the supervision of some affairs of Muslims and he doesn't care about their needs then Allah (SWT) will also not care of his needs. (Al-Kharaj by Abu Dawood). Amr ibn Murrah said to Muawiyah that he heard Allah Messenger (SAW) say, If a ruler shuts his door to the needy, the helpless and the poor then Allah shuts the doors of the heaven to his (the rulers) helplessness, need and poverty.Tirmidhi 1356 Public Kindness Hazrat Salman Farsi (RA) defined Vicegerency (2)in these words: A Vicegerent (+/) is the one who decides according to the Book of Allah (SWT) and be kind towards public as he is kind towards his family.(Kitab Ul Amwal by Abu Obaid) The fulfilment of peoples DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE necessities of life is included in the kindness that has been made mandatory on rulers. The end of the ruler who is not kind towards his people is very bad. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said that who was made ruler by Allah (SWT) over his people and he did not deal with them with proper kindness then he will not achieve even the fragrance of Heaven (=) Patronage of Citizens: Islamic Shariah has made Islamic State the guardian of its citizens and one of the duties of guardianship is to fulfil the basic needs of the dependents. Beet eal ey yall wate oe Narrated by Hazrat Aishah (RA) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said Allah (SWT) and His Messenger (PBUH) are the guardian of who has no guardian.(Sunan Darimi 808) Body Vee dy tbl atite Cae Narrated by Hazrat Aishah (RA) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said “And the ruler is the guardian of the one who does not have a guardian.(Sunan lbn Maja 37) This guardianship is not limited to (7 #) marriage contract only: rather it is a general guardianship that also encompasses the fulfilment of necessities of people as a first priority. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) wrote to a newly Muslim tribe chief, | advise you to be kind, dont misappropriate and dont be hostile. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) is the guardian of all of your rich and poors. Alms (4+ DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE jare not for Muhammad (PBUH) and His family rather it is Zakat (20)which you take out of rich to purify them for the poor Muslims. It was said through this letter that what you receive from them as Zakat is not for the personal expenditures of the ruler of the state but to give it to needy Muslims. Payment of Debt in Case of Death of Borrower: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said that those who die while indebted, their debts are to be paid from the treasury of the Islamic State. goad oie aol ce cet pl cot Be el el ot ot pol Ma ghisd old loaf pt Narrated by Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said Muslims love me more than themselves so who died while indebted, payment of his debt is my responsibility. (Sahih Bukhari 2298) In another Hadith. He also said the same regarding other responsibilities of the dead other than debt e.g. guardianship of destitutes. Sperpebee dled pale LS lb cl iS et cee ad ld Ye OY UB ect Le Lay! Narrated by Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said who died and left wealth. wealth is for his family but if someone left someone without guardian then | am responsible for guardianship.(Sahih Bukhari 4781) Examples of Rightly Guided Caliphs : After the Prophet DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY ATEEM ENGLISH MINGAZINE 34 Muhammad (PBUH) those who became ruler of Islamic State were conscious of their vast responsibilities and this fact is evident from the history of Rightly Guided Caliphs. Hazrat Umar (RA) addressed the general public while assigning himself responsibilities and Allah (SWT) has obligated me to stop supplication directed to Him. The famous fagih Abu Omer Din Abdul Aziz bin |slam explained the said saying of Hazrat Umer (RA) that Head of State should give justice to oppressed against the oppressor so that the oppressor should not need to ask Allah (SWT) for justice. Hazrat Umer (RA) gave a sermon while announcing the good news of victory of Qadisiyyah, he said that | consciously look for some need so that | fulfil it until we are able to fulfil it together and when we are not able to fulfil it together then through mutual aid. Hazrat Umar (RA) said All gle gitald Stelle Show lain y anil LE pclae And whoever needs money he should come to me as Allah (SWQT) has made me treasurer and distributor. People came to Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and asked for alms (2+), he ordered that their needs be fulfilled fram Bait UI Mal. On many occasions if someone needy came to you, he inquired about his needs and ordered for the fulfilment (The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd Al Aziz by Ibn Jawzi). There are many examples of DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE public guardianship by Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz during his era. The great famine of 16 AH because of which that year came to be known