for Power BI and Azure Synapse

Experiment #1
Assisting with data
modelling
Can you give an example of a data model in Power BI?

Sure, here is an example of a simple data model in Power BI:

Imagine that you have a dataset containing information about sales transactions at a
retail store. The data includes the date of each transaction, the product that was
purchased, the price of the product, and the customer who made the purchase.

In this scenario, you could create a data model in Power BI with the following tables and
relationships:

 Transaction table: Contains one row for each transaction, with columns for the
transaction date, product, price, and customer.
 Product table: Contains one row for each unique product, with columns for the
product name and category.
 Customer table: Contains one row for each unique customer, with columns for
the customer's name and contact information.
 The Transaction table would have a relationship with the Product table, using the
product name as the link between the two tables. Similarly, the Transaction table
would have a relationship with the Customer table, using the customer name as
the link.

This data model would allow you to create visualizations and reports in Power BI that
show information about sales transactions, products, and customers, and how they are
related to each other. For example, you could create a bar chart that shows the total sales
for each product category, or a pie chart that shows the percentage of sales made by
each customer.
Can you convert the description to metadata definitions?

Sure, here is an example of how the data model described above could be defined using
metadata:

In this metadata definition, each table is defined with its name and a list of columns,
along with the data type for each column. The relationships between the tables are also
defined, using the names of the columns that link the tables together. This metadata
definition provides a clear and concise way to describe the structure and organization of
the data in the Power BI data model.
Cool, here is the details of my current project we are working with the following
table:

Table: Emission
- Column: Timestamp (datetime)
- Column: Value (string)
- Column: Unit (string)
- Column: EmissionType (string)
- Column: Entity (string)

Do you see any potential problems with this table?

It's difficult to say whether there are any potential problems with this table without more
context about the data and how it will be used in the project. However, based on the
information provided, there are a few potential issues that could arise with this table
design:

The data type for the Value column is a string, which means that it can store any type of
text data. However, if the Value column is intended to store numeric data, it would be
more appropriate to use a numeric data type such as decimal or integer. This would allow
for more efficient storage and analysis of the data.

The Unit column is defined as a string data type, which means that it can store any type
of text data. However, if the Unit column is intended to store a specific unit of
measurement for the Value column, it would be more appropriate to use a fixed set of
values for the Unit column. For example, you could define the Unit column as an
enumerated data type with a fixed list of allowed values, such as "kg" for kilograms, "lbs"
for pounds, and "t" for metric tons. This would ensure that the data in the Unit column is
consistent and can be easily interpreted.

The EmissionType and Entity columns are also defined as string data types, which means
that they can store any type of text data. However, if these columns are intended to store
specific categories or types of data, it would be more appropriate to use an enumerated
data type with a fixed list of allowed values. This would ensure that the data in these
columns is consistent and can be easily interpreted.

Overall, the table design appears to be relatively straightforward, but some minor
changes to the data types for certain columns could improve the usability and
effectiveness of the data model.
OK, thanks, can you update the table with these suggestions?

Sure, here is an updated version of the table with the suggested changes:

In this updated table design, the data type for the Value column has been changed from a
string to a decimal, which allows for more efficient storage and analysis of numeric data.
The Unit column has been defined as an enumerated string with a fixed set of allowed
values, which ensures that the data in this column is consistent and can be easily
interpreted. The EmissionType and Entity columns have also been defined as enumerated
strings with fixed sets of allowed values, which ensures that the data in these columns is
consistent and can be easily interpreted.

Overall, this updated table design should provide a more effective and usable data model
for the project.
What potential keys to other tables do you see in the data?

Based on the information provided, it's difficult to say what potential keys to other tables
may exist in the data. However, some possible keys that could be defined in the Emission
table include the following:

 A primary key for the Emission table, which could be a combination of the
Timestamp, Value, and Unit columns. This would ensure that each row in the
table has a unique identifier that can be used to reference it from other tables.

 A foreign key for the EmissionType column, which could be linked to a

EmissionType table that contains more detailed information about each type of
emission. This would allow for more efficient storage and analysis of the data,
and would enable you to create reports and visualizations that show how
different types of emissions contribute to overall emissions levels.

 A foreign key for the Entity column, which could be linked to an Entity table that
contains more detailed information about each entity that generates emissions.
This would allow for more efficient storage and analysis of the data, and would
enable you to create reports and visualizations that show how different entities
contribute to overall emissions levels.

Overall, there may be a number of potential keys that could be defined in the Emission
table, depending on the specific needs of the project and the data that is available.
You know what! EmissionType and Entity are both foreign keys! Can you update
the data model code accordingly with these new tables added?

Just guess what kind of columns they may contain. We will update them later.

Sure, here is an updated version of the data model code that includes the EmissionType
and Entity tables as foreign keys in the Emission table:

In this updated data model, the EmissionType and Entity columns in the Emission table
are defined as foreign keys that link to the EmissionType and Entity tables, respectively.
The EmissionType and Entity tables each contain a Name column and a Description
column, which could be used to store more detailed information about each type of
emission and each entity.

