PREFACE This solutions manual was made available when An /ntreduction to Mechanics was published but it soon went out of print. Nevertheless, a number of copies have been circulated privately and over the years some errors have been discovered, We have corrected all the errors that have come to our attention, A word of caution: These solutions are offen terse, more terse that we would provide today. In the Second Edition of our book, which is under preparation, we plan to provide solutions in a more discursive style nal solutions. We thank Gilbert Hawkins for preparing the ot Daniel Kleppner Robert J. Kolenkow March, 2010Chapter 1 a @) Aro = tars) f scan feck = rheafssk ) KB slay lean fh ecrark = -3f- ap esl &) APB = cayesy + (3001) 7a) = at a jk a“ Gy axe = fans 7] = -sfsafeirk 6 12 a) 33) UR cos (X89 = ABs (A 8) we "2Y+C1NC-3S + CON (-1), B Varneay® Wear eCayeea = -0.P06 ts Ayt Ail = Acose, = Ax Ay” x? = Acre, = AB Ag = AR = Acoso, = AY A= VAx+Ay TAR = A Vaerptey™ Mence st4g2+y? =] (4) RBH 1B) hence ¢8-8)- CA-B) = (A+B) CAB) Aah Bre? = AT+QN Tt Be Kea -2n8 = +2neB = ABO oy\s OL Oe qt a) >) ; wr Ob + ° = A-B * 0 B =-+, =, ca C-c’= CAtB)-(A-B) = A? B* =O [él a aAteee =o 73 = ~ ~_—— ~=a = a A Sc o= Ry A+ Bte)= AxB+ Axe Hence 1AXB I= 1AKS) = = AB sin Y= AC sin —a = sing Sin ¥ ete, a ALA A VEZ) 44 4 Be aye eta jy) a t & = Mdeose f sciedsind rie Similarly bo cor Pi esine * aA ab = CCN cos CO-%) Bot B.D = (eas eNcosP) #Csine) Criny) R-& <0 GYAN Ay Cag =o Bho GY ny -Odny trys Fo Hence nys 7 Va ng and ny= Se My Wie a= Vapendeng = Ingl [ay Cero? ngs tose and Aa t For (-2i+s]} +3k)= K-08 xe) os ao A= Bre >I ob B= Acos@ B-(RAYA Cm Asine S=CaxR) ed[73] zs hey, G-7,)- 44 (4-7, )* Zz ty osm hey, - £977 Be ve h/t, h Meme he ETT (T2 +T,)Diebance moved by center is related te angle of rotation by xsRE Mee Yada'Re< Rae ay R= 2tsinwt f Qe ciacout f Hence A Weves 2tew coswt &Bt s= YT Hence s= Fece Fbrak + Face TAL ay T= [ 28 (aace * Perak ) T Face Shrak A SOU KIO mi /g® 44% #2RKIO mi/st T ic minimized by making ay, a6 lage as possible. Trin = 33-75 (a) Vs tee red = heard v= Valtecaa 7 VSR m/s () fe CF- 6) t+ lrSrare) S = -arth + @ycua & as YaN*+6 = 24/ m/e 6=> A de a= -Rwit re] ~ aca) alte at) a sale A /eor d= lade aw Vv a jerk e — dz _ ja, dea jekt ag st lel ge * e rk = - Rw? y= RE@-Rsin& qt RCt-cos 8) Se R6-Reose & X= V-Vecos@ 4 = Reine oaVeng > fe Vwsne, 9 = Vw cos & ve He Geax Ga (FF) Fe (vs RPO) S ae m, 242 aa (3- Byte agesay (by as H- Sto when HE Be Hence ame when en = Ee tt tad (c) a= # (0-268) +505] lapl=ia,| becomes li-267] = [sei For O = {tay ° 5+V33 1S: Be SHS = 2.69 rad = ISH Let v, be the imitial velocity x= (y, eos @)t 4 7 Me sin) = Fg V Let rock hit slpe at t=¢. _ hos. Find valve of @ which maximizes xtt,). Lp ux Xo) y(t) te xed Syed i Wyre kaxtras | yc) = Wvesine) #, - bgt? = (tend) x04) - aie Bt yh) = -tan? xt) => x)= YE (costo tan P teon? sine @-) Maximising x(t) as a fenetion of @ yichl tan (26) = tan(E-P) Gy - F/ Fay a ~ FemChapter 2 . ze A a= Eats st fn @) w= Cade = (HE A. oe? Alms a = « 24 A . a A W) Pe (Vat (4- ¢ a2 i}m ) ig k . 2 46 4\a pve fe % ° | CR +H )h 1 pe cs a Fe¥- te kms a | — . I= T= M% \ Meg -T™ Ma% ne y= X% since the hength of AT TS abning cent. [4 Mag = (M.+M.) %, Mag ss MM, M. * y= He > «= dae 9Hene ope mee 2 WR 2 aM a= (RS )4 T" (SSE) q 10ize! Engredients most likely t fall from top mg-N =m Rw® N= mg -mRw? Neo at crvheal cpeed N Fe TR ™ mg Ray ——+ (a) ¥ F-F=mMa Le mM F=Maa £ Mg Fe (“eMs) £ a Bt Fr an=_ums Hence F= (MMe) amg th My f ay ¢ maf “gle ™, aa £'=M,@ rt F's “(a wei) Bt iy asin > Fis (Mita Re) Analysis in Prob 2.7 £- Fal Nsin® = ™y Nese = my /R aR /y> tan & tan ® = 2 Re we i ™@ mR wre RFe G Me /. 32 But GM, Gw» Me R= + (2.8) C8. 6hyr08)* 77 (enxro*) #72 | = e62re] Feeng Hence a= say. Yo= ug T, where Fe jemy in direction shown, T 4s the Lime For cleth b be polled out. fe aaa rf | a’m seg vie vy~ gt Bless comer be vest ad te Ee Eb travels a distance 5, = vet BAY #3 stwie a = 2 ae) Ti Fer ssc b fiz “a 2 ca) T C4) (0.5) (32) rae ais) + er + + | *, Mg Mag XaTOMGg EM x, Tl mag = Max ar’-T=2 (Massless pulley) vy, ee, tt, + hatha’ Xe te th, 3 = cons#, Yenee eH Ma/a x= (ama) 9 Solving > uMatM, \ze] +c" Ts Xe &b-—>T A T= My, . i Tr sled Mg> T's MX Tr . T-2T= 0 (Masslecs pelley) Ort Constracmd: Ken kp = comet. Yence Ke = Xp Cxpr xa) + Cx p> a= const Hence Xt Xp = 2xpe 2X Belving , me me Med = MghMeg A Laymg + Sete + MMe] D gs MAMeS = ke (MeMg) Meg /0 OoN, Ng fe ob x {Mat—> f Mag Xa, Fay = feng th of shring eee x.-% + 27 70° ref OM fm AM f.-T = ML Fa Mag Myy-2T = Mz ¥ Selon Te ae "f 7 a wan * Hs) \a1é] A~mi He -mg my x-X= h-y #-As-§ h ‘ Salvi 4 clvingy 5 Atg g- At a2 4 15al @) f N N= mgqcos & mg sn@ af s uN = wing cose “eS Hence, tan O = ng tam Orgy Ht oe £ ) feese+ Nene - mq=e e! N Nese -fsin@ = ma 1S. e Fm uN ab shipping bah Solvng, ae (S24) ™g Tn ad +sine I N I ©) Nein = Feoe@ ~ mgz0 ‘e Neoso +f£sinre =-ma — fear foun at himed oN Saloiap, ; ms cos S tusine Snax ™ Cae sees te d 2, F F 12 4 4 ewer 2F +N- Mg = Ma I t 2F-N- my 2 ™a | P | Silvia Mg ¢ 1 ye a= em J ™s[217] Becawe Mg is ig ae metionless, all bedres i have the same heritenta/ rt gh acceleration Q. | Mag T= Maa —_>F M3q-T=0 F'= Maa F-F'-T=M,@ 7 RT, ae ' | Eliminating {F' T, a} Palleg halter 7 on M, M. an ‘Ma (mamtMa) 9 (= 221 a FUT =-M,y, [ae T - Ts Mh 7 y F’=s M3 Xz F % T Moq-T > Med Ir M38 traints: Cons rain s M, + x hs x, —xaty = length of string Wace X40 -MaMag X= DM M+ MMg+2MM5* M5) 7eal ee og oI F-r’s (A)a oa Fis Ems BED Ja mit») mx a 4 Satving , Foo Gtakfome & a(t Rea t)F (3! Tand Tand @) IT gie=W “Ee Wut” es w 28ine Tend Tidy Tons e000 ss aN —> Triddle Inward force ™ 2T sin & Sar tS = Tae Taos (am\rat am 2 Zot Mla Hence T= “Gry 18. 