in Islam as Aam Ur Rima (\/i¢l)was of such a force that during the nine months there was utter starvation in Hijaz. Hazrat Umar (RA) managed the distribution of food items and officially arranged food two times a day for thousands of people.He amanged food items such as ail, fat etc. from far off areas e.g. from Egypt, Syria etc_ Sponsorship of Animals: The arrangement of sponsorship of animals is also the responsibility of the Islamic State. The concept of public sponsorship of Hazrat Umar (RA) was $0 vast and all inclusive, he used to say that if within the Islamic State any animal is starved to death, | am worried that | shall be answerable to Allah (SWT) for that (The history of al-Tabari). Ole St ii be be ld dee Ol p vassal ge He said if on the brink of river Euphrates (Furat) a baby goat (kid) died helpless. | think, Allah (SWT) would ask me about that on the day of judgement. He also used to say if on the brink of any river a goat is left itching in a state that her massage is not done with oil then | am afraid that | am answerable for that on the day of judgement.(Imam Ghazali) He himself made nightly visits in Madina to inquire about the needs of the public and if found DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE anyone in need then his needs were fulfilled. Sponsorship of Non-Muslim Public: The state sponsorship was not restricted to Muslims only but was also extended to non-Muslims. Hazrat Umar (RA) has ordered the incharge of Bait Ul Mal to inquire about the needs of the poors and arrange for its fulfilment. During his visit to Syria, he came across some christians who were suffering from leprosy. He ordered for their daily wages because of their disability. Hazrat Umar (RA) saw a blind oldman begging, he asked for the reason. The oldman said that he is begging because of ald age. needs and expenses to meet. He took him to his home and gave him something, then wrote to incharge of Bait Ul Mal this is beyond justice that we took advantage of his youth and left him destitute in his old age. Arrangement of Education: Among other needs the provision of education is the most important for an Islamic State. Islamic State amanges for the education of its citizens. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also used to arrange for the education of the people. Hazrat Zaid Bin Sabat (RA) on the instruction of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) learned to read and write the language of Jews. (Abu Dawood) On the occasion of Badr, it was decided that the compensation to free the prisoner was that he should teach ten children of Madina to read DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE and write. Those who participated in the Islamic School of Suffa to learn the Quran and its related subjects, also learned to read and write. Therefore, Hazrat Abada Bin Samat taught some people to read and write. (Abu Dawood) In another tradition it is stated that the Prohet Muhammad (PBUH) appointed Hazrat Saad Bin Al Aas (RA) to teach people of Madina to read and write. Hazrat Umar (RA) appointed teachers for the education of children who were paid from Bait Ul Mal- Appointment of Helpers for Helpless People: From certain writings it is proved that some people were provided servants. Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz appointed official servants for blind people or handicapped persons because of some other disease and also for the help of orphan children in Syria (The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd Al Aziz by Ibn Jawzi). During the famine of 16 AH Hazrat Umar (RA) was providing food to people officially and he saw one such person who was eating with his left hand, upon inquiring it was revealed that his right hand was cut off in the Battle of Mu'tah, he asked who do certain tasks for you? Then he called a servant for him, provided means of transportation and provided for him other necessary items. Establishment of Motels: Transportation . lodging and food is required for travel to distant areas and it is also required for DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE travellers who are left behind for some reasons. Hazrat Umar (RA) made such an arrangement for travellers between Mecca and Madina so that the needs of the needy would be fulfilled. Support for Payment of Debt: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) took the responsibility of payment of debts who died while in debt and their debt could not be paid out of their inhertitance keeping in view the sufficiency of Bait Ul Mal. Hazrat Umar Bin Abd Al Aziz ordered that support from Bait Ul Mal should be given to people who are in debt and attention was given to the purpose for which the loan was taken(The Book of Revenue by Abu Obayd). Monetary Support for Marriage: From some evidence it is ascertained that unmarried people were given monetary support from Bait UI Mal for mariage. Hazrat Umar Bin Abd Al Aziz wrote a letter to the Governor of Kofa Zaid Bin Abd Ur Rehman that from the additional funds of Bait Ul Mal support should be given to those who are unmarried and they dont have any money for marriage ( Seerat Abdul Aziz By Ibn Al Mohkam). