Circles Study Material

xf.
kr
MATHEMATICS
Study Material for Examination for the post of
Sr.Teacher Grade II RPSC
TWO DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY II

CIRCLES
f}foe funsZ'kkad T;kfefr
o`Ùk
UMESH MATHUR
MATHUR CLASSES, JAIPUR
+91 94140 70088, +91 94139 70088
o`Ùk
(The Circle)
,d fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk tks bl izdkj xeu djrk gS fd bldh ,d fLFkj (fixed) fcUnq ls nwjh lnSo leku (constant) jgs o`Ùk dgykrk
gSA fLFkj fcUnq o`Ùk dk dsUnz (centre) vkSj leku nwjh o`Ùk dh f=T;k (radius) dgykrh gSA ;gk¡ fLFkj fcUnq vkSj pj fcUnq (current
point) nksuksa leryh; gSaA
o`Ùk lEcU/kh dqN rF; o ifjHkk"kk;sa (Definitions and some facts about the circle)
(i) o`Ùk ,d oØ (curve) gS u fd ,d i`"B (surface) dk {ks=A vr% o`+Ùk }kjk f?kjk {ks= o`Ùk ugha gSA
(ii) dsUnz o f=T;k (centre of radius)
fp= esa fLFkj fcUnq C o`Ùk dk dsUnz rFkk o`Ùk ds fdlh Hkh pj fcUnq P dh dsUnz ls nwjh o`Ùk dh f=T;k dgykrh gSA
P
(iii) Nsnu js[kk (secant line) o`Ùk dks nks fcUnqvksa ij dkV dj tkus okyh js[kk o`Ùk dh Nsnu js[kk dgykrh gSA fn;s fp= esa AB,
o`Ùk dh ,d Nsnu js[kk gSA
B
Q
R
P
A
(iv) thok (Chord):- o`Ùk ds fdUgha nks fcUnqvksa dks feykus okyh js[kk o`Ùk dh ,d thok dgykrh gSA fp= esa PQ, o`Ùk dh ,d
thok gSA
(v) O;kl (Diameter) :- o`Ùk ds dsUnz ls tkus okyh izR;sd thok o`Ùk dk O;kl dgykrh gSA O;kl dh yEckbZ vpj rFkk f=T;k
dh nqxquh gksrh gSA fp= esa PR, o`Ùk dk ,d O;kl gSA
(vi) ifjf/k (Circumference):- o`Ùk dh oØ ifjfefr (Perimeter) dks o`Ùk dh ifjfèk dgrs gSaA r f=T;k okys o`Ùk dh ifjf/k
dh yEckbZ 2 r gksrh gSA
(vii) pki (Arc)- o`Ùk ij fLFkr fdUgha nks fcUnqvksa A vkSj B ds e/; dk oØh; fgLlk (curred section) pki dgykrk gSA bls ge
ladsr AB ;k AB ls O;Dr djrs gSA A vkSj B ds e/; dk NksVk oØh; Hkkx y?kqpki (minor arc) rFkk cM+k oØh; Hkkx o`gn pki
(major arc) dgykrk gSA fn;s fp= esa AEB y?kqpki rFkk ADB o`gn pki gSA
(viii) o`Ùk ij A vkSj B dksbZ nks fcUnq gksa rc
B E
A
thok AB
lim C
A B pki AB
D
AB
 lim 1
A B AB
(ix) dsUnz ij varfjr dks.k (Angle subtended at the centre):- -o`Ùk dk dsUnz C gks rFkk fdlh pki ds fljs A vkSj B gksa
rc dks.k  ACB, pki AB }kjk dsUnz ij varfjr dks.k dgykrk gSA ;g dks.k pki o f=T;k ds vuqikr ds cjkcj gksrk gSA vFkkZr~
pki ( arc)
dsUnz ij varfjr dks.k 
f«kT¸kk (radis )
Study Material for II Grade RPSC Mathematics Circle o`Ùk 3
(x) fdlh pki }kjk o`Ùk ds dsUnz ij varfjr dks.k ifjf/k ds fdlh fcUnq ij varfjr dks.k dk nqxquk gksrk gS vFkkZr~
 ACB  2  APQ