4 Inward force = Tsin & + Crear) sin & ar 4S = Tae Hence N= TA r Merisontal forees are alse in eguilibrivm. tra) cos 82 ~ Tros ME -f <0 > Ff Sar Assume repe & on verge of cliporng. Then feun ATs ur ae gt aut T! id 7 ae (Epa + abe yey 2 EE = mrust Ore r w= TE - EGP TS 2. Reid T= AE = an Vee m= STR We want ras small es possible, hence make r=R Then Trin = Viar/Gp 19Pm = 22g lem? For avai lable materials. Then Trin = 5000 seconds, ae) Gravitational ferce on m at radius r= GMm />* Me™, GR)? r3 GNemr Fee on m = QE Ne ge” < = Mar Hence mit = — La r SHM Pardod = ar Pq = Pik minotes R GM Re Ruse in ok Ge os ad fe R T= avr TA as abeve | Bat] (See problem 2.26) Mereage Z—_|™ 3 ma, Bis XN E Fe rece = me * 7 my = 7 a * => sum, period Ts a7 ho Fe mar e\2.28] Minimum speed: (Secces as shown) Neose+ fsin = My Name -feoe = Mv/R At lwo, EAM S.tvng, - SmO~ pcos @ Vine jr 3 ( tos ane) T Maximom speed: Nees @ -Fsrine = My Nemo +feos6 © mv/R £ An Setemnp [Ry ( SO tecose sbesuseese) 1 cos & Tusine “! = T=(F-v|d? + (rS+ ars) FS But reyt > tay, ar -) Hence Te-vywt? +aviw & 2(t) Starts te ckid when Mes 4M oR ayug a by2 wie vew'tt= (ag) Hence f= Tet Vous W2u* . == “ aa a wot S tena = 22 Gage 408 00™ me me Fez a De,” ~~ 4 -T= mm, C= Hed — < n° a “T= ™ ( &- re) ™ wa uo A-Y. : 2 -T= ™e L-#,- (4-5) s] ¥ . bw? Stlving, ~= etn we ("BSee lay k, axe F/R, . . Ax, = F/ ky Ox, aKa =F OK + Zk) Wenee kepe = Flax, a UWne i) Ve Vea) kee 7 ws Vk Be Ve * w= lm Che, Tk) k, {by F Fi = k,ax ‘ Fi=kax . & Fae” TTR 7 (kok) ax Mence keg = keke and to = Vike =, zz] N —>v (a) mg-N = mv? /R N cannot be negative Hence pebble Fhis off if mE > mg or v> Ve 23a) ¢ While in contact N N-mgcos@ =- mv3/RK ; ; mg With the condition N=0, woe must have cose, = v*/Rq There is @ more stringent condition based on f= “NV. Frmgsin® 3 4m lgcoce -Vv/R) Sth® S pcos ree v*/Re bet wos Use cos@-sir@ = Va cos(ore) Then co (e+ JE) ES G a o= mCF —rw) i = rw a ? rt Jon te antichied’ Ii rz Acvts pert rey = ATE Veoy = -WAtWB This epve Te make B50, choose veele-wrce) Then Tare“? 24(z3e) r oO (a) ona = rds +atw Tr m 5° ig J Merce § Ge=- | 3g y oe, % which yields co = w ( aye w (ss, wre WY -T= mCF -rut) ri T# mrwt= mu? Te re 2.35 iz fa) -N=- a Fe m£é =mdt because valld f= AN yz Hence SE YE + tt =- (2 Gdt => ia ele a One ie AGE) vA a) gaye +P) ~» exe, +t tn (iw At)EET a min -ee-be £ Sea = - & (a rF=—) x(e™ Ee = Ret + ’ vex (= =x) shire tte Nees @ -mg=0 a Nein = mrw*> mr(3Z) ten o= = (x)* : #- =F) Meten a (Be) # ote) rae heaa(a) = is 0 parabela ef revolution. 26Chapter 3 2. 4p, BD Sade, (Gate M 4% . 4 . M Density = (ka)(vEa/a)t aM T3 art B3y w= EU R, = EGpmy Ma Ry ERM tH = RT May MM Mit Ma, 3 BE] com Fellews the eriginel ” ene trapectory . CM and beth masses land simuftaneous/ oe because imitia/ velocities are herisento/. When m landg 27ot bo, emis at 2b. Thus 2b= 2c) + m(o) smtm Selviny , x= S/o From The launch stotion At height h speeds v= VWaagh Nv = (mMtm)v! ws viz MX isthe new initial Velecity after monkey is picked up. Pair rise an additional height at By 4 5g GA) (vragh) Bey Immediately after collision with sandbag , plares ity is reduced from v, tev,’ MVe /¢ Mtm) M= ymass of plane m= mass of sandbag Retarding free Fx (0,4)(.250) +900 = #00 Mes ve yla-ak where a= Fp /Cmem) Steps at t’= Ve /a, . a Distance of travel =S= yt’ kat” = Vv, /aa, sm(Be) ve (mim) a = the (BX) 28+ BSEYCEE)(00y* = 2560 feet &) While block #1 is in contack motion of bleck #2 is given by where w= TR/ing Mx, + Maxe mn. ( Zz ) = Tt Make ma ~ Ken ™tma Tema \t- “@ coswt xno t~ £ cosut Bleck #1 loses contact when xeL, This ocoure af wie Z After this time the cm moves at a constant velocity Vem- Vem enn be found fromm #, and x, of £, = RO em x2!) ma wl Yeon oe MA) nam, ) SS mre Initial velocity v,= Tags Impulse = mv, = 50 Vaxaexok = 199 kym/s Be) Let met) be the amount of sand in box car af time +. am is the amount veleaced in time 4+, 29Fea Cotemned +Ayn)(v av) 7 Cem tt) +4) ¥ PoP, = Cmte Av= Fat — te first order = (mem (2) dy= _Fdt Mamce) Let eo => mlt)= m- 24-6 ~o ene A=Be 4/a BAG} A= mass fant length = mp1 - wee where 2 sess denscty of water OP, 7 ARL, = Av, at AP transferred to byvramd is at 45° as theun and hes megndede Taviat. ft 33Hence the firce on hydrant is A 4B - av = = Pp oy AP transferred [EET] water speed at height h is v= W2-39h Asseme water bounces elasteally Seem can. Then F = 2av® | max whee ave Avy, = (sm/ut), Hence owe 2 (¢z)v and ro h= 22 -w 73 9432), nom OW Pex (m+an)(veav) *~S P.-P; = mav + (QM) = mq at | wo . Hence Mgt + UM veg Fem, “CO on | MEE + kM = My 34ve q-kv* As Vs increases | de decreases and eventually becomes sero. Wence at terminal velocity 4" kvye eR ov = Vip rm term Fore on 2 Square centimefer = AV~ =(OR)v = sxioty D> Total force = (Seo\ews*) = 25x52 N When bowl i mering epward, do owe‘ and total force =k 9x0 °N [e320 ™ & vu de =— mq -mbyv ™ a -v Ym = —mg- mb by = Very y -*h v= AA she Cheese the constant A soch that vod =o sb) v= Yes (-e 35on Chapter 4 *, = mgt &= mg (QR) re mv> weg oe rf N= ™q, mv 2 amgR. Hee Ge SmgR= mye #= 3R E,= a My" | zt B= EkL —+_ Lie 4 B;- 6p Me mf mgbxde @ my bct Bleck comes fe rect when zmvgs (bong h Lo My,2 > ie k+ Mg bh Loss of mechanical! energy = a Mybe> - far (4 my?) VE3] (a) mv= (Mem) V V- (im) v 36(6) B= E(Mem) V* E, = (Mem) £(I-cos ¢) 4. V2= aq (cos g) u _ nes Aimed} v= (M22) Tage (cosa) i] o> mah m E,= mg (4-2) t +E MVi +d my? Hence oz EMVR dmv? mh By conservation ef momentum mm = ey Ute my => ve (atm 2g Teel -F= m (¥- 76?) O= VS +2Te ZO = rO+arw Bo. _ 2e F a r Hence das - adr : a comt - 4% tn ws alee tne OR 6 = Ta awhere rlbJ=L, and Ot) =e, a we SFr =m Yee or 24 YY de = dmvict.)