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said He who wants to marry to live a purified life, he has right that he be helped by Allah (SWT). Pe DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE Critical Analysis of Fundamental Concepts of Socialism drazeemfarcoqi.com(An excerpt from Lets Learn Islamic Economics) by Dr. M. Azeem Faroogi Deficiency of Socialist Theory The foundation stone of Socialist Theory is that the Universe is in essence a matter and is an accumulation of atoms, which can only be explained through the principles of physical laws. Any belief in the existence of a Supreme Being is very dangerous and harmful for humans. Human beings are a temporary and an accidental thing in this Universe and are a powerless toy in the hands of nature. There is no life after this worldly life and there is no world after this world. The ultimate result of this is that this life becomes the sole purpose of being. There is no fear of any accountability and justice. This brings about unfettered independence and freedom. A careful consideration of this theory shows that this does not guide us to understand the manifestations of life. A human being passes through many strange conditions during the course of life from birth to death. Emotions and intelligence contribute more than any other DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE thing in its development. Whoever tries to force laws of lifeless matter and philosophy on human beings who have conscience, will and desire, is infact revolting against reality. Humans are not like inanimate objects but they are empowered to act within certain limits in their surroundings because they do have disagreement in their thoughts. They think that this organized universe and all within it came into existence because of matter and unlimited energy. They deny the existence of any Supreme Being who created manifestations of limited energy with unlimited energy. Humans begin to wonder what this unlimited variety is. If all this creation of nature becomes purposeless then how come such an organization? How did Singularity create abundance? Which power has given oblivion the awareness? lf we admit that there is an interlink and discipline in matter and it is evolving according to a plan then automatically it has to be accepted that this system has been created by a Conscious Being and after its existence it is running according to His plan. Socialist thinkers have so much downgraded human beings from its high plane that one cannot express it fully. The purpose of human beings is not only to satisfy their human needs rather God has given him mind and DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE consciousness which is a reality beyond matter. He has taken principles of life from matter, therefore, he has some material needs and to fulfill those needs he sometimes drops to the lowest level but sometimes this very human rises to such highest level of character which becomes a matter of pride for all humanity. Marx claims that the reality of the universe is matter and human thoughts and concepts are its reflection. But now science has elevated humans to a stage where the mind is considered the reality and physical world its reflection. Matter is not the creator of human thoughts and actions and neither its stimulant for its development. Humans armed with consciousness collided with the material world and because of his sincerity, greatness and superiority passed the stages of development. Denial of Religion and Ethics: Marx thinks that religion is a creation of capitalist mind through which they exploit poors. This thinking is totally incorrect. Religion is a necessity of human nature. Whenever humans face hardships and troubles, he thinks that there should be someone who comes to my help. Quran says: eng Sis BB oh 5a iS NGS Oft6:54] 33 8 “And whatever blessing you have, it is from Allah. And when affliction befalls you, it is unto Him DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE that you cry for help.” Religion is the answer to this feeling and the concept of God is the healing of every difficulty. Therefore, humans when caught in the tornado of troubles then without any will cries for help of God. When Hitler destroyed Moscow with bombardment then Lenin uttered a sentence unintentionally "O My God, how cruel these people are.” Joumalists asked him, Do you believe in God? He could not answer. Sometime later the daughter of Stalin escaped to England then she said that after thorough consideration, | have come to the conclusion that for humans to live without the concept of God is not possible. Similarly, sometime ago an earthquake happened in Russia which shaked the whole of Russia and the centre of atheists trembled and at that time all atheists prostrated before God_ Thus, it comes to be known that natural inclination towards religion of humans cannot be eliminated and also cannot be given the name of illusion. It is also not the invention and necessity of capitalists. All the Prophets, whenever they