witsh CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- NON INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING

MATERIAL WEEK 1: TOPIC 2- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES 

The history of corrections is riddled with the best of intentions and the worst of abuses, correctional practices and
facilities (e.g., galley, slavery, transportation, jails and prisons, and community corrections) were created, to remove both poor
and criminal from urban streets or at least to conrol and shape them. Prisons and community corrections were also created to
avoid the use of more violent or coercive responses to such folk. (Stohr, M. K., & Walsh, A. (2018) 

So, here’s what happened… 

13 Century: Popularly known as Securing Sanctuary 

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In the 13 century, a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refuge in any consecrated church (a church that was
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declared sacred) for a period of 40 days, at the end of which time he is compelled to leave the said place by following a road or
path assigned to him. 

‘If any thief or homicide or other guilty person flee from fear of death to this church, let him not be harmed, but let him
be released wholly free’ (Davis 1913: charter no. 62). (Lippert, R. K. and S. Rehaag (2013) 

16 Century: Exiling Criminals 

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Transportation or exiling of criminals in 

England was authorized. At the end of the 16  th

century, Russia and other European countries 

followed this system. It partially relieved 
overcrowding of prisons. 

Professor’s Discussion: Criminals were 

being relocated to a distant place, 
transportation removed the offender from 
society, mostly permanently, but was seen as 
more merciful than capital punishment. This 
transportation/exiling of criminals removes the 
comfort of being near their families. 

Between 1788 and 1868, 165,000 convicts were transported to Australia. In the records compiled by one of the Bedford Prison
Governors, Robert Evans Roberts. The Gaol records show many individuals being sentenced to 7 or 14 years. (Gooii. (n.d.) 

Why transportation of criminals was abandoned in 1826. 

In the 1830's, anti-transport champion Sir William Molesworth, a Member of the House of Commons Select
committee, concluded it did not work in deterring crime and should be abolished in favour of gang labour on public works.
(Gooii. (n.d.) 

By this time several well established colonial areas were refusing to accept the convicts. They were attracting emigrants
who could carry out the labouring work. Settlers who had arrived legally resented having prisoners sent to them.
Transportation had also become very expensive, and so the government looked for cheaper solutions to the criminal
problems at home. (Gooii. (n.d.) 

TRANSPORTATION USED TO EXILE CRIMINALS 

GALLEYS 
- long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals. Credit: Weapons and Warfare 
HULKS 
- decrepit transport, former warships used to house prisoners in the 18 and 19 century, they are abandoned warships converted
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into prisons, also called “floating hells”. 

17 Century to late 18 Century: Death Penalty 

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Death penalty became prevalent as a form of punishment. 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- NON INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 1: TOPIC 3- METHODS OF DEATH PENALTY EXECUTED IN THE

PHILIPPINES and OTHER FORMS OF EXECUTION 
 Credit:
Michigan Radio 

METHODS OF DEATH PENALTY EXECUTED IN THE PHILIPPINES 

● GARROTE – This became popular when 3 friar’s priests commonly addressed as GOMBURZA were executed in 1872 by
the Spanish colonial rules for exposing the realities of the church. In 1902, the Philippine Commission abolished the use of
garrote as a means of executing criminals, and substituted in place thereof execution by hanging. 
● MUSKETRY – National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal died due to the alleged rebellion to the Spanish government. Drug lord Lim
Seng met his death sentence by firing squad in 1973 at Fort Bonifacio during Martial Law. 
● BEHEADING - Guerilla apprehended were beheaded by Samurai Sword at the Japanese Kempeitai Garrison in 1943. 
● HANGING – the famous tiger of Malaysia Yamashita died from hanging from the 13th footsteps platform in 1946. 
● ELECTRIC CHAIR – The Muntinlupa electric chair has claimed more than 70 lives convicted of capital offenses since its
installation 4-decades ago. One notable case that used an electric chair was Marciál "Baby" Ama, electrocuted at the age of
16 on October 4, 1961. He was credited for leading the biggest jail-riot in Muntinlupa Penitentiary history which ended in
nine prisoners death with one beheaded. 
● LETHAL INJECTION – While the 1987 constitution abolished death sentence, however, Congress in 1996 passed RA
7659 as amended by RA 8177 that Imposes death penalty for heinous crime by lethal injection. 
- Leo Pilo Echegaray (11 July 1960 – 5 February 1999) was the first Filipino to be meted the death penalty after its
reinstatement in the Philippines in 1993. He was executed by LETHAL INJECTION and his death sparked
national debate over the legality and morality of the death penalty, which was later suspended on 15 April 2006. 
- Drugs used for Lethal Injection are Pancuronium-Bromide = a drug capable of paralyzing the muscles. Potassium
Chloride= capable of stopping the heartbeat within seconds, this is commonly used in heart-bypass operations.
Midazolam = to sedate. 

OTHER FORMS OF EXECUTION 

● STONING – It is a form of execution wherein the condemned person is pelted with stones
● BEHEADING – A form of capital punishment practiced in ancient Greece and Europe, the punishment is reserved for
offender of high rank and for notorious criminals. The condemned man’s neck is placed on the wooden curved wood specially
designed for the purpose. Most often, the doomed-man is black hooded with both hands tied at the back before his head is
positioned at the chopping block. At a given signal the head is axed and the severed head falls on the truck provided therefore.
Today, beheading continues to be the method of executions for capital punishment in many Muslim countries including China. 
● CRUCIFICTION – A person convicted to death was nailed on the cross with both hands and feet to add ignominy to his
agony and humiliation he was crowned with the specter of vines of spines on his head. Then the Roman pears were thrust to
his flesh body and died of asphyxiation. 
● BURNING AT STAKE – Form of execution wherein the convict is tied in a pole and then set on fire alive. 
● FEEDING TO THE LIONS – The offender is thrown in a lion’s den. 
● PILLORY – Bevier’s Dictionary defines pillory as a wooden machine, in which the neck of the doomed culprit is inserted
thereof and usually executed in public as a means of punishing the offenders in Europe and Colonial America. 
- Pillory is a wooden frame with three curved holes in it (two for the left and right wrists and the middle curved hole is for the
neck) and mounted on the post upon a platform, the condemned man was left to die at the mercy of unfriendly weather.
Other similar forms with holes for the offender’s feet are called STOCK. 
● DECAPITATION – derived from a LATIN word “DE” meaning FROM and “CAPUT “meaning a HEAD. Instead of using
axe, the method employed is by the use of a sword and the practice is widespread in China and Muslim States. 
● FLAGELLATION – An X-designed log was cross-joined and declined at 65 degrees backward. The hooded doomed-man
was tied on the cross-x with both hands spread upward while the feet were spread apart. The con-man is bared naked except
with the skimpy short pants. 
- The whipping rod is made of stripped hard leather with brass buttons laid across and embedded at the tips. At the given signal,
six men will whip 30 lashes each alternately and will continue, except upon the intercession of the victim or the State which
shall, this intervention of the aggrieved to stop is tantamount to pardon and the co-man shall be released to freedom. 
● GARROTE – An iron collar attached upon a scaffold formerly used in Spain and Portugal. The convict is seated on the
improvised chair with both hands and feet tied. Then, the victim's neck is placed on the collar attached to it, finally, the iron-
collar is slowly tightened by the screw at the back chair by the executioner until the death convict is pronounced dead. 
- This method of execution was abolished in the Phil. By virtue of Act.451 ● GUILLOTIN – A device for cutting
off people’s heads developed in 1792 by Dr. Joseph Ignacio Guillotin a member of the French National Assembly, he
proposed that all executions must be uniform and painless. 
● ELECTRIC CHAIR – The convict is seated in a chair made of electrical conducting materials with strap of electrodes on
wrist, ankles and head. Upon orders, the lever will be pulled-up and the fatal volts of alternating current pass the body until
the convict dies. If ever the convict is still alive, the lever shall be pulled-again until he is pronounced dead. 
● HANGING- Mostly the execution is conducted at dawn. The executioner will place a cloth over his head. Steel weights are
strapped to the legs of the death convict to ensure that he/she will die quickly. Then the rope will be placed around the neck
of the convict, and, finally, the platform will be removed. 
● MUSKETRY – Most often, the convict is black hooded with hands tied and may face or snub the firing squad. 
● GAS CHAMBER- Invented after World War I by a Medical Corps Officer of the US Army as an alternative to electric chair.
In medical terms the convict will die from Hypoxia, which means death due to the cutting-off of Oxygen in the brain. The
convict is placed in a sealed chamber where the carbon monoxide is introduced until the convict is pronounced dead. 

Professor’s Discussion: Today's corrections system is much different than the early punishment system. History of corrections
has evolved throughout the years, from savage punishment to the enlightenment stage where people are being punished
depending on the gravity of the crime they have committed. Prisons are considered as unique institutions. They were established
to be responsible for the custody, treatment and rehabilitation of offenders. Correctional administration has been more
concerned with the restoration and rehabilitation of criminals in which their main goal is to bring back the offender to the
society and prevent him/her from committing another crime. 

However, even with so many improvements that have been imposed to correctional administration, correction is still
considered as the weakest pillar of the criminal justice system. Why? because they fail to reform some offenders and prevent
them from returning to criminal life. But as a criminology student, you have the opportunity to strengthen the ability of the
correction system in the Philippines. As a future law enforcement officer, you can change the perception of most of the people
and make the correction system a more reliable pillar of the Philippine criminal justice system. 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL

 WEEK 1: TOPIC 2- EARLY CODES OF PUNISHMENT

 CODE OF HAMMURABI – A famous code enacted by King Hammurabi of Babylonia at about 2123-2031 B.C. King
Hammurabi was a conqueror and Lawgiver through a reign of forty three years. Under him, the warring states lower
Tigris-Euphrates valley was forced into unity and peace. This code mingles that of the most enlightened laws with the
most barbarous punishments and sets trial by ordeal. Babylonia at this time was one of the richest cities the world ever
known. Its people were Semitic, with dark hair and features. Historically and ethnically, Babylonia was a product of the
union of Akkadians and Sumerians. The code of Hammurabi which was engraved on a diorite cylinder unearthed at
Susa in 1902 had been carried from Babylonia to Elam about 1100 B.C. This influential code is now in Paris. (Photo
Credit: History.com)

 CODE OF UR-NAMMU (SUMERIAN CODES) – were those of Kings Lipit-Ishtar and Eshnunna of Sumeria – a
kingdom before its gration to Akkadia to become Babylonia. The Code of Ur-Nammu is the oldest surviving law
code. This text was written on clay tablets in the Sumerian language and is reckoned to have been produced towards the
end of the 3rd millennium BC. The Code of Ur-Nammu may be divided into two parts, the first is the prologue and the
second is the laws themselves. Apart from being the oldest surviving law code, the Code of Ur-Nammu is also important
as it gives us a glimpse of the way justice was conceived in ancient Sumerian society.   (Photo Credit: (Dhwty. (2018,
October 12) 

 CODE OF DRACO – was a code of excessive harshness codified by Draco. An Athenian statesman who was known
for exacting extremely cruel laws. His laws designated that almost every violation of law was a capital offense, usually
punished by death. The penalties were said to have been written in blood. (7 century B.C. or 621 B.C.)
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 CODE OF SOLON – was codified by Solon an Athenian ruler who repeated the laws
of Draco by eliminating death penalty for a number of offenses, however, he retained the death penalty for the offense
of the murder. Solon was born to a well-to-do family of Athens. He worked as a merchant in export and import trade
and considered himself relatively poor. He is called the immortal legislator because the contemporary legislatures use
the term solon to refer to a lawmaker. 
 The body of laws drawn up by Solon were credited by later Athenians as being very wide-ranging, covering such
diverse matters as inheritances, funerals, adultery, theft, damages, and the working of political institutions. (Cartwright,
M.)

 ROMAN LAW– (Twelve tables) made in the mid 6 century B.C. when Rome was in transition from Kingdom to
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Republic. 12 tables were the foundation of all throughout Roman history drafted by “Decembers” – the special
commission of patricians. In A.D. 527, Emperor Justinian tasked 12 experts to review laws of Rome and made a new
digest “Institute of Justinian” 

In classical Rome, the twelve tables were written laws organized into twelve sections. They were put up for all of Rome
to see! They were made, trying to be fair, each applied to every citizen, no matter the consequences.
 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 1: TOPIC 2- IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF CORRECTIONS IN THE WORLD SETTING 

1. William Penn (1614-1718) 

● first leader to prescribe imprisonment as 
correctional treatment for major offenders. 
● responsible for the abolition of death penalty and 
torture as a form of punishment 
● William Penn was the founder of the state of 
Pennsylvania. When he was twenty-two, he 
became a Quaker and was disinherited by his 
 family. He wrote many pamphlets on the Quaker 
religion, leading to him being imprisoned in the 
Tower of London in 1668. Penn governed 
Pennsylvania in its early stages, handling real 
estate, attracting other religious minorities, and 
creating the state's legal system. (Digital Jane 
Addams) 

2. Charles Montesquieu (1689-1755)- 

● A French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice ● Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron
de La Brède et de Montesquieu, was born on January 19th, 1689 at La Brède, near Bordeaux, to a noble and prosperous
family. He was educated at the Oratorian Collège de Juilly, received a law degree from the University of Bordeaux in
1708, and went to Paris to continue his legal studies. (Bok, H. (2014, April 02)

3. Cesare Bonesana Marchese de Beccaria (1737-1794) - 

● presented the humanistic goal of law. 
● He was one of the greatest minds of the Age of 
Enlightenment in the 18th century. His writings on 
criminology and economics were well ahead of their time. 

4. Jeremy Bentham (1746-1832) - the greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal Law. He believes that
whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime, the crime rate would
go down.
5. John Howard (1726-1790) - Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773 
who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. Father of 
Prison Reform who during his lifetime conducted an 
extensive tour and study of prisons in Britain and on the 
continent. He advocated a regime of solitary confinement, 
hard labour and religious instruction. The objective of 
imprisonment, he believed, was reform and rehabilitation, 
not just punishment. (Parliament Uk) 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 1: TOPIC 2- DEVELOPMENT OF CORRECTIONS IN THE

PHILIPPINE SETTING 
I. INTRODUCTION 

The Philippine Corrections System is composed of the institutions in the government, civil society and the
business sector involved in the confinement, correction and restoration of persons charged for and/or convicted of delinquent
acts or crimes. The public sector formulates sound policies and rules on corrections, penology and jail management,
rehabilitation and restoration. All prisons or penitentiaries, jails and detention centres are under the direct control and
supervision of the government. The government, thus, plays a dominant role in the correction and rehabilitation of
offenders. 
 The civil society which includes the non-government organizations, people’s organizations, religious organizations,
academe and the media, provide support services such as health services, training, livelihood, spiritual guidance and
counselling. It is also active in advocacy and social mobilization for the protection of inmates’ human rights and
enhancement of access to justice. 

The business sector has minimal participation in corrections services but offers tremendous opportunities for
improved efficiency and public sector exit options. 

Adherence to the United Nations (U.N.) Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners and the UN
Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures. The Philippines adheres to the provisions of the UN Standard
Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners and UN Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures (the Tokyo
Rules) and other international human rights instruments which define and guarantee the rights of inmates. Some of these
provisions are already embodied in the Philippine Constitution and in its laws, rules and regulations and ordinances.
Section 2, Article of the Constitution, moreover, provides that “The Philippines... adopts the generally accepted principles
of international law...”. 

The Philippine Correctional System: Institution Based and Community Based Approach 

Both systems are being implemented on a fragmentary basis by three (3) Departments of the Executive
Branch of the government. These are: the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior & Local Government,
and the Department of Social Welfare & Development 

(1) Department of Justice (DOJ) 

The DOJ takes care of national prisoners. The National 
Prison and Penal Farms is supervised and administered 
by the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR), this agency is 
tasked to rehabilitate national prisoners so they can 
become productive members of society upon 
completion of their sentence 

These are the prisoners whose penalty ranges from three 

years and one day to life imprisonment and those 
convicted with the death penalty or a fine of more than 
five thousand pesos, or regardless of the length of sentence, to one sentenced for violation of custom law or other laws
under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs or for violation of immigration and election laws, or to one sentenced
to serve two or more sentence the total of which exceeds three years. (Photo Credit: Inquirer.Net) 

National Prisoners are also referred to under the law as “Insular Prisoners”. 

Here are the Seven (7) Penal Farms and Prisons of supervised by the Bureau of Corrections under DOJ: 

● New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City 

● Correctional Institution for Women in Mandaluyong City 
 ● Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan 
● Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro 
● San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City 
● Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte 
● Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davao 

PROF. SHARINA JANE TANTOCO-PERALTA, MSCJ

(2) The Department of the Interior and Local Government 
(DILG) 
The DILG takes care of the municipal, city, and district jails. The provincial jails
and sub-provincial jails are operated by the provincial local government units under
the supervision and management of their respective governors in
each province and whose penalty ranges from six months and one day up to three
years. 

Local jails namely, the municipal jails, city jails, and district jails are under the
supervision and administration of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) and whose penalty ranges from one day to six months (for municipal jail inmates); and one day to
three years (for city jail inmates). 

The BJMP was created pursuant to Republic Act 6975 signed on December 13,1990 and became known as the DILG Act
of 1990. (Photo Credit: Pinterest) 

What is a District Jail? 

A district jail is a consolidation of all inmates in two or four municipal jails whose inmate population is less than 10 monthly,
provided it will be located near the Metropolitan Trial Court or Regional Trial Court. The purpose is to maximize the manpower
and other logistical requirements. 

(3) The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) 

The DSWD takes care of the sentenced Youth offenders. which are located in the ten (10) Regional Youth Rehabilitation
Centers nationwide.
History and Development of Corrections in the Philippine Setting 

In the late 1980s, institutions for the confinement of convicts and the detention of those awaiting trial included a variety of
national prisons and penal farms, as well as numerous small local jails and lockups. In general, the national prisons housed
more serious offenders, and those serving short-term sentences were held in local facilities. The prison system at the
national level was supervised by the Bureau of Prisons, under the Department of Justice. The bureau was responsible for
the safekeeping of prisoners and their rehabilitation through general and moral education and technical training in industry
and agriculture. The bureau also oversaw the operation of prison agro-industries and the production of food commodities.
In 1991 the newly-formed Philippine National Police took over administration of local jails. 
 The government maintains 7 correctional institutions and penal farms. The nation's largest prison is the
National Penitentiary in Muntinlupa (New Bilibid Prison) not because of its land area but because of the number of
inmates it has. The penitentiary served as the central facility for those sentenced to life imprisonment or long-term
incarceration. It was divided into two camps to separate those serving maximum and minimum penalties. The
Correctional Institution for Women was located in Metropolitan Manila and currently located at Mandaluyong City.
Combination prison and penal farms also are located in Zamboanga City, and in Palawan, Mindoro Occidental, and in
several Mindanao provinces. Prison conditions in the Philippines are generally poor, and prison life is harsh. 

Some prison inmates are eligible for parole and probation. Before serving their sentence, felons, who were not
charged with subversion or insurgency, or had not been on probation before, could apply for probation. Probationers
are required to meet with their parole officers monthly, to avoid any further offense, and to comply with all other
court-imposed conditions. After serving an established minimum sentence, certain prisoners could apply to their parole
board for release. The board could also recommend pardon to the president for prisoners it believed to have reformed
and who presented no menace to society. 

The first penal institution in the country was established even before the effectiveness of the Spanish Penal
Code and while the Recompilation laws were still the existing laws of the Philippine islands. This prison facility is the
Bilibid Prison which was constructed in 1847. It was only recognized and formally designated as the Insular
Penitentiary through a Spanish Royal Decree, issued in 1865. 

San Ramon Prison and Penal Farms 

Twenty-two years after the establishment of the Bilibid
Insular Penitentiary, the “San Ramon Prison and Penal Farms”
was established 1869 in the Southern tip of Zamboanga.
The Zamboanga Peninsula was also a banishment site for political
non-conformists coming from Luzon and the Visayas. This is one of
the reasons why our own national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal who
fought for reforms, which the island colonial
authorities found objectionable and subversive to their tastes, was exiled
in Dapitan. Credit: BuCor 
San Ramon Prison and Penal Farms was named in memory of its
founder, Ramon Blanco, a Spanish Captain in the Royal
Army. 

It was closed during the Spanish-American War of 1898

but reopened in 1904 after the victorious Americans grabbed possession of the Philippines from Spain and the
Americans established control over this colony. The land area is 1,524.6 hectares. The principal product is copra,
which is the biggest source of income of the Bureau of Prisons. 

Iwahig Penal Colony (Photo Credit: Google Search) 

In 1904, another penal colony was established in Iwahig, Palawan on the order of Governor Forbes, then
incumbent Secretary of Commerce and Police. The establishment of this penal facility was made on the suggestion of
Governor Luke E. Wright who felt the need for an institution designed for incorrigible offenders. 
An American construction foreman left Bilibid on November 16,1904 with 16 prisoners and sailed to Palawan to start
building the colony there. 

In November 1, 1905, Reorganization Act 1407 was passed into law mandating the Philippine Commission to
create the Bureau of Prisons under the Department of Commerce and Police. Later, jurisdiction was assigned to the
Department of Instruction, (the predecessor of the Department of Education), and finally to the Department of Justice. 
 The Iwahig Penal Colony was planned as a destination for maximum security prisoners. Instead, convicts who
were well behaved and pliable were assigned to this facility. One of the reasons for opening this facility is to convert
the 38,611 hectares of fertile lands into production areas for revenue, apart from prisoner rehabilitation. Today, this
penal institution is considered as one of the most open penal institutions in the world. It was from this facility that the
term “Prisons without Walls'' had its beginning. 

Iwahig was divided into four (4) sub-colonies for a more practical consideration of easier administration and
management. These sub-colonies are Santa Lucia, Inagawan, Montible, and Central. Each sub-colony operates as an
autonomous institution under the management of a penal supervisor. The colony allocated 1,000 hectares, which was
distributed to release inmates who no longer had any desire to return to their original homes and who instead wanted to
settle for good in Palawan. This is the Tagumpay Settlement. The prisoners 
were awarded six (6) hectares farm lots as 
homestead. 

Correctional Institution for Women 

On November 27,1929, Republic Act 3579 was passed into law establishing the Correctional Institution for Women. This
penal institution was constructed on an 18-hectare piece of land in Mandaluyong. 
Before the construction of this women’s institution, prisoners were confined in a portion of the Bilibid Prison.
In 1934, the position of female superintendent was created to superintendent the operation of this penal facility. 

Today, the institute is run entirely by female personnel with the exception of the perimeter guards who are
male. 

New Bilibid Prison 

The New Bilibid Prison was constructed in 1936 in Muntinlupa in 552 hectares of land and in 1941. This site
was previously acquired by the city of Muntinlupa to become the site for the Boys Training School. The Bilibid Prison
in Manila was renamed Old Bilibid Prison to avoid confusion and presently known as the Manila City Jail. This was
constructed by virtue of Proclamation 414 in 1931 as an enabling order to Commonwealth Act No. 3732. These
official edicts were also the official basis for the opening of the Davao Penal Colony. 

The New Bilibid Prison houses maximum security convicts including those in the death row. It is considered
as one of the biggest prisons in the world in terms of the population of prisoners. The central office of the Bureau of
Corrections is also housed here. 

Outside the compound and within the reservation, three other satellite prisons are situated here. The first is the minimum
security camp, called Camp Bukang Liwayway, the name implying the upcoming release of prisoners destined here.
Minimum security inmates are those with severe physical handicap as certified by the chief prison medical officer, 65
years old and above, and not on appeal or without pending case; those who served at least half of their minimum sentence
or a third of their maximum sentence excluding Good Conduct Time Allowance; and those with only 6 months to serve
before expiration of maximum sentence. 
 The second is Camp Sampaguita, which houses medium security prisoners. Medium security inmates are
those with less than 20 years sentence; remand inmates or detainees below 20 years sentence; inmates aged eighteen
years old and younger regardless of case or sentence; those who have 2 or more escape records but have served 8 years
since recommitment; those with one record of escape but have served five (5) years as maximum security and upon
recommendation of the superintendent. 

The Youth Rehabilitation Center for juvenile offenders is also situated here. 

The third facility is the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC) which receives newly-committed prisoners coming
from jails nationwide. Inmates accepted by the RDC will be studied and classified, the purpose of which is the
formulation of the individualized treatment program designed to achieve the most successful rehabilitation. 

Upon admission at the RDC, the inmate or detainee, if he has a pending case, will be put in quarantine in a
designated cell for a minimum of five days, during which he shall be administered a physical exam, mental exam,
orientation, private interview, and others. 

Davao Penal Colony 

The Davao Penal Colony was established in January 21,1932 by virtue of Republic Act 3732 and Proclamation
No. 414. It covers an area of about 18,000 hectares. Retired General Paulino Santos, the incumbent Prisons Director at
the time, welcomed the first contingent of prisoners. 

During the Japanese occupation, Japanese Imperial Army officers transferred the prisoners who were destined
here to the Inagawan sub-colony of the Iwahig Penal Colony. Before the Japanese left the facility due to the return of
the Americans, they 
destroyed all its buildings, machineries, and industries. By August 1946, however, the colony was able to re-establish
its pre-war status. 