- kev te) ne 2 (328 -zz) Avec) + m&wr more -(amvica) + £m b4w?) z a mete ited Aes ate Ze 2 Hence W Ww rwvicey + drm bzeat)-Comyce,) «kmh uf) kKeCt,) — KECt) He) N N-mgcose = — xpy* Contact is lest when N=O ™] From energy considerations mg R= mg Reese + Amv & = 2g Ci-cose) Contact is lect when ~gcese = -agli-cose) SP Fes =2 Hence x= Rr cose) = £ 381c} Vertical force on Fing = T-ANcos@-Mg =O in equilibrium. N-mgcos@ = ~mv7/R T By conservation of energy mgR = Smyv2+ mg R cose BYE = 2 my (I-cose) Hence N= mq (Feese-a) Ring starts te rise when T=0. Amq (2-Bcos@) cos@ = My Ms The maximum value of 2ces@ -Sces*@ occurs af cos@ = Vz, Hence the ring wil net ruse wrless @m)% =m m2 om Angle is gwen by Bees" -acose+ Smo => cose= s+le-s Bk Ska? S agex, +x,) Ope jy) = AE Cay) Cc A amplitude = %-%—% ae — % 39() Bleck comes te vert when kept F or x= £/k Hence 4fn/k = %-f/k nee (bps 1) ee ra ; mv, + mV, 2 A2mV Total energy available = Q+ amvyitim = ‘ v via Elves) e & 5 orev gS ® A Gt V= acvien) m ve VV = Cua Y) Mence we rewire K(vtevi)+& = ECv3+¥2 +2y,-¥,) or Um = -E Lyi Y2 -24;-¥,,) This condition cannet be mtishes because Q > 0 and the right hand side is SO: let Vg=Vi-V. V2= vitV2 -2v,v, cose BO > ay yz ie Vevey 2 avey, 40IO m= M: @ (0) 2 av Ve = Tee OT fa) At veo, amplitude is A, . Hence new amplitde = A. (B) B= Xk Camphtde)” = & KAS Mence Finitas 7 “Fine! ) year ee = eT, (2) mv=CMem)v! mi , Ve (te)v Iw, flv KAS = & (Mem) v2 « (M,) § Mv? ~ (He) SRAR PR A (3) ae= KKAZ- SLAP = ERA? fie #57 = (sna) & kAZ ACT bm lids the pan with speed & Cam)v? = Cam) x x Max Am= 7 ve Vagx 41rt delivers momentum (Amv = Ye Vagx ax Average firce. dee te collicrens = F- 4B = Sia B- Bip = 24 x x Weight 2f chain en pan = Me x Reading ef seale = 3Ma y Mg = 248 (49%) for Oct < PE ig = M for b> V2ey 1 af Rey + Ea] Speed at mpect = Vv, = Fagh FE abe duration of impact , Fo at= mv-o Ee s= vyat- & SS Cas)® shy Se vee ~ te % s oak EE Hence An= 3% . Alternate Metheds == ime Dse Xmv,*= Fs sl FE mm a (iMWdCISe) P= = mah tet Ces) Ub /Eee on P= 15 4/52 => Safe te drop 42413] dp I2 < = ra “AY, Wy, os o= [ at + am | (b) ey cadasyn® _ Gadire 7 _ 7 ke ae] ¢ [Spee Se [ors wo 12 An eI ys -SMm - GMm = -26Mm (a) vr a Tatex™ 6) kmv2- 2GMrn = dmv? - 26uMm Ta-Fa® vas vie vie HOM (- pe) = vie SECM ©) w= M Se ee “Re b= Ramis bd 4 Mfre] B > A/x2 @v=-S2-% Seay = Bx+ A/x tconst UL) Let const =o @ of > 2-4 > x- Me UW) w= Thm whee ke 35 = 2 0 ERY Be] pe ab = amet = (“Sree )° ge = ayas ft-lb / P= AURE = 475 horsepower S5o° ee hp" f£+Wsind fa Ss = Wloogs+sine) 44Bot f-Wene 4 = w 0.06 —sine) oa Bs ‘Ww Pe 5 Yop =ny, V, = (S08 tsi Jy = ( 2esracas le ‘ 5.65 ~ see “P 0.05-6.0a5 = hs mph [3] He leaves the ground et tome T. Yo = [E-3]r, x= 4[f -q\r*= LyT Fs Pon =f) Mertop I: poate mye moh > = Yagh = J@OGN@) Yo “ = a sth s= Left Fe ee) = mp any = oq (Bi) = 480 |b PR = @80)(139) _ > “eso > 6! he METHOD 2. ce | fe wte mgs) oo (h4) Ps 7 emer met) a1 z 280 2 (200.5) = 0216s a Ve 139 F = Cj(a+hsS) _ gy he e (Fy0 (0-216) 45va (CB wswt-q)dt = te Ge sit -gt vie wR - 493) = sex (OE (4% B smust-gt) te (-E caut-ty8) ° v, = lagh = Vaan) = 13.96 44/— ord Vsing wo and Be S215 Ft, solve for w= 296 Ss” F,= 742 Ib Powere Po Fra (Reesut) (4 F smut -3*) = OF, ( oe Sin wt coswdt -yteerwt) ~ a (F sivohcaaed ~mgtersnt) = (19,92) (142 Sinust casust -/60 Wt cos wt) Power is a maximum at wt = 077 P= 7230 Hf = 13 barsepeuer max Consider macs \ { 7s of sand Am. 46The memrentom of the belt and te transported Sand dees net change m At. a Po = (amy = Hat e- oy Pe fy Sve GQ) 4 Ke = & CAn)v> J fea The remaining power is needed! te make op for Frittisna/ -locses 22 the sand mitral shine on the belt, FRI @) apy tamyy,= Fat J J d Fe oby, Ga tem oe dem ay, y, ey é Fe avy Fetet = Ave+ AgY WY Pauer delivered = iy Yer AV3HAgy ve BK Cayyre potential energy Potental enegy= (2 aydm= (1p aydye & aa? B- RAG ve Sp aye BE - 20D Ba gagh = Zavsergyy, 47There is no diicrepancy with he gravitational part of dE Ceconserveative Rrece, no Wise pation of mechanice/ energy.) Methantal energy i lost in the “collision” of one part of the vepe uth the nent ; think of the rope as « chain of links. a eaal ve vy -qt —* VeCi-e) A egele a Yo cs co T= 2vCime) 4 AVMs Gi-e)? g = at G- eS) [ r+ G)~a) » b= see 7 T= Ge) Dorms > Fe ( ge) a E23] v= Fagh —_ CMe vo= My, + mY, ad 3m 4 (Mem) v2 = RMytekmy> }” ot Solver 2(i-™ nm cn on By - Rn z R (Mom) v= M DOR) y- BY tm 2. 2 = MvS-amv,2 +e y4 +e Va = 2 Am Vy +ame Yeon, * ™M ye eR vit ~2AVoVm ~3Vz2 =O 483 8h)+ Thy aeiayt Von ‘o My +1. om ay, = alah Atence marble rises ta deighd gin dy a mel = 2 mv He ey = 7 f 4 fey] A-B callievons: =—y, AWB ciksien: CGR My, = 2Mv M M Weavy, Kn emt eo E’= £(am)y2= £ (MQ) ~ $e, am — Vv’ EZ the eriginal energy is dizerpated im AB colleecon. AB-C ceilision + Ses Sp 2M M CoeXo onde SM amv! = S3mMv" We yin ay, Bre k (sm) v"*=2(Lmys) "35 Hence BEF FH bs diseipeked tm the secenc! cetliscan | divides between C and the other cars, mM THE) ave mr me! moe O a : ; Komyte Smv ebm om OM 7 ” Kimyits $(kmva) ¥ —>Vv[F27| m O> O2m 1 Yo amy mV, = ” + cose ant + mv" co! av 1 3BY = mv" sine an Aessoming the collision 40 be elastic, O Hmvp = 5 Gm)? + Lv" had do Silving, Vor ¥" (sine +eose) v2 = ve* (sintoet) moO yw Hence sintetl= sSin*g +ces*6 + 2sinOcar® = /t2sin Bose oR Sin & = Reese tan @ =2 => © SH 63° 50ae| Yon Tm (2) Transfer te the O-v oO GufM system: Ye be Jon WUv-Ve Y= Ve “Oo Te) v-v Vee ey, eye ity Energy in the Co system is &,= &lam)¢-v.)"