came, generally belonged to the poor strata of population and who accepted their invitation were largely poor people. In their followers, rich people were very few. Rather capitalists and landlords ridiculed them. Then how this theory of DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE Karl Marx could be accepted that religion was created to protect the interests of capitalists. Denial of Religious and Ethical Values The advocates of Socialism deny such ethics whose foundation is laid by capitalists on God's orders which have no value and also have no substance. For the time being wherever there is light of mercy, brightness of kindness, luminosity of goodness and consciousness of nobility in the world, it is because of those nobles who were ordained by Allah (SWT) and who were opposed fiercely by the then Shaddads, Namruds, Pharaohs and Qaroons. If humans don't have ethics then they become beasts and if they are not restricted through religious and ethical values then they would spread more destruction and bloodshed than beasts. The denial of Socialists of ethics is clear proof of their being unethical. Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev and Gorbachev were not highly ethical, rather everyone of them when took power termed his predecessor traitor and discredited his services and removed his name from Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Materialist Definition of History There is no denial that in this worldly life humans need economic necessities. But there is a difference in that everything that appears in the development DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY ATEEM ENGLISH MINGAZINE A of civilization is because of economic struggle. Rather there are also other elements for this. Humans need food, clothes and shelter but planning for the fulfilment of these needs does not create his mental faculties and his consciousness. In the past political and social systems were changed with the change in the economic environment. But it is not necessary that those social systems that are at the same point with regard to their production techniques are also same with respect to their economic organization, family system, tribal order, political & religious organizations and ethical concepts. There are many examples in history which show that there were more non-economic factors in the development of nations. For example, Romans and earliest Muslims were both in the same economic period but history shows that there was vast difference in their ethical concepts. Roman were brutal to their slaves and in contrast Islam freed the oppressed segment from oppression and exploitation. So, it can be said that in the development of nations economic development is not a decisive factor rather it is those objectives for the achievement of which they live. They succeed in reorganizing their material environment for the achievement of these objectives- DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE All the Prophets were symbols of goodness and righteousness. They preached their ummahs of religion of truth. Those nations that accepted their invitation, were successful in this world and would also be successful in the hereafter. Those nations that rejected the invitation of Prophets and made their life burdensome, were exterminated and became a symbol of fear. By this detail, the aim is to say that the materialist definition of history is . unrealistic. The real definition of history is spiritual and ethical. The movement for the founding of Pakistan gained momentum on religious grounds. The battle was fought on the one side with English colonists and on the other with Hinduism proponents. therefore, the materialists definition of history has become worthless and ineffective. Class Struggle There is no doubt that there were certain periods in history when oppressed people agitated against the tyranny of dictators. But to label all the revolutions in human history as the product of class struggle is exaggeration. It is evident fram history that most of the wars were fought on the basis of tribalism, brotherhood, nationalism, racism, motherland, religion. These proved to be more decisive and fierce than class struggle. The revolution brought by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was not class struggle but was DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE purely religious, ethical and ideological. In 1947, the division of Hindustan and founding of Pakistan was not based on class struggle rather was the outcome of purely religious and spiritual principles confrontation. Reality is that humans have a sense of self respect. Whenever they find something against their desires, they become ready to fight. Only economic necessities are not the base for class struggle. The principle on which Marx divided humanity into two classes was proved wrong in his time. He was of the view that those who are in control of factors of production are bourgeoisie, the capitalists are one class and who are using these resources to produce surplus value for their masters comfort and luxury are