At present the Davao Penal Colony houses medium and minimum security prisoners. They work in the open
fields escorted by the colony custodial force. It is now the biggest abaca plantation in the country. It is a major banana
producer having secured a joint venture agreement with Tagum Development Company, with approximately 3,000
hectares of banana plantation. These banana products are exported to Japan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and many other
countries. 

The Davao Penal Colony has two sub-colonies: Panabo and Kapalong, each with its own penal supervisor. It
also has a settlement site for released prisoners who no longer wish to return to their homes but choose to remain in
Davao as homesteaders. This settlement area is called the Tanglaw Settlement. 

Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm 

On September 17,1954, then president Ramon Magsaysay issued Proclamation No. 72 allocating 16,000
hectares of land in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro for the setting up of another penal colony. The Sablayan Penal
Colony and Farm was established to meet the increasing population of prisoners that is already causing serious
congestion as the New Bilibid Prison that was supposed to confine only 3,000 had a population more than twice the
capacity. 
 The actual land area of the Sablayan Penal and Colony Farm is 16,408.5 and its principal activity is
agriculture, wherein rice is the main product. 

Leyte Regional Prison 

The last penal facility to be built by then-Bureau of Prisons is the Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte.
This was established in January 16,1973 on the orders issued by then-President Ferdinand Marcos. 

PROF. SHARINA JANE TANTOCO-PERALTA, MSCJ

 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING

MATERIAL WEEK 6: TOPIC 2- ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF

BJMP 

ORGANIZATIONS AND KEY POSITIONS 

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, also referred to as the Jail Bureau, was created pursuant to

Section 60 to 65, Chapter V, RA No. 6975, and initially consisting of uniformed officers and members of the Jail

Management and Penology service as constituted under Presidential Decree No. 765. RA 9263 provides that the Bureau

shall be headed by a Chief who is assisted by two (2) Deputy Chiefs, one (1) for Administration and another for

Operations, and one (1) Chief of Directorial Staff, all of whom are appointed by the President upon the

recommendation of the DILG Secretary from among the qualified officers with the rank of at least Senior Superintendent

in the BJMP. The Chief of the BJMP carries the rank of Director and serves a tour of duty that must not exceed four (4)

years, unless extended by the President in times of war and other national emergencies. Officers who have retired or are

within six (6) months from their compulsory retirement age are not qualified to be appointed as Jail Director or

designated as BJMP Chief. 

The second officer in command of the BJMP is the Deputy Chief for Administration, the third officer in

command is the Deputy Chief for Operations, and the fourth officer in command is The Chief of the Directorial

Staff, all of whom carry the rank of Chief Superintendent. They are assisted by the Directors of the Directorates in the

National Headquarters who carry the rank of at least Senior Superintendent. 

The BJMP operates and maintains Regional Offices in each of the administrative regions of the country, headed

by a Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at least Senior Superintendent. The
 Regional Director is assisted by an Assistant Regional Director for Administration, Assistant Regional Director for

Operations, and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff, who are all officers with the rank of at least Superintendent. 

The National Headquarters is the Command and Staff Office of the BJMP, and is composed of the Command

Group, Directorates and Management Support Staff , namely: 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 

Command Group: 

1. Chief, BJMP 
2. Deputy Chief for Administration 
3. Deputy Chief for Operation 
4. Chief of Directorial Staff 

Directorates 
 1. Directorate for Personnel and Records Management 
2. Directorate for Human Resource Development 
3. Directorate for Operations 
4. Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development 
5. Directorate for Logistics 
6. Directorate for Comptrollership 
7. Directorate for Program Development 
8. Directorate for Intelligence 
9. Directorate for Investigation and Prosecution 
10. Directorate for Information Communications and Technology Management 
11. Directorate for Health Service 

Regional Office. 

The BJMP operates and maintains Regional Offices in each of the administrative regions of the country, headed
by a Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at least Senior Superintendent. The Regional
Director is assisted by an Assistant Regional Director for Administration, Assistant Regional Director for Operations,
and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff, who are all officers with the rank of at least Superintendent. 

Jail Provincial Administrator's Office. 

In every province, the BJMP operates and maintains a Provincial Jail Administrator’s Office headed by a
Provincial Administrator, to oversee the implementation of jail services of all district, city and municipal jails within its
territorial jurisdiction. 

District Jail 

Within large cities or a group of clustered municipalities, a District Jail headed by a District Warden may be
established. 

Professor’s Discussion: DISTRICT Jail is a jail where they put the consolidation of all inmates from two or
four municipal jails whose inmate population is less than 10 monthly, provided it will be located near the Metropolitan
Trial Court or Regional Trial Court. The purpose is to maximize the manpower and other logistical requirements. For
example, if there are two or four municipal jails whose number of inmates are not exceeding 10 people for a month.
Those inmates will be consolidated into 1 district jail to maximize the manpower and cut down the cost of basic
necessities. 

City and Municipal Jails. 

The BJMP operates and maintains City and Municipal Jails, each headed by a City or Municipal Warden, as the
case may be. 
 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL

WEEK 6: TOPIC 3- BJMP MAJOR PROGRAMS 

MAJOR PROGRAMS 

There are four (4) major programs under the mandate of BJMP and they are the following: 

1. Inmates custody, security and control program. 

2. Inmates welfare and development program. 
3. Decongestion program. 
4. Good governance. 

CORE PROGRAMS 

A. Provisions of Basic Needs 

All PDL under custody are provided with three (3) meals

(breakfast, lunch and supper). Adequate supply
of potable water is made available to them at all times.
Likewise, upon admission, each PDL is issued his or her
PDL uniform consisting of the yellow shirt and brown
jogging pants. Hygiene kits are also distributed to the
PDL on a monthly or quarterly basis. Occasionally, the
provision of basic needs for the PDL is
supplemented by the food and non-food donations from
local government units, non-government
organizations, business sector and private
individuals.

B. Health Services 

Health services for PDL consist of interventions towards the prevention, promotion, treatment of illnesses and
rehabilitation. All PDL undergo medical assessment upon admission. During confinement, PDL are provided with health
education and counseling, medical consultations, regular health monitoring, and provided medicines subject to availability. To
maintain the physical health of PDL, they are allowed daily sunning and physical exercises. 
C. Educational Program 

The educational program aims to provide opportunities for PDL

to achieve mandatory education. For this reason, BJMP
adopted the Alternative Learning System (ALS) of
the Department of Education for the PDL to earn their
elementary and high school diplomas. Teachers in the jail-based
ALS are BJMP Personnel who are professional
teachers and trained on the Instructional Method for ALS. In
jails where there are no personnel trained to handle ALS
classes, the ALS teachers would be coming from the
Department of Education. All PDL enrolled in the ALS earn their
respective Time Allowance for Teaching, Studying and
Mentoring (TASTM) pursuant to RA 10592.

D. Skills Training/ Enhancement Program 

The objective of the skills training program is to equip the PDL

with technical/vocational skills which they can use in seeking
employment or starting their own business after release
from confinement. To make the PDL as competitive as other potential
job seekers, the skills training preferred are those accredited by the
Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA) so that the PDL will be able to
earn National Certifications. 

E. Livelihood Program 
The livelihood program presents income-generating activities to PDL
during their confinement where they are able to earn for their personal
upkeep and for financial support to their families. The capital for the livelihood project is either from BJMP for BJMP-
funded projects or from the common fund of a group of PDL for non BJMP funded projects. Examples of continuing and most
popular livelihood projects of PDL are bags and purses, bonsai made of beads, pastries, rugs, paper crafts, and wood crafts. To
help the PDL earn from these livelihood projects, the jail unit Welfare and Development Officer (UWDO) facilitates the sale of
the products in display centers or livelihood caravans organized by the local government units and other service providers. In
addition, online or e-marketing of PDL products is also run by the jail unit Welfare and Development Office.

F. Behavioral Management/ Modification Program 

BJMP implements the Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) to manage and modify behaviors of PDL
with the goal of positively changing their thinking and behavior through structured group processes. The program endeavors to
teach and model positive thinking, pro-social values, good decision-making, and positive coping. Through the program, PDL are
trained on socially acceptable ways of behaving and relating with their fellow PDL and with personnel and visitors thereby
fostering a therapeutic jail environment and maintaining a peaceful communal atmosphere.

G. Interfaith Program 
PDL are provided with the opportunity to practice their faith while under custody without discrimination, subject only to usual
safety and security measures. The BJMP chaplains and imams provide different religious services such as but not limited to
mass celebrations, communal prayers, spiritual counseling, catechism, and others. Religious organizations and their
respective ministers/pastors and leaders are accredited by BJMP to facilitate their regular contact with PDL for the provision of
religious services.

H. Cultural and Sports Program 

The cultural program aims to promote camaraderie among PDL, encourage the development of self-confidence and sharing of
cultural talents as a form of positive entertainment. Cultural activities allowed in jails include dance, singing, theatre/drama, and
art workshops. Also, through this program, PDL experiences some sense of social 
normalcy through the communal celebrations of socio-cultural events like birthdays, Valentine’s Day, Mothers’ and Fathers’
Day, Christmas, Lent and Easter, Ramadan, local festivals and other similar activities.

I. Paralegal Program 

The main objective of the Paralegal Program is to address the overcrowding in jail facilities. Through the paralegal
program, PDL are assisted in availing of the different early modes of release. Regional and jail paralegal officers conduct
continuous informative seminars/orientations to PDL on their rights, modes of early release, and other paralegal/legal remedies
which can be availed of by them. Other paralegal services include paralegal counseling and case follow-up in the courts by the
jail paralegal officers. 

J. E-Dalaw 

The E-DALAW service is an alternative to the traditional face-to-face visitation between PDL and respective families. This
service enables the PDL to connect with his/her family through a supervised video call and chat. The program is conceptualized
specifically 
to cater to PDL whose family members cannot go to the jail for actual visit because of the long distance to the jail from the
residence or workplace of the family members. 
However, in case of jail lockdown by reason of public health emergency where visitation is suspended, all PDL are allowed to
use the e-dalaw to communicate with their families on an equitable rotation basis.
 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL

WEEK 7: TOPIC 1- BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS 

HISTORY: 

During the pre-colonial times, the informal prison system was community-based, as there were no national penitentiaries to

speak of. Natives who defied or violated the local laws were met appropriate penalties by the local chieftains. Incarceration in
the community was only meant to prevent the culprit from further harming the local residents. 

Professor’s Discussion: Manila City Jail which was formerly known as the Old Bilibid Prison was constructed as the
main penitentiary on Oroquieta Street, Manila when the formal prison system in the Philippines started during the Spanish
regime in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the Revised Administrative Code and formally opened by Royal Decree in 1865.
This Old Bilibid Prison was designed to house the prison population of the country. The old bilibid prison was then known as
the “Cárcel y Presidio Correccional” that could accommodate 1,127 prisoners. 
The Carcel was designed to house 600 prisoners who were segregated according to class, sex and crime while the Presidio
could accommodate 527 prisoners. Plans for the construction of the prison were first published on September 12, 1859 but it was
not until April 10, 1866 that the entire facility was completed. 

Professor’s Discussion: Carcel is a spanish word for Jail while Presidio is also a spanish term for the word Jail where PRE
means Before and SIDIO means Inside. 
The prison occupied a quadrangular piece of land 180 meters long on each side, which was formerly a part of the
Mayhaligue Estate in the heart of Manila. It housed a building for the offices and quarters of the prison warden, and 15 buildings
or departments for prisoners that were arranged in a radial way to form spokes. The central tower formed the hub. Under this
tower was the chapel. There were four cell-houses for the isolated prisoners and four isolated 

buildings located on the four corners of the walls, which served as kitchen, hospital and stores. The prison was divided in the
middle by a thick wall. One-half of the enclosed space was assigned to Presidio prisoners and the other half to Carcel prisoners. 
Professor’s Discussion: During the time of spanish regime, female prisoners were incarcerated in a small portion of
Old Bilibid Prison. During this time there was no specific prison alloted for female offenders but consequently, the transfer of
the women to a separate site became inevitable. It was only on February 14, 1931 that female offenders were transferred to a
facility especially constructed for them. This facility was called Women’s Prison and eventually called Correctional Institution
for Women. 

On August 21, 1869, the San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City was established to confine Muslim
rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule. The facility, which faced the Jolo sea, had Spanish-
inspired dormitories and was originally set on a 1,414-hectare sprawling estate. 

Professor’s Discussion: The BUREAU OF PRISONS which is currently known as Bureau of Corrections was
established on November 1, 1905 under the DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION through REORGANIZATION
ACT ACT 1407 of the PHILIPPINE COMMISSION until it was transferred to the supervision of DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE (DOJ). 

SECTION 26 of the ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987 issued November 23, 1989 under PROCLAMATION NO.
495 of the PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES change the name of the BUREAU OF PRISON to BUREAU OF
CORRECTIONS. 

On May 24, 2013, PRESIDENT BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III signed into law the REPUBLIC ACT NO.
10575/ otherwise known as THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS ACT of 2013 which provides for the modernization,
Professionalization and Restructuring of the bureau. 

BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS MISSION AND VISION 

Mission 

To protect the public by safekeeping and reforming persons under our custody adhering to international standards of
corrections service. 
Vision 
A safer society by 2028 through reformed persons reintegrated by a highly efficient and competent corrections service. 

CORE VALUES 

GOD CENTERED - Centering our lives joyfully and dynamically upon the person of God. 

VIGILANCE - We are committed to enhance public safety by being responsive to the extreme demands of corrections duties. 

INNOVATIVENESS - We seek continuing advancement in corrections management in order to face emerging challenges and
to optimize application of resources. 

INTEGRITY - We promote accountability, equity and inclusiveness by adhering to high ethical and moral standards. 

BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS MANDATES 

The Principal task of the Bureau of Corrections is the rehabilitation of National Prisoners. 

The Bureau carries out the following task to carry out its mandate: 

● Confine persons convicted by the courts to serve a sentence in national prisons. ● Keep prisoners from
committing crimes while in custody. 
● Provide humane treatment by supplying the inmates' basic needs and implementing a variety of rehabilitation programs
designed to change their pattern of criminal or antisocial behavior. 
● Engage in agro-industrial projects for the purpose of developing prison lands and resources into productive bases or
profit centers, developing and employing inmate manpower skills and labor, providing prisoners with a source of
income and augmenting the Bureau's yearly appropriations. 

FUNCTIONS 
1. Safekeep prisoners convicted by courts three (3) years and one (1) day and above to serve sentence in prison. 
2. Prevent prisoners from committing crimes. 
3. Provide inmates basic needs. 
4. Ensure rehabilitation programs are made available to the inmates for their physical, intellectual and spiritual development. 
5. Develop livelihood programs to assist inmates earn a living and develop their skills while in prison. 
 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL WEEK

7: TOPIC 2- MAJOR PROGRAMS OF BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS 

Work and Livelihood 

The Bureau offers a variety of inmate work programs, from

agricultural to industrial. The purpose of the inmate work program is to
keep the inmates busy, and to provide them money for
their personal expenses and their families as well as help them
acquire livelihood skills, in order that they may become
productive citizens once they are released and assimilated back into
the mainstream of society. 

Different prison and penal farms provide institutional work

programs for inmates. At the Davao Penal Colony, inmates work on the banana plantations of Tagum Development Company
(TADECO) which has a joint venture agreement with the Bureau. Similarly, the vast tracts of land at the Iwahig Penal Colony
are developed and tilled by inmates to produce various agricultural products, thereby generating income for the Bureau. The
Sablayan Prison and Penal farm also provides agriculture and aquaculture programs for inmates. 

Healthcare Services 

Upon his initial commitment to the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC), the inmate’s medical history is recorded and
properly documented by the Medical Specialist. Medical information and mental status examinations are given to ascertain his
overall physical / mental fitness and whether he would be fit for work. This forms part of the diagnostic process which will
eventually determine the most appropriate rehabilitation program for the inmate. 

Professor’s Discussion: What is Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)? The RDC is a separate facility of the
Bureau of Corrections which is tasked to receive, study, classify all national prisoners committed by final judgment to the
National Penitentiary. In order to properly orient newly committed prisoners to the Philippines' Bureau of Corrections, the
Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC) was created through the issuance of Administrative Order no. 8, series of 1953 of the
Department of Justice. This facility has a 500-bed capacity located at the New Bilibid Prisons and other mini-hospitals or
clinics in the other prison and penal farms. Also, all correctional facilities under BuCor have a full and competent staff of
medical practitioners in charge. These centers are capable of minor surgical operations, laboratory examinations, radiology,
psychiatric, rehabilitation and dental treatment.
Other government and private hospitals are also tapped in the implementation of standards pertaining to nutrition and
protective health services for the prison community. Medical services also include a wide range of counseling techniques and
 therapy programs which address the psychological problems of inmates, including suicidal thoughts and feelings of rejection
which may lead to disruption of peace and order within the prison compounds. When an inmate’s ailment is beyond the
competence of the in-house medical doctors, the inmate is referred to a government hospital in accordance with prison rules
and under proper security escorts. 

Education and Skills Training 

Rehabilitation can be facilitated by improving an inmate’s academic

and job skills. Records show that many prisoners are
poorly educated. A majority are elementary school drop outs or have
not even finished primary school. 

Prison education amounts to remedial schooling designed to prepare

inmates to obtain basic skills in reading, writing and
mathematics. 

In most correctional facilities, vocational programs are

incorporated into job assignments and serve as on-the-job training. The goal is to provide inmates with skills that will improve
their eligibility for jobs upon release. Most prison vocational training is geared toward traditional blue-collar employment in
areas such as electronics, auto mechanics and handicrafts. At the Reception and Diagnostic Center, a basic computer literacy
course with typing as a support course is available for inmates who have finished at least high school level. 

Vocational training and social education focus on job readiness. The concern in these areas is life skills. If inmates are
to reenter society and abstain from criminal activity, they must be employable and have the basic tools necessary to function
as responsible citizens. 

The National Penitentiary has a college degree program and a tertiary degree correspondence course, in addition to the
regular secondary and compulsory basic literacy classes. Prisoners are strongly encouraged by the BuCor authorities to enroll
while serving their sentence and to advance their academic skills. 

Sports and Recreation 

The inmates enjoy sunrise by participating in daily calisthenics. There are various indoor and outdoor sports activities,
programs, tournaments and leagues all year round, to include basketball, volleyball, billiards, table tennis and chess.
These sports competitions promote camaraderie among inmates, good sportsmanship and team-building. The latest addition is
the newly constructed indoor sports center/gymnasium at the Maximum Security Compound which boasts of competition-
standard flooring, sound system, locker rooms and bleachers.

All prison and penal farms have adequate recreational facilities for inmates, both for outdoor and indoor sports. Mini-
bodybuilding gyms are available in most prison facilities, including the Muntinlupa Juvenile Training Center and the
Therapeutic Community Center for inmates with drug cases. 
 For music lovers and musically-inclined inmates, numerous "videoke" centers are available. Musical instruments are
available for practice or for use in variety shows.. 

When most people think about prison recreation, they think of sports. Actually it is much more. First, those in the
profession call it Correctional Recreation. Second, it can involve many activities ranging from passive activities (TV watching
and movies) to low energy activities (board games, card games, billiards and bingo) to hobbies (ceramics, photography, art,
music, leather craft), to sports (basketball, softball, volleyball, weight lifting), to special activities like gardening, pet therapy,
calligraphy and many others. Similar to college recreation directors and college intramural directors, recreation supervisors
develop and operate recreational activities for those in prisons. They try to increase involvement and participation by more
inmates. D.J. Williams. (2006) 

Most crimes are committed during leisure time. One of the underlying goals of correctional recreation, is that inmates
will acquire new leisure skills to successfully re-enter society. Recreation activities include a rehabilitative effect for some
inmates and recent research has shown they may also increase the effectiveness of other treatments (substance abuse
counseling) when teamed with those therapies. D.J. Williams. (2006) 

Moral and Spiritual Program 

Inmates enjoy freedom of religion. All inmates are free to observe

the rituals of their faith, with orderly conduct supervised by
prison authorities. A religious guidance adviser or chaplain is assigned
in every prison and penal farm. The prison chaplain sets the stage for
every regular spiritual activity. He is an officer of the
institution who oversees the operation of the prison chapel. He is not only
the spiritual leader but also a counselor and adviser. Prisoners may be
baptized or given other sacraments. Religious
Volunteer Officers, or RVOs belonging to different church groups
provide weekly religious activities ranging from bible studies,
devotions, prayer meetings or praise and worship. With a
predominantly Roman Catholic prison population, a Catholic Mass is a
regular feature in spiritual activities of the prison communities.
Restrictions, however, are imposed if, in the course of religious activities,
security is compromised or a program is too expensive.

Spirituality is an important aspect of human life, and should therefore also be examined in relation to persons subject to
imprisonment. In general, spirituality is often identified with faith and religiousness Heszen-Nie-jodek, (2004). The definition
of spirituality is “fulfilling oneself in the pursuit of establishing the meaning of life, happiness and the search for ultimate things,
with the involvement of own cognitive, emotional and behavioral resources, sometimes accompanied by peak experiences.”
Kazimierz Popielski (1994) 

Therapeutic Community 

The Therapeutic Community (TC) Program represents an effective, highly structured environment with defined boundaries,
both moral and ethical. The primary goal is to foster personal growth. This is accomplished by re-shaping an individual’s
behavior and attitudes through the inmates community working together to help themselves and each other, restoring self
confidence, and preparing them for their reintegration into their families and friends as productive members of the community. 
 Professor’s Note: Bureau of Corrections supervised the 7 penal farms which were mentioned on the First Modular
Learning Packet. The seven penal farms consisted of the following: 

● Seven (7) Penal Farms and Prisons of Bureau of Corrections: 

● New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City 
● Correctional Institution for Women in Mandaluyong City 
● Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan 
● Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro 
● San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City 
● Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte 
● Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davao 

BUCOR LOGO 

The Bureau of Corrections was founded in 1905. The eleven (11) bay leaves, which
represent a decade per leaf, refer to the achievement and developments of
BUCOR since its existence. It also cover the 112th anniversary of BUCOR
where its first ever modernization law put into place.The man-
figure represents the Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL), who had undergone
security and effective rehabilitation programs (prison railings with green
background) through meaningful justice (justice symbol), is about to be
released from prison facing the EAST where the sun rises which represent the free
society and symbolized new hope. The seven rays of the sun further
symbolized the seven (7) Operating Prison and Penal Farms of BUCOR.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BJMP AND BUCOR 

PROFESSOR’S DISCUSSION: The main difference between the two

correctional agencies is that the department that supervised them. BJMP is under DILG, while BUCOR is under DOJ. As to
the classification of inmates, BJMP supervises criminal offenders awaiting for Final Judgement and those inmates with a
sentence of not more than 3 years while Bucor supervises inmates with final judgement and has been sentenced for more than
3 years of imprisonment. Lastly, they also differ on the kinds of places of confinement that they supervise. BJMP caters all
the jails in the Philippines while Bucor caters the seven penal farms (PRISONS) in our country.
 Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners  

Adopted by the First United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the  Treatment of
Offenders, held at Geneva in 1955, and approved by the Economic  and Social Council by its
resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII)  of 13 May 1977  

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS  

1. The following rules are not intended to describe in detail a model system of penal institutions. They seek only, on the
basis of the general consensus of contemporary thought and the essential elements of the most adequate systems of
today, to set out what is generally accepted as being good principle and practice in the treatment of prisoners and the
management of institutions.  

2. In view of the great variety of legal, social, economic and geographical conditions of the world, it is evident that not all
of the rules are capable of application in all places and at all times. They should, however, serve to stimulate a constant
endeavor to overcome practical difficulties in the way of their application, in the knowledge that they represent, as a
whole, the minimum conditions which are accepted as suitable by the United Nations.  

3. On the other hand, the rules cover a field in which thought is constantly developing. They are not intended to preclude
experiment and practices, provided these are in harmony with the principles and seek to further the purposes which derive
from the text of the rules as a whole. It will always be justifiable for the central prison administration to authorize
departures from the rules in this spirit.  

4. (1) Part I of the rules covers the general management of institutions, and is applicable to all categories of prisoners,
criminal or civil, untried or convicted, including prisoners subject to "security measures" or corrective measures ordered
by the judge.  

(2) Part II contains rules applicable only to the special categories dealt with in each section.  Nevertheless, the rules
under section A, applicable to prisoners under sentence, shall be equally applicable to categories of prisoners dealt with
in sections B, C and D, provided they do not conflict with the rules governing those categories and are for their
benefit.  

5. (1) The rules do not seek to regulate the management of institutions set aside for young person’s such as Borstal
institutions or correctional schools, but in general part I would be equally applicable in such institutions.  

(2) The category of young prisoners should include at least all young persons who come within the jurisdiction of juvenile
courts. As a rule, such young persons should not be sentenced to imprisonment.  

Part I  

RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION  

Basic principle  

6. (1) The following rules shall be applied impartially. There shall be no discrimination on grounds of race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.  

(2) On the other hand, it is necessary to respect the religious beliefs and moral precepts of the group to which a prisoner
belongs.  

Register 
2 
7. (1) In every place where persons are imprisoned there shall be kept a bound registration book with numbered pages in
which shall be entered in respect of each prisoner received:  

(a) Information concerning his identity;  

(b) The reasons for his commitment and the authority therefor;  

(c) The day and hour of his admission and release.  