+ 5(7#) x can [EMO EP J mV" (2g ema g 3 All the energy in the © system can be vosed £r the reaction, AL threshold, 7 = =r Fy 2.2 MeV B= HH Me At threchhel/, nevtrons are produced at rest im the © system so thet they heve speed ve in the L sycdm, Their energy mL is B.2 Kms = GE) (Kv?) = (5) tam) v2 ~ ar Fey 4, O45 MeV(by uv =v -100v! Tm 4m Om-r O ™ v’g oO” o> v E(4m)v*= Emve + 4 llem) v'? + 2.8 (Mev) Solving» we find 56 (nev) . Nv -~8 VV ~24V3+ GH — oR vs OVE Vuroy?- 24E# (mev) aa There are ne real reets wnti/ HNR0y? > A464 (yey) oR (S60) E(4m) v= 246 4Mey Fem) V* 2 he Mey (threshold) There are to forward velocities if @v)* = n20y2- EEE (Mev) on (528) £(4m) VS -P464KMeV Ctm)v* = 467Mev= E& + 0.27MeV 2 The tee groups of Grward projected neutrons Yepresent neetrens projecte/ at O° and /FO° in the © Syskm. 52= oP i mV. my;~ ¢ f= - ve * + Hy 7 () ‘Yo ont sy ao Zn Frame in which wall is Stetierary, we have -o0 feu ; Fev) Hence in L frome V'= (VtV)eV= Veav dviay sve 2Y 2 vv a dt a By = dee dv dt eit dve - dx dt ‘dx Vat ea Sr Hence dv _ oy x An v= -tax + tac ® ve ¥,4 as 2 a 72 z a2. mv = myn MUL ro at By * > x (cy d: We = Rene mre [Ss = mvterlts)| 4mye = * ° AKE = EE = Xvi Fm” a ARE = & VEL bye me — x ™ =, @ ee Lab F OMe ned CM Frame @) mov-Vv)y= MMe V.= Ve i V,7 Ve mem Ss viv. = M¥e oe eM wo VE = V4 Cy) =A VCVV,) cosltr~ 2) %-7 2 vv, Y= (Se. )(mirmtramm cos ©) 7 Y = Vo @ \e (=) Crt M742 M cos e)* ib) KS Ey,” a K.= Hmvi = 2M enxit ‘+ eye (mi4 m+ amm cos ©) Fo ge Witmt+amMes@ 2 2mm (incor @) ° CMtrnjJ® Gnem)* 54Chapter 5 Pe-ay- -Bl*_ ou A a (a) Fe-sy axi -sy j -gtk 3 = ra Ax? 28g} -acak GG) Fs -Si = 12Ax_ f 2Ay 4S zaz 6 wagtege |” Tene) ~ Gevtepak 4 xAey ee xe ee ee — = Ly au (Yo Fe -au “Ber tHe F 2 z = 2hcse Ay Asino A r? v3 mo , ; A 4A & @ Es-abp = ae (els tye Fk) = Art (xhe gp wal) Cort E = 0 by deck calevlatien or using the result that all centre! Aerces are conservative, => A oli = = (-28x-28y) k xo k * xo power Ss . Hence A is met conservative, 2,0 oo Rmvyt + uleo)- Ems - Ue) = f Fede20 = sf Cytdx-x*dq) r ut A 4. Bet Ute ed= 0 bec © ORY =A =e yn se that re a amy = amy2 +A + 2S x "dx - 8 yy , we kmyt +A - S/s + Bf | H: 7 (Ree + BBY Hence 3) = (a) Cowl FO Ginat) cot wo becavce the evel eperater acts enly on Spatial coordinates, Gy ‘\ The werk areund the indicated closed path is => ime ene thw carved , part bot net aere over the straight part, becaure Phas a different magietude at 70° and 180" ey = F —_ —_ Me FP dees ne ark because a =n Fedé =0. Hence (Fide around a closed path vanishes and the fecce F is conservative. 56(a) ) te) u= Axe ap 2 5% phe - 3Anty%e k te 4 = A Ta-r) i]-o nao 9 ¢ & 1 u > m Qe one p= -A C3x+ £74, 2)) he -aAB Az f= aq + gece) BE = -Ay- AGE = -Ag Hence 9 =O and U= -Alsxe yz) = fj oy col FA | 2 &2/- A [Cxe-nyie-J Yt aye xyz * © Zz exe, A curt B= (Se Antyte -SeAxy edi <2 + (aaa atyre® ~a~Axtgie”") f z\a + CisAxty* eX* -15ax7yt ev dj <0 z ws Ax gra” + fey) se 37(1) curl = (Ax cos (xy) sin (G2) —pAx~ cos Cy) sin (Bs) ) f ten # oo -4 fa) U= Cxe = const, The lines of constant potential are quien by x= Ket here K= const, te) dP = del + dy f Along a line U= const. , db=o=Ce “da- Cunt Hence dy= 2 and d@= dx (itil) aleng « hne U=consd 58= Pal Pax ft] ce) WD Tuedr = cox ret-c!y eo By Stokes theerem, § Aedi = [CRA)-ds" | here d® is an element of the surface bounded by the closed contour, If TRA =o § Rede =o Hence A ‘is mathematically analogous to a conservative force. Since any conservatve force can be written as the qravient of seme potential, A= ¥% {a R= +2. Mert [swe*( 2)” (6 cose sine) ] FE The Feree disappears = at ©=0° and O= 70° 6S & / Siem Sem = (5.00) C6) Te FE = Leaxco™® 59A (ad?) Shay = 2Ad? War = [Pde = Ad? ae: and o wa x = Fydy = 0 Vg = t aly . xe 5 = a Hence Weog 7 Ad’ e464 w- gga CeAx-zay) & RRS = ChAx-zAy) k Ay 2avo = $F. vs = 0 mF. a =A S(exaydydn = Ad s wads - ahd (7 4gdy = 2Ad7= Ad? = Ad? 60Chapter 6 B= = Hx; . a a ms T+ "5 = =! Lae’ = amr = fj 7 me Pi Lie Sip! = ETRE bis Sexe EZ CR-RIK RP = SEXP ~ Re zp; = Since = Fj =o (b> t= SUKe =F’ = ws = ~ = => Tim £0 xR’ = FCF-RIKE dod - %. vo . Tl Sxe - Ree ke =F since ZE =o i The fetal angular momentum remams constant, Tavheal angele momentum = (Myst Ng) a3 ww, co) Angular momentum at time 2 is given by (My+M,~ a8) atu, + (Mgtr#) bru, Note thet un= Wted becaure the cand exerts no berqve om drum A as if eaves. 61Hence Cmgtitg) aFu toy = Cyt Mnat)amentos +(Mar rt) bo, Se ay Atal waco . (agent) b* ee) The verticle companent ef angular momentum Ls constant and equal te ite initfe/ velve 0. GY Angelar mementum of bey abet pivet = mlv-2RwW)2R Angular mementm of eng piv # aoe * CE eMR2)w = -2MR wv Hence ™ mCv-2Rw) aR = 2mRiw ro = ashy. oO Cram R pivet «by +. ° Hence. bang L- “pep ° and wo, 62jeu The central qrevitational force exerts 5 aR M ne feryes hence L¥ const, % st L= (mv, sin@)5R =mvR M By concervatien of enegy Fe dmv - ¢4m = gmy? ~ GMm Nence vr Sv sine z. ve oR sine = N, +N, = Mq cos & F,+£, = Mg sin® Terque abet CM: om NiLa-M, £4 + FL +44, = (N-Na) 4, + (Mgsin) 2, Retving , NZ EMG (cose - 4 sin &) Na 4Mg(cs6 + & sing) For the given nemerical valves , N,= 724% jks Ni= /67# ths 63Ni t+No= Mg f:rf= MVR Take torques abot CM: om Nokon, £-CRE)L TR = (Noni) & ~ “et atv = 2 Tmo Myth Beleing, — Ninside ~ * LMa~ aevay J = 2 My2h Nyoteide aiMe+ Beg Zz) J 67] d M\ an Sr linea) yp oe (BE) xd 4 By te parallel axis Theorem, x4 dm 8t> CA) any adm =(¢)* dra b t 12 poe x Uptee | [ee a aE = SNe <— \ee Consider the sphere. ———— te bea stack +f disks. dre dm (R* 22) = 2.22 = dM T (CR z2)dz ($3) (eM e)ae 64te) N, By Ne N,+W2 = Mg MN, (4+x) = Ny (-4-x) | ag We no AE Ud) fab sd n= Ma ( =) = sa M Horreental Force *&~f, = (N,-My) = “AZ x Mea - “MS, ae SUM xm X, coswt where we 14E 6} =T=(F+£)R = AUN tN) R (nem FE = ATE EE = Mg Ne Cigad+ Nz (isa) =z Mq Mee Natt+fy