C A

(xi) {ks=Qy (Area) r f=T;k okys o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy vFkkZr~ o`Ùk dh ifjf/k ls f?kjs {ks= dk {ks=Qy r 2 gksrk gSA ;fn o`Ùk dk
1
O;kl d gks rc o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy d 2 gksrk gSA
4
(xii) f=T; [k.M (Sector of circle):- o`Ùk dk og Hkkx tks nks f=T;kvksa (radii) rFkk muds e/; ds ,d pki ls f?kjk gks o`Ùk
dk f=T;[k.M dgykrk gSA
B
 A
C
1 2
pki AB ls dsUnz C ij varfjr dks.k  ACB   rFkk o`Ùk dh f=T;k r gks rc f=T; [k.M dk {ks=Qy r  gksrk gSA
2
(xiii) o`Ùk [k.M (Segment of a circle):- o`Ùk dk og {ks= tks o`Ùk dh fdlh thok rFkk mlds }kjk varfjr pki ds e/; f?kjk
gks o`Ùkh; [k.M dgykrk gSA
izR;sd thok ds nks o`Ùk [k.M gksrs gSaA ,d cM+k o ,d NksVkA cM+k Hkkx o`gn o`Ùk [k.M (major segment) rFkk NksVk Hkkx
y?kq o`Ùk [k.M (minor segment) dgykrk gSA
;fn o`Ùk dh f=T;k r rFkk thok }kjk o`Ùk ij varfjr pki AB ls o`Ùk ds dsUnz ij varfjr dks.k  gks rc bl o`Ùk [k.M dk
r2
{ks=Qy (  sin )
2
(xiv) Li'kZ js[kk (Tangent line):- ,d js[kk tks o`Ùk dks ,d gh fcUnq ij feyrh gks vFkkZr~ o`Ùk dks Li'kZ djrh gks o`Ùk dh Li'kZ
js[kk dgykrh gSA Li'kZ js[kk o`Ùk dks ftl fcUnq ij Li'kZ djrh gS og ml Li'khZ dk Li'kZ fcUnq (point of contact) dgykrk
gSA
o`Ùk ds fdlh fcUnq P ij Li'kZ js[kk] P ls tkus okyh Nsnu js[kk dh lhekar fLFkfr gksrh gS vFkkZr~ ;fn o`Ùk dh fdlh Nsnu
js[kk PQ dk fcUnq Q, P dks dh vksj vxzlj gks vkSj og P ds utnhd vkSj utnhd vkrs gq;s P ds laikrh gks tk;s rks Nsnu
js[kk PQ fcUnq P ij Li'kZ js[kk gks tkrh gSSA
(xv) vfHkyEc (Normal) - o`Ùk ds fdlh fcUnq P ls tkus okyh rFkk P ij Li'kZ js[kk ds yEcor~ js[kk ml fcUnq ij vfHkyEc js[kk
dgykrh gSA fcUnq P ml vfHkyEc js[kk dk ikn (foot of the normal) dgykrk gSA o`Ùk ds fdlh Hkh fcUnq ij vfHkyEc lnSo
o`Ùk ds dsUnz ls xqtjrk gSA
(xvi) o`Ùk dk lehdj.k (Equation of a circle):- o`Ùk ds dsUnz ds funsZ'kkadksa] o`Ùk dh f=T;k vkSj o`Ùk ij pj fcUnq (current point)
ds funsZ'kkadksa ds e/; ds lEcU/k dks crkus okyk lehdj.k o`Ùk dk lehdj.k dgykrk gSA
For Expert and Result Oriented Coaching in MATHEMATICS for I Grade, II Grade RPSC Examinations,C SAT, RAS, C MAT, CAT, SSC,
Bank PO and all other Competitive Examinations with exhaustive Study Material.Contact : Umesh Mathur 94139 70088
o`Ùk dk dsUnzh; :i esa lehdj.k (Equationof a circle in central form)
(i) ;fn o`Ùk dk dsUnz C(h, k) vkSj f=T;k r gks rc o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  r 2 gksxkA
Li"Vhdj.k %& ekuk o`Ùk ij dksbZ pj fcUnq P(x, y) gS rc CP = r ¼ifjHkk"kk ls½ ;k CP 2  r 2 ;k
( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  r 2 gksxk
(h, k)
r P
C
(ii) ;fn h  k  0 gks rc o`Ùk dk lehdj.k x 2  y 2  r 2 gksxkA ;g o`Ùk dk ljyre ;k ekud :i (simplest or standard
form) dgykrk gSA y
P
r
x
O
(iii) 'kwU; ;k fcUnq o`Ùk (Zero or point circle) :- tc o`Ùk dh f=T;k 'kwU; vFkkZr~ r = 0 gks rc o`Ùk dk lehdj.k
( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  0 gksxkA ;g lehdj.k ,d fcUnq dks O;Dr djrk gS rFkk fcUnq o`Ùk dgykrk gSA
fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa esa o`Ùk dk lehdj.k (Equation of a circle in different cases)
(i) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldk dsUnz C (h, k ) gks rFkk og ewy fcUnq ls xqtjrk gks &
bl o`Ùk dh f=T;k  h 2  k 2 , blfy;s lehdj.k
( x  h )2  ( y  k ) 2  h 2  k 2
;k x 2  y 2  2hx  2ky  0
(ii) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldk dsUnz C(h, k) gks rCkk og fcUnq A(a, b) ls xqtjrk gks&
bl o`Ùk dh f=T;k CA  ( h  a )2  ( k  b) 2
blfy;s lehdj.k
( x  h ) 2  ( y  k ) 2  ( h  a ) 2  ( k  b) 2
;k x 2  y 2  2hx  2ky  a 2  b2  2(ah  bk )
(iii) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldk dsUnz fn;k gks rFkk tks x-v{k dks Li'kZ djrk gks&
bl o`Ùk dh pkj fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxhA o`Ùk dk dsUnz ftl ikn (quadrant) esa fLFkr gksxk mlh ikn esa o`Ùk fLFkr gksxkA ;s pkjksa
fLFkfr;k¡ fuEu gSa%&
x
(-h, k) (h, k)
k k
y
k O
k
(-h, -k) (h, -k)
(a) izFke ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz (h, k) gks ( x  h)  ( y  k )  k
2 2 2
(b) f}rh; ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz (h, k ) gks ( x  h)2  ( y  k ) 2  k 2