(2) No person shall be received in an institution without a valid commitment order of which the details shall have been
previously entered in the register.  

Separation of categories  

8. The different categories of prisoners shall be kept in separate institutions or parts of institutions taking account of
their sex, age, criminal record, the legal reason for their detention and the necessities of their treatment. Thus,  

(a) Men and women shall so far as possible be detained in separate institutions; in an institution which receives both
men and women the whole of the premises allocated to women shall be entirely separate;  

(b) Untried prisoners shall be kept separate from convicted prisoners;  

(c) Persons imprisoned for debt and other civil prisoners shall be kept separate from persons imprisoned by reason
of a criminal offence;  

(d) Young prisoners shall be kept separate from adults.  

Accommodation  

9. (1) Where sleeping accommodation is in individual cells or rooms, each prisoner shall occupy by night a cell or room by
himself. If for special reasons, such as temporary overcrowding, it becomes necessary for the central prison
administration to make an exception to this rule, it is not desirable to have two prisoners in a cell or room.  

(2) Where dormitories are used, they shall be occupied by prisoners carefully selected as being suitable to associate with
one another in those conditions. There shall be regular supervision by night, in keeping with the nature of the institution.  

10. All accommodation provided for the use of prisoners and in particular all sleeping accommodation shall meet all
requirements of health, due regard being paid to climatic conditions and particularly to cubic content of air, minimum floor
space, lighting, heating and ventilation.  

11. In all places where prisoners are required to live or work,  

(a) The windows shall be large enough to enable the prisoners to read or work by natural light, and shall be so
constructed that they can allow the entrance of fresh air whether or not there is artificial ventilation;  

(b) Artificial light shall be provided sufficient for the prisoners to read or work without injury to eyesight.  

12. The sanitary installations shall be adequate to enable every prisoner to comply with the needs of nature when
necessary and in a clean and decent manner.  

13. Adequate bathing and shower installations shall be provided so that every prisoner may be enabled and required to
have a bath or shower, at a temperature suitable to the climate, as frequently as necessary for general hygiene according
to season and geographical region, but at least once a week in a temperate climate.  

14. All parts of an institution regularly used by prisoners shall be properly maintained and kept scrupulously clean
at all times.  

Personal hygiene  
15. Prisoners shall be required to keep their persons clean, and to this end they shall be provided with water and with such
toilet articles as are necessary for health and cleanliness.  

16. In order that prisoners may maintain a good appearance compatible with their self-respect, facilities shall be provided
for the proper care of the hair and beard, and men shall be enabled to shave regularly.  

Clothing and bedding  

17. (1) Every prisoner who is not allowed to wear his own clothing shall be provided with an outfit of clothing suitable for
the climate and adequate to keep him in good health. Such clothing shall in no manner be degrading or humiliating.  

(2) All clothing shall be clean and kept in proper condition. Underclothing shall be changed and washed as often as
necessary for the maintenance of hygiene.  

(3) In exceptional circumstances, whenever a prisoner is removed outside the institution for an authorized purpose,
he shall be allowed to wear his own clothing or other inconspicuous clothing.  

18. If prisoners are allowed to wear their own clothing, arrangements shall be made on their admission to the institution to
ensure that it shall be clean and fit for use.  

19. Every prisoner shall, in accordance with local or national standards, be provided with a separate bed, and with
separate and sufficient bedding which shall be clean when issued, kept in good order and changed often enough to
ensure its cleanliness.  

Food  

20. (1) Every prisoner shall be provided by the administration at the usual hours with food of nutritional value
adequate for health and strength, of wholesome quality and well prepared and served.  

(2) Drinking water shall be available to every prisoner whenever he needs it.  

Exercise and sport  

21. (1) Every prisoner who is not employed in outdoor work shall have at least one hour of suitable exercise in the open
air daily if the weather permits.  

(2) Young prisoners, and others of suitable age and physique, shall receive physical and recreational training during the
period of exercise. To this end space, installations and equipment should be provided.  

Medical services  

22. (1) At every institution there shall be available the services of at least one qualified medical officer who should have
some knowledge of psychiatry. The medical services should be organized in close relationship to the general health
administration of the community or nation. They shall include a psychiatric service for the diagnosis and, in proper cases,
the treatment of states of mental abnormality. 

(2) Sick prisoners who require specialist treatment shall be transferred to specialized institutions or to civil hospitals.
Where hospital facilities are provided in an institution, their equipment, furnishings and pharmaceutical supplies shall be
proper for the medical care and treatment of sick prisoners, and there  shall be a staff of suitable trained officers.  

(3) The services of a qualified dental officer shall be available to every prisoner.  

23. (1) In women's institutions there shall be special accommodation for all necessary pre-natal and post-natal care and
treatment. Arrangements shall be made wherever practicable for children to be born in a hospital outside the institution. If
a child is born in prison, this fact shall not be mentioned in the birth certificate.  
(2) Where nursing infants are allowed to remain in the institution with their mothers, provision shall be  made for a nursery
staffed by qualified persons, where the infants shall be placed when they are not in the care of their mothers.  

24. The medical officer shall see and examine every prisoner as soon as possible after his admission and thereafter as
necessary, with a view particularly to the discovery of physical or mental illness and the taking of all necessary measures;
the segregation of prisoners suspected of infectious or contagious conditions; the noting of physical or mental defects which
might hamper rehabilitation, and the determination of the physical capacity of every prisoner for work.  

25. (1) The medical officer shall have the care of the physical and mental health of the prisoners and should daily see all
sick prisoners, all who complain of illness, and any prisoner to whom his attention is specially directed.  

(2) The medical officer shall report to the director whenever he considers that a prisoner's physical or mental health has
been or will be injuriously affected by continued imprisonment or by any condition of imprisonment.  

26. (1) The medical officer shall regularly inspect and advise the director upon: (a) The quantity,

quality, preparation and service of food;  

(b) The hygiene and cleanliness of the institution and the prisoners;  

(c) The sanitation, heating, lighting and ventilation of the institution;  

(d) The suitability and cleanliness of the prisoners' clothing and bedding;  

(e) The observance of the rules concerning physical education and sports, in cases where there is no technical personnel in
charge of these activities.  

(2) The director shall take into consideration the reports and advice that the medical officer submits according to rules 25
(2) and 26 and, in case he concurs with the recommendations made, shall take immediate steps to give effect to those
recommendations; if they are not within his competence or if  he does not concur with them, he shall immediately submit
his own report and the advice of the  medical officer to higher authority.  

Discipline and punishment  

27. Discipline and order shall be maintained with firmness, but with no more restriction than is necessary for safe
custody and well-ordered community life.  

28. (1) No prisoner shall be employed, in the service of the institution, in any disciplinary capacity.  

(2) This rule shall not, however, impede the proper functioning of systems based on self-government, under which
specified social, educational or sports activities or responsibilities are entrusted, under supervision, to prisoners who are
formed into groups for the purposes of treatment. 

29. The following shall always be determined by the law or by the regulation of the competent administrative
authority:  

(a) Conduct constituting a disciplinary offence;  

(b) The types and duration of punishment which may be inflicted;  

(c) The authority competent to impose such punishment.  

30. (1) No prisoner shall be punished except in accordance with the terms of such law or regulation, and never twice for
the same offence.  
(2) No prisoner shall be punished unless he has been informed of the offence alleged against him and given a proper
opportunity of presenting his defence. The competent authority shall conduct a thorough examination of the case.  

(3) Where necessary and practicable the prisoner shall be allowed to make his defence through an interpreter.  

31. Corporal punishment, punishment by placing in a dark cell, and all cruel, inhuman or degrading punishments shall
be completely prohibited as punishments for disciplinary offences.  

32. (1) Punishment by close confinement or reduction of diet shall never be inflicted unless the medical officer has
examined the prisoner and certified in writing that he is fit to sustain it.  

(2) The same shall apply to any other punishment that may be prejudicial to the physical or mental health of a prisoner.
In no case may such punishment be contrary to or depart from the principle stated in rule 31.  

(3) The medical officer shall visit daily prisoners undergoing such punishments and shall advise the director if he
considers the termination or alteration of the punishment necessary on grounds of physical or mental health.  

Instruments of restraint  

33. Instruments of restraint, such as handcuffs, chains, irons and strait-jackets, shall never be applied as a punishment.
Furthermore, chains or irons shall not be used as restraints. Other instruments of restraint shall not be used except in the
following circumstances:  

(a) As a precaution against escape during a transfer, provided that they shall be removed when the prisoner appears
before a judicial or administrative authority;  

(b) On medical grounds by direction of the medical officer;  

(c) By order of the director, if other methods of control fail, in order to prevent a prisoner from injuring himself or
others or from damaging property; in such instances the director shall at once consult the medical officer and report
to the higher administrative authority.  

34. The patterns and manner of use of instruments of restraint shall be decided by the central prison administration.
Such instruments must not be applied for any longer time than is strictly necessary.  

Information to and complaints by prisoners  

35. (1) Every prisoner on admission shall be provided with written information about the regulations governing the
treatment of prisoners of his category, the disciplinary requirements of the institution, the authorized methods of seeking
information and making complaints, and all such other matters as are necessary to enable him to understand both his
rights and his obligations and to adapt himself to  the life of the institution. 

(2) If a prisoner is illiterate, the aforesaid information shall be conveyed to him orally.  

36. (1) Every prisoner shall have the opportunity each week day of making requests or complaints to the director of the
institution or the officer authorized to represent him.  

(2) It shall be possible to make requests or complaints to the inspector of prisons during his inspection. The prisoner shall
have the opportunity to talk to the inspector or to any other inspecting officer without the director or other members of
the staff being present.  

(3) Every prisoner shall be allowed to make a request or complaint, without censorship as to substance but in proper form,
to the central prison administration, the judicial authority or other proper authorities through approved channels.  

(4) Unless it is evidently frivolous or groundless, every request or complaint shall be promptly dealt with and replied to
without undue delay.  
Contact with the outside world  

37. Prisoners shall be allowed under necessary supervision to communicate with their family and reputable friends at
regular intervals, both by correspondence and by receiving visits.  

38. (1) Prisoners who are foreign nationals shall be allowed reasonable facilities to communicate with the diplomatic and
consular representatives of the State to which they belong.  

(2) Prisoners who are nationals of States without diplomatic or consular representation in the country and refugees or
stateless persons shall be allowed similar facilities to communicate with the diplomatic representative of the State which
takes charge of their interests or any national or international authority whose task it is to protect such persons.  

39. Prisoners shall be kept informed regularly of the more important items of news by the reading of newspapers,
periodicals or special institutional publications, by hearing wireless transmissions, by lectures or by any similar means as
authorized or controlled by the administration.  

Books  

40. Every institution shall have a library for the use of all categories of prisoners, adequately stocked with both recreational
and instructional books, and prisoners shall be encouraged to make full use of it.  

Religion  

41. (1) If the institution contains a sufficient number of prisoners of the same religion, a qualified representative of that
religion shall be appointed or approved. If the number of prisoners justifies it and conditions permit, the arrangement
should be on a full-time basis.  

(2) A qualified representative appointed or approved under paragraph (1) shall be allowed to hold regular services and
to pay pastoral visits in private to prisoners of his religion at proper times.  

(3) Access to a qualified representative of any religion shall not be refused to any prisoner. On the other hand, if any
prisoner should object to a visit of any religious representative, his attitude shall be fully respected.  

42. So far as practicable, every prisoner shall be allowed to satisfy the needs of his religious life by attending the
services provided in the institution and having in his possession the books of religious observance and instruction of his
denomination.  

Retention of prisoners' property 

43. (1) All money, valuables, clothing and other effects belonging to a prisoner which under the regulations of the
institution he is not allowed to retain shall on his admission to the institution be placed in safe custody. An inventory
thereof shall be signed by the prisoner. Steps shall be taken to keep them in good condition.  

(2) On the release of the prisoner all such articles and money shall be returned to him except in so far as he has been
authorized to spend money or send any such property out of the institution, or it has been found necessary on hygienic
grounds to destroy any article of clothing. The prisoner shall sign a receipt for the articles and money returned to him.  

(3) Any money or effects received for a prisoner from outside shall be treated in the same way.  

(4) If a prisoner brings in any drugs or medicine, the medical officer shall decide what use shall be made of them.  

Notification of death, illness, transfer, etc.  

44. (1) Upon the death or serious illness of, or serious injury to a prisoner, or his removal to an institution for the
treatment of mental affections, the director shall at once inform the spouse, if the prisoner is married, or the nearest
relative and shall in any event inform any other person previously designated by the prisoner.  

(2) A prisoner shall be informed at once of the death or serious illness of any near relative. In case of the critical illness of
a near relative, the prisoner should be authorized, whenever circumstances allow, to go to his bedside either under escort
or alone.  

(3) Every prisoner shall have the right to inform at once his family of his imprisonment or his transfer to another
institution.  

Removal of prisoners  

45. (1) When the prisoners are being removed to or from an institution, they shall be exposed to public view as little as
possible, and proper safeguards shall be adopted to protect them from insult, curiosity and publicity in any form.  

(2) The transport of prisoners in conveyances with inadequate ventilation or light, or in any way which would subject them
to unnecessary physical hardship, shall be prohibited.  

(3) The transport of prisoners shall be carried out at the expense of the administration and equal conditions shall
obtain for all of them.  

Institutional personnel  

46. (1) The prison administration shall provide for the careful selection of every grade of the personnel, since it is on their
integrity, humanity, professional capacity and personal suitability for the work that the proper administration of the
institutions depends.  

(2) The prison administration shall constantly seek to awaken and maintain in the minds both of the personnel and of the
public the conviction that this work is a social service of great importance, and to this end all appropriate means of
informing the public should be used.  

(3) To secure the foregoing ends, personnel shall be appointed on a full-time basis as professional prison officers and
have civil service status with security of tenure subject only to good conduct, efficiency and physical fitness. Salaries
shall be adequate to attract and retain suitable men and women; employment benefits and conditions of service shall
be favourable in view of the exacting nature of the work.  

47. (1) The personnel shall possess an adequate standard of education and intelligence. 

(2) Before entering on duty, the personnel shall be given a course of training in their general and specific duties and
be required to pass theoretical and practical tests.  

(3) After entering on duty and during their career, the personnel shall maintain and improve their knowledge and
professional capacity by attending courses of in-service training to be organized at suitable intervals.  

48. All members of the personnel shall at all times so conduct themselves and perform their duties as to influence the
prisoners for good by their example and to command their respect.  

49. (1) So far as possible, the personnel shall include a sufficient number of specialists such as psychiatrists,
psychologists, social workers, teachers and trade instructors.  

(2) The services of social workers, teachers and trade instructors shall be secured on a permanent basis, without
thereby excluding part-time or voluntary workers.  

50. (1) The director of an institution should be adequately qualified for his task by character, administrative
ability, suitable training and experience.  
(2) He shall devote his entire time to his official duties and shall not be appointed on a part-time basis.  (3) He shall reside

on the premises of the institution or in its immediate vicinity.  

(4) When two or more institutions are under the authority of one director, he shall visit each of them at frequent
intervals. A responsible resident official shall be in charge of each of these institutions.  

51. (1) The director, his deputy, and the majority of the other personnel of the institution shall be able to speak the
language of the greatest number of prisoners, or a language understood by the greatest number of them.  

(2) Whenever necessary, the services of an interpreter shall be used.  

52. (1) In institutions which are large enough to require the services of one or more full-time medical officers, at least one
of them shall reside on the premises of the institution or in its immediate vicinity.  

(2) In other institutions the medical officer shall visit daily and shall reside near enough to be able to attend without delay
in cases of urgency.  

53. (1) In an institution for both men and women, the part of the institution set aside for women shall be under the
authority of a responsible woman officer who shall have the custody of the keys of all that part of the institution.  

(2) No male member of the staff shall enter the part of the institution set aside for women unless accompanied by a
woman officer.  

(3) Women prisoners shall be attended and supervised only by women officers. This does not, however, preclude male
members of the staff, particularly doctors and teachers, from carrying out their professional duties in institutions or
parts of institutions set aside for women.  

54. (1) Officers of the institutions shall not, in their relations with the prisoners, use force except in self-defence or in cases
of attempted escape, or active or passive physical resistance to an order based on law or regulations. Officers who have
recourse to force must use no more than is strictly necessary and must report the incident immediately to the director of
the institution.  

(2) Prison officers shall be given special physical training to enable them to restrain aggressive prisoners. 
9 

(3) Except in special circumstances, staff performing duties which bring them into direct contact with  prisoners should not
be armed. Furthermore, staff should in no circumstances be provided with arms  unless they have been trained in their
use.  

Inspection  

55. There shall be a regular inspection of penal institutions and services by qualified and experienced inspectors
appointed by a competent authority. Their task shall be in particular to ensure that these institutions are administered in
accordance with existing laws and regulations and with a view to bringing about the objectives of penal and correctional
services.  

Part II  

RULES APPLICABLE TO SPECIAL CATEGORIES  

A. Prisoners under sentence  

Guiding principles  
56. The guiding principles hereafter are intended to show the spirit in which penal institutions should  be administered and
the purposes at which they should aim, in accordance with the declaration made  under Preliminary Observation 1 of the
present text.  

57. Imprisonment and other measures which result in cutting off an offender from the outside world  are afflictive by the
very fact of taking from the person the right of self-determination by depriving him  of his liberty. Therefore the prison
system shall not, except as incidental to justifiable segregation or  the maintenance of discipline, aggravate the suffering
inherent in such a situation.  

58. The purpose and justification of a sentence of imprisonment or a similar measure deprivative of  liberty is ultimately
to protect society against crime. This end can only be achieved if the period of  imprisonment is used to ensure, so far as
possible, that upon his return to society the offender is not  only willing but able to lead a law-abiding and self-supporting
life.  

59. To this end, the institution should utilize all the remedial, educational, moral, spiritual and other  forces and forms of
assistance which are appropriate and available, and should seek to apply them  according to the individual treatment
needs of the prisoners.  

60. (1) The regime of the institution should seek to minimize any differences between prison life and  life at liberty which
tend to lessen the responsibility of the prisoners or the respect due to their dignity  as human beings.  

(2) Before the completion of the sentence, it is desirable that the necessary steps be taken to ensure  for the prisoner a
gradual return to life in society. This aim may be achieved, depending on the case,  by a pre-release regime organized in
the same institution or in another appropriate institution, or by  release on trial under some kind of supervision which
must not be entrusted to the police but should  be combined with effective social aid.  

61. The treatment of prisoners should emphasize not their exclusion from the community, but their  continuing part in it.
Community agencies should, therefore, be enlisted wherever possible to assist the  staff of the institution in the task of
social rehabilitation of the prisoners. There should be in connection  with every institution social workers charged with the
duty of maintaining and improving all desirable  relations of a prisoner with his family and with valuable social agencies.
Steps should be taken to  safeguard, to the maximum extent compatible with the law and the sentence, the rights relating
to  civil interests, social security rights and other social benefits of prisoners. 
10 

62. The medical services of the institution shall seek to detect and shall treat any physical or mental  illnesses or defects
which may hamper a prisoner's rehabilitation. All necessary medical, surgical and  psychiatric services shall be provided
to that end.  

63. (1) The fulfilment of these principles requires individualization of treatment and for this purpose a  flexible system of
classifying prisoners in groups; it is therefore desirable that such groups should be  distributed in separate institutions
suitable for the treatment of each group.  

(2) These institutions need not provide the same degree of security for every group. It is desirable to  provide varying
degrees of security according to the needs of different groups. Open institutions, by  the very fact that they provide no
physical security against escape but rely on the self-discipline of the  inmates, provide the conditions most favourable to
rehabilitation for carefully selected prisoners.  

(3) It is desirable that the number of prisoners in closed institutions should not be so large that the  individualization of
treatment is hindered. In some countries it is considered that the population of  such institutions should not exceed five
hundred. In open institutions the population should be as small  as possible.  

(4) On the other hand, it is undesirable to maintain prisons which are so small that proper facilities  cannot be
provided.  

64. The duty of society does not end with a prisoner's release. There should, therefore, be  governmental or private
agencies capable of lending the released prisoner efficient after-care directed  towards the lessening of prejudice against
him and towards his social rehabilitation.  
Treatment  

65. The treatment of persons sentenced to imprisonment or a similar measure shall have as its  purpose, so far as the
length of the sentence permits, to establish in them the will to lead law-abiding  and self-supporting lives after their
release and to fit them to do so. The treatment shall be such as  will encourage their self-respect and develop their sense
of responsibility.  

66. (1) To these ends, all appropriate means shall be used, including religious care in the countries  where this is
possible, education, vocational guidance and training, social casework, employment  counselling, physical development
and strengthening of moral character, in accordance with the  individual needs of each prisoner, taking account of his
social and criminal history, his physical and  mental capacities and aptitudes, his personal temperament, the length of
his sentence and his  prospects after release.  

(2) For every prisoner with a sentence of suitable length, the director shall receive, as soon as possible  after his admission,
full reports on all the matters referred to in the foregoing paragraph. Such reports  shall always include a report by a
medical officer, wherever possible qualified in psychiatry, on the  physical and mental condition of the prisoner.  

(3) The reports and other relevant documents shall be placed in an individual file. This file shall be  kept up to date and
classified in such a way that it can be consulted by the responsible personnel  whenever the need arises.  

Classification and individualization  

67. The purposes of classification shall be:  

( a ) To separate from others those prisoners who, by reason of their criminal records or bad  characters, are
likely to exercise a bad influence;  

( b ) To divide the prisoners into classes in order to facilitate their treatment with a view to their social  rehabilitation. 

68. So far as possible separate institutions or separate sections of an institution shall be used for the  treatment of the
different classes of prisoners.  

69. As soon as possible after admission and after a study of the personality of each prisoner with a  sentence of
suitable length, a programme of treatment shall be prepared for him in the light of the   knowledge obtained about his
individual needs, his capacities and dispositions.  

Privileges  

70. Systems of privileges appropriate for the different classes of prisoners and the different methods of  treatment shall be
established at every institution, in order to encourage good conduct, develop a  sense of responsibility and secure the
interest and co-operation of the prisoners in their treatment.  

Work  

71. (1) Prison labour must not be of an afflictive nature.  

(2) All prisoners under sentence shall be required to work, subject to their physical and mental fitness  as determined by
the medical officer.  

(3) Sufficient work of a useful nature shall be provided to keep prisoners actively employed for a  normal working
day.  

(4) So far as possible the work provided shall be such as will maintain or increase the prisoners, ability  to earn an honest
living after release.  

(5) Vocational training in useful trades shall be provided for prisoners able to profit thereby and  especially for
young prisoners.  
(6) Within the limits compatible with proper vocational selection and with the requirements of  institutional administration
and discipline, the prisoners shall be able to choose the type of work they  wish to perform.  

72. (1) The organization and methods of work in the institutions shall resemble as closely as possible  those of similar
work outside institutions, so as to prepare prisoners for the conditions of normal  occupational life.  

(2) The interests of the prisoners and of their vocational training, however, must not be subordinated  to the purpose of
making a financial profit from an industry in the institution.  

73. (1) Preferably institutional industries and farms should be operated directly by the administration  and not by private
contractors.  

(2) Where prisoners are employed in work not controlled by the administration, they shall always be  under the
supervision of the institution's personnel. Unless the work is for other departments of the  government the full normal
wages for such work shall be paid to the administration by the persons to  whom the labour is supplied, account being
taken of the output of the prisoners.  

74. (1) The precautions laid down to protect the safety and health of free workmen shall be equally  observed in
institutions.  

(2) Provision shall be made to indemnify prisoners against industrial injury, including occupational  disease, on terms
not less favourable than those extended by law to free workmen.  

75. (1) The maximum daily and weekly working hours of the prisoners shall be fixed by law or by  administrative regulation,
taking into account local rules or custom in regard to the employment of free  workmen. 

(2) The hours so fixed shall leave one rest day a week and sufficient time for education and other  activities required
as part of the treatment and rehabilitation of the prisoners.  

76. (1) There shall be a system of equitable remuneration of the work of prisoners.  

(2) Under the system prisoners shall be allowed to spend at least a part of their earnings on approved  articles for their
own use and to send a part of their earnings to their family.  

(3) The system should also provide that a part of the earnings should be set aside by the  administration so as to
constitute a savings fund to be handed over to the prisoner on his release.  

Education and recreation  

77. (1) Provision shall be made for the further education of all prisoners capable of profiting thereby,  including religious
instruction in the countries where this is possible. The education of illiterates and  young prisoners shall be compulsory
and special attention shall be paid to it by the administration.  

(2) So far as practicable, the education of prisoners shall be integrated with the educational system of  the country so that
after their release they may continue their education without difficulty.  

78. Recreational and cultural activities shall be provided in all institutions for the benefit of the mental  and physical health
of prisoners.  

Social relations and after-care  

79. Special attention shall be paid to the maintenance and improvement of such relations between a  prisoner and his
family as are desirable in the best interests of both.  