ee Mg N, (ines Ny Cite) € ( for horizontal equil) . M. i+ Solving, Mi VR is (7) nr (34)dt = %, w= (B)t os fudt= = (SE) * me F Ak t=4, , = “length L hee heen #recuned, inne = £058) at BE [2eze a FR* wee, af bee e w+ SEA e 2LE KE XO og Hence I, = ae = (e.5y* 400 ky ™ éia| re ZT 72 , beam wi// not rotate: ae . art 2 dy. Reine Mig 4 = Tee orl ig Magq-T'= Mae nos ofa hes 4 g MaMa Maq sar = =o TS 2r Mat Me 66VMence, the condition becomes 4+ Ma Ms La ML = 2 me oe MatMg a. es] Force ic central, hence angular mementom iz (a) conserved. Momentum and cnerpy ef mm change becavse of applied force = 6 Tu wo (Tat eo L=myr = my R v, ee v= 'e al (b) Angular mementem is not conserved because Kree ip alee changes since met central, Momentum ST ap mo het energy it conserved decaure os = v Tide = (TPH =e 7 Nence Emus & my? v= y, 1 2 Fei 8 Mg wis Se as € = Za a Sule = 7 67+|w bo «€) a= xx = @ Mas Mg-F Mm Ra Mima Se i de ° BS] gaz & °\z2 Take torques aboob pived | -Mgtsine = LS &+ (Mat\o Zo mal = w= yee pc=emrs (Lme% me2) = = M(R%*L4) Faq ue jaz C See preblem G15) Using the parallel anis theorem, I= &MR*+ ue? T= 40 = [RA+* res - 4 eo +t at _ ( Bie os at z male = SS IA Hence 267s B+ £7 Le the pied point tm the hid, Ldgh 68Take torques about pot. T=3rs6 T= - 5h r+ mg sine Te ~K( Eye ~ klt9 omy to Ba (kB + kL?-my£)& #0 os KL kL mg E = me = w= \ek-ag x EA if springs are strong (we . ° > T=xrs -mq $e -mglow rs ia M, mets mgt 3 60 — ee Mem) £74 Be re gme + SMR ems? rm ae (eo Capem) of If disk is ena Free bearing it dees net contribute te the retatienal metion, Nence x= bmeime* Ts ov [Gow e (Qim)st 69Energy Method: = (mg +mMegl)(1-coe o) +e Lome (amex uly] e SF ar e See Fe const. 3 > o- (mE emge)sing + (5 mle ueieme’) as above, xf Sth ic free, the term HZ (EMR S27 chetd mot be ineladed tm F, ara] @ TATE -co = (CEmMRNS +s aMR* o- Ze UW) New mement of mended oo EMR™*MR?S EMR =o 1 we &? At 47> %w Oro, & =H . . 2 Zim me diately before cothsion L= Té-sMRoe Mierward L= I'6's 2 mptw/@ where 6’ is the mew amplitede, Because L ie conserved, + met Rmetwe,= Sua pp us,’ ob 6/2 a 5 A 70FE h v= $6 and @ atO=70° e M3 F C60") = Mg £ cos (s0°)= Mgt F(R) = kr (6)*= ML? Hene 2ML*G* = Mgt «4,5 ER > EBM, Go tus N ez FR= (2 mMR~< fs RMRX = EMa £ ¢/) Fer relting wrtheot slipping. Me N= Mqcor® 4 _@ Mg sing -f = Ma | Mgsine = ZMa But FS Aw = My coro Mas “gM cos “aug sing = Amygoor@ =b fares gu 7fa) o= mF = rw) T-rwr=0 we r=Ae wt Mene xf G=O, rare where "o=rte) wt +GBe () Nema, = (aw) N & = amw (nue) wt = am wire ©) P= Fy= Tw= (Wr)w awit = amu? re KE = kmv™= bm (F* Crwy) = Em(rdak e7PE, ptute*) aut a mrzwe KE i amr a7? 2 p jeez @) xy s M+ Re Reps RS r T on ath = RX ’ fa Bw > + (bk) ™g-7 = me mg Ma Mqg-T =MA TR= EMRE Sb ae(Pet)e A-(BM)2 <> (PH)F 72Beth drums born through the same angle and therefre have the same angular acelera tion, (The torques about the centers are identical ) XL, + ARO ¥ =A = 2R< Drom A? Mq-T = MA TR = RMR Dem Bi TRa EMR Mg = %m MA A= #9 a. Wwing = 2 yer To MY E> mgh = Mgleng- A= tome 1 bY, Mg sin q sine , h 2] Fz = Mgh 4 a After Falling « height h, speed is v es £mv7+ £56* Hence Bz tuve ts Rav = = (m+n )veWenee va [ Mah 7% me = ae Foe a cnifeem sphere, fas M Fer a uniform cylinder 2p= M>? EM Mence the speed of the sphere is always greater than the speed of the cylinder a# « piven lecatin and the sphere reaches the betm fired: e27] F-F = MA FR-FL = (% MR = &MRA Cbermuse AZ Re for vellong without slipping -) Hence f* EF (i+ 2b) Bot FEN meg Thee (i+ 3) = uMy Sumy max (4 CF is considered be be gwen) Fcor@-f= MA (net needed) F sin O@tN = Mg There te he tendency te rotate when torque = O Hence FL= FR 74Alse , fopu = (Mg Fsin@) becavse YoYo is not retating. Hence Fb = 4 (Mg-Fsino) R “ MR FL APR 629] page ma (@) The (EMR*)<= sme A + oR sine = Ms > T- i aE G) f= Ar 2My% at re % - = AMVs ah % By conservation of energy, f+ ve . ta fim, ) ft eimy+ zGnet 75—++ fa-MA FR = I~ Sall rolls without slipping uhen ve Re + + Vee) =v, SH vt é= S Bu 4 V decreases and 6 increases und; / veRe + R2 t & Re< Fue Bar § fet =vevi-t [me Hence ball rolls without clipping when + | am Usde= vm U Sue oo mS fate = Xv, When rolling begins vav- $y = £¥, . After His ime, Feo and telling without slipping comtinves, Simpler Selubion; use conservation of angular Mementum abevt contact point, Le MR , Let MVR * Tew om & z,> mrLith, @ MVR= MVR + # MR ve £y, ey Angular mementurn is conserved abevt point of impact. Tiw, = Ijuy + MVR For pure relling, wee © omy ~ , Ne Tews = Iuwe +MR we —7 ote, T.- EMR* ( ) SE MRIw, = SMR we + MRM toe ¥ = We — > fra -Ty%y fr= gx, “ \ i CD. l= w,- xy S Fide h B t wer F Shut € Nene w= w,- (2 EC F2) F continues to act until the surfaces of contact attain the same linear velocity: Rey ge re Wp syn Mo ~ (BE)(FE) x 5,, ye oe/ + 2) = Tee = a BF in” 7(a) Angular mementom along the vertical direction is conserved. = TO fhe tm Rw Zp “¢ (atm) “ (bk) £, = BT w3+ mgh =~ rw? + tm? Egu Re t Wence ‘™ = (w3-w?) +agh Ye % = la [- (she) ]+eqh 6.34 E™ mg Ci-cose) + £m viat Bt ve RS bp=RS x gmk! Hene F= mg R (i-cose) + & Mm R7G* + om = mgR(i-coso) + jemR6* on TE = (mg Rsino) d+ FmRSS i mgR Hence S + Emre @=0 78bee Lone ence wa TFS (638) As bleck recks Wwitheod Slipping, it meareres off adistance Re. Bleck is stable if line of Mg fall within RO f center, so ac te produce a restoring borque. Unstable if + tang >Re Fer small ©, tan® So Wence bleck is onstable if L>ar v, \e3e) b After veleace, the CM moves ata steady velocity a b ee ge. ™atm, matey, Ra Maalod+ mvc) 7 my ) V ‘e The system retetes and translates. Because Yte)=o angular velocity is corvectly given by w= Ye. Ry Altermate methed: transfer te frame in whith CM is at