Overall, this updated data model should provide a more flexible and efficient way to store
and analyze the data, and should enable you to create more detailed reports and
visualizations. You can update the tables and relationships as needed to reflect the
specific needs of your project.
Didn't you forget primary keys for EmissionType and Entity?

Yes, you are correct. In the previous data model code, I forgot to include primary keys for
the EmissionType and Entity tables. Here is an updated version of the data model code
that includes primary keys for these tables:

In this updated data model code, the Name column in each of the EmissionType and
Entity tables is defined as the primary key for those tables. This ensures that each row in
these tables has a unique identifier that can be used to reference it from other tables.

Overall, this updated data model should provide a complete and consistent way to define
the structure and organization of the data, and should support efficient storage and
analysis of the data within the Power BI platform.
We also found an entityCategory table as well as an entitySubCategory table. Only
subcategory has a relation to Entity. Can you add these?

Sure, here is an updated version of the data model code that includes the EntityCategory
and EntitySubCategory tables:

In this updated data model code, the EntityCategory and EntitySubCategory tables have
been added, and the Entity table has been updated to include a foreign key for the
Category column that links to the EntityCategory table. The EntitySubCategory table has
a foreign key for the Entity column that links to the Entity table.

This updated data model should provide a more detailed and flexible way to store and
analyze the data, and should enable you to create more complex reports and
visualizations that show the relationships between emissions, entities, categories, and
subcategories. You can update the tables and relationships as needed to reflect the
specific needs of your project.
Let's also add a date dimension.

Sure, here is an updated version of the data model code that includes a Date dimension
table:

In this updated data model code, the Date dimension table has been added, and a
relationship has been defined between the Emission table and the Date table. The Date
table contains a Date column that is the primary key for the table, as well as Year, Month,
and Quarter columns that can be used to group and filter the data by time period.

This updated data model should provide a more flexible and powerful way to store and
analyze the data, and should enable you to create reports and visualizations that show
the relationships between emissions, entities, categories, subcategories, and time
periods. You can update the tables and relationships as needed to reflect the specific
needs of your project.
Great, before we finalize, do you see any problems with the current model?

It's difficult to say whether there are any problems with the current data model without
more information about the data and how it will be used in the project. However, based
on the information provided, the data model appears to be well-structured and should
support efficient storage and analysis of the data.

One potential issue with the current data model is that the Emission table contains a
Timestamp column that stores the date and time for each emission event. However, the
Date dimension table only contains a Date column that stores the date without the time.
This means that the Emission table and the Date table may not be directly linked by a
common key, and you may need to use additional calculations or transformations to link
the data in these tables together.

Another potential issue is that the Entity table contains a Category column that is linked
to the EntityCategory table, but there is no direct relationship between the Entity table
and the EntitySubCategory table. This means that you may need to use additional
calculations or transformations to link the data in these tables together, in order to create
reports and visualizations that show the relationships between entities, categories, and
subcategories.

Overall, the current data model appears to be well-structured and should support
efficient storage and analysis of the data. However, you may need to use additional
calculations or transformations to link the data in the different tables together, in order
to create more complex reports and visualizations.
Great catch! Two very valid problems. Can you fix them?

Sure, here is an updated version of the data model code that addresses the two potential
issues that were identified:

In this updated data model code, the Emission table has been updated to include a Date
column and a Time column, which are calculated from the Timestamp column using the
Date and Time
Great, can you add surrogate keys to the whole model?

Sure, here is an updated version of the data model code that includes surrogate keys for
all of the tables:

In this updated data model code, each table has been updated to include
For the Emission table I have to do the transformation in Power Query from how it
started out in the source to the end result we ended up with here. Can you tell me
the Power Query M code needed for these transformations?

Sure, here is an example of the Power Query M code that could be used to transform the
Emission table in the data model:
The Emission table is a SQL table from a server called GNRC and a database called
EmissionDB. please revise.

Sure, here is an example of the Power Query M code that could be used to transform the
Emission table in the data model, when the source data is stored in a SQL table on a
server called GNRC and a database called EmissionDB:
Please remove all comments from the code.

Sure, here is an example of the Power Query M code that could be used to transform the
Emission table in the data model, when the source data is stored in a SQL table on a
server called GNRC and a database called EmissionDB, without any comments:

In this updated Power Query M code, all comments have been removed, leaving only the
code that is needed to transform the Emission table in the data model. This code first
 This is not query folding! Please reiterate without using native SQL queries.

Sure, here is an example of the Power Query M code that could be used to transform the
Emission table in the data model, when the source data is stored in a SQL table on a
server called GNRC and a database called EmissionDB, without using native SQL queries:

My note:

Here it broke. I waited 5 minutes, but it never finished the writing...

ChatGPT doesn’t offer any way to stop a current request and cannot continue or reiterate any
prompts while it’s hanging. So I had to shut down the experiment for now.