80. From the beginning of a prisoner's sentence consideration shall be given to his future after release  and he shall be
encouraged and assisted to maintain or establish such relations with persons or  agencies outside the institution as may
promote the best interests of his family and his own social  rehabilitation.  
81. (1) Services and agencies, governmental or otherwise, which assist released prisoners to re establish themselves in
society shall ensure, so far as is possible and necessary, that released  prisoners be provided with appropriate documents
and identification papers, have suitable homes and  work to go to, are suitably and adequately clothed having regard to
the climate and season, and have  sufficient means to reach their destination and maintain themselves in the period
immediately  following their release.  

(2) The approved representatives of such agencies shall have all necessary access to the institution  and to prisoners and
shall be taken into consultation as to the future of a prisoner from the beginning  of his sentence.  

(3) It is desirable that the activities of such agencies shall be centralized or co-ordinated as far as  possible in order to
secure the best use of their efforts.  

B. Insane and mentally abnormal prisoners  

82. (1) Persons who are found to be insane shall not be detained in prisons and arrangements shall be  made to remove
them to mental institutions as soon as possible.  

(2) Prisoners who suffer from other mental diseases or abnormalities shall be observed and treated in  specialized
institutions under medical management.  

(3) During their stay in a prison, such prisoners shall be placed under the special supervision of a  medical officer. 

(4) The medical or psychiatric service of the penal institutions shall provide for the psychiatric  treatment of all
other prisoners who are in need of such treatment.  

83. It is desirable that steps should be taken, by arrangement with the appropriate agencies, to ensure  if necessary the
continuation of psychiatric treatment after release and the provision of social psychiatric after-care.  

C. Prisoners under arrest or awaiting trial  

84. (1) Persons arrested or imprisoned by reason of a criminal charge against them, who are detained  either in police
custody or in prison custody (jail) but have not yet been tried and sentenced, will be  referred to as "untried prisoners"
hereinafter in these rules.  

(2) Unconvicted prisoners are presumed to be innocent and shall be treated as such.  

(3) Without prejudice to legal rules for the protection of individual liberty or prescribing the procedure   to be observed in
respect of untried prisoners, these prisoners shall benefit by a special regime which  is described in the following rules in
its essential requirements only.  

85. (1) Untried prisoners shall be kept separate from convicted prisoners.  

(2) Young untried prisoners shall be kept separate from adults and shall in principle be detained in  separate
institutions.  

86. Untried prisoners shall sleep singly in separate rooms, with the reservation of different local  custom in respect
of the climate.  

87. Within the limits compatible with the good order of the institution, untried prisoners may, if they so  desire, have their
food procured at their own expense from the outside, either through the  administration or through their family or friends.
Otherwise, the administration shall provide their food.  

88. (1) An untried prisoner shall be allowed to wear his own clothing if it is clean and suitable.  (2) If he wears

prison dress, it shall be different from that supplied to convicted prisoners.  

89. An untried prisoner shall always be offered opportunity to work, but shall not be required to work.  If he chooses to
work, he shall be paid for it.  

90. An untried prisoner shall be allowed to procure at his own expense or at the expense of a third  party such books,
newspapers, writing materials and other means of occupation as are compatible with  the interests of the administration of
justice and the security and good order of the institution.  

91. An untried prisoner shall be allowed to be visited and treated by his own doctor or dentist if there  is reasonable
ground for his application and he is able to pay any expenses incurred.  

92. An untried prisoner shall be allowed to inform immediately his family of his detention and shall be  given all reasonable
facilities for communicating with his family and friends, and for receiving visits  from them, subject only to restrictions and
supervision as are necessary in the interests of the  administration of justice and of the security and good order of the
institution.  

93. For the purposes of his defence, an untried prisoner shall be allowed to apply for free legal aid  where such aid is
available, and to receive visits from his legal adviser with a view to his defence and  to prepare and hand to him
confidential instructions. For these purposes, he shall if he so desires be  supplied with writing material. Interviews
between the prisoner and his legal adviser may be within  sight but not within the hearing of a police or institution
official.  

D. Civil prisoners 

94. In countries where the law permits imprisonment for debt, or by order of a court under any other  non-criminal
process, persons so imprisoned shall not be subjected to any greater restriction or  severity than is necessary to ensure
safe custody and good order. Their treatment shall be not less  favourable than that of untried prisoners, with the
reservation, however, that they may possibly be  required to work.  

E. Persons arrested or detained without charge  

95. Without prejudice to the provisions of article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political  Rights, persons
arrested or imprisoned without charge shall be accorded the same protection as that  accorded under part I and part II,
section C. Relevant provisions of part II, section A, shall likewise be  applicable where their application may be conducive to
the benefit of this special group of persons in  custody, provided that no measures shall be taken implying that re-education
or rehabilitation is in any  way appropriate to persons not convicted of any criminal offence. 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 9: TOPIC 1- BJMP COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS MANUAL OF

2015 - GENERAL PROVISIONS AND RULE NO. 2 

Disclaimer: This reading material is solely part of the BJMP COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS MANUAL
OF 2015. If you want to read further here’s the link: 
https://www.bjmp.gov.ph/images/files/Downloads/BJMP_OPERATIONAL_MANUAL_2015.pdf 
 Whereas, Republic Act No. 6975, otherwise known as the “Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of
1990,” provides that the task of jail management and penology shall be the responsibility of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP). As an institution, and pursuant to the mandate earlier mentioned, the BJMP has defined through consultative
and participatory strategic planning sessions its vision, mission, powers, functions, values, objectives and principles; 

Whereas, in view of the number of challenges brought about by time and circumstances having particular bearing on the
bureau's operations, it behooves the BJMP to revisit its existing Comprehensive Operations Manual make it more responsive to
the bureau's mandate of "Safekeeping and Development" of all district, city and municipal jail inmates; 

Whereas, it has become imperative to ensure uniformity in the discharge of functions by all BJMP personnel concerned;
to ensure uniformity in the implementation BJMP policies, rules and regulations; and to ensure uniformity in the treatment of
inmates in BJMP-manned jails including those over which BJMP may exercise operational jurisdiction, by virtue of a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA); 

NOW, THEREFORE, pursuant to Book IV of the Administrative Code of 1987, this second edition of BJMP Comprehensive
Operations Manual is hereby adopted for observance, and guidance relative to ensuring humane safekeeping and development
of inmates. 

RULE I 

GENERAL PROVISIONS 

Section 1. MANDATE - The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created on January 2, 1991 pursuant to Republic
Act 6975, replacing its forerunner, the Jail Management and Penology Service of the defunct Philippine Constabulary Integrated
National Police. The BJMP exercises administrative and operational jurisdiction over all district, city and municipal jails. It is a
line bureau of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). 

Section 2. VISION - The BJMP envisions itself as a dynamic institution highly regarded for its sustained humane safekeeping
and development of inmates. 

Section 3. MISSION - The Bureau aims to enhance public safety by providing humane safekeeping and development of
inmates in all district, city and municipal jails. 

Section 4. POWERS -The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all district, city and municipal jails. As such, it shall
ensure the establishment of secure, clean, adequately equipped sanitary facilities; and ensure the provision of quality services
for the custody, safekeeping, rehabilitation and development of district, city and municipal inmates, any fugitive from justice, or
person detained awaiting or undergoing investigation or trial and/or transfer to the National Penitentiary, and/or violent
mentally ill person who endangers him/herself or the safety of others as certified by the proper medical or health officer,
pending transfer to a mental institution. 

Section 5. FUNCTIONS -In line with its mission, the Bureau endeavors to perform the following functions: 

a. to enhance and upgrade organizational capability on a regular basis; thus, making all BJMP personnel updated on all
advancements in law enforcement eventually resulting in greater crime solution efficiency and decreased inmate population; 

b. to implement strong security measures for the control of inmates; c. to provide for the basic needs of inmates; 
d. to conduct activities for the rehabilitation and development of inmates; and e. to improve jail facilities and

conditions. 

Section 6. Vision, Mission, Objectives and Functions of Directorate for Operations a. Vision – A Directorate that

will be instrumental in the humane safekeeping of inmates. 

b. Mission – To enhance jail management by formulating policies and guidelines on humane safekeeping of inmates and ensure
their compliance in all district, city and municipal jails. 

c. Objectives 

- To monitor the compliance by wardens with the different operational policies and regulations set forth by the bureau; 
- To help enhance the security and safety of the inmates as well as the jail facilities; - To equip the personnel with the necessary
skills in the effective management of jail security and safekeeping of inmates. 
- To ensure that the bureau complies with its directives pertaining to jail operations; and - To ensure that the bureau complies
with the principles relative to use of different international instruments in the humane treatment of inmates. 

d. Functions 

- Advises and assists the BJMP chief on matters relating to the formulation and execution of correctional programs, particularly
as regard organization, training, operation and planning; - Formulates and implements policies, guidelines, and programs
relating to security, custody, discipline and control of offenders; - Conducts periodic inspection of jail facilities and supervision
over 
jail facility personnel; reviews matters concerning penology such as custody, security, discipline and control of offenders; and
ensures that the same are properly and religiously implemented; 
- Formulates plans, programs, policies and guidelines for the effective nationwide implementation of rehabilitation programs
and services for all inmates; 
- Coordinates with private and government agencies and solicits their assistance and support for rehabilitation programs in jails
nationwide; and 
- Performs such other functions as the BJMP chief may direct. 

Section 7. DISTRICT JAIL - In large cities or a group of clustered municipalities, a district jail headed by a district warden
may be established. 

Section 8. CITY AND MUNICIPAL JAILS - The BJMP operates and maintains city and municipal jails, each headed by a
city or municipal warden, as the case may be. 

Section 9. CORE VALUES -The BJMP’s officers and staff are guided by the following core values: 

a. Commitment - strong sense of dedication to the ideals of the organization and to the public that it serves; 
b. Respect for Human Rights - to promote and protect the rights of our fellow human beings; c. Efficiency/Competence -

mastery of important skills for delivery of quality services; d. Cooperation - willingness to share efforts in implementing

plans and achieving goals; and e. Teamwork - the combined effective action of all personnel. 

Section 10. OBJECTIVES -The broad objectives of the Bureau are the following: 

a. To improve the living conditions of offenders in accordance with the accepted standards set by the United Nations; 

b. To enhance the safekeeping, rehabilitation and development of offenders in preparation for their eventual reintegration into
the mainstream of society upon their release; and 

c. To professionalize jail services. 

Section 11. PRINCIPLES - The following principles shall be observed in the implementation of the preceding sections: 

a. Humane treatment of inmates; 

b. Observance of professionalism in the performance of duties; and 

c. Multi-sectoral approaches in the safekeeping and development of inmates can be strengthened through active partnership with
other members of the criminal justice system and global advocates of corrections. 

Section 12. DEFINITION OF TERMS - As used in this Manual, the following terms are defined: 

Alcoholics - those inmates who suffer from alcoholism or those engaged in the improper compulsive intake of alcohol which
may result in physical, social and behavioral problems. 

Bisexual - are those inmates who have a sexual attraction or sexual behavior toward both males and females, and may also
encompass sexual attraction to people of any gender identity or to a person irrespective of that person’s biological sex or
gender. 

Carpeta - otherwise known as “inmate record or jacket”, contains the personal and criminal records of inmates, documents
related to his/her incarceration such as but not limited to: commitment order, subpoenas, personal identification, orders from the
court, and all other papers necessarily connected with the detention of an inmate. 

Child or Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), also known as “Youth Offender” - a person under eighteen (18) years
old who is alleged as, accused of or adjudged as having committed an offense under the Philippine laws. 

Chief Custodial Officer - is the personnel in-charge in the overall supervision of all custodial functions. 
City Jail - is a facility or a place of confinement for those inmates who are sentenced with a penalty from (1) one day to three
(3) year imprisonment. 

Clustering of Jails - the designation of a municipal or city Jail as a facility for one or more adjacent municipalities in order to
maximize the utilization of personnel and other resources. The “host” city or municipality is named as a district to accommodate
inmates from the municipalities clustered to it. 
Commitment Order - a written order of the court, or any other agency authorized by law to issue, entrusting an inmate to a jail
for the purpose of safekeeping during the pendency of his/her case. 

Contraband - any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules that would pose as security hazards or
endanger the lives of inmates. 

Conjugal Visitation – refers to the visit by the wife for a short period, usually an hour, more or less, to her incarcerated
husband during which they are allowed privacy and are generally understood to have sexual contact. 

Detainee - a person who is accused before a court or competent authority and is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing
or awaiting investigation, trial, or final judgment. 

District Jail - is a facility or a place of confinement for inmates coming from a city or clustered municipalities who are waiting
or undergoing trial or serving sentence of one (1) day to three (3) years. 

Drug Dependents - are those inmates who have a psychological craving for habituation to and abuse of or physiologic reliance
on a chemical/drug substance. 

Drug Users - are those inmates who take substances/drugs that can alter their body and mind works. 

Escape-Prone Inmates - are inmates who are likely and have the tendency to escape from the jail facility. 

Gay - is a male homosexual inmate, who experiences romantic love or sexual attraction to fellow male inmates. 

High Risk Inmates in BJMP Jails - are those considered as highly dangerous or with high probability of escaping or being
rescued because of the gravity of the crimes they are accused of or have a propensity for being troublemakers or initiators of jail
riots and disturbance and who require a high degree of control and supervision. Particularly included herein are those charged
with heinous crimes, such as murder, terrorism, kidnap for ransom, violation of R.A. No. 9165, the imposable penalty for which
is from life imprisonment to death, etc. These also include those who have a record of escaping from jails, recidivists, habitual
delinquents, and those with severe personality or emotional disorders that make them dangerous to their fellow inmates or the
jail personnel. 

High Profile Inmates in BJMP Jails - are those who are not necessarily charged with heinous crimes but are prominent figures
in society or public figures whose cases have drawn public interest. 

Infirmed Inmates - are those inmates who are physically or mentally weak for a prolonged period of time specifically caused
by age or illness. 

Inmate - is the generic term used to refer to a detainee or prisoner. 

Inmates with Disability - are those inmates who have an impairment that may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory,
emotional, developmental, or some combination of these. 

Inmates with Other Nationalities - are those inmates who are foreign nationals. 

Instrument of Restraint - a device, contrivance, tool or instrument used to hold back, keep in, check or control inmates; e.g.,
handcuffs. 
 Jail - is a place of confinement for city and municipal detainees/prisoners, any fugitive from justice, or person detained awaiting
or undergoing investigation or trial and/or pending transfer to the National Penitentiary, and/or violent, mentally ill person who
endangers him/herself or the safety of others, duly certified as such by the proper medical or health officer, pending transfer to a
mental institution. 

Jail Aide – is an inmate who requires less supervision than other inmates. Although he/she may be assigned special tasks,
he/she has no special privileges, and is not allowed to work alone nor exercise any authority over other inmates. 

Jail Incident -any untoward or uncommon actions, events, or conditions such as jailbreak, riot, noise barrage, stabbing or
assault upon personnel that occurs in jail and perpetrated by any person, which may or may not have followed or depended upon
another action of grave or serious consequences such as escape, injury, death, fire, flood, earthquake, or other calamity which
affects the jail. 

Jailbreak - the escape from jail by more than two (2) inmates by the use of force, threat, violence or deceit or by breaching
security barriers such as by scaling the perimeter fence, by tunneling and/or by other similar means or by burning or destructing
of the facility or a portion of the facility with or without the aid of jail officer or any other person. 

Jail escape - it is an act of leaving the jail of an inmate through unofficial and illegal ways or without any legal order from the
authorities. 

Jail Warden - person charged with the overall operational and administrative control of jail. 

Illegal Contraband- are those that are unlawful in themselves and not because of some extraneous circumstances (i.e.
dangerous drugs, weapons, potential weapons, explosives). 

Lesbian - is a female homosexual inmate, who experiences romantic love or sexual attraction to fellow female inmates. 

Mentally ill - are those inmates who suffer from mental illness and afflicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental
unsoundness. 

Mittimus Order - a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates for the service of sentence. 

Municipal Jail - is a facility or a place of confinement for those who are sentenced with a penalty for a term not exceeding six
(6) month imprisonment. 

Nuisance Contraband - are those that may not be classified as illegal under the Philippine laws but are forbidden by jail rules
i.e. cellphone, money or other commodities of exchange such as jewelry, appliances and gadgets, excessive wearing apparels
and sleeping paraphernalia, intoxicating liquors, cigarettes, pornographic materials, gambling paraphernalia and other products
that are considered as instruments for vices since they threaten the security, fire safety, sanitation of the facility, and the orderly
activities of the jail. 

Offender - refers to a person who is accused of violating or transgressing laws and ordinances passed by competent authorities in the

Philippines. 
Officer - in general, the term officer shall refer to all uniformed personnel of the BJMP; when referring to rank, however, the
term officer shall refer to those holding the rank of jail inspector and above. 

Penology - a branch of criminology dealing with jail management and administration of inmates. 

Pregnant Inmates - a female inmate bearing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within her body. 

Prisoner - an inmate who is convicted by final judgment. 

Provincial Jail – is a facility or a place of confinement for inmates who are sentenced with imprisonment from six (6) months
and (1) one to three (3) year imprisonment. 

Provincial Jail Administrator - refers to the official duly designated to head the BJMP Provincial Jail Administrator’s Office
and to oversee the implementation of jail services of all district, city and municipal jails within its territorial jurisdiction. 

Reformation - means amending or improving by changing an inmate's behavior or removing his or her faults or abuse and
removing or correcting an abuse wrong or error. 

Regional Director - refers to the official duly designated to head the BJMP Regional Office, to oversee the implementation of
jail services within his/her jurisdiction covering provincial jail administrator’s offices, district, city and municipal jails, and to
ensure the enforcement of laws and regulations related to the functions his or her office as mandated of him or her. 

Regional Office- means an office, which has administrative and operational control over its provincial jail administrator’s
offices, district, city and municipal jails. 

Rehabilitation - a program of activity directed to restore an inmate’s self respect and sense of responsibility to the community,
thereby making him/her a law-abiding citizen after serving his/her sentence. 

Safekeeping - refers to the temporary custody of a person for his/her own protection from the community he or she comes from,
and for the community he or she comes from. 

Senior Citizens Inmates - are those inmates who have reached sixty years old, or those who have retired from work, and those
who generally belong to the "old age" bracket. 

Sex Offenders - are those inmates who committed crimes involving sex, including rape, molestation, pedophilia, sexual
harassment and pornography production or distributions. 

Sexual Deviates - inmates who have a type of mental disorder characterized by a preference for or obsession with unusual
sexual practices, as pedophilia, sadomasochism, or exhibitionism or inmates whose sexual practices are socially prohibited. 

Suicidal Inmates - are those inmates who have a tendency to commit suicide or to harm themselves. 

Transgender - are those inmates whose gender identity or gender expression does not match with their innate sexual identity. 

Transfer -the delivery, notwithstanding his/her or their appeal, of an inmate or inmates sentenced to more than three (3) year
imprisonment, from any BJMP manned jail to any of the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) 
 RULE II 

COMMITMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS AND DETAINEES 

A person can be committed to jail only upon the issuance of an appropriate order by a competent court or authority so
mandated under Philippine laws. This Rule enumerates courts and authorities, and classifies inmates according to the conditions
for their commitment. 

Section 13. COMMITMENT - means entrusting for the confinement of an inmate to a jail by a competent court or authority,
for the purposes of safekeeping during the pendency of his/her case. 

Section 14.COURTS AND OTHER ENTITIES AUTHORIZED TO COMMIT A PERSON TO JAIL- The following
(courts and entities) are authorized to commit a person to jail: 

a. Supreme Court; 
b. Court of Appeals; 
c. Sandiganbayan; 
d. Regional Trial Court; 
e. Metropolitan/Municipal Trial Court; 
f. Municipal Circuit Trial Court; 
g. Congress of the Philippines; and 
h. All other administrative bodies or persons authorized by law to arrest and commit a person to jail. 

Section 15.CLASSIFICATION - refers to assigning or to grouping of inmates according to their respective penalty, gender,
age, nationality, health, criminal records, etc. 

Section 16.CATEGORIES OF INMATES -The two (2) general categories of inmates are: 

a. Prisoner - inmate who is convicted by final judgment; and b. Detainee - inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or
awaiting final judgment. 

Section 17.CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS - The four (4) main classes of prisoners are: 

a. Insular Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of three (3) years and one (1) day to reclusion perpetua or life
imprisonment; 

b. Provincial Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years; 

c. City Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to three (3) years; and d. Municipal Prisoner - one

who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to six (6) months. 

Section 18.CLASSIFICATION OF DETAINEES - The three (3) classes of detainees are those: 

a. Undergoing investigation; 
b. Awaiting or undergoing trial; and 
c. Awaiting final judgment. 

Section 19. INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION -The following are the classifications of inmates according to
security risk each may pose: 

a. High Profile Inmate - those who require increased security based on intense media

coverage or public concern as a result of their offense such as but not limited to those who have been involved in a highly
controversial or sensationalized crime or those who became prominent for being a politician, government official, multi-million
entrepreneur, religious or cause-oriented group leader and movie or television personality. 

b. High Risk Inmate - those who are considered highly dangerous and who require a greater degree of security, control and
supervision because of their deemed capability of escape, of being rescued, and their ability to launch or spearhead acts of
violence inside the jail. This includes those charged with heinous crimes such as murder, kidnapping for ransom, economic
sabotage, syndicated or organized crimes, etc. Also included are inmates with military or police training or those whose life is in
danger or under imminent threat. 

c. High Value Target (HVT) - a target, either a resource or a person, who may either be an enemy combatant, high ranking
official or a civilian in danger of capture or death, typically in possession of critical intelligence, data, or authority marked as an
objective for a mission and which a commander requires for the successful completion of the same. 

d. Security Threat Group - any formal or informal ongoing inmates’ group, gang, organization or association consisting of
three or more members falling into one of the following basic categories: street gangs, prison gangs, outlaw gangs, traditional
organized crime, aboriginal gangs, subversive groups and terrorist organizations. 

e. Subversive Group - a group of persons that adopts or advocates subversive principles or policies tending to overthrow or
undermine an established government. 

f. Terrorist Group - a group of persons that commits any of the following: piracy and mutiny in the high seas or in the
Philippine waters, rebellion or insurrection, coup d’état, murder, kidnapping and serious illegal detention, crimes involving
destruction, arson, hijacking, violation of laws on toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear waste control, violations of
atomic energy regulations, anti-piracy and anti 
highway robbery, illegal and unlawful possession, manufacture, dealing in, acquisition or disposition of firearms, ammunitions
or explosives. 

g. Violent Extremist Offender (VEO) - a person whose political or religious ideologies are considered far outside the
mainstream attitudes of the society or who violates common moral standards and who has adopted an increasingly extreme
ideals and aspirations resorting to the employment of violence in the furtherance of his/her beliefs. 

h. Medium Risk Inmates -those who represent a moderate risk to the public and staff. These inmates still require greater
security, control and supervision as they might escape from and might commit violence inside the jail. 

i. Minimum Risk Inmates (Ordinary Inmates) - those inmates who have lesser tendencies to commit offenses and generally
pose the least risk to public safety. In most cases, they may be first time offenders and are charged with light offenses. 
Section 20. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMITMENT - No person shall be committed to any jail facility without the
following required documents: 

a. Commitment Order; 
b. Medical Certificate - recent medical certificate taken within 24 hours prior to admission; c. Complaint/Information; 
d. Police Booking Sheet; and 
e. Certificate of Detention from PNP and/or NBI. 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 9: TOPIC 1- BJMP COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS MANUAL OF

2015 - RULE NO. 3 (Classification Board) 

Disclaimer: This reading material is solely part of the BJMP COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS MANUAL
OF 2015. If you want to read further here’s the link: 
https://www.bjmp.gov.ph/images/files/Downloads/BJMP_OPERATIONAL_MANUAL_2015.pdf 

RULE III 

RECEPTION AND CLASSIFICATION BOARD 

One of the Guiding Principles of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners states that
“Imprisonment and other measures which result in cutting off an offender from the outside world are affected by the very fact
of taking from a person the right of self-determination by depriving him/her of his/her liberty. Therefore, the prison system
shall not, except as incidental to justifiable segregation or the maintenance of discipline, aggravate the suffering inherent in
such a situation”. Hence, a well-planned and organized reception of detainees is critical to achieving this. The inmate’s first
 impression of the correctional process greatly influences his/her attitude and behavior toward the custodial and rehabilitative
regimens he/she must undergo during confinement and perhaps, to some extent, affect his/her outlook and adjustment after
his/her release. This Rule provides guidance on the reception and disciplinary aspects of jail management. 

Section 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES - A decent and humane program of confinement starts with a systematic reception
of inmates for commitment to the BJMP’s jail facilities. The following procedures should therefore be observed: 

A. Gater - He or she checks the credentials of the person bringing the inmate/the committing officer to determine his/her
identity and authority. Also, he or she reviews the completeness of the following documents before the person bringing an
inmate/the committing officer is allowed to enter the facility. The documents mentioned earlier refer to the: 

1.Commitment Order; 
2. Medical Certificate – recent medical certificate taken within 24 hours prior to admission;
3.Complaint/Information; 
4.Police Booking Sheet; and 
5. Certificate of Detention from PNP and/or NBI. 

Additionally, the "gater" shall subject the person to be committed and his/her escorts for search and inspection as prescribed.
Finally, he or she (gater) refers to the person to be committed and his or her escorts to the Records Unit. 