rest. System retates about cM, Immediately 79after release, vst : 4a t=(Gtn, )% 7 6 my v-R = GET) % @ 4.7 (wim) L An (a \L mer, wo (Se) [4° + Te Find T, do not vee my as an origin, because it iz accelerating. Go te CM frame. _ maVa~ me LZ 4a + T M % mb ve GEE) = 2. - Mam, T= me (Sha) / (a) (=e a mete, 6-37[ (a) mv,=Mv-V_ Amven amifek Mv? 9ST, o* Mat cum ov, tammy £4 Tew to ve ie (very) w= ml vgrv,) £ /Z, | 802 whee I,= Ta mM (at)? = Sue Wwe find Cie Sma) ys + (@ ee? =o which elds \% = 4 (—= t= a (b) Momentum need net be conserved because forces act at the pived, Romy eo em sez at y° Take angular momentum abevt the pivets i my (af) = —™hy Gt\+rw & 22)" Hence wom Amd (vu) veut ee i and (14 2 22) 3 (eey -(1- BP)y2 =o - 3Bm/, > Ve ( na ¥ + 8mm _) Yo ae w “Key ™ ¥, H5o %m Ss ™MVg = AMV =m Ve Amvi= dmv + d(am)v24 £T,w2 Dos am(k> ‘° £ = mL a Take angular mementom about Gm 81mv, (BY sintse = -my(E) sin 450% Zeus Hence. Vor avnVp Vie Ve 2, a2 da VA savte Ew Von 7M TF bw we ve > (a) The bey plank system translates and rotates abevt M { its new CM. 4 w my= (Mtn) V Moe | x v veo mY Vo nem Perition of new CM is at m(£ +x) amx ML/a, Mtm x= Take angular mementem about new CM myx Emxtez+ MOE -x)27 © es by parallel! avis theerem Lmxter, +m ($x)? ] = Pe Mls) mMl® Me M+4m_ 4 Cmem) hem = Mette7 vex mu dv, lence = lo = ML* (Mt) = pa NE (nisin) ML* (rem) Cammy a 6p wo M+ J U7 () the pent at rest has speed -V due te vetation. v V=Yw y vo a a (ir) £ (Mite Mem us v (Bam) © Yex= (Brome 8) eo L a ae Mtm fay x= +b cospt X= ~pbsin( pt) Speed of cm ot x= 45 —Bb Momentum and energy of whee! are net conserved in collision with the track, Take angular mementum abevt peint on track, Torque of spring is sero at xl, torque dee te collision force ooesht onten The metion for x>4 is quien by where B= VEG. 83= MRv = mR pb Les MRR + MVR = amMRiw Hance to = SE tmmediately after callisrer, v= Rw = Bb becaure V= Rw on gear tracks, Fs EMV + EMR? = MR = MBE kb Spring ‘is compressed to a length L ek (4-L)* = ERB t. tobe Be, LH LE Seem ull, bec) —— 4 (b) There is ne collision in the ovtward rip and energy is conserved . Speed at x= i given by wk (4-1)3= Fkbe AMV? + BCMA) Rr = mv> v= xbT¥m = seb & we Ha zgb For x7, w remains constant. Metion of whee/ is given by x= Asin Rte Geos Bt = BA cosBt -BB sin Bt xe eyma kiss Eph => gro, AWE 84x= & sinpt x= Bb cope Wheel ctops af per = x¢pee Ele £ Uence wheel goer oud fo xe h (ey x Wheel it spinning with om SEE as it hidy track, and it has peed - 4h. L; = MRv- MRP = Reb. MRAL LS 2 ° ak Nenee Lp ame\iw’so , wm, v= Rw and wheel comes to rect, 7 Only nevmal forces act at the Ny surfaces. (Me Friction) The position ef dhe Cm and the Ne angular petition are quien by a Single coordinate, & \ Location of CM is given by aL xa hese SS qzh sine CoThe herisenta/ fierce is given by N= Me = ML C- cose @* -sine s) Contact ic fect when My=e or 6% = -denoe & cy Bneegy it conserved, so we can find &*~ ftom the energy equation . A simple way te get & 1s te differentiate the energy epvetion, B= Myyt EM CG) + aT, So emg y = kM oe + be) MUS tml sine = Fumes s Mghsine (>) 32 DO Fferentiating, O= FmMASSemglese & 62 -Etcwso () Sebetituting 689 inte C1) gields e*= £isine Substituting thie inte (a) we Find 7 May,> SMgh sin@ +Meb cine = Eyl sine Nence Y= Lsin® = By. The beard leaves the wall when the top hes slipped Ya of the way down. 86Chapter 7 z R a Ws a Ld = q L (2) 2 enarctan w= eo st =X o - B= BR nfo ky G7 wy Te Tel, = 25, +2,2 x,= MR By parallel oxis theorem, IgeI,+mr™= Eme*™ T= me (+e) = mean ti+2h) gene The spin angular momentum is 5 Ls=Z,W,. Assuming that the Ey 2le\ >= 7 ale is close te herizental, IE] = ALg along the f axis, 7 8The tergue dve fo each spring is 2fler, The tetal torque is 4#£OT hence uLOT = DLLs e=- Dts HLT The linear equations of motion ave Tcosp = My = Trinp = MYL Mx we az, Torque = Toop = dm = = OF = nto with cosa ond Sing ~p we have 2 2 i (Eye q But xe Stlanp ~ filp Let pox (Saye Fes : L Then p= Bot yPeP n or 2 88The axle everts a terqve T. 2m the milletone and a vertical ahunward foree F, The milletene exerts oppesite Force and torque om the axle, The coupling at the vertveal column must alco exert a downward force F en the axle, The axle is in vertical eguilibrivm | and for vebational eguilibriem RE =T=PO The epvatians of meron for the milletene are N= F+W T =f, 22 kMb rw 2 2 Sulving, F2 W/R= Embwsn 7 &R For cortact at Th vim, abs OR 2 Then Fe 2Mb os 2 R 7 (a) t Tr FON, N, a9 = gamba —» we hytF =m (9+ Lb or)In the absence f the flywheel, the counterclockwise forque dee t the normal forces at the wheels must oppese the cleakwice torque dee te the redial (transverse) fretion free, Fo mv7r - wed the Flywheel, the nermal ferces exert ne torque; se the Flgwheel must exert a clockwise torque = LF, where + is the sistance From the read te the canter -f mace. The countercleekwise torque LE muet be jvet eefficient to make the Flywheel precess st the rate the car is turning. xf the Flywheel is mounted with bs angular memento sileways, as shown the terque it exerts on the cor ak will tend bo balance the torque => due be the read . ZF thecar Tread turne te the right instead of the left, a Westrated, the torques dee te the rend and doe te the Flywhee! wi direction. beth che ye (a9) v The torque due to the road ne is TULF = mv*RE r Ls “Wa vequive TLR Using R= Y/R, Mv?rL = bs = Em HE oR we 2vML /mR® 90Coin ‘is accelerating, so we must use CM as eryin for berque eguation. N= nermal force = Mg F= Friction Rree = mv7/R bys spin angular momentum =I 2M = LMby R= angular speed with which coin rotates about the vertical axis = W/R Ri,coeG = rate of change of angular mementoem Cin herigental plane) Torque epvetion Nhsing -fheoe $ = QL, cos B Mgbsin gg - MY bosom Ei mbvcarg Hence tang = 2e AV= wat AL, (Lu ain ps)or =(Lw nt p)w atT] = Teosh Reosp = MaRcosp THe BE 5 MqResp = Tw? sings tmprps MP, 3 Ta?