Baseline Technologies

Dr. Bibhas Ghoshal

IIIT Allahabad
Baseline Technologies

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Machine to Machine (M2M) Communication

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Cyber Physical Systems

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Web of Things

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 M2M Systems
• Machine-to-Machine (M2M) refers to networking of machines/devices
for the purpose of remote monitoring and control and data exchange.
Such interactions occur using cloud infrastructure. M2M offers means for
managing devices and device interactions.

Book website: http://www.internet-of-things-book.com

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M2M Area Network
• An M2M area network comprises of machines (or M2M nodes) which have embedded hardware
modules for sensing, actuation and communication.

• Various communication protocols can be used for M2M local area networks such as
ZigBee, Bluetooth, ModBus, M-Bus, Wireless M-Bus, Power Line Communication (PLC),
6LoWPAN, IEEE 802.15.4, etc.

• The communication network provides connectivity to remote M2M area

networks.

• While the M2M area networks use either proprietary or non-IP based communication
protocols, the communication network uses IP-based networks.

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 M2M Gateway
Since non-IP based protocols are used within M2M area networks, the
M2M nodes within one network cannot communicate with nodes in an
external network

To enable the communication between remote M2M area networks,

M2M gateways are used.

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M2M Versus IoT

Machine Vs. Things : M2M systems have homogeneous machines with M2M area
network, while Things in IoT refers to physical objects with unique identifiers which can
sense and communicate with external environment or their internal physical states
Hardware Vs. Software : Emphasis of M2M is on H/W while IoT emphasizes more on
Software
Communication Protocols : M2M uses non-IP based communication protocol for
communication within M2M area network

Data Collection and Analysis : In M2M systems data is collected in point solutions and
often in on-premises storage infrastructure while in IoT data is collected in Cloud
Applications : Since M2M data is collected in point solutions at on-premises storage, thus,
they are accessed through on-premises application while in IoT based systems data is
accessed through Cloud applications

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M2M Vs. IoT Communication

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Web Of Things (WoT)

Web of Things refers software architectural styles and programming patterns that allows real life
objects to be a part of world wide web.
IoT integrated with web is known as WoT. Web is one of the general applications of internet.
Similarly an application layer is provided by WoT which simplifies the way we deal with IoT devices.
It uses the existing web in a better and faster way for the betterment of humanity.
Web of Things (WoT) describes a set of standards by the W3C for solving the interoperability issues
of different Internet of Things (IoT) platforms and application domains
From developer’s perspective, enables control of IoT resources through mainstream web
technologies such as HTML5.0, Javascript, PHP, Ajax etc. - based on REST principles

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WoT

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WoT vs. IoT

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Cyber Physical Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation, networking, and physical processes.

Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, with feedback loops where

physical processes affect computations and vice versa.

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