B. Records Unit- This unit examines the completeness and authenticity of the requirements for Commitment (Commitment
Order, Booking Sheet, Arrest Report and Information) before it refers the inmate for physical examination by the Health Unit. 

C. Health Unit: 

1. Checks the authenticity of the entries in the medical certificate; conducts thorough physical examination of the inmate to
determine his or her true physical condition; and asks searching questions to determine injury/injuries found to have been
sustained by the inmate after the conduct of medical examination or those injuries not diagnosed prior to commitment in jail.
Inmates are required to undress while undergoing medical examination. A female inmate shall be examined by female health
personnel. A male inmate may be examined by either male or female health personnel; 

2. In case of any discrepancy found during physical examination but same discrepancy is not indicated in the medical
certificate, the committing officer shall be required to secure another medical certificate of the inmate. The commitment of an
inmate shall be held in abeyance pending the submission of a new medical certificate with findings congruent to the medical
findings of the jail physician/nurse. The reason for the deferment of commitment shall be recorded in the jail blotter. In case
the committing officer fails to return the inmate to jail within twenty-four (24) hours, the reasons for the deferment of
commitment and the grounds thereof shall be reported immediately to the court that issued the commitment order; 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

3. In the absence of a jail nurse/medical personnel, the receiving officer shall refer the person to be committed to the nearest
government health facility for medical evaluation (check the medical certificate and observe the mental alertness, physical
abnormalities and the overall appearance of the inmates); and 

4. If no discrepancy is found during physical examination, the inmate shall be referred back to the Records Unit. 

D. Records Unit -Receives the inmate and the documents from the committing officer and conducts the following: 

1. Start the booking procedures: 

a. Accomplish the jail booking sheet; 

b. Strip-search the inmate to check for any birthmarks, tattoos, etc; 
c. Encode the inmate's information to the NIMS; 
d. Fingerprint and photograph the inmate with mug shot background; and 
e. List the names of the visitors authorized by the inmate. 

2. Apprise the inmate in a dialect that he/she understands of the provisions of Art 29 of the RPC which was further amended by
R.A. 10592; (Refer to ANNEX “A”) 

3. Facilitate the signing of the Detainee’s Manifestation if he/she agrees to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon
convicted inmates. Otherwise, the warden issues a certification under oath manifesting that the inmate was apprised of the
provision of Art 29 of the RPC as amended and refused to abide by the same; and 

4. Store all documents in the Inmate’s Carpeta. 

E. Property Custodian 

1. Checks the inmate’s belongings for the presence of contraband. Discovery of any contraband shall be treated in accordance
with existing policies. 

2. Takes all cash and other personal properties from the inmate, lists them down on a receipt form with duplicate, duly signed
by him/her and countersigned by the inmate. The original receipt should be given to the inmate and the duplicate be kept by
the Property Custodian. 

3. Keeps all cash and other valuables of the inmate in a safety vault. Said cash and valuables may be turned over to any person
authorized by the inmate. 

4. Refers the inmate to the desk officer. 

F. Desk Officer - books the newly committed inmate in the jail blotter; assigns the inmate to a reception area, if any, where
he/she shall be scheduled for orientation on jail rules and regulation, and shall undergo risk assessment and classification,
evaluation and conduct of further medical evaluation/screening by the Medical Officer. 

G. Assistant Warden or Officer of the Day - Orients the newly committed inmates on jail rules and regulations using the
Inmate’s Orientation Sheet. 

H. Jail Warden - Coordinates with concerned agencies regarding the case of inmates for speedy disposition and to furnish
them with copies of the available needed documents. The jail warden shall see to it that all concerned agencies and persons will
be informed of the commitment of the inmate in his/her jail by submitting a written report. Through his/her paralegal officer,
he/she shall ensure that the courts and prosecutors’ office are attending to the case of the inmate by constantly coordinating
with them for the purpose of speeding up the disposition of the case. For this purpose, the sharing of non 
confidential information with the concerned agencies is encouraged. 

The following agencies/persons shall be notified by the warden upon commitment of the inmate: 

1. Presiding Judge - (monthly submission of list of committed inmates to the presiding judge is mandatory) 2. Executive
Judge/ Clerk of court - (monthly submission of committed inmates is mandatory) 3. PNP - mandatory 
4. NBI - mandatory 
5. Family - mandatory 
6. PAO lawyer - in case of indigent inmate 
7. IBP legal aid - in case of indigent inmate and unavailability of PAO lawyer 
8. Private lawyer - upon request 
9. Priest or religious minister - upon request 
 10. Private physician - upon request 
st of committed inmates monthly Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

12. Public physician - as needed 

13. Psychologist/ Psychiatrist - as needed 
14. Embassy - mandatory in case of foreign national/alien 
15. DSWD - mandatory in case of CICL 
16. Court/Other branches - in case of multiple cases 

Section 22. CLASSIFICATION BOARD - Each jail shall maintain a classification board, if facilities and personnel are
available, to be composed of the following: 

Chairperson - Assistant Warden 

Member - Chief, Custodial/Security Office Member - Medical Officer/Public Health Officer Member - Jail Chaplain Member -
Inmates Welfare and Development Officer 

Section 23. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CLASSIFICATION BOARD - The Classification Board is tasked to conduct
background investigation of inmates to determine the cell assignment, the appropriate rehabilitative program, the type of
supervision and degree of custody and restrictions applicable to the inmate/s. The investigation shall focus on the following: 

a. Facts and data of the present case; 

b. Inmate's recent criminal history and the facts about the inmate's attitudes and behavior while confined in other institutions, if
the inmate is a recidivist or a habitual delinquent; 
c. Biography or life history; 
d. Medical History; 
e. Vocational, recreational, educational and religious 
background/interests; and 
f. Psychological characteristics as evaluated by the psychiatrist and psychologist. 

The inmate is required to appear before the Classification Board for validation of his/her profile. Upon completion of the
classification assessment, the inmate is then apprised of his/her cell assignment and welfare programs appropriate for him/her.
He/she is asked if he/she is willing to undergo this program for his/her own good. If he/she is willing, the Board will see to it
that the program planned for the inmate is followed. Then the inmate is assigned to his/her cell according to the approved
classification. 

Section 24. CLASSIFICATION PROCESS 

a. Admission of Inmate - Once the inmate has undergone the registration process; he/she will be temporarily housed at the
Inmate Classification and Counseling Unit (ICCU) in jails where it is available. The inmate shall stay at the ICCU for a minimum
period of thirty (30) days but not exceeding sixty (60) days or until the completion of the classification process. At the ICCU, the
newly committed inmate will undergo assessment by the different health professionals. 

b. Medical Examination - The jail medical Officer or the jail officer designated nurse of the Health Unit will conduct a
thorough physical examination on the newly committed inmate and will note down significant bodily marks, scars, tattoos and
lesions based on the medical certificate presented by the committing officer. He or she must ensure that his/her findings are
congruent to the medical certificate presented. Any discrepancy shall warrant further investigation by and reporting of the same
to the CHR. 
c. Results of the medical examination shall be recorded and shall bear the signature of the physician or nurse who conducted
the examination. Medical issues will be attended to accordingly. 

d. Dental Examination - The jail dentist shall perform a thorough dental examination and recording of his or her findings.
The record shall bear the signature of the dentist who conducted the examination. Dental issues that need immediate attention
shall be so attended to accordingly. 

e. Psychological Examination - The jail psychologist-in-charge shall conduct psychological examination to determine the
inmate’s psychological state at the time of examination. Results will be recorded in the psychologist’s logbook or in the health
assessment card/HAS and shall bear the signature of the psychologist who conducted the examination. 

f. Social Case Study - The jail social worker at the ICCU shall conduct in-depth interview with the newly admitted inmate, an
interview that considers the "who the inmate is" from birth up to the present including his/her familial, educational, social,
vocational and other issues that has an impact on his/her personality. The findings will be recorded and shall bear the signature
of the social worker who conducted the assessment. In jails without ICCU, the interview will be done by the social worker-in-
charge upon the order of the court or as requested by the medical officer, the psychiatrist or the duly designated jail warden for
specific purposes. 

g. Risk Assessment - A risk assessment tool shall be utilized to determine the level of violence/risk the inmate poses, either
external or internal. This will help in the proper classification and segregation of inmates and in the design of specific
development plans. 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

h. Psychiatric Evaluation - Using the results of the psychological examination, social case study, and risk assessment, the
psychiatrist conducts a psychiatric evaluation to determine the present mental state of the inmate and to diagnose any existing
psychiatric illness for further treatment. The result will be recorded and shall bear the signature of the psychiatrist who
conducted the examination. 

The inmate shall undergo psychiatric evaluation under the following conditions: 

1. The jail psychologist refers the inmate for further evaluation; 

2. The court orders the psychological/psychiatric evaluation of the inmate; 

3. The inmate was/is manifesting behavioral oddities; 

4. The inmate discloses or admits upon inquiry by the admitting health staff that he/she had previous psychiatric consultation or
had undergone psychiatric treatment; 
5. The inmate discloses or admits upon inquiry by the admitting health staff that he/she had attempted to commit or had
committed suicide or that he or she has noticeable body marks or scars indicating history of suicidal behavior; 
6. The inmate discloses or admits that he or she has a history of recent torture, or he or she has been a victim of physical
abuse or domestic violence; 
7. The inmate discloses upon inquiry by the health staff that he/she has recently ingested/abused illicit substances or that he or
she is an alcohol or other illicit substance dependent; 
8. The disciplinary board referred the inmate for further evaluation and management; and 9. The inmate is a recidivist for
heinous crimes or was charged of a sexual offense or was considered as violent sex offender. 

The working diagnosis will be recorded at the inmate’s health assessment card and the details of the examination will be written
in the psychiatrist’s logbook provided by the jail health unit. Every examination result shall bear the signature of the examining
psychiatrist. 
i. Case Management - Each inmate will be assigned to a specific case manager who may either be a psychologist, a social
worker or a nurse. The case manager shall be responsible for the consolidation of all the results and shall 

make the proper decision as to the classification of the inmates and the identification development programs for each inmate. 

j. Inmate Orientation and Counseling - While undergoing assessment, the inmate shall be oriented on the basic jail rules
and regulations. He/she shall be introduced to the different development programs that would best promote his/her personal
growth. 

In this phase, the newly committed inmate shall likewise undergo counseling for him/her to develop better coping skills thereby
preventing psychological imbalance in the early phase of incarceration. 

k. Inmate Evaluation and Classification - Using the different tools of assessment, the newly committed inmate will now be
classified based on the level of risk and present physical, mental and emotional state. 

l. Proper Cell Assignment and Development Plans - After the inmate has undergone all the assessments, his/her case
manager shall consolidate all the results. Based on the results of the final evaluation, the inmate may then be assigned to the
cell that is deemed best for his/her growth and well-being. 

m. The newly committed inmate is encouraged to participate in the recommended development programs. 

n. Monitoring - After the inmate has been transferred to his/her assigned cell and has been attending the prescribed
development programs, the case manager shall periodically monitor, and change and enhance inmate's development program/s
depending on his or her behavioral progress. 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 11: TOPIC 1- FORMS OF CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS

FOR INMATES WITH SPECIAL NEEDS 

First of all, what do we mean by treatment programs? And why do we need to implement these programs in our
correctional facilities? 

Correctional treatment programs can be defined as any planned and monitored programs of activity that have the goal of
rehabilitating the offender so that he or she will avoid criminal activity in the future. (Kratcoski, P. C., 2019). 

Professor’s Note: If these special needs of the prisoners are successfully addressed by the different correctional
treatment programs it will result in lower rates of recidivism (recidivism is the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or
commit a crime again). 

On a national scope, the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) shall be able to completely deliver the actual realization of
deterrence (special deterrence and general deterrence), restraint, reformation, retribution, and restoration as major interventions
for the treatment of law offenders towards a safe, secure, harmonious and progressive Philippine society. (Sec. 2, R.A. 10575
“The Bureau Of Corrections Act Of 2013”) 

So, what are the different correctional treatment programs that we implement on jails and prisons here in the
Philippines? And how do these treatment programs help the law offenders? 

“To this end, the institution should utilize all the remedial, educational, moral, spiritual and other forces and forms of
assistance which are appropriate and available, and should seek to apply them according to the individual treatment needs of the
prisoners.” Rule 59 of UNSMRTP (United Nation Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Offenders) 

Professor’s Note: The goals of correctional treatment programs are very efficient in establishing a lifestyle that is
personally satisfying and conforms to the rules and regulations of the society. These programs are selected depending on the
personal needs or special needs of the offenders. These programs are also effective in protecting the community from harmful 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

activities of the offenders. Correctional treatment programs are like an activity with the goal of rehabilitating offenders at the
same time of treating their special needs. 

TREATMENT OF INMATES WITH SPECIAL NEEDS 

According to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners“so far as possible, separate
institutions or separate sections of an institution shall be used for the treatment of the different classes of prisoners”. 

The BJMP has adhered to this principle since its creation in January 2, 1991 under R.A. 6975; however, the rise in criminality
in recent years, coupled with the passage of more stringent laws (especially for drug-related offenses). 

BASIC POLICY (According to BJMP Operation Manual of 2015) 

 As a general rule, inmates with special needs should not be held in jails with other regular inmates. For example,
female inmates should be confined in institutions that are separate from those used for males. 

Professor’s Note: Correctional Institution for Women or formerly known as the Women’s Prison is a correctional
facility especially built for women inmates in order for us to adhere with the United Nation Standard Minimum Rules for the
Treatment of Offenders. This penal facility is run by all-female officers except for the perimeter guards. 

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING FEMALE INMATES 

The following guidelines shall be observed in handling female inmates: 

1. The female quarters should be fully separated from the male quarters. 2. In larger jails, a female personnel may be
designated to keep the keys to the female quarters and make the same available at any time. 
3. No male inmate shall be allowed to enter the female quarters; and, 
4. Only work suitable to their age and physical condition should be assigned to female inmates 
5. Male personnel must provide female inmate with utmost privacy and respect for personal space; 
6. Searches shall be performed by a female personnel trained in the conduct of appropriate searching methods, shall be made in
accordance with established rules, and shall be provided with privacy during the procedure; 
y to avail themselves of all Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

programs and activities male inmates are provided with. 

8. No male jail personnel should be allowed to enter the female dorm except in emergency cases or when necessary; 
9. Only female health personnel must perform medical/physical examinations. In the absence of a female health staff, the
examination shall be performed by a male health personnel provided that there is the presence of a female staff. 

The aim of treatment with female offenders, as with all offenders, is to address the issues as a gender responsive
treatment program in order to reduce the risk of future recidivism. With the increase of the female prisoner population
worldwide, the necessity to bring more clarity to particular considerations which should apply to the treatment of female
prisoners and ways in which they should be addressed in prison has acquired particular importance and urgency. (Boer, D. P.,
Eher, D. R., Craig, L. A. (2015) 

How to handle Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) inmates? 

a. Segregate LGBTs to prevent their maltreatment and abuse by other inmates and to prevent them from
maltreating and abusing other inmates 

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING DRUG USERS/DEPENDENTS/ALCOHOLICS 

1. After reception procedures, Inmates found to be drug users,dependents or addicts should be segregated from other
inmates, especially during the withdrawal period; 2. Maintain close supervision of inmates to prevent attempts to commit
suicide or self-mutilation; 
3. Only a qualified physician shall prescribe sedatives / stimulants deemed necessary for the inmate’s treatment; 
4. Appropriate measures should be taken to enable inmates to follow strictly the jail physician’s advice regarding diet and other
medical interventions / treatments during the withdrawal period; and, 
5. Conduct regular search of the inmate’s quarters and maintain constant alertness to prevent the smuggling of narcotics and
other dangerous drugs. 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING ALCOHOLIC INMATES 

1. Place alcoholics in quarters separate from other inmates and maintain close supervision to guard against suicide attempts; 
2. Any symptoms of abnormal behavior among inmates should be reported immediately to the jail physician; and, 
3. Exercise close supervision to guard against the smuggling of liquor and other intoxicating drinks or products containing
alcohol. 

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING MENTALLY ILL INMATES 

1. The mentally-ill should be under the close supervision of a jail medical personnel; 2. Place the mentally-ill in separate
cells and special restraint rooms provided for violent cases; 
3. Exercise close supervision to guard against suicide attempts or violent attacks on others; and 
4. The mentally-ill should be transferred as soon as feasible to mental institutions for property psychiatric treatment. 

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING SEX DEVIATE INMATES 

Professor’s Note: A sexual deviant is a person with an abnormal sexual behavior. 

1. Homosexuals should be segregated immediately to prevent them from influencing other inmates or being mistreated or
abused by other inmates, and, 
2. Other sex deviates should be separated from other inmates for close supervision and control. 

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING SUICIDAL INMATES 

1. The suicidal inmate should be given close and constant supervision; 

2. Search their quarters and premises for tools / materials that can be used for suicide; and, 
3. They should be subjected to frequent strip searches. 
4. Inmates manifesting signs and symptoms of depression/suicidal tendency must be referred to the jail psychiatrist for
evaluation and management; 
5. Inmates who already have history of attempted suicide must be transferred to a government psychiatric hospital once the
court has issued an order. 

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING HANDICAPPED, AGE AND INFIRMED INMATES 

1. These inmates should be housed separately and closely supervised to protect them from maltreatment or abuse by other
inmates; and, 
2. Special treatment should be given to these inmates who shall be required to work in accordance with their physical
capabilities for their own upkeep and to maintain the sanitation of their quarters and surroundings. 

GUIDELINES IN HANDLING NON-PHILIPPINE CITIZEN INMATES 

1. The Warden shall report in writing to the Bureau of Immigration and the respective embassies of the detained
foreigners the following: 

A. Name of Jail 
B. Name of Foreigner 
C. Nationality & number of her Alien Cert. or Registration if any. 
D. Age / Sex 
E. Offense charged 
F. Case Number 
G. Court / Branch 
H. Status Case 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 12: TOPIC 1- RULES AND REGULATIONS ON MOVEMENT AND

TRANSFER OF INMATES 

Professor’s Discussion: So, why do we need to have certain rules and regulations in moving or transferring

inmates? Because we need to make sure of the security of the involved inmates. We need to shield them from any form of

danger that might be awaiting them outside the prison. Furthermore, this will help us to protect society from any harm that an

inmate may inflict during the entire transfer period. We also need to know how to securely monitor an inmate during the transfer

duration so we can avoid them from escaping. They might have associates anticipating to help them flee from prison. 

MOVEMENT/TRANSFER OF INMATES - Prisoners or detainees may be moved or transferred safely and humanely by

trained personnel who shall adopt the necessary level of security, supervision, and control to ensure public safety under specific

circumstances outlined below: 

An inmate may be brought out of jail under any of the following instances: 

● To appear, as witness before any court of justice or prosecutor’s office during preliminary investigation, arraignment

or hearing of a criminal case; 

● To appear as witness in any investigation or formal inquiry being conducted by a government agency; 

● To view the remains of a deceased relative within the second degree of affinity or consanguinity; and 

● To undergo medical examination or treatment in a hospital or clinic. 

An inmate may be transferred to another institution only upon specific order of the court having jurisdiction over

him/her, except in cases of serious illness where hospitalization is necessary, and the inmate has to be immediately taken to the

nearest hospital upon recommendation of the health officer. In this case, the jail warden, or in his/her absence, the officer in-
charge, shall immediately notify the regional director and the court concerned within six (6) hours after the inmate is brought to

the hospital or within six (6) hours from the first hour of the following day (BJMP Revised Policy on Hospitalization and Death

of Inmates dated 29 July 2010) 

In the case of inmates classified as high-risk/ high profile and detained in small and remote jail facilities or in jails not

considered as high security facility, their transfer to a better secured jail shall be effected provided a prior request is made from

the executive judge who has administrative supervision over the court in the place where the jail in which the inmate is detained

for his/her immediate action, approval and notification to the court’s Presiding Judge. 

In any emergency like riot or other jail disturbance that happens on a weekend and when the immediate transfer to other

BJMP-manned jails of inmates involved is necessary to ensure the safety of other inmates and security of the jail, the warden,

under such compelling situation, can recommend to the regional director, verbally or in writing, their immediate transfer to

another jail, provided that, on the first hour of the following working day, the court concerned must be informed of the said

transfer and a commitment order must be issued, otherwise, the return of the transferred inmates is imperative. Provided,

however, that those inmates who instigated and led, and those involved in the disturbance or violence, disruptive and/or riotous

actions so created shall be classified as high-risk detainees and shall be immediately transferred to a more secured facility in

accordance with the immediately preceding paragraph; The same classification shall be applied to inmates who: 

(a) have escaped, attempted to escape or committed acts to facilitate an escape from custody; 

● (b) demonstrated physically or sexually assaultive behavior resulting in either attempt to sexually assault any person,

serious physical injury or death of any person; 

● (c) assaulted or attempted to assault another with a deadly weapon; ● (d) compelled or attempted to compel

another to perform sexual acts, engage in sexual conduct or sexual contact, or submit to sexual contact all by means

of force or threat of force; or 

 ● (e) compelled or coerced another, by force or threat of serious physical harm or death, to provide anything of value,

to perform any act, or to violate any statute or jail rule; 

INMATES WHO WISH TO VIEW THE REMAINS OF A DECEASED RELATIVE 

For Inmates who wish to view the remains of a deceased relative within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity

and whose motion for that purpose was approved by the court as proven by a valid court order issued to the warden shall be

required to submit a written request to the warden at least three (3) days before the date of viewing and which request should be

accompanied by the following documents: 

● Death Certificate of the deceased relative duly certified by the attending physician or local civil registrar; 

● The appropriate certificate as indicated after the name of the deceased relative, to wit: 

a. Spouse - marriage contract; 

b. Children - birth certificates of the deceased child and marriage certificate of the inmate and his/her

spouse; 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

c. Father or Mother - birth certificates of the inmate and his/her deceased parent; 

d. Brother or Sister - birth certificates of the inmate and his/her deceased sibling; 

e. Grandparent - birth certificates of the inmate and his/her parent who is the child of the deceased

grandparent; and 

f. Grandchild - birth certificates of the inmate and his/her child who is the parent of the deceased

grandchild. 

● Sketch map of the place where the remains lie in state. 

 Immediately upon receipt of the court order, and with the inmate's written request yet to be submitted, the

warden shall order the Jail intelligence unit to conduct reconnaissance operation in the area where the remains of the

deceased still lie in state, to assess any threat against the inmate and/or his/her security escorts, to locate the place of

burial, and to conduct route survey to establish a safer and better route for the escorts; 

In case of Muslim inmates, it shall be ascertained whether the date indicated in the Court Order for the inmate

or inmates to viewthe remains their deceased relative/s within twenty-four (24) hours from the time of the death of his

or her/their relatives. This is view of Muslim customs and traditions, providing among others burying the dead within

twenty-four (24) hours after death. 

The warden shall timely oppose the request and timely notify the court of his or her inability to comply with the

order allowing the inmate to be escorted out of the jail to view the remains of a deceased relative in any of the

following cases: 

● The deceased relative is lying-in-state in a place beyond thirty kilometer radius from the jail or, in any case, where

the inmate cannot return to said place during daylight hours; 

● The inmate has a record of escape or attempted escape; 

● The inmate has two (2) or more pending criminal cases or is a material witness in a pending criminal case; 

● The inmate is classified as high risk, high profile, high value or violent extremist offender; 

● The inmate cannot be assured of his safety and security, or his escape is highly possible; and 

● There is an intelligence report that the inmate will escape or will be rescued. 

If approved, the inmate shall not be allowed to stay more than three (3) hours in the place where the remains of the

deceased relative lie in state. Further, in no case shall the inmate be allowed to join the funeral cortege. 
 Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 12: TOPIC 2- COOPERATION AND COORDINATION AMONG JAIL

WARDENS REGARDING TEMPORARY TRANSFER OF INMATES 
Jail Wardens must agree on the use of facilities for the temporary detention of an inmate from other localities before,
during and after trial. Wardens who shall affect the movement/transfer of an inmate shall shoulder all the expenses for
transportation and other incidental expenses of the same while confined in other jails. The classification standards of the BJMP
such as to the inmate’s age, gender, or those with special needs, among others, shall be observed while he/she is in temporary
detention. 