* Rw The 5y Nes yee aperanrm Ten, althowyh hot gustified here, (b> the radial free is T sinve | so 2 ? where or it the radius of the path of the cM Deing Tees = Mg, we find ym ge tans - Tsine = Mrw [72] P doving the Mew, the frees TVs potting ore the impeleive force ia > Fo and the frictional free "| £. We atsume F>>F and f bs negleet F The ferque aboot cm iy T= Fb. v v (a) The spm angelar mementem if be Te +t e where ZF, is the mement of inertia abovt the hevisontal axis = Mb” FL=1l, = mere = tom Fly > Pm ny QFE Ta 92(L) The gyroscope spprenimotion asrerts tet Hla spin angular momentum i large compared to any ether components of ange lar mementem . The menvent of werbes aboot He vertic axis ix i> MB/a and the vertée af component > t a . E ome ee ame gu > F << 2v¥/5, R=EWR lez om M } “ ? * vez Ls ° R The torque abst cm is T= RANSHP -atfFoos For vertical eyvilibriom, W@W and the herisonte/ acceleration ts gwen by f= Mv7R T= 24m (qsin?- VYR Csr) 93The angelar mementem of the tee wheels is Le= 2lw =2m£*v/£ = amey The rate f change of herisente! angular momentum as the beke turn is dis Qc Fr = *% (amy) cos P 2 te LE 2M (quan Pe YF cos) = aml cosh 2 qn - “Ee cos Pa Et oP ten P= ee (it BB) Fe) Bhs ca) 28 the spin anguhr mementom, A Tyas parallel te the earthis angelr wy velocity, De, then Le does net s change direction as the earth retabes, and the gyre will remain statienary. The spin axis is then ot the hatitude angle A with respect te the local herizental in the N-S direedisn Chine Nes) 94Let the gyre spin axis be ot angle % with respeet. te Ze. The tate ef change of epin anguler momentum in the direction A © henP 2LE1L, PQ, Zn addition, iF Ty is the mement of mertie along the ants a-b, the angelar mementem in divectien A due to a change in F is Zp, There is HEY) + La P= 0 ne torgve along the a-b axis, so TPL QWP-0 This ia the eguation Lor simple harmenic motion. The ecreilation Frequency is Fer Lg Tote, 9 woe For a thin disk, Z, = 2, amred/dey = 5 rad Qe* Feuxiots/oay 1.29 110" rad/s 3 Wo, = Kyo” rotations /min X Se = KIPxro rad/s 95Hence ww = \2Kwmiexso% 728X102 = 2.77 rad/s se. The peried of oscillahcn is To B= 22s a) Tr mlytes?) = Im ye 2 Zyy = 7 my Te 4me =e = 7& - Lye mee ™m tes eta, Go -é ™ t= (: 3 :) Y ~ 0 x a ~ x= 2Ci-cos <) 4 <2 snx Z2-=8s To First order in ~< xeR 4 = ax 2-7 Tete -4e — 6 zr’ =m -4¥~ 13-6 -6 be A tlnt Comparing with part (a) we see that the mementech thertia vary only by terms of x * . The predvets vary linearly. 96t Ya w A Ny aN Ww The ferce clagram ic in the accelerating System . W' is the fictitices eee: W'= -MA. The torque aboot the pivet peint is Tas - sine wis HE cosew @) Fer equlibriom, To, cos & Mg = Sin@ MA 2 tan@ = I/A (L) Te analyze motion about eguilibrium, intredece a coordinate system with the 2’ .axis alen the board in equilibrium. The effective gravitational field a ye. For smell displacement, terqve is Te emg? Hence Ty P= tuy? 7Ly2 Veing Ee emits mG) = SmL™ auMeg- + mq’ P =0 @-2¢?%/L =0 tYe The motion is hyperbelic: F™% © where Y= [3755" L (22) [ A wu z SS Comtder the motion of the trock deer im a system Sued te the treck. The door appears be Fall” from rect ha gravitational field =A. G) By conservation of energy, the kinetie energy of the deor after rofation through ange P= 7/2 is ; we RRP aw Using Ins FM w* we hve () F=mre* Smut g* = MAW/a =m ( ZA) P= T3Afe Feima 98For the pendulum te peink centinvally teward the earth , its angular acceleration ~’ must be epval and eppesite te the angular acceleration of its point of suppert with respect te the center of the earth, ~= “R, In the accelerating system, the pendulum starts te swing tn an effectwe Field g's Vgtta® from an inital angular diuplacement % Farctan #. tf the effective length of the epivasent simple penivlum is and its mass m, then the torque is mgt sin %e and Tr, = mgtsin® /me* a L = q/sink/e “ “ Bt g'sinBoa, so hae x's a/v Zn order for the pendulum to point to the centr of dhe earth we veqvire 4g Steet m/s? or 42 = g6axe? 7 eit . Visersial = Yoagt %F t a> = Fr tobabing system, velocity instantaneously lies along ¥. Hence V ed re pore a 2 A Ase, Ux¥ = 2rs = ors Therefore Vo = tee red FF] The Cortolis farce is Foor™ -am xv (a) B= 2MRvsn ar a= && ved/day _ Ss 7.26K10 rad/s P.6E X10" S/day 102v= 60mi/h = 88 ft/sec sikA= sin 60° = O.9c¢ Foor, = 2M RV SiH w ——— BRvsnDA ms z Fy, = Axtacns” rls x8tltls xoee6 x (Hoo x2000)lbs 32 Fl/5% = 276 Ibs, () RxV is directed along He nit vector ofr east, The coriolis force an the trai is vitected along —-€, ie toward the werd The reaction force om the tracks is directed oppeertely — the tracks are pushed east ac the train ic pushed weet: a ae v qe The apparent acceleration of gravity is q-9.-8 a where & is the acceleration of the local reference frame. 103Using the law of cosines, GE 9i+ ai- RagucosA = 2*Recosr 47% 92 + Re) cata - 207R, Jo cos? > let x= Q* Re/g, £ eo (1=(ax-x?) costa)® 4: eg, (ie xteos2a -2xcos?a) > = 2 The velecdy dependent fictitious force is F= -amiixv The apparent change in gravity is the normal component of E, /m @ Fart: RXV points radially ovt &: Pht cay pemts radially in Therefore apparent © decreased, Sa= - Feet | ~ anv q ™@ s am rad -s aN = 726x/0” rad/s 24 brs /: 2= 104V= R00 miles/hr = 294 ft/s 485 -Ax7.a6 x10F rad/s x 294 FE/ 5 4 ——— eee Batt /st = -4aax0F (b) West: sign is reversed, 48 = +138 x70" G Seeth: Rand 7 are parallel. Ne change ing (d) North: Again , 49 =o 2 BE) rn the rebating system Se there is a radial Rree ovtuard. AL 2 t Feng = Mr hy. w > Rent The torque equation about the pived y= Lsine pent @& is Whsine- Fy lee ® = Mere MLE + Mg Lemé -M¢2sin& DO =O where we have used r= Cine For emall angles sin-6- 86, and ay -H)E=0 whieh is the epvation for SHM 105The solution is O= 8 cos lwtr%) whee w= V5-3* SB! Note thet if Q2> ZF the motion is no longer harmonic, The pandlum flies cut and escillates abevt some equilibrium angle. ( The situation is reminiscent of the conical pendulum, ewample 2.2.) 