proletariats, the labourers are second class. Capitalists and labourers are constantly fighting with each other for their own interests. In view of Marx, there are only two classes. But with the passage of time, there came on the scene a third class who were neither capitalists nor labourers. These are those labourers who are managing the affairs of factories and share their profits. They are also labour class but at the same time they have relations with capitalists. This new class of labourers is gaining importance in the economic system. Marx thought that with the division of capital and labour, DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE capital will increase but these will concentrate in few hands. But forty years of history of industrialized countries shows that labourers are better off than before and their standard of living is getting better and they are gaining importance in economic systems of the world. Reality is that he has failed to clearly define the division of classes. Theory of Surplus Value The theory of Karl Marx that labourers are the sole rightful owner of total profit of production is not only incomprehensible but also impractical. Because he has totally ignored the impotence of other factors of production viz. Land, capital and organization. If we accept this theory of Karl Marx that labour is the only measure of surplus value then say to the labourers that use all your mental and physical powers to earn a single penny, he would not be able to do that without the help from other factors of production. Thus it is proved that this theory of Karl Marx is a disinformation and narrowmindedness. According to the theory of Marx, the difference in prices of products is because of the difference in labour usage in their production. But sometimes in the production of a product a higher quantity of labour was used but it achieved lower value due to change in demographics. So, it is proved that the value is based not only on labour but also on its DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE demand. Marx ignored this. According to the theory of Surplus Value, the means to achieve surplus value is labour. Then there is an advantage in this for the capitalists that they use more labourers than machinery but in practice, there is an ever increasing role of machinery than labourers. Therefore, this theory of Karl Marx is not only unrealistic but also is impractical. Theory of State Marx was too biased in explaining the Theory of State. He considered that the State is an organization of oppression and tyranny through which capitalists rob poor and helpless labourers. History tells us that whenever there was confrontation between different classes of society, the state organs suppressed poors. But this does not prove that this institution was always siding with tyrants. There are instances in history where the state defended the rights of the poor and weak instead of being the instrument of riches. The Quraish of Mecca till last fought against Muslims because Islamic State was eradicating their social and political superiority. The existence of Islamic State was not for safeguarding the interests of rulers. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) stated the objective of his ‘Government " Who are influential, they are uninfiluential for me till | receive from them the rights of others." Hazrat Umar (RA) said DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH §=MAGATINE “By Allah (SWT), the weak among you is most powerful for me till | give him his right and powerful among you is weak for me till | receive from him the rights of others.” Marx asserts that the Government should be in the hands of labourers because this class will work for the achievement of material comforts. But it is possible that when they are in power, they may become more selfish than capitalists. The reality is that until there is control of ethics over our desires till then looting and seizing cannot be eradicated fram life. Governments may be with labourers or with capitalists, humans always have a feeling of self projection. He shows his superiority and high rank through power, therefore, it cannot be expected from him to surrender power by himself. Marx thought that the state would finish slowly slowly. But the pace of time is clearly showing that this institution in the hands of labourers would be more strong and stable in the future than present. The destruction of Trotsky by Stalin and murder of Beria by conspiracy of Khrushchev are the results of hunger for power. History of Russia shows that the area of state power is increasing day by day and similarly the ruling class is gaining increasing power to inflict tyranny on helpless people. & DEMOG AZ INEPKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH = MAGAZINE funte ty esr ie Cuan < wert RCP) Sed Bat re BP es pf ea Fair) wt B he pdt pe Lt gl Xt aL FP ALA eS uw se BOP FA ne tpl Py CA ee te Eee tr ht wl uted Aad At & Sead tectwpeoveree” ee. Patti, Pay varlabrla tees we AP Agus Pi egtien lO gep sete ied (see oe (dle Y nabbed ih AALS wéle Se piwte wee 3) OPP EL paps) ere Pi) Fushi ebLa oil) atten Laine Fe bE) wet Lasley Be fut Big eR T (8) wanna IP REIS Jer Mengde fe Seti arte Be) ee le K ~- ef Be = ue ure(a) we Sp let So cD wn Lee) OF LTS gle Pty 2 su FN) ote Efe £ fled Ain en ie CL web DEM DG 07 IE. 