RULES TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN TRANSPORTING INMATES 

When moving/transporting inmates, the following shall be observed: 

A. General Precautions 

● Jail personnel shall not discuss with the inmate the transportation plans, schedules or equipment to be used / adopted; 
● Inmates shall be notified of a trip only prior to the departure and shall not be allowed to make any phone call; 
● Prior to movement/transport, all escort personnel shall be given detailed instructions on their respective duties and
responsibilities; 
● Whenever possible, transfer shall only be made during daytime; 
● Long distance transport of one (1) or more inmates shall be escorted by a minimum of three (3) escort personnel and a back-
up vehicle, if available; 
● If possible, personnel from the Jail Intelligence Unit shall serve covert security by serving as advance party of the convoy
and shall conduct road scanning of the agreed route to detect any threat to the inmate and his/her escorts while en route.
Being familiar with the area, the local intelligence unit of the nearest jail facility in the place of destination shall also assist
in long distance transport of inmates by way of conducting reconnaissance operation prior to the scheduled arrival to
determine any unusual activities in the area which may affect the safe and secure transport of the inmate; 
● The most direct and shortest route to the destination shall be taken and no deviation shall be allowed except when
security consideration requires otherwise; ● Using rented vehicle shall not be allowed when transporting inmates; ● Team
leader of the escort personnel must be equipped with a two-way radio and/or a mobile phone; 
ul eye of the escort personnel. Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ
 While in transit, the personnel shall stay close enough to the inmate to be able to respond effectively in case of
emergency. If on board a prisoners van, escort personnel shall not seat inside the van but shall instead strategically
position himself or herself in the escort seat; 
● While en route, escort personnel shall ensure that the sliding bolt lock of the back door of the van carrying the inmates is
properly locked, observe people and vehicles getting near their vehicle, and remain prepared for any eventuality; 
● Escort personnel shall observe and follow the established guidelines in escorting high-risk/high-profile and VEO’s
inmates; 
● Escort personnel shall be the first ones to disembark from the vehicle and shall position in a safe distance to ensure clear
vision of disembarking inmates. However, when boarding the vehicle, it should be the inmate who shall first board the
vehicle; 
● Escort personnel are justified in using deadly force to protect themselves and/or the inmate/s from ambush or any deadly
attack while in transport; 
● In case of an accident while en route, escort personnel shall secure and observe the inmates inside the vehicle, let them stay
inside the vehicle as much as possible. Apply first aid to injured inmates when necessary, while waiting for law
enforcement and emergency assistance. The chief escort shall also be informed about the incident and be updated of the
development in the situation; 
● In the event that radio or mobile phone communication is not possible, escort personnel may flag down any motorist,
identify themselves and ask the motorist to notify the nearest law enforcement agency for assistance; 
● In the case of minor serious vehicular problem that can be repaired on the spot, escort personnel shall secure and observe
inmates who shall remain inside the vehicle to the extent possible; 
● Maximum security measure shall be observed at all times in providing escort to high risk, high profile inmates and VEO’s
following the ratio of one is to one plus one escort supervisor; 
● The driver shall not leave the vehicle while in court or other authorized destination and be watchful of any suspicious
individual; 
● To avoid unnecessary stops while in transit, inmates should have relieved themselves from personal necessity; and 

The following basic security precautions shall be observed during transport of inmates: 

a. Do not allow inmates to tinker with the handcuff; 

b. Regard all inmates being transported as extremely dangerous; 
c. Adjust the cuffs properly for tightness to avoid the need of adjustment while en route and observe proper placement
of handcuffs which is either right to right or left to left. High risk/ high profile inmates and VEO’s must be
handcuffed at the back; 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

d. The escort shall always be on guard for any possible attack or ambush; e. Escort personnel shall be extra careful
not to sit, stand or walk next to an inmate while carrying a gun to avoid being grabbed by the inmate; 
f. Stopping along the highway while in transit is highly discouraged; 
g. Keep inmates inside the vehicle except when necessary; 
h. Thoroughly inspect restraint equipment for proper function and damage, and make a thorough body search before
placing the equipment on an inmate and before removing an inmate from a holding area; 
i. Keep inmates in sight at all times; 
j. While in court premises, firearms shall be unloaded. However, when escorting the inmate to and from the vehicle,
the same shall be properly loaded with ammunitions; 
k. Exercise good judgment as unexpected events not covered by policy or procedure may occur on any transport. If in
doubt, secure the inmate in a local law enforcement/jail facility and call the chief escort or officer of the day for
direction; 
 l. Never stop for a disabled motorist or road mishap while transporting inmates but notify local enforcement unit or
the highway patrol regarding the incident; m. Avoid interfering with road incidents such as but not limited to
robbery in progress while transporting inmates unless it poses imminent threat against the inmate, escort personnel
or the public and if the same so occurs, the immediate evacuation of the inmate from the area shall be primarily
considered. In no case shall the inmate and the vehicle be left unattended; 
n. In case of involvement in a road accident and no traffic authority is present or cannot arrive in a shortest possible
times, the position of the vehicles and the damage incurred including skid mark, if any, shall be immediately 
photographed or sketched and before leaving, provide the driver of the other party a contact number of the
jail. Once the inmate was returned to the jail, immediately coordinate with the traffic authorities having
jurisdiction in the place of incident; 
o. Secure inmates who damaged restraints, other equipment or vehicles and report rule infraction; 
p. Turn in vehicle inspection slip to the supply officer noting any vehicle deficiency or problem upon conclusion of
each transport; and 
q. Turn in or check in all inmates, property/equipment and the necessary documents to the concerned
offices. 

Use of Restraints (During Transfer) 

In all instances, an inmate being moved shall be handcuffed. When two (2) or more inmates are transported,
each must be secured to the other. In no case shall an 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

inmate be handcuffed in any part of the vehicle during transit to avoid being trapped in case of an accident. Use
additional restraints, or limited restraints for special needs, when necessary shall be authorized. 

Guidelines for using restraint: 

Professor’s Note: What do we mean by restraint? It refers to a measure or condition that keeps someone or
something under control or within limits. 

a. Never place a restrained inmate in an area where unrestrained inmates are located; 
b. Never handcuff an inmate without double-locking both handcuffs; 
c. Never handcuff a male inmate with a female inmate; 
d. Never handcuff an adult inmate with a juvenile inmate; 
e. Never handcuff a maximum risk inmate with a medium or minimum risk inmate; f. Observe right to right/left
to left when placing handcuffs; and 
g. Restraint shall never be used as a punishment. 

Special Concerns (During Transfer) 

1. Illness En Route 

a. In the event that an inmate becomes gravely ill while en route and there is no medical assistance available, the escort
personnel shall make an arrangement for a medical examination at the nearest government hospital or medical facility 
b. The escort personnel shall contact the Chief Escort or Officer of the Day for further instruction; and 
c. Should an escort personnel become ill during transport, the escort shall secure the inmate/s in a nearest jail/police station and
immediately notify the Chief Escort or Officer of the Day. 
2. Escape 

a. If an inmate escapes during transport, the escort personnel shall exhaust all means possible to immediately apprehend
the inmate; 
b. If more than one (1) inmate is being transported, at least one (1) personnel shall remain with the inmates still in custody; 
c. The escort personnel shall notify the nearest law enforcement unit and the Chief Escort as soon as possible; 
d. Personnel shall remain in the vicinity of the place where escape happened to assist local law enforcement units; and 
e. In the event that an escape or attempted escape has transpired in a public place

escort personnel shall not fire warning shots. If time and opportunity allows and no other person is near the escapee,
the personnel may shoot provided a verbal warning was made prior to the discharge of the firearm. 

3. Meals 

a. Escort personnel shall provide all meals and drinks en route with packed meals and drinks; 
b. Inmate meals shall be served to the inmate in the transport vehicle; and c. The inmate shall be kept in
restraint at all times; 

4. Restroom Breaks 

a. If possible, escort personnel shall coordinate restroom breaks with the nearest local law enforcement units or jail
facilities; 
b. In case of emergency stop, escort personnel should avoid congested areas; and 
c. Escort personnel must inspect emergency stop areas before entry and keep the inmate under visual supervision at
all times without removing the restraint. 

Guidelines in Contact to the Public (During Transfer/Movement) 

1. Escort personnel shall maintain low profile and shall avoid public contact while in a the company of an
inmate; 

2. Inmates shall not be allowed to make any phone call or contact with anyone while in transport; 

3. Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed to get near the inmate. Only a lawyer or lawyers and court personnel
shall be permitted to converse with the inmate; and 

4. No media interview shall be allowed for the inmate and/or escort personnel. 

PROFESSOR’S DISCUSSION: Improper implementation of the above mentioned guidelines could lead
to more serious events that are likely to be an imminent danger to society. Movement and transfer of prisoners
must be taken seriously as possible. 
 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 13: TOPIC 1- PRINCIPLES OF CUSTODY, SECURITY AND CONTROL

OF INMATES AND ITS APPLICATION 

PROFESSOR’S DISCUSSION: Why does security and control important in a correctional facility? As part of the
essentials of building a prison aside from the fences and walls surrounding it, it is also necessary for correctional administration
to make sure that they are providing a secure environment and overall control for all their inmates. They aim to keep society out
and to keep inmates in to avoid any form of danger that could happen. When someone is incarcerated, it means that person is
detained in a correctional facility. Therefore correction officials have custody over the criminal offenders and they are fully
responsible for the security measures inside the facility. 

CUSTODY, SECURITY AND CONTROL of INMATES 

Each jail shall, as much as practicable, maintain the following minimum standards with regard to security of the
facility: 

1. An established security perimeter. In every jail, there shall be a defined, controlled security perimeter; 

2. A secured office for personnel; 

3. A secured visiting area for inmates’ visitors; 

4. A secured multi-purpose area for inmates’ activities and an area for livelihood activities; 

5. Armory and storage lockers for inmates’ valuable items and other equipment; 

6. Operational closed circuit televisions (CCTV) strategically mounted to monitor jail premises and all activities
therein; 

7. A two-way communication system to be used by the officer of the day, supervisor, desk officer and other
personnel on duty; and 

8. Equipment necessary to sustain operability of utilities, communications, security

and fire protection equipment at all times. 

 To ensure that minimum standards in security and control are maintained, the following policies, guidelines and
procedures shall be strictly implemented in all jail facilities: 

● Each newly admitted inmate shall be thoroughly searched for weapons and other contraband immediately upon arrival in the
facility; 
● All inmates must be searched thoroughly by the duty personnel whenever they enter or leave the security areas; 
● Conduct surprise searches on inmates and inspection of their quarters and other areas accessible to inmates at least once a
week to detect and flush out contraband; ● Maintain an updated written emergency operations plan such as but not limited
to natural and man-made calamities and other jail disturbances. These plans must be made known to and understood by jail
personnel through the conduct of regular dry runs; 
● Maintain a journal of activities, emergency situations and unusual incidents; ● Maintain a key control center for storing
keys that is inaccessible to inmates and unauthorized persons. There shall be an accounting system for issuing and returning
of keys. There shall be a reporting system for documenting and repairing broken or malfunctioning keys or locks. Inmates
shall be prohibited from handling jail security keys; 
- There shall be one (1) full set of duplicate keys, secured in a place accessible only to jail personnel for use in the event of an
emergency. These keys shall be marked for easy identification during adverse conditions; 
- Continuous inspection and maintenance of all locks. Replace locks as often as possible and never allow inmates to install
locking system in the cell gates and to possess their own padlock for purposes of locking themselves in their cells that will
cause delay for personnel conducting regular cell search and inspection; 
● Maintain strict control of firearms such as, but not limited, to the following: 

a. Never allow any personnel with firearms on areas of inmates and/or in any area intended for inmates’ activities; 
b. Never allow inmates in the workplace of personnel or in areas where firearms are authorized; and 
c. Secure firearms and anti-riot equipment in the armory located within easy reach of jail personnel in case of emergencies but
not accessible to inmates. 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

All firearms, ammunition, chemical agents, related security and emergency equipment must be inventoried and tested at least
quarterly to determine their condition and expiration dates, as the case may be. This shall include regular inspection of fire
extinguishers and other detection and suppression systems available; 

All tools, toxic, corrosive and flammable substances and other potentially dangerous supplies and equipment shall be stored in a
locked area which is secure and located outside the inmate’s area. Tools, supplies and equipment which are particularly
hazardous shall be used by inmates only under direct supervision; 

Conduct daily inspections of all security facilities (i.e. closed circuit televisions, ceilings, window grills, iron bars, etc.) and
document all findings. Any tampering or defects detected must be reported in writing to proper authority for immediate action; 

Conduct regular count of inmates at least five to six (5-6) times within a 24-hour period and strictly implement the established
procedures in counting inmates. Personnel conducting the count shall record the result; 

Prohibit inmate’s visitor to stay inside jail premises beyond authorized visiting period regardless of any reasons; Ensure that all
vehicles and persons entering the jail premises are properly searched in accordance with the existing policies/procedures; 
Guidelines on the control and security of inmates regard the use of force: 

a. Use of force shall be limited to instances of justifiable self defense, prevention of self-inflicted harm, protection of others,
prevention of riot, commission of a crime, escape or other jail disturbance and to controlling or subduing an inmate who refuses
to obey a lawful command or order; 
b. Use of force shall be limited to the amount of force necessary to control a given situation and shall include a continuum of
escalating force levels; 
c. An examination and/or treatment by health personnel shall be provided to prisoners or staff involved in a use of force incident
when there is obvious physical injury or there is a complaint of injury or request for medical attention; and 
d. Use of force incidents shall be recorded and reviewed by the Warden.

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL WEEK 13:

TOPIC 2- INMATES COUNT 

It is imperative that at specified times during each 24-hour period, all inmates are physically counted. For this type of count, the
general procedures are as follows: 

a. Count each inmate physically at specified times or as necessary; 

b. During the count, ensure that all movements of inmates are stopped until the count is completed; 
c. The count must be accurate. Make a positive verification to ascertain that the inmates are physically present. Refrain from
conducting a count on the basis of only having seen any part of his clothing, hair or shoes; 
d. Submit a report of each count of a group of inmates to the warden and/or assistant warden (officer of the day); and 
e. If the total jail count does not tally with the total jail population at any given time, conduct another count. Render an
immediate report to the warden and/or assistant warden (officer of the day) relative to any unaccounted inmate. 

SECURITY PROCEDURES DURING MEAL SERVICE - Security must be considered in serving food inside the
cells/quarters. A jail officer should not enter the inmates’ quarters to distribute food unless another officer is available to handle
the keys and control the entrance door. 

DINING ROOM SECURITY - For jail facilities that have separate dining or mess halls, the following shall be observed: 

a. As a general precaution, individual mess utensils of inmates shall be made of plastic; b. When dining rooms are provided, the
inmates should march in columns of two’s along designated routes under the supervision of jail personnel. Other officials to
direct the orderly movement of inmates to and from the mess hall must be stationed along the routes; 
c. Designate a roving supervisor to handle any disturbances or settle complaints; d. After every meal, all utensils used by the
inmates should be collected. Jail personnel should strictly supervise this to ensure that no utensils are brought out the dining
room; and 
e. Check and account for all forks, spoons and other kitchen utensils after every meal.

Professor’s Discussion: Control and security inside correctional facilities involve a procedure, process or a daily
routine that must be followed, which is in place to organise how prisons operate and manage the inmates, among other things.
Procedural can also involve the detection of possible issues and problems, and then isolating and dealing with them. 

As prisons become more crowded and internal problems arise, it is important to keep control and stability inside and
outside of the prison. Although there are many security measures that can be put into place, it is hard to say whether it is the
physical design of the prison or the skilled officer that makes the difference in safety and security. Both play a major role in
keeping things running smoothly inside and outside the perimeters. (H. Redding., 2004) 
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 14: TOPIC 1- DISCIPLINARY MEASURES IMPOSED IN JAILS AND

PRISONS 

Discipline provides people with rules to live their lives efficiently and effectively. When you have discipline in your life you can
make small sacrifices in the present for a better life in the future. Discipline creates habits, habits make routines, and routines
become who you are daily. (J. Chapman., 2016) 

Professor’s Discussion: Implementing discipline inside the correctional facility is one of the crucial roles of correctional
officers. Instilling discipline to inmates is a way to ensure the safety and security of the inmates and the corrections staff,
maintain order and control within, and safeguard the facility’s security or the overall security measure of one penal facility. How
each correctional facility can do this is highly dependent on the regulations they put into place to uphold penal interests and
goals. 

DISCIPLINARY BOARD - A disciplinary board shall be organized and maintained for the purpose of hearing disciplinary
cases involving any inmate who violates jail rules and regulations. It shall be composed of the following: 

Chairperson - Assistant Warden 

Member - Chief, Custodial/Security Office Member - Medical Officer/Public Health Officer Member - Jail Chaplain 
Member - Inmates Welfare and Development Officer Member - Inmates’ Representative 

If the above composition is not feasible because of personnel limitation, the warden shall perform the board’s functions and he
shall act as the summary disciplinary officer. 

WHAT ARE THE DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD? 

The Board is tasked to investigate the facts of an alleged misconduct referred to it. It shall hold sessions as often as necessary in
a room, which may be provided for the purpose. All cases referred to it shall be heard and decided within forty-eight (48) hours
from the date of receipt of the case. 

WHAT ARE THE AUTHORIZED DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS/MEASURES FOR INMATES? The Board is authorized

to impose any of the following disciplinary ACTIONS/MEASURES: 1. For Detainees: 

 a. Admonition or verbal reprimand; 
b. Restitution or reparation; 
c. Temporary or permanent cancellation of all or some recreational privileges; d. Reduction of visiting time; 
e. Close confinement in a cell for a period not exceeding seven (7) days in any calendar month, provided that this disciplinary
action shall be imposed only in the case of an incorrigible inmate, and when other disciplinary measures had been proven
ineffective; and 
f. Transfer to another BJMP jail in the area, in coordination with the Court.

2. For Prisoners: 

a. Admonition or verbal reprimand; 

b. Restitution or reparation; 
c. Additional job functions/community service within the jail premises; 
d. Temporary or permanent cancellation of some or all recreational privileges; e. Reduction of visiting time; 
f. Close confinement in a cell for a period not exceeding seven (7) days in any calendar month, provided that this
disciplinary action shall be imposed only in the case of an incorrigible inmate, and when other disciplinary
measures had been proven ineffective; 
g. Transfer to another BJMP jail in the area in coordination with the Court; h. Suspension of visiting privileges
for a period not exceeding one (1) month, provided that this sanction shall not apply to the lawyer, physician or
religious minister serving the needs of the prisoner. 
i. Permanent cancellation of visiting privileges with respect to persons not included in the definition of immediate
family under RA 7438, provided that this sanction shall not apply to the lawyer, physician or religious minister
serving the needs of the prisoner. 

In addition to the above-mentioned punishment, the disciplinary board may recommend to the warden partial or
full forfeiture of good conduct time allowance (GCTA) to be earned for a particular month and subsequent months
depending upon the gravity of the offense. 

LIMITATIONS ON DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENT FOR INMATES - The Disciplinary Board shall consider the
following limitations when imposing disciplinary punishment: 

female inmate shall be subjected to any disciplinary punishment which might affect her unborn or nursing child; 

o infirm or handicapped offender shall be meted out punishment, which might affect his/her health or physical well-being; 

c. Corporal punishment, confinement in dark or inadequately ventilated cells and any form of cruel, unusual, inhumane or
degrading punishment are absolutely prohibited; 

hen necessary, the jail physician shall visit the detainee/prisoner undergoing punishment and shall advise the warden of the need for
the termination of the punishment imposed upon the inmate on grounds of the inmate's physical or mental health; 

truments of restraint, such as handcuffs, leg irons and straitjackets are not to be applied as a form of punishment. They shall only be
used as a precaution against escape and on medical grounds to prevent an offender from injuring himself or others; 
aches of discipline shall be handled without anger or emotionalism and decisions shall be executed firmly and justly; and 

g. As a general rule, any violation of jail rules and regulations or misconduct committed by the inmate shall be dealt
with accordingly. In extreme cases where the violation necessitates immediate action, the warden or the officer of the
day may administer the necessary restraints and report the action he or she has taken to the disciplinary board. 

PROCEDURES IN THE HEARING OF DISCIPLINARY CASES - The following procedures shall be followed in the
hearing of disciplinary cases: 

a. The aggrieved inmate or any person (visitor, inmate or personnel) reports the violation to the Desk Officer; 
b. The desk officer shall immediately submit a written report to the warden and the latter shall direct the Investigation Unit to
conduct an investigation within twenty-four (24) hours upon receipt of the directive. The Investigation Unit shall submit to
the Warden their report together with their recommendations; 
c. The warden shall evaluate the report and if he/she believes that there is no sufficient evidence to support the alleged violation,
he/she shall dismiss the case. If he/she believes that sufficient evidence exists, he/she shall decide the case and impose the
necessary penalty in case of minor violations. If the offense is less grave or grave, he/she shall endorse it to the disciplinary
board for hearing or decide it himself/herself as a in his or her capacity as summary disciplinary officer in the absence of a
disciplinary board; 
d. The inmate shall be confronted with the reported violation and asked how he/she pleads to the charge. If he/she admits the
violation or pleads guilty, the Board or the Warden, as the case may be, shall impose the corresponding authorized
disciplinary action; 
e. If the inmate denies the charge, a summary hearing shall be held giving the opportunity for both parties to present their
testimonies and those of their witnesses, if any, and to present evidence to shed light on the case; 
f. After the hearing, the board shall decide with the merits of the case as bases; g. Whether the inmate is found guilty or not,
he/she should be advised to obey the rules and regulations strictly and be reminded that good behavior is indispensable for
his/her early release and/or the granting of privileges; and 
h. Decisions of the Board are subject to review and approval by the warden whose decision should be final and executory. 
 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 15: TOPIC 1- RELEASE PROCEDURE OF INMATES FROM BUREAU OF

JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY AND BUREAU OF CORRECTION 
Discipline provides people with rules to live their lives efficiently and effectively. When you have discipline in your life

you can make small sacrifices in the present for a better life in the future. Discipline creates habits, habits make routines, and

routines become who you are daily. (J. Chapman., 2016) 

Professor’s Discussion: Implementing discipline inside the correctional facility is one of the crucial roles of

correctional officers. Instilling discipline to inmates is a way to ensure the safety and security of the inmates and the

corrections staff, maintain order and control within, and safeguard the facility’s security or the overall security measure of one

penal facility. How each correctional facility can do this is highly dependent on the regulations they put into place to uphold

penal interests and goals. 

DISCIPLINARY BOARD - A disciplinary board shall be organized and maintained for the purpose of hearing disciplinary

cases involving any inmate who violates jail rules and regulations. It shall be composed of the following: 

Chairperson - Assistant Warden 

Member - Chief, Custodial/Security Office Member - Medical Officer/Public Health Officer Member - Jail Chaplain 

Member - Inmates Welfare and Development Officer Member - Inmates’ Representative 

If the above composition is not feasible because of personnel limitation, the warden shall perform the board’s functions

and he shall act as the summary disciplinary officer. 

WHAT ARE THE DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD? 

The Board is tasked to investigate the facts of an alleged misconduct referred to it. It shall hold sessions as often as

necessary in a room, which may be provided for the purpose. All cases referred to it shall be heard and decided within forty-

eight (48) hours from the date of receipt of the case. 

WHAT ARE THE AUTHORIZED DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS/MEASURES FOR INMATES? The Board is

authorized to impose any of the following disciplinary ACTIONS/MEASURES: 1. For Detainees: 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

a. Admonition or verbal reprimand; 

b. Restitution or reparation; 

c. Temporary or permanent cancellation of all or some recreational privileges; d. Reduction of visiting time; 

e. Close confinement in a cell for a period not exceeding seven (7) days in any calendar month, provided that this

disciplinary action shall be imposed only in the case of an incorrigible inmate, and when other disciplinary

measures had been proven ineffective; and 

f. Transfer to another BJMP jail in the area, in coordination with the Court. 2. For Prisoners: 

a. Admonition or verbal reprimand; 

 b. Restitution or reparation; 

c. Additional job functions/community service within the jail premises; 

d. Temporary or permanent cancellation of some or all recreational privileges; e. Reduction of visiting time; 

f. Close confinement in a cell for a period not exceeding seven (7) days in any calendar month, provided that this

disciplinary action shall be imposed only in the case of an incorrigible inmate, and when other disciplinary

measures had been proven ineffective; 

g. Transfer to another BJMP jail in the area in coordination with the Court; h. Suspension of visiting privileges for

a period not exceeding one (1) month, provided that this sanction shall not apply to the lawyer, physician or

religious minister serving the needs of the prisoner. 

i. Permanent cancellation of visiting privileges with respect to persons not included in the definition of immediate

family under RA 7438, provided that this sanction shall not apply to the lawyer, physician or religious minister

serving the needs of the prisoner. 

In addition to the above-mentioned punishment, the disciplinary board may recommend to the warden partial or

full forfeiture of good conduct time allowance (GCTA) to be earned for a particular month and subsequent months

depending upon the gravity of the offense. 

LIMITATIONS ON DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENT FOR INMATES - The Disciplinary Board shall consider the

following limitations when imposing disciplinary punishment: 

y punishment which might affect Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

her unborn or nursing child; 

o infirm or handicapped offender shall be meted out punishment, which might affect his/her health or physical well-being; 

c. Corporal punishment, confinement in dark or inadequately ventilated cells and any form of cruel, unusual, inhumane or

degrading punishment are absolutely prohibited; 

hen necessary, the jail physician shall visit the detainee/prisoner undergoing punishment and shall advise the warden of the need for

the termination of the punishment imposed upon the inmate on grounds of the inmate's physical or mental health; 

truments of restraint, such as handcuffs, leg irons and straitjackets are not to be applied as a form of punishment. They shall only be

used as a precaution against escape and on medical grounds to prevent an offender from injuring himself or others; 

aches of discipline shall be handled without anger or emotionalism and decisions shall be executed firmly and justly; and 

g. As a general rule, any violation of jail rules and regulations or misconduct committed by the inmate shall be dealt

with accordingly. In extreme cases where the violation necessitates immediate action, the warden or the officer of the

day may administer the necessary restraints and report the action he or she has taken to the disciplinary board. 