106Chapter 9 Bae Leas") + Uer) gE a ta(ati + artée?)+ BF =o AGE a rtet) oe FE du = -ferd Be te Be) = Fen (an. 27a) Ae Ae Ba brte +PS6) =o (Orb tate) me ( en 7.76) El = a Fey = ~ Ar wer) EArt a Yegp OUT oo AnHdgnes, C= /07 gems , m= 50g « t fe ws phy He @ Upewin’ + Seopa Te 3. au (b) Leg Minimum at HOS Pe 4] Sw kxpot © 5x03 aN 7 r* min 7 Vein BI em 107(ec) uer,)= Ucar) 4 Joe bet xref vir Ba aes TE xl ae A : . ES) Sexe - 4 # Cattractve inverse cube force) w+” ue =e, Wage woe Sart EF £7= aA, Upp =O and radial motion is Ike thet of a free particle , rarirvt Late 62 apegt eae on (ab)E dee (2A)* = of dt) dr (ve = (HF (48 = (2% Ra) + = Fer Gree mdial motion tab = cont. Y o-e,> (38)* $(+-4) 1087 ot Le Yee tur are --AsB get ie] uu“ rao For a stable civeular orbit, pesential must have a Minimum ef 1. Hence utr) >0 28 weny zo => BA = SE . 5 won) = 7m iOA Les = - eH (28). 6B yo ry nt* re T og a =Poner € 3B whieh requires nea, I (a) Fee metion in a cireclar orkid the energy is €= Ekr*+ & mvt ‘ Fer equilibrium, ME = ke D Gm kk ethrake For Faizgrand k= #N/m Then re 7 a kr? _ {Ee = VE 109 and vUb) The blow changes the total energy but not the angular mementem er the effective potential. The imitial energy ie B~ Rkr?+tmvi = ke? ar ° The Fm! energy is Eo e+ amit = Jats Heaxe? 137 «> at ue Rhyt+ ee, Cem Cinta!) t= mv,r, - vag Skrtee mye Ak Burning pets hep ™ Hi 2. Rket+amvyt Te = a kxaye kxaxex =13 Brte ahr3 rhe BE ritleno rte 2 Le t Wateee = SL ecse Td N= 162m and = 245m 110F= -Kré? in Wee BK Gare For eitevlar mobion Fe Uy C6,) ul os pt 2 eff are Upp (=O , 2% ke £3 > ne (E)” SAS oN s fra eK * aid Be dee tu= FKr,* ‘hE 7 we (8 ) Freyvency of eseillaticn is w= — et Ute eK t 25; + 3 "222 But Kr t= “e Uys AKG? + Bee rer 4 utr) = 7s. 7 £2 An) . he a ‘o AS “7 4* ear we (2 ue ) = The ‘increase in total energy is AERC Kou), ~ tke) yy The potential energy is constant during the firing , unassuming that the Firing occurs quickly . (Thie ie tye for the actual, but ned the ive, pebentia/. ) Using Wer V,rav Ags kK, ~Kj = mC; rav)*> my? = mip av +k mavy AE is ameximum when AV is parallel te v, and tohen V; 15 a maximern. The speed is qrestest at perigee. Fiving point 8 ! [EE] The inetie! sneray is Bute) + Emit+ oe Fm R= 'e = ~ Ste «= my,* At the top of the trajectory, r=0 and — n+ B=-GmMm — + SS E=-Gim * + Emve sit (fe)* Fyuating the initial and fina/ energies, we have 2 ~GMIO + my = - GM tems si (fz) fe v2Re ~ . Ke Rev _- a [Re \> vie & She ~ AR + do Bee sin CE) uzv2 R, we have one se am =! 0 thet ~4 =- fe sm. Re )* h=- few gem (Re) let x= Re wAyt = xe & sind x2-axt sintaceo xe & Lar VecusiFe*] Cure = peste root) ke p+ CERFS = [tcosm Menee ore Re Citecos) [EZ] The peried of a satelite depends only on 4s major aris A. Frem €9n. 280, 2, 4 AS {2c4) ‘Cm+m)@ 14 TH T6qenrs TEX BICKO” = 2.4/0 Mem = Ma. = and” Ay A= Lax (2x0? 2 a ~7 7s = fe Bemel Yl x and” x &£7Kx00 J S40 m Frem Fyn. 725 Y= KA CI-E*) we RGAxe% ) x FCt-00.967)2 J Dain -e*= O-e)lisve) Face ce) Ler OF) = £G* 54x20 y. 083) = 18x70%™m G) perihelion = We 2 le = 04400"m 1133 Ye — te th aphelion= Te = Nea = SSx10 Mm (bY From By. DIP AGM where po is the ele mass = "Lemed At perihelion | -£= myn wy? he = tm" 6m v= (“258 “eSt) " mien Simee 4, 7 EM ~! F0\ % = (4GM\ "a _ ( #xee7x16" x2 x10 = € y (#4) TTB yze” J SF X10 m/s JRO t. - ~ Fra civeslay orbit order an attractive force Yee, we have Fe my" L " a eR Amv = £5 =-tucry G) The betel energy Es Ktu = -kU+ey eye -k = -k K=-E Le beantion of cirschr orbit, dean ” 14GY Work dene by Friehen is awe -arrf- af wee (Ear ete ~a2rr rr ar = ab / 4 = ka € oe ©) In citevlar orbit | Fe -K 4ak= -4e= + awrf Friction results im the satellite speeding up / a re 2 7 Kepler's third law states T= Semam) c 2 AP ue SA e . te = € A major axis = Tt Us, = [PeIHeae = 3.6977 x/0'm T= U9 min = 714x710" seconds Q = 667xKI0" > m= 73 x10" by 71% Tn general, F= Emv* - Sm : , mv? GM Fic a cirevlar orbit , “PH = SME Summ GM 2 g -+ ies m = -t = and FSe-Q~ 3 RE = aRr,w = 1swhere We mga weight at earths surface, @) a= -sR.w ($e )\e-e RW e,7 -e Rw ‘ 2 Aes (Pte) RW FRW HS KEHOE SII xP e = 2.865x/0° Tevles (bY The transfer orbit is an ellipse with perigee at A and apogee ct 8. The Semimajor anie is Ar grn. The energy is cm 1 Bw - Show . - Sar (3.5 ‘e Ra Re Els. & * T =- (sé = -+wR, WR, Se = - WA Rem, < @ Re Re The mitial speed at A a given by Amys Ks B= + $Romg v= 172 TR The fined peed at A is gwen by Kira & Kwmvt = ~dmghet MME = (4-4) mgRe v= 78 Veg 16Hence aye (V% -V%) Vag = -10R%79%10" m/s = 850m At B the final speed is eo ey = 5 RG tia] speed ab @ ie , ’ a - mute wi-u, = -gmpRet “hese = (FZ) mg Reni mgh we (4-18) te = (0.8-0,408) x7 9x70 = 730 m/s. 17Chapter 10 ZH 4 arr = + &, Sintwt Jt Using sin*x = ie Crseaze) ger = af C1 coszut) dd salted simauea)| Fe Te F > Sin 20 (447) = sin quit, tar) = sinawt, = ar Ltt T- 8, +24, (sim awt-sincawt, i = = +f Vins cast dd at chrwt-d Cate) ter % = op & sin fut | =o [ Q= 7, w @ atradfeycle x acycles/sec = 4 rad/s yo Spree = ons 5 be Ym = 00s ky s' wo = Thm k= mut= 0.3x(u7)*= 475 Vm Fer a damped oscillator x= x, et Sin wt Zero crossings eceur at tt=0, Wi27, +6. nT 118