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Bet ee ete abate Hlag & Say 1k ates FL tag 2 Pall Bip A viaf Gute & DEM DG 07 IE. PKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH =MAGATINE 50 ISLAMIC EDITION wrx | debtor toe lFaite (ie eet Stet Ty a be” “ut wee leu we wget PELE Seta dilad SP Tage Pe Bl Pa oH pe Ae ta Ped bacegn gle Beas cual Fete ah se SP bus Poul PF bel hee (dep esieahie dae) ape diravie Lh wie gate daha eth Elles Agila Serta Led abaihat fale Beetle bebe enh, Ee AL 2 oNF dtl Fae AE ude BIL i he Ft Pectule Pet ted PL rite aie bara-L£Jes at wien fee recite cei iine Ue IFES or a pul fy bee pct « lest elt 2a et als GS we (Ng ede) daverund Fi tye Ob dep eee, (debut Ze de? nel dee te Media Site OD Megarhe wate tiger? bea 1) ok Ad fale bl ih) ~Usntes. i Slaulie lh) eal Buty visite tir) we? fet lai (2) an UGE Wer bertke a 2 rakZ a(t) -bl La eUlststal are Feael Far fF ne Sell (2) Grae let Be be Libis dt bt Uatalel Li teen lat ey ue = aS ad ai ade cl SPF Besa Te DF bod ete) wn G LAS DEM DG 07 IE. PKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH = MAGAZINE PLAS Prt 7 Sut ie life we Se esd uO ew fist ald ef sett efi pew Jt Fee elu ed wee Be Sluis Fa Zs FEE ~ Opeth cher Loupe La sf i edu oe Pe usa x hae PE tee Bll ee ie Put IL, emp Mente ues. Seite ged) Gute {then Et Bat ele lt Be Ae ee PG uMfaled Aue 2 wd ow we ch hi ae (AS Deeley beh S lis $s hha gree pl FE fell Ar Se led apgh ankle fedfsce al eal Atala re MART be ftudly Fee fltle ue shoo) ibe A ade Uubevgy le Leyla tee ge ne ib ona ab Lg Lge ites | wi netiawt lL Sachi ge (oP Atte ene Ole Sle Pot pht Af Aa AL Ut fi Ub dee Big fae rr be utes S ol wale BLAIR RET Galloly nk UM bad sPuslangt chs eae Ale re BM Gaede tele, OO? Fel gel bt Ce aT ale CP nSogw eee pet : LA PEL eae Le el Fel besiust Fe tae ote = ash STF y LFpe eset We ein abe Le BL refit Lah pul Sued ntiFig PEL hee crustal Dbl eed lel Ul etl tiie a Fe SES iia nite wate we wl Spat ale Ae Jeph Eee Ae a Lib Peele Luonl 3 L, 2 Conte Esai m DEM DG 07 IE. PKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH = MAGAZINE aleve eB cle AAS DS eile oF Koad ale L rte fue PF alesly bP Fi gl Fe PRLS Le er Be eA are eae CEU BL plush dase uades Tf vo allele Avge tals fled Up ale dee ee Ae hale BL Eo 8 LF we Ha Lee be MEL ALA My PEI of alle dee aay it eatatray dugenaes bosses 25 ay fee Ly by call wo taeaty teal etter ds Fee she ge I aii rate chk SAS y dew Kiel Mi AA LL Fes Fie ge Pill AL eed 2 Te BF vue de Fegtita ge WE te EF ieee pak Bae La aAsei tS ypube nde 2 Jastras Ghee Giles fb oe La ot alg clyeuld Sire ds sees Bis fade AL alle tepals SL pals esd ab Le oe G2 WM cb are (atepe Le b/eelde 22 Ueubepte? Ske ln Oe EH L leet Ub? ietex Atha eos cf le be Ee ei tt eel eadual aS gat aed ot Flee wh gipbsre ek eure 2 EEL eh gue Be eae ae tas) IE ha bL gf all ues PG Ed th fe et fume 2 Lele dei i We flea oe et bA Sw eee =! 2 if alle thee, PLE ad ftae Soe eae abel PAE 2S hot J yt? nat Mae lsaagsl are Pee Aine Ag = La al Spe Se fee Nee DEM DG 07 IE. PKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH = MAGAZINE &. ee telo esas wid Maree aoenkee suey We ane Gott ghee bow the Ut heft wi ee PAE eh yee le Alle ae ae ay fuses ot Qe Fil a Pee AS bese 2 ot iH Me wit Geet ot Fee wire Fy SoeetL a ty Lisi OA A Ae eA Lut ek wet pL Fide tabs! Af sqeohatte nad tee PTL ede its! ete eu el Pee DF tae a folly dy ell Chal oa Ale ot eet Seat sally ot Ae dt ed ie Lea Grtlag LIAL Ut tala fFbseutee Lats a Fda Suter Geet tl oF L fre iel ft cede agit lf Cote LS Li hy dig eletol ale. Ek En Lin Polbed nce > Uke PURE al He Be lae Hi Ube ee AUER Ue at Leo a a we bbe =, 4 lt eet P(e bbe ete Fin pet ere lb bie Lear Bess Pilil fot Beg ty plete Afar iA Patel gS = ecldl Ue Uap st el Uva he PE InP be Pcie e et Se cet IF Rae aha ar ale tel glut LE Bete Bet tad asus! b die while Erte Gewpee pote ete yale Be (Ath eele Be vlads foe che ae fp A eit oir Oe Sted Eel un _ we bepatisle pat es Ae eter Mee Oet wel gt ot” Babee wl UL ELEC Meg 2 teehee ected Se reel A ao tes SEM gt tt 2Lete ata BA a sR) ~2 LP teh lens! Etdey ar) DEM DG 07 IE. PKMONTHLY AZEEM ENGLISH = MAGAZINE we AU ASL prs ee we eA Sones feels Ht bourse eo Tbe ge ae Wael ide! eV eal wou ee MSL SH Hoge eh im MLE el pel BP tell Per wobble tar afl wal Aceh ote! Gifu Gee -tatutb wut Grae cee bere wut sien ee U3 Uasle PAL rr wal Bee tL be ee a ed Cre (dla e te otis feds sea? be Awe Sy ole a age ar 2 Us bes depo SE he wet bee BL eet Gaterdecn yh tle ee uvlepd eeu eee oie we POEL eas rlite ot Ay aire al cel '* Ee ee BP ihe ae Mie get Ne SABI Ae al rin eeu lle eek Het ~t orth tave topo ter ut Be tet Toasts Pot bod Pt Poe tn otto bel Be tot Eee abe PELE et Ae Vee leery pL eee eth Be et tee SU “UE et tF ate eet ee a Gotlag? wok s al eA pee Reg UUW es heb gees Gat ale eg Ln eee whee. Grivile nA inden Pee Kure einen pele cok use Onl ee F et eee te eweh le LE DEM DG 07 IE. PK