PROCEDURES IN THE HEARING OF DISCIPLINARY CASES - The following procedures shall be followed in the

hearing of disciplinary cases: 

a. The aggrieved inmate or any person (visitor, inmate or personnel) reports the violation to the Desk Officer; 

b. The desk officer shall immediately submit a written report to the warden and the latter shall direct the Investigation Unit to

conduct an investigation within twenty-four (24) hours upon receipt of the directive. The Investigation Unit shall submit to

the Warden their report together with their recommendations; 

c. The warden shall evaluate the report and if he/she believes that there is no sufficient evidence to support the alleged violation,

he/she shall dismiss the case. If he/she believes that sufficient evidence exists, he/she shall decide the case and impose the

necessary penalty in case of minor violations. If the offense is less grave or grave, he/she shall endorse it to the disciplinary

board for hearing or decide it himself/herself as a in his or her capacity as summary disciplinary officer in the absence of a 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

disciplinary board; 
d. The inmate shall be confronted with the reported violation and asked how he/she pleads to the charge. If he/she admits the

violation or pleads guilty, the Board or the Warden, as the case may be, shall impose the corresponding authorized

disciplinary action; 

e. If the inmate denies the charge, a summary hearing shall be held giving the opportunity for both parties to present their

testimonies and those of their witnesses, if any, and to present evidence to shed light on the case; 

f. After the hearing, the board shall decide with the merits of the case as bases; g. Whether the inmate is found guilty or not,

he/she should be advised to obey the rules and regulations strictly and be reminded that good behavior is indispensable for

his/her early release and/or the granting of privileges; and 

h. Decisions of the Board are subject to review and approval by the warden whose decision should be final and executory. 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 16: TOPIC 1- ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES OF JAIL/PRISON

PERSONNEL 
Disclaimer: This part of the module is based on the 2017 Comprehensive BJMP Administrative Disciplinary Machinery.
You may use this link as your reference:
https://www.bjmp.gov.ph/images/files/Downloads/bjmp_comprehensive_administrative_disci plinary.pdf 

Professor’s Discussion: The following rules shall be applicable to all the administrative cases that are filed against any
uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. 

PUNISHABLE ACTS OF BJMP UNIFORMED AND NON-UNIFORMED PERSONNEL

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING PENALTIES 

A. GRAVE OFFENSES 
1. GROSS NEGLECT OF DUTY- Professor’s Note: Refers to negligence characterized by the want of even slight
care, or by acting or omitting to act in a situation where there is a duty to act, not inadvertently but wilfully and
intentionally, with a conscious indifference to the consequences, insofar as other persons may be affected. 

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

2. GRAVE MISCONDUCT- Professor’s Note: Defined as the transgression of some established and definite rule of
action, more particularly, unlawful behavior or gross negligence by a public officer coupled with the elements of
corruption, willful intent to violate the law or to disregard established rules. 

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

3. SERIOUS DISHONESTY- Professor’s Note: Refers to as intentionally making a false statement in any material
fact, or practicing or attempting to practice any deception or fraud in securing his examination, registration,
appointment or promotion. 

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

4. BEING NOTORIOUSLY UNDESIRABLE- Professor’s Note: This is when a BJMP Personnel is known to be
constantly and flagrant violating existing rules and regulations and which acts are known to and looked upon with
disfavor by the community. 

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

5. CONVICTION OF A CRIME INVOLVING MORAL TURPITUDE- Professor’s Note: It is the commision of

the crime which is done contrary to justice, honesty, modesty or 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

good morals. These crimes imply something immoral in itself, regardless of the fact that it is punishable by law
or not such as Rape. Murder and Voluntary Manslaughter. 

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

 6. NEPOTISM- Professor’s Note: All appointments in the national, provincial, city and municipal governments or in
any branch or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned and controlled corporations, made in favor of a
relative {within the third degree} of the appointing or recommending authority, or of the chief of the bureau or
office, or of the persons exercising immediate supervision over him, are hereby prohibited. 

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

7. PHYSICAL OR MENTAL INCAPACITY OR DISABILITY DUE TO VICIOUS HABITS

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

8. CONDUCT OF UNBECOMING OF A JAIL OFFICER- Professor’s Note: This refers to any conduct that is
unattractive, unsuitable, or detracting from one's character or reputation, creating an unfavorable impression. 

PENALTY: FIRST OFFENSE- DISMISSAL 

B. OTHER GRAVE OFFENSES 

1. LESS SERIOUS DISHONESTY 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

2ND OFFENSE: 1 year suspension or demotion 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

2. OPPRESSION- Professor’s Note: This refers to the exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust
manner. 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

2ND OFFENSE: 1 year suspension or demotion 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

3. GRAVE INSUBORDINATION- Professor’s Note: It is defined as a refusal to obey some orders, which a
superior officer is entitled to give and have obeyed. 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

2ND OFFENSE: 1 year suspension or demotion 

 Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ
3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

4. DISGRACEFUL AND IMMORAL CONDUCT- Professor’s Note: Refers to an act which violates the basic norm
or decency, morality and decorum abhorred and condemned by the society. It refers to conduct which is willful,
flagrant or shameless, and which shows a moral indifference to the opinions of the good and respectable members
of the community. 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

2ND OFFENSE: 1 year suspension or demotion 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

5. INEFFICIENCY AND INCOMPETENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF OFFICIAL DUTIES Professor’s

Note: Poor or unsatisfactory performance of an employee does not necessarily mean that he is guilty of gross and
habitual neglect of duties. 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

2ND OFFENSE: 1 year suspension or demotion 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

6. CONDUCT GROSSLY PREJUDICIAL TO THE BEST INTEREST OF THE SERVICE- Professor’s Note:
Refers to an act of a personnel that has no direct relation to or connection with the performance of her official
duties. It deals with a demeanor of a public officer which “tarnished the image and integrity of his/her public
office.” 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

2ND OFFENSE: 1 year suspension or demotion 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

7. FREQUENT UNAUTHORIZED ABSENCES- Professor’s Note: This is often referred to an absence without
leave or AWOL, occurs when an employee fails to attend work without either the absence being authorised or the
absence being genuine sickness. 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

 2ND OFFENSE: 1 year suspension or demotion 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

C. LESS GRAVE OFFENSES 

1. FAILURE TO FILE SWORN STATEMENTS OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH AND
DISCLOSURE OF BUSINESS INTEREST AND FINANCIAL CONNECTIONS INCLUDING THOSE OF
THEIR SPOUSES AND UNMARRIED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE LIVING IN THEIR
HOUSEHOLDS. 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

2. SIMPLE NEGLECT OF DUTY 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

3. SIMPLE INSUBORDINATION 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

4. GROSS DISCOURTESY IN THE CONDUCT OF OFFICIAL DUTIES 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

 5. GROSS VIOLATION OF EXISTING CIVIL SERVICE LAWS AND RULES 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

6. HABITUAL DRUNKENNESS WHILE ON DUTY 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

7. SIMPLE MISCONDUCT 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

8. ENGAGING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN PARTISAN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BY ONE OR
HOLDING NON-POLITICAL OFFICE 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Dismissal 

9. SIMPLE DISHONESTY 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Suspension for 1 month and 1 say to 6 months 

2ND OFFENSE: Suspension for 6 months and 1 day to 1 year 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

D. LIGHT OFFENSES 
 1. SIMPLE DISCOURTESY IN THE COURSE OF OFFICIAL DUTIES 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Reprimand Professor’s Note: This means (Pagsasabihan) in Tagalog. 2ND OFFENSE:

Suspension for 1 day to 30 days 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

2. VIOLATION OF REASONABLE OFFICE RULES AND REGULATIONS 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Reprimand Professor’s Note: This means (Pagsasabihan) in Tagalog. 2ND OFFENSE:

Suspension for 1 day to 30 days 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

3. BORROWING MONEY BY SUPERIOR OFFICERS FROM SUBORDINATES

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Reprimand Professor’s Note: This means (Pagsasabihan) in Tagalog. 2ND OFFENSE:

Suspension for 1 day to 30 days 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

4. WILLFUL FAILURE TO PAY JUST DEBTS 

PENALTY: 

1ST OFFENSE: Reprimand Professor’s Note: This means (Pagsasabihan) in Tagalog. 2ND OFFENSE:

Suspension for 1 day to 30 days 

3RD OFFENSE: Dismissal 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

 CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 16: TOPIC 2- INVESTIGATION, PROSECUTION AND HEARING

PROCEDURES 

INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE- The initial investigation of all complaints consisting of fact-finding and gathering

of evidence for case build-up shall be under the supervision of the DIP (Disciplinary Investigative Panel). In the regional level,

the RIPD shall conduct the initial investigation provided that when the DIP assumes or takes-over the conduct thereof, the

former must yield to the latter. In which case, the RIPD shall assist in the conduct of initial investigation especially in instances

where its assistance is required upon by the DIP. 

PROSECUTION- Authority to file a normal charge shall be primarily vested in the National or Regional Bureau

Prosecutors, or in their absences, in the DIP or C, RIPD, who shall represent the bureau and prosecute erring personnel before

the National or Regional Hearing Office within their respective jurisdiction. For this purpose, the authority to prosecute shall

also be bested in the National or Regional Bureau Prosecutors together with their Assistants within their respective assignments. 

HEARING PROCEDURES- Hearing offices shall have original and concurrent jurisdiction over all personnel charged

with administrative offenses. 

A National Hearing Office shall be established in the NHQ headed by a National Hearing Officer, assisted by Associate

Hearing Officer/s, as the need arises, together with the office staff. It shall have the authority to hear, resolve and review on

reconsideration or appeal administrative cases under the jurisdiction of the Chief, BJMP to decide as the disciplining authority. 

Likewise, there shall be a Regional Hearing Office in every regional office headed by a Regional Hearing Officer

assisted by an Associate Hearing Officer as the need arises, together with the office staff. It shall have the authority to hear,

resolve and review on the consideration administrativ cases under the jurisdiction of the regional Director to decide as

disciplining authority. 
 NHQ and the regional offices shall provide a hearing room for the conduct of administrative/ quasi-judicial proceedings

and shall allocate priority funding for this purpose subject to existing rules and regulation. 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 17: TOPIC 1- PROVISIONS OF THE LAW ON GOOD CONDUCT TIME

ALLOWANCE 

Professor’s Discussion: Last 2019, a huge controversy arose and circled all around the social media platforms and

televisions about the alleged GCTA for sale scheme. In this instance, our Government conducted a thorough investigation of any

anomaly on the implementation of the Good Conduct Time Allowance in the country and had the Department of Justice and

Department of Interior and Local Government review and revised the provisions of GCTA. The current GCTA that we are using

is under Republic Act 10592 which is an act amending articles 29, 94, 97, 98, and 99 of act no. 3815. They have new provisions
under this newly revised penal code that hasn’t been approved by the supreme court due to some matters that they are

questioning. 

Therefore, for this lesson we are going to study the abouts of Good Conduct Time Allowance and also we are going to

have a comparison of the old and new implementing rules and guidelines of Good Conduct Time Allowance. 

WHAT IS GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE? 

Good conduct time allowance or GCTA is a sentence reduction provision afforded prisoners who show good behavior.

(Vera, 2019) 

It has been in existence since 1906. Act 1533 provided for the “diminution of sentences imposed upon prisoners” in

consideration of good conduct and diligence. (Vera, 2019) 

The IRR of RA 10592 defines good behavior as: 

"the conspicuous and satisfactory behavior of a detention or convicted prisoner consisting of active involvement in

rehabilitation programs, productive participation in authorized work activities or accomplishment of exemplary deeds coupled

with faithful obedience to all prison/jail rules and regulations” 

What is RA 10592 and how does it work? 

In May 2013, then President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III signed RA 10592, amending Articles 29, 94, 97, 98, and 99

of the RPC, which sought to: 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

● expand the application of the GCTA to those under preventive imprisonment or those detained prior and during

criminal trial, who are deemed too dangerous for release; ● increase the number of days that may be credited for GCTA; 
● allow an additional sentence deduction of 15 days for each month of study, teaching, or mentoring service; and 

● expand the special time allowance for loyalty and make it applicable to those under preventive imprisonment. 

Under the policy, GCTAs are granted to prisoners based on the following measures: 

- During the first two years of imprisonment: 20 days of deduction for each month of good behavior 

- During the third to the fifth year: a reduction of 23 days for each month of good behavior 

- During the following years until the 10th year: 25 days of deduction for each month of good behavior 

- During the 11th and successive years: 30 days of deduction for each month of good behavior 

- Another deduction of 15 days for each month of study, teaching or mentoring 

The director of the Bureau of Corrections, the chief of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and/or the jail

warden can grant a GCTA. It cannot be revoked once granted, according to the law. 

Who can benefit from the law? 

Inmates who display "good behavior and [have] no record of breach of discipline or violation of prison rules and

regulations" may be eligible for GCTA, according to the BuCor operating manual, as cited in the SC decision. 

Who is excluded from the law? 

Recidivists or those who “have been convicted previously twice or more times of any crime,” habitual delinquents,

escapees and persons charged with heinous crimes are excluded from its coverage, according to section 1 of RA 10592. 

Under Section 1 of the Republic Act 10592 as amended, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code, is hereby

further amended to read as follows: 

 Period of preventive imprisonment deducted from term of imprisonment. –Professor’s Note: Preventive imprisonment

is imposed upon a person before he/she is convicted, if he/ she cannot afford bail, or if his/her criminal case is non-bailable. 

Offenders or accused who have undergone preventive imprisonment shall be credited in the service of their sentence

consisting of deprivation of liberty, with the full time during which they have undergone preventive imprisonment if the

detention prisoner agrees voluntarily in writing after being informed of the effects thereof and with the assistance of counsel to

abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners, except in the following cases: 

"1. When they are recidivists, or have been convicted previously twice or more times of any crime; and 

"2. When upon being summoned for the execution of their sentence they have failed to surrender voluntarily. 

"If the detention prisoner does not agree to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners, he

shall do so in writing with the assistance of a counsel and shall be credited in the service of his sentence with four-fifths of the

time during which he has undergone preventive imprisonment. 

"Whenever an accused has undergone preventive imprisonment for a period equal to the possible maximum

imprisonment of the offense charged to which he may be sentenced and his case is not yet terminated, he shall be released

immediately without prejudice to the continuation of the trial thereof or the proceeding on appeal, if the same is under review.

Computation of preventive imprisonment for purposes of immediate release under this paragraph shall be the actual period of

detention with good conduct time allowance: Provided, however, That if the accused is absent without justifiable cause at any

stage of the trial, the court may motu proprio order the rearrest of the accused: Provided, finally, That recidivists, habitual

delinquents, escapees and persons charged with heinous crimes are excluded from the coverage of this Act. In case the

maximum penalty to which the accused may be sentenced is lestierro, he shall be released after thirty (30) days of preventive

imprisonment." 

Partial extinction of criminal liability. – Criminal liability is extinguished partially: "1. By conditional

pardon; 
"2. By commutation of the sentence; and 
"3. For good conduct allowances which the culprit may earn while he is undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving his

sentence." 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 17: TOPIC 2- NEW IMPLEMENTING RULES AND GUIDELINES OF

GCTA 

So, What’s inside the new implementing rules and guidelines of GCTA? 

The New IRR of Republic Act 10592 or the GCTA law now categorically excludes heinous crime convicts from the
benefits of the GCTA Law. 

Professor’s Note: There is no explicit definition of what heinous crimes are – only an enumeration of crimes that due
to their 'manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity' merited the death penalty until its abolition in 2006 (Gavilan,
J. 2019). These are crimes considered as hatefully or shockingly evil. Examples of heinous crimes are murder, assault,
kidnapping, arson, burglary, robbery, rape or other sexual offense. 

Here are the salient amendments in the new IRR: 

1. Recidivists, habitual delinquents, escapees, those charged with heinous crimes and an accused who, upon being summoned
for the execution of his sentence has failed to surrender voluntarily before a court of law, are excluded from good conduct time
allowance under RA 10592. 

2. Prisoners disqualified under RA 10592, such as heinous crime convicts, but who were convicted before the law became
effective in 2013 shall be entitled to good conduct time allowance under the Revised Penal Code 
3. Prisoners disqualified under RA 10592, such as heinous crime convicts, and who were convicted after the law became
effective in 2013, shall not be entitled to any type of good conduct time allowance 

4. Heinous crimes are the same heinous crimes defined under Republic Act 7659 or the now-repealed death penalty law. It is
the DOJ's view that RA 7659 was repealed only insofar as imposing the death penalty, but not the definition of heinous crimes. 

5. To increase transparency, the Management, Screening and Evaluation Committee (MSEC) shall publish the list of prisoners
who may be qualified for release on 3 conspicuous places within the jail premises and/or uploaded in their respective websites
subject to the Data Privacy Act. 

6. The MSEC shall invite representatives from accredited civil society organizations to appear as observers during
deliberations 

7. To encourage sustained good behavior, the new IRR says accrued time allowances shall be granted at the end of the
prisoners' 2nd year, 5th year, 10th year, 11th year and every year thereafter. 

Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

In the new rule, GCTAs accrue monthly to follow the law, but are granted at the end of the 2nd year, 5th year, 10th
year, 11th year, and beyond. 

Here is a comparison table of the RPC GCTA and the New IRR on RA 10592 GCTA… 
REVISED PENAL CODE  REPUBLIC ACT 10592

GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE

DURING FIRST TWO YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT:

5 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good 20 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior
behavior

DURING THE THIRD TO FIFTH YEAR OF IMPRISONMENT:

8 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good 23 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior
behavior
 DURING THE FOLLOWING YEARS UNTIL THE TENTH YEAR OF IMPRISONMENT:

10 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good 25 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior
behavior

DURING THE ELEVENTH YEAR AND SUCCESSIVE YEARS OF HIS IMPRISONMENT:

15 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good 30 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior
behavior

AT ANY TIME DURING IMPRISONMENT:

NO PROVISION  15 DAYS: Deduction for each month of study, teaching or mentoring

service time rendered

Professor’s Note: At any time during the period of imprisonment, he shall be allowed another deduction of fifteen
days, in addition to the good conduct time allowance on good behavior, for each month of study, teaching or mentoring service
time rendered. 

What are the grounds for disqualification for GCTA under BJMP manual? 

Professor’s Note: If an inmate committed any violations of the jail rules and regulations such as the following: 

1. Minor Offenses (one month disqualification) 

1) Selling or bartering with fellow inmate(s) those items not classified as contraband; 2) Rendering personal
service to fellow inmate(s); 
3) Untidy or dirty personal appearance; 
4) Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and orderliness in his quarters and/or surroundings; 
5) Making frivolous or groundless complaints; 
plaints on behalf of other inmates; Prof. Sharina Jane Tantoco-Peralta, MSCJ

7) Late in formation during inmate headcount without justifiable reason 

8) Willful waste of food. 

2. Less grave offenses (2-3 months disqualification) 

1) Failure to report for work detail of sentenced inmates without sufficient justification; 2) Failure to render
assistance to an injured personnel or inmate; 
 3) Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail: 
4) Behaving improperly or acting boisterously during religious, social and other group functions; 
5) Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory language directed at other persons; 
6) Malingering or pretending to be sick to escape work assignment; 
7) Spreading rumors or malicious intrigues to besmirch the honor of any person, particularly BJMP personnel; 
8) Failure to stand at attention and give due respect when confronted by or reporting to any BJMP personnel; 
9) Forcing fellow inmates to render personal service for him/her and/or to others; 10) Exchange uniforms or wearing
clothes other than those issued to his/her for the purpose of circumventing jail rules; 
11)Loitering or being in an unauthorized place; 
12) Using the telephone without authority from the Desk Officer/Warden; 13) Writing, defacing, or drawing on walls,
floors or any furniture or equipment; 14) Withholding information which may be inimical or prejudicial to the jail
administration; 
15) Possession of lewd or pornographic literature and/or photographs; 
16) Absence from cell, brigade, place of work during headcount, or at any time without justifiable reason; and 
17) Failure to turn over any implement/article issued after work detail. 

3. Grave Offenses (4-6 months disqualification) 

1) Making untruthful statements or lies in any official communication, transaction, or investigation; 

2) Keeping or concealing keys or locks of places in the jail which are off limits to inmates; 
3) Giving gifts, selling, or bartering with jail personnel; 
4) Keeping in his/her possession money, jewelry, cellular phones or other communications devices and other items
classified as contraband under the rules; 5) Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be tattooed on any part of the body, or
keeping any paraphernalia to be used in tattooing; 
6) Forcibly taking or extorting money from fellow inmates and visitors; 
7) Punishing or inflicting injury or any harm upon him/herself or other inmates; 8) Receiving, keeping,
taking or drinking liquor and prohibited drugs; 
9) Making, improvising or keeping any kind of deadly weapon; 
10) Concealing or withholding information on plans of attempted escapes; 11) Unruly conduct and
flagrant disregard of discipline and instructions; 
12) Escaping, attempting or planning to escape from the institution or from any guard; 13) Helping, aiding, or
abetting others to escape; 
14) Fighting, causing any disturbance or participating therein and/or 12 agitating to cause such disturbance or riot; 
15) Indecent, immoral, or lascivious acts by him/herself to be the subject of such indecent, immoral or lascivious acts; 
16) Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by any BJMP personnel; 
17) Assaulting any BJMP personnel; 
18) Damaging any government property or equipment; 
19) Participating in kangaroo court, an unauthorized or irregular court conducted with disregard for or perversion of
legal procedures as mock court by the inmates in a jail/prison; 20) Failing to inform the authorities concerned when afflicted
with any communicable disease, such as tuberculosis, sexually-transmitted diseases, etc.; 
21) Engaging in gambling or any game of chance; 
22) Committing any act which is in violation of any law or ordinance, in which case, he/she shall be prosecuted
criminally in accordance with law; and 
23) Committing any act prejudicial to good order and discipline. 
 The disqualification for violation of jail rules and regulations shall depend on the gravity of the offense charged. 

Professor’s Note: In cases of "special circumstances," such as calamities, prisoners who, after evading preventive
imprisonment or the service of their sentence, give themselves up to authorities within 48 hours after the "circumstance" has
passed, will get a "loyalty" deduction of one-fifth of their sentence. (Vera, 2019) 

This means, prisoners who have evaded service due to fire, earthquake, explosion, or other catastrophes must surrender
within two days from authorities’ declaration that such events are no longer present to qualify for the loyalty deduction or what
we call SPECIAL TIME ALLOWANCE FOR LOYALTY. 

What is a special time allowance for loyalty? – A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence shall be granted
to any prisoner who, having evaded his preventive imprisonment or the service of his sentence under the circumstances
mentioned in Article 158 of RA 10592, gives himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a
proclamation announcing the passing away of the calamity or catastrophe referred to in said article. A deduction of two-fifths of
the period of his sentence shall be granted in case said prisoner chose to stay in the place of his confinement notwithstanding the
existence of a calamity or catastrophe enumerated in Article 158 RA 10592. 

This Article shall apply to any prisoner whether undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving sentence. 

Who grants time allowances? – Whenever lawfully justified, the Director of the Bureau of Corrections, the Chief of
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and/or the Warden of a provincial, district, municipal or city jail shall grant
allowances for good conduct. Such allowances once granted shall not be revoked." 

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION READING MATERIAL 

WEEK 18: TOPIC 1- IMPORTANT TERMS TO REMEMBER PERTAINING TO

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 

Professor’s Note: Hooray!! We’re almost done, Buddy! I hope that you have learned a lot from our previous
topics. And for the last part, here are the important terms that you have to remember in Correctional Administration.
These are terms that you would often hear and encounter in correctional administration. These terms could be a big help
for you in the future, especially if you would like to be a Jail Officer someday. 

● CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus commitment order, the
prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court, including the appellate court, if any. 
 - Prison Records-Personal circumstances of an inmates 

● COMMITMENT- The entrusting for confinement of an inmate to a jail by competent authority for investigation, trial and/or
service of sentence. 

● CORRECTIONS – is that branch of administration of criminal justice charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of the convicted offender. 

- also a generic term that includes all government facilities, programs, procedures, personnel and techniques concerned with the
investigation, intake, custody, confinement, supervision or treatment of alleged offenders. 

● Penology—The derived from the Latin word ‘’POENA”” means “”pain of suffering””,is a branch of criminology that deals
with the custody,rehabilitation and reformation of inmates. 

● COMMITMENT – a written order of the court or any other competent authority, consigning an offender to jail or prison for
confinement. 

● MITTIMUS - A warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed therein. 

● Rehabilitation – A program of activity directed to restore an inmate’s self – respect thereby making him a law-abiding
citizen after serving his sentence ( restoring back once capacity) 

● CONTRABAND – any article, item or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules. 

● CORPORAL PUNISHMENT - the infliction of physical pain as a form of punishment.

● DETAINEE – person who is confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or upon legal process
issued by competent authority. A person accused before a court or competent authority who is temporarily confined in jail
while undergoing investigation, awaiting final judgment. 

● Prisoner – is a person of an accused who is convicted of the final judgment and classified as municipal,city,provincial and
national prisoner. 

● Safekeeping---Temporary confinement of a person for his own safety, security and protection. 

● Rehabilitation Model----underscores the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological or psychological models. 

● Just a desert model----correctional model wherein criminals are punished because they have infringed the right of others and
the security of the sanction should fit the seriousness of the crime. 

● Educational program----regarded as the most important program that aid in the rehabilitation of prisoners. 
● Operation Greyhound------Utilized as a method in searching the prisoners for possession of contraband inside prison
institutions. 

● Contraband-----any materials or items prohibited in RPC or in prison institutions. 

● Personal—Nobody can assume the suffering for a crime committed by others. ● Idleness----Considered as a persistent
problem in almost all prison facilities which contribute to failure of the reforming programs. 

● Escape----unreasonable or unlawful manner of getting out from prison. ● Death-----Supreme court

automatically reviews the cases of criminals convicted. 

● Biological model-----crime causation focus in criminal disorder, chromosomes, irregularity and abnormal brain activity. 

● Disorganized Criminal----are inmates called when they are all low or afflicted with psychological or physical disability and
who have difficulty functioning with the prison society. 
● Incapacitation-----under the correctional goal, the criminal is rendered physically unable to commit crime in the future. 

● Inquisition-----the right to be tried in an ecclesiastical court during the middle ages. ● Restitution-----provide

financial remuneration for the losses incurred by the victim. 

● Hustling------selling illegal commodities. 

● Discipline----is the continuing state of good character. 

● CAPIC----------remarkability of prison product 

● Frisking-----refers to body search 

● Hardwood shop------blamed to be the source of all harmful materials being used in rioting inmates. 

● Correction----branch of the criminal justice system concerned with the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders. 

● Securing Sanctuary---criminal can seek refuge in a church in order to avoid punishment in a period of 90 days. 

● Quarantine Cell-----special unit or section of the RDC where the prisoner was given thorough physical examination
including blood test, x-ray, vaccination and immunity for 5 days period. 
● Diversification----principle of separating homogeneous type of prisoner that requires special treatment and or degree of
custody factor. 

● Lock-up-----PNP controlled detention cell 

● Death row phenomenon—Opponents of capital punishment claim that prisoners isolation and uncertainty over their fate
constitute a form of mental cruelty, specially long term death row inmates are liable to become mentally ill. 

● sentenced for violation of the Customs law or other laws within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs or enforceable by
it, or for violation of election of immigration laws; or one sentenced to serve two or more prison sentences or aggregate
exceeding the period of three years, whether or not he has appealed. It shall also include a person committed to the bureau
by a court or competent authority for safekeeping or similar purpose. Unless otherwise indicated, “inmate” shall also refer
to a “detainee”. 
● Detainee----Person of an accused under investigation, awaiting trial or waiting for final disposition of the case. 

● DETERRENCE – a crime – control strategy that uses punishment to prevent others from committing similar crimes. 

● DEGREE OF CUSTODY---most common factor for diversification. 

● DIVERSIFICATION – Administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied and flexible types of physical
plants for more effective control of the treatment programs of its diversified population. 
● DIVERSION – Establishment of alternatives to formal justice systems such as deferred prosecution resolution of
citizen’s dispute, and treatment alternatives to street crimes. 

● DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – A crime strategy that focuses on keeping the offenders in the community rather than
placing them in long – term institutions. 

● PENANCE – An ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense. 

● PENAL SERVITUDE – A punishment, which consist in keeping an offender in confinement and compelling him to labor 

● PENALTY – Is the suffering that is inflicted by the state for the transgression of the law. 

● PENITENTIARY – A prison, correctional institution, or other place of confinement where convicted felons are sent to serve
out the term of their sentence. 

● SAFEKEEPING – The temporary custody of a person for his own protection, safety, or care; and/or his security from
harm, injury or danger for the liability he has committed. 

● STATUS OFFENSE – Behavior or conduct that is an offense when committed by juvenile. 

● BLUE- FLU – The practice of uniformed personnel of taking sick leave EN MASSE to back-up their demands for improved
working conditions, salary increments, and other items on their agenda. 
● CONVICT BOGEY – Society exaggerated fear to convict an ex- convict which is usually far out of proportion to the real
danger they present. 

● FURLOUGH – Authorization that permits inmates to leave containment for emergency family crises, usually accompanied
by correctional officer crises include visiting “death – bed”. 

● HALFWAY HOUSES – Are non-confining residential facilities for adjudicated adults or juvenile or those who are subject
to proceedings. They are an alternative to containment for people not suited for probation who need a period of re-
adjustment to the community after imprisonment. 

● Quarter houses – for probationers 

● Half houses – for parolees and for bound for release 

● Three Quarter houses – intensive alternative for prison confinement/committed. 

● EXPUNGE – The process by which the record of crime conviction is destroyed or sealed after expiration of statutorily
required time. 
● State used system-----was referred to where prisoners were employed in the production of goods and services used only in
Government institutes and agencies. 

● Deferred sentence----Probation record status 

WEEK 15

Last 2019, a huge controversy arose and circled all around the social media platforms and televisions about the alleged GCTA
for sale scheme. In this instance, our Government conducted a thorough investigation of any anomaly on the implementation of
the Good Conduct Time Allowance in the country and had the Department of Justice and Department of Interior and Local
Government review and revise the provisions of GCTA. Photo Credit: Youtube

TOPIC 1: PROVISIONS OF THE LAW ON GOOD CONDUCT TIME

ALLOWANCE

Therefore, for this lesson we are going to study the abouts of Good Conduct Time Allowance and also we are going
to have a comparison of the old and new implementing rules and guidelines of Good Conduct Time Allowance.

WHAT IS GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE?

Good conduct time allowance or GCTA is a sentence reduction provision afforded prisoners who show good
 behavior. (Vera, 2019)

It has been in existence since 1906. Act 1533 provided for the “diminution of sentences imposed upon prisoners” in
consideration of good conduct and diligence. (Vera, 2019)

The IRR of RA 10592 defines good behavior as:

"the conspicuous and satisfactory behavior of a detention or convicted prisoner consisting of active involvement in
rehabilitation programs, productive participation in authorized work activities or accomplishment of exemplary deeds coupled
with faithful obedience to all prison/jail rules and regulations”

What is RA 10592 and how does it work?

In May 2013, then President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III signed RA 10592, amending Articles 29, 94, 97, 98, and
99 of the RPC, which sought to:

● expand the application of the GCTA to those under preventive imprisonment or those detained prior and during
criminal trial, who are deemed too dangerous for release;
● increase the number of days that may be credited for GCTA;
● allow an additional sentence deduction of 15 days for each month of study, teaching, or mentoring service;
and
● expand the special time allowance for loyalty and make it applicable to those under preventive imprisonment.

Under the policy, GCTAs are granted to prisoners based on the following measures:

- During the first two years of imprisonment: 20 days of deduction for each month of good behavior

- During the third to the fifth year: a reduction of 23 days for each month of good behavior

- During the following years until the 10th year: 25 days of deduction for each month of good behavior

- During the 11th and successive years: 30 days of deduction for each month of good behavior

- Another deduction of 15 days for each month of study, teaching or mentoring

The director of the Bureau of Corrections, the chief of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and/or the jail
warden can grant a GCTA. It cannot be revoked once granted, according to the law.

Who can benefit from the law?

Inmates who display "good behavior and [have] no record of breach of discipline or violation of prison rules and
regulations" may be eligible for GCTA, according to the BuCor operating manual, as cited in the SC decision.
Who is excluded from the law?

Recidivists or those who “have been convicted previously twice or more times of any crime,” habitual delinquents,
escapees and persons charged with heinous crimes are excluded from its coverage, according to section 1 of RA 10592.

Under Section 1 of the Republic Act 10592 as amended, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code, is
hereby further amended to read as follows:

Period of preventive imprisonment deducted from term of imprisonment. –Professor’s Note: Preventive
imprisonment is imposed upon a person before he/she is convicted, if he/ she cannot afford bail, or if his/her criminal case is
non-bailable.

Offenders or accused who have undergone preventive imprisonment shall be credited in the service of their sentence
consisting of deprivation of liberty, with the full time during which they have undergone preventive imprisonment if the
detention prisoner agrees voluntarily in writing after being informed of the effects thereof and with the assistance of counsel
to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners, except in the following cases:

"1. When they are recidivists, or have been convicted previously twice or more times of any crime; and "2. Upon being

summoned for the execution of their sentence they have failed to surrender voluntarily.

"If the detention prisoner does not agree to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners, he
shall do so in writing with the assistance of a counsel and shall be credited in the service of his sentence with four-fifths of the
time during which he has undergone preventive imprisonment.

"Whenever an accused has undergone preventive imprisonment for a period equal to the possible maximum
imprisonment of the offense charged to which he may be sentenced and his case is not yet terminated, he shall be released
immediately without prejudice to the continuation of the trial thereof or the proceeding on appeal, if the same is under review.
Computation of preventive imprisonment for purposes of immediate release under this paragraph shall be the actual period of
detention with good conduct time allowance: Provided, however, That if the accused is absent without justifiable cause at any
stage of the trial, the court may motu proprio order the rearrest of the accused: Provided, finally, That recidivists, habitual
delinquents, escapees and persons charged with heinous crimes are excluded from the coverage of this Act. In case the
maximum penalty to which the accused may be sentenced is lestierro, he shall be released after thirty (30) days of preventive
imprisonment."

Partial extinction of criminal liability. – Criminal liability is extinguished partially: "1. By

conditional pardon;

"2. By commutation of the sentence; and

"3. For good conduct allowances which the culprit may earn while he is undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving his
sentence."
So, What’s inside the new implementing rules and guidelines of GCTA?

The New IRR of Republic Act 10592 or the GCTA law now categorically excludes heinous crime convicts from the
benefits of the GCTA Law.
The New IRR of Republic Act 10592 or the GCTA law now categorically excludes heinous crime convicts from the
benefits of the GCTA Law.

Professor’s Note: There is no explicit definition of what heinous crimes are – only an enumeration of crimes that
due to their 'manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity' merited the death penalty until its abolition in 2006
(Gavilan, J. 2019). These are crimes considered as hatefully or shockingly evil. Examples of heinous crimes are murder,
assault, kidnapping, arson, burglary, robbery, rape or other sexual offense.

Here are the salient amendments in the new IRR:

1. Recidivists, habitual delinquents, escapees, those charged with heinous crimes and an accused who, upon being summoned
for the execution of his sentence has failed to surrender voluntarily before a court of law, are excluded from good conduct
time allowance under RA 10592.

2. Prisoners disqualified under RA 10592, such as heinous crime convicts, but who were convicted before the law became
effective in 2013 shall be entitled to good conduct time allowance under the Revised Penal Code
3. Prisoners disqualified under RA 10592, such as heinous crime convicts, and who were convicted after the law became
effective in 2013, shall not be entitled to any type of good conduct time allowance

4. Heinous crimes are the same heinous crimes defined under Republic Act 7659 or the now-repealed death penalty law. It
is the DOJ's view that RA 7659 was repealed only insofar as imposing the death penalty, but not the definition of heinous
crimes.

Professor’s Note: There is no explicit definition of what heinous crimes are – only an enumeration of crimes that
due to their 'manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity' merited the death penalty until its abolition in 2006
(Gavilan, J. 2019). These are crimes considered as hatefully or shockingly evil. Examples of heinous crimes are murder,
assault, kidnapping, arson, burglary, robbery, rape or other sexual offense.

Here are the salient amendments in the new IRR:

5. Recidivists, habitual delinquents, escapees, those charged with heinous crimes and an accused who, upon being summoned
for the execution of his sentence has failed to surrender voluntarily before a court of law, are excluded from good conduct
time allowance under RA 10592.

6. Prisoners disqualified under RA 10592, such as heinous crime convicts, but who were convicted before the law became
effective in 2013 shall be entitled to good conduct time allowance under the Revised Penal Code
7. Prisoners disqualified under RA 10592, such as heinous crime convicts, and who were convicted after the law became
effective in 2013, shall not be entitled to any type of good conduct time allowance

8. Heinous crimes are the same heinous crimes defined under Republic Act 7659 or the now-repealed death penalty law. It
is the DOJ's view that RA 7659 was repealed only insofar as imposing the death penalty, but not the definition of heinous
crimes.

9. To increase transparency, the Management, Screening and Evaluation Committee (MSEC) shall publish the list of
prisoners who may be qualified for release on 3 conspicuous places within the jail premises and/or uploaded in their
respective websites subject to the Data Privacy Act.

10. The MSEC shall invite representatives from accredited civil society organizations to appear as observers during
deliberations

11. To encourage sustained good behavior , the new IRR says accrued time allowances shall be granted at the end
of the prisoners' 2nd year, 5th year, 10th year, 11th year and every year thereafter.

In the new rule, GCTAs accrue monthly to follow the law, but are granted at the end of the 2nd year, 5th year, 10th
year, 11th year, and beyond.

Here is a comparison table of the RPC GCTA and the New IRR on RA 10592 GCTA…

REVISED PENAL CODE REPUBLIC ACT 10592

GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE

DURING FIRST TWO YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT:

5 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior 20 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior

DURING THE THIRD TO FIFTH YEAR OF IMPRISONMENT:

8 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior 23 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior

DURING THE FOLLOWING YEARS UNTIL THE TENTH YEAR OF IMPRISONMENT:

10 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior 25 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior
 DURING THE ELEVENTH YEAR AND SUCCESSIVE YEARS OF HIS IMPRISONMENT:

15 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior 30 DAYS: Deduction for each month of good behavior

AT ANY TIME DURING IMPRISONMENT:

NO PROVISION 15 DAYS: Deduction for each month of study, teaching

or mentoring service time rendered

Professor’s Note: At any time during the period of imprisonment, he shall be allowed another deduction of fifteen
days, in addition to the good conduct time allowance on good behavior, for each month of study, teaching or mentoring
service time rendered.

What are the grounds for disqualification for GCTA under BJMP manual?

Professor’s Note: If an inmate committed any violations of the jail rules and regulations such as the following:

1. Minor Offenses (one month disqualification)

1) Selling or bartering with fellow inmate(s) those items not classified as contraband;
2) Rendering personal service to fellow inmate(s);
3) Untidy or dirty personal appearance;
4) Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and orderliness in his quarters and/or surroundings;
5) Making frivolous or groundless complaints;
6) Taking the cudgels for or reporting complaints on behalf of other inmates;
7) Late in formation during inmate headcount without justifiable reason
8) Willful waste of food.

2. Less grave offenses (2-3 months disqualification)

1) Failure to report for work detail of sentenced inmates without sufficient justification;
2) Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel or inmate;
3) Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail:
4) Behaving improperly or acting boisterously during religious, social and other group functions;
5) Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory language directed at other persons;
6) Malingering or pretending to be sick to escape work assignment;

1) Spreading rumors or malicious intrigues to besmirch the honor of any person, particularly BJMP personnel;
2) Failure to stand at attention and give due respect when confronted by or reporting to any BJMP personnel;
 3) Forcing fellow inmates to render personal service for him/her and/or to others;
4) Exchange uniforms or wearing clothes other than those issued to his/her for the purpose of circumventing jail
rules;
5) Loitering or being in an unauthorized place;
6) Using the telephone without authority from the Desk Officer/Warden;
7) Writing, defacing, or drawing on walls, floors or any furniture or equipment;
8) Withholding information which may be inimical or prejudicial to the jail administration;
9) Possession of lewd or pornographic literature and/or photographs;
10) Absence from cell, brigade, place of work during headcount, or at any time without justifiable reason; and
11) Failure to turn over any implement/article issued after work detail.

3. Grave Offenses (4-6 months disqualification)

1) Making untruthful statements or lies in any official communication, transaction, or investigation;

2) Keeping or concealing keys or locks of places in the jail which are off limits to inmates;
3) Giving gifts, selling, or bartering with jail personnel;
4) Keeping in his/her possession money, jewelry, cellular phones or other communications devices and other items
classified as contraband under the rules;
5) Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be tattooed on any part of the body, or keeping any paraphernalia to be
used in tattooing;
6) Forcibly taking or extorting money from fellow inmates and visitors;
7) Punishing or inflicting injury or any harm upon him/herself or other inmates;
8) Receiving, keeping, taking or drinking liquor and prohibited drugs;
9) Making, improvising or keeping any kind of deadly weapon;
10) Concealing or withholding information on plans of attempted escapes;
11) Unruly conduct and flagrant disregard of discipline and instructions;
12) Escaping, attempting or planning to escape from the institution or from any guard;

13) Helping, aiding, or abetting others to escape;

14) Fighting, causing any disturbance or participating therein and/or 12 agitating to cause such disturbance or riot;
15) Indecent, immoral, or lascivious acts by him/herself to be the subject of such indecent, immoral or lascivious
acts;
16) Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by any BJMP personnel;
17) Assaulting any BJMP personnel;
18) Damaging any government property or equipment;
19) Participating in kangaroo court, an unauthorized or irregular court conducted with disregard for or perversion of
legal procedures as mock court by the inmates in a jail/prison;
20) Failing to inform the authorities concerned when afflicted with any communicable disease, such as tuberculosis,
sexually-transmitted diseases, etc.;
21) Engaging in gambling or any game of chance;
 22) Committing any act which is in violation of any law or ordinance, in which case, he/she shall be prosecuted
criminally in accordance with law; and
23) Committing any act prejudicial to good order and discipline.

The disqualification for violation of jail rules and regulations shall depend on the gravity of the offense charged.

Professor’s Note: In cases of "special circumstances," such as calamities, prisoners who, after evading preventive
imprisonment or the service of their sentence, give themselves up to authorities within 48 hours after the "circumstance" has
passed, will get a "loyalty" deduction of one-fifth of their sentence. (Vera, 2019)

This means, prisoners who have evaded service due to fire, earthquake, explosion, or other catastrophes must
surrender within two days from authorities’ declaration that such events are no longer present to qualify for the loyalty
deduction or what we call SPECIAL TIME ALLOWANCE FOR LOYALTY.

What is a special time allowance for loyalty? – A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence shall be
granted to any prisoner who, having evaded his preventive imprisonment or the service of his sentence under the
circumstances mentioned in Article 158 of RA 10592, gives himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the
issuance of a proclamation announcing the passing away

of the calamity or catastrophe referred to in said article. A deduction of two-fifths of the period of his sentence shall be
granted in case said prisoner chose to stay in the place of his confinement notwithstanding the existence of a calamity or
catastrophe enumerated in Article 158 RA 10592.

This Article shall apply to any prisoner whether undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving sentence.

Who grants time allowances? – Whenever lawfully justified, the Director of the Bureau of Corrections, the
Chief of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and/or the Warden of a provincial, district, municipal or city jail shall
grant allowances for good conduct. Such allowances once granted shall not be revoked."
TOPIC 1: IMPORTANT TERMS TO REMEMBER PERTAINING TO
CORRECTIONAL
ADMINISTRATION

Hooray!! We’re almost done, Buddy! I hope that you have learned a lot from our previous topics. And for
the last part of our module, here are the important terms that you have to remember in Correctional Administration.
These are terms that you would often hear and encounter in correctional administration. These terms could be a big
help for you in the future, especially if you would like to be a Jail Officer someday.

● CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus commitment order, the
prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court, including the appellate court, if any.

- Prison Records-Personal circumstances of an inmates

● COMMITMENT- The entrusting for confinement of an inmate to a jail by competent authority for investigation, trial
and/or service of sentence.

● CORRECTIONS – is that branch of administration of criminal justice charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.

- also a generic term that includes all government facilities, programs, procedures, personnel and techniques concerned
with the investigation, intake, custody, confinement, supervision or treatment of alleged offenders.
● Penology—Derived from the Latin word ‘’POENA”” means “”pain of suffering””,is a branch of criminology that
deals with the custody,rehabilitation and reformation of inmates.

● COMMITMENT – a written order of the court or any other competent authority, consigning an offender to jail or
prison for confinement.

● MITTIMUS - A warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed therein.

● Rehabilitation – A program of activity directed to restore an inmate’s self – respect thereby making him a law-
abiding citizen after serving his sentence ( restoring back once capacity)

● CONTRABAND – any article, item or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules.
● CORPORAL PUNISHMENT - the infliction of physical pain as a form of punishment.

● DETAINEE – person who is confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or upon legal
process issued by competent authority. A person accused before a court or competent authority who is temporarily
confined in jail while undergoing investigation, awaiting final judgment.

● Prisoner – is a person of an accused who is convicted of the final judgment and classified as
municipal,city,provincial and national prisoner.

● Safekeeping---Temporary confinement of a person for his own safety, security and protection.

● Rehabilitation Model---underscores the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological

or psychological models.

● Just a desert model----correctional model wherein criminals are punished because they have infringed the right of
others and the security of the sanction should fit the seriousness of the crime.

● Educational program---regarded as the most important program that aid in the rehabilitation of
prisoners.

● Operation Greyhound------Utilized as a method in searching the prisoners for possession of contraband inside
prison institutions.

● Contraband- - -any materials or items prohibited in RPC or in prison institutions.

● Personal—Nobody can assume the suffering for a crime committed by others.

● Idleness----Considered as a persistent problem in almost all prison facilities which contribute to failure of the
reforming programs.

● Escape---unreasonable or unlawful manner of getting out from prison.

● Death- - -Supreme court automatically reviews the cases of criminals convicted.

● Biological model-----crime causation focus in criminal disorder, chromosomes, irregularity and abnormal brain
activity.

● Disorganized Criminal---are inmates called when they are all low or afflicted with psychological
or physical disability and who have difficulty functioning with the prison society.
● Incapacitation-----under the correctional goal, the criminal is rendered physically unable to commit crime in the
future.
● Inquisition-----the right to be tried in an ecclesiastical court during the middle ages.

● Restitution----provide financial remuneration for the losses incurred by the victim.

● Hustling-- - -selling illegal commodities.

● Discipline---is the continuing state of good character.

● CAPIC-------remarkability of prison product

● Frisking- - -refers to body search

● Hardwood shop------blamed to be the source of all harmful materials being used in rioting
inmates.

● Correction----branch of the criminal justice system concerned with the custody, supervision
and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

● Securing Sanctuary---criminal can seek refuge in a church in order to avoid punishment in

a period of 90 days.

● Quarantine Cell-----special unit or section of the RDC where the prisoner was given
thorough physical examination including blood test, x-ray, vaccination and immunity for 5
days period.

● Diversification----principle of separating homogeneous type of prisoner that requires special

treatment and or degree of custody factor.

● Lock-up- - -PNP controlled detention cell

● Death row phenomenon—Opponents of capital punishment claim that prisoners isolation

and uncertainty over their fate constitute a form of mental cruelty, specially long term death
row inmates are liable to become mentally ill.

● sentenced for violation of the Customs law or other laws within the jurisdiction of the Bureau
of Customs or enforceable by it, or for violation of election of immigration laws; or one
sentenced to serve two or more prison sentences or aggregate exceeding the
period of three years, whether or not he has appealed. It shall also include a person
committed to the bureau by a court or competent authority for safekeeping or similar purpose.
Unless otherwise indicated, “inmate” shall also refer to a “detainee”.
● Detainee Person of an accused under investigation, awaiting trial or waiting for final
disposition
of the case.
● DETERRENCE – a crime – control strategy that uses punishment to prevent others from
committing similar crimes.

● DEGREE OF CUSTODY---most common factor for diversification.

● DIVERSIFICATION – Administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied

and flexible types of physical plants for more effective control of the treatment programs of its
diversified population.
● DIVERSION – Establishment of alternatives to formal justice systems such as deferred
prosecution
resolution of citizen’s dispute, and treatment alternatives to street crimes.

● DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – A crime strategy that focuses on keeping the offenders in

the community rather than placing them in long – term institutions.

● PENANCE – An ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an ecclesiastical court for some

spiritual offense.

● PENAL SERVITUDE – A punishment, which consist in keeping an offender in confinement and

compelling him to labor

● PENALTY – Is the suffering that is inflicted by the state for the transgression of the law.

● PENITENTIARY – A prison, correctional institution, or other place of confinement where

convicted felons are sent to serve out the term of their sentence.

● SAFEKEEPING – The temporary custody of a person for his own protection, safety, or care;
and/or his security from harm, injury or danger for the liability he has committed.

● STATUS OFFENSE – Behavior or conduct that is an offense when committed by juvenile.

● BLUE- FLU – The practice of uniformed personnel of taking sick leave EN MASSE to back-up
their demands for improved working conditions, salary increments, and other items on their
agenda.

● CONVICT BOGEY – Society exaggerated fear to convict an ex- convict which is usually far
out of proportion to the real danger they present.

● FURLOUGH – Authorization that permits inmates to leave containment for emergency family
crises, usually accompanied by correctional officer crises include visiting “death – bed”.
● HALFWAY HOUSES – Are non-confining residential facilities for adjudicated adults or
juvenile or those who are subject to proceedings. They are an alternative to containment for
people not suited for probation who need a period of re- adjustment to the community after
imprisonment.

● Quarter houses – for probationers

● Half houses – for parolees and for bound for release

● Three Quarter houses – intensive alternative for prison confinement/committed.

● EXPUNGE – The process by which the record of crime conviction is destroyed or sealed after
expiration of statutorily required time.

● State used system----was referred to where prisoners were employed in the production of
goods
and services used only in Government institutes and agencies.

● Deferred sentence----Probation record status