(c) r`rh; ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz ( h,  k ) gks ( x  h)2  ( y  k ) 2  k 2
(d) prqFkZ ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz (h,  k ) gks ( x  h)2  ( y  k ) 2  k 2
(iv) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldk dsUnz fn;k gks rFkk tks y- v{k dks Li'kZ djrk gks
y
(-h, k) (h, k)
k k
x
O
(-h, -k) (h, -k)
bl o`Ùk dh Hkh pkj fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh gks fuEu gSa%&

(a) izFke ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz (h, k ) gks ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  h 2
(b) f}rh; ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz (h, k ) gks ( x  h)2  ( y  k ) 2  h 2
(c) r`rh; ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz ( h,  k ) gks ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  h 2
(d) prqFkZ ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz (h,  k ) gks ( x  h)2  ( y  k ) 2  h2
(v) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k tks x-v{k dks ewy fcUnq ij Li'kZ djrk gks vkSj ftldh f=T;k a gks&
y
(0, a)
(0, -a)
bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz (0,  a) gksxk vkSj bldh fuEu nks fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh&
(a) x-v{k ds Åij fLFkr o`Ùk x 2  ( y  a )2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ay  0
(b) x-v{k ds uhps fLFkr o`Ùk x 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ay  0
(vi) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k y-v{k dks ewy fcUnq ij Li'kZ djrk gks vkSj ftldh f=T;k a gks&
y
x
(0, -a) (0, a)
bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz ( a, 0) gksxk bldh fuEu nks fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh

(a) ewy fcUnq ds nk;ha vksj fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a )2  y 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  0
(b) ewy fcUnq ds ck;ha vksj fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  y 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  0
(vii) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k tks nksuksa v{kksa dks Li'kZ djrk gks vkSj ftldh f=T;k a gks%&
x
(-a, a) (a, a)
k k
y
O
k k
(-a,- a) (a,- a)
bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz ( a,  a) gksxkA bldh fuEu pkj fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh%&

(a) izFke ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0
(b) f}rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0
(c) r`rh; ikn esa o`Ùk] ( x  a) 2  ( y  a )2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0
(d) prqFkZ ikn esa o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0
(viii) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k tks funsZ'kh v{kksa rFkk js[kk x  2 a dks Li'kZ djrk gks&
bl o`Ùk dk O;kl |2a| gS vr% f=T;k |a| gksxhA bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz (a,  a ) gksxkA bldh fuEu fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh&
tc a  0 y
(a, a)
x
O
(a,- a)
x - 2a

(b) prqFkZ ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  ( y  a ) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0
tc a  0 ekuk a   r , r  0
y
(-r, r)
x
O
(-r, r)
x = - 2r
(c) f}rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk 2 2
( x  r )  ( y  r)  r 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2rx  2ry  r 2  0
(d) r`rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  r )2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2rx  2ry  r 2  0
(ix) ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k tks funsZ'kh v{kksa rFkk js[kk y  2a dks Li'kZ djrk gks%&
bl o`Ùk dk O;kl |2a| gS vr% f=T;k |a| gksxhA bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz ( a, a) gksxkA bldh fuEu fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh%&
tc a  0
y
y = 2a
(-a, a) (a, a)
x
O

(b) f}rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0
Y
(-r, -r) (r, -r)

y = -2r
O
tc a  0 ekuk a   r , r  0
(c) r`rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  r )2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2rx  2ry  r 2  0
(d) prqFkZ ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  r ) 2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2rx  2ry  r 2  0
(x) x  a, x  3a vkSj x-v{k dks Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k tc a  0 bl fLFkfr esa nks o`Ùk gksaxsA bu o`Ùkksa dh f=T;k
a vkSj dsUnz (2a, a) o (2a,  a) gksaxsA
y
(-2r, r) (2a, a)
x
O
(-2r, -r) (2a, -a)
x = 3r x = -r x=a x = 3a
(a) izFke ikn easa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  2a)  ( y  a )  a ;k x  y  4ax  2ay  4a 2  0
2 2 2 2 2
(b) prqFkZ ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  2a) 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  4ax  2ay  4a 2  0 tc a  0 gks ekuk a  r vc
o`Ùkksa dh f=T;k r rFkk dsUnz (2r , r ) rFkk (2r ,  r ) gksxa sA
(c) f}rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  2r ) 2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2 ;k x 2  y 2  4rx  2ry  4r 2  0
(d) r`rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  2r ) 2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2 ;k x 2  y 2  4rx  2ry  4r 2  0
(xi) x  a, x  b, y  c dks Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k tcfd a  0, b  0, c  0 bl fLFkfr esa nks o`Ùk gksaxs ,d y = c
js[kk ds Åij vkSj nwljk bl js[kk ds uhpsA
y
C1
y=c
C2
L N
x
O
x=a x=b
b-a
ba a b ba
;gk¡ o`Ùk dh f=T;k  vkSj dsUnz dk Hkqt  rFkk y  c js[kk ds Åij fLFkr o`Ùk ds dsUnz dh dksfV  c   2  vkSj
2 2  
ba
js[kk y  c ds uhps fLFkr o`Ùk ds dsUnz dh dksfV  c   2 
 
 a  b 2c  b  a   a  b 2c  b  a 
 C1  ,  vkSj C2  ,  gksaxsA
 2 2   2 2 
vc dsUnzh; :i dh lgk;rk ls o`Ùk Kkr djsaxsA
(xii) x-v{k ls var%[k.M dkVus o y-v{k dks Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k%&
y
b x
2a 2a
;fn o`Ùk x-v{k ls 2a yEckbZ dk var%[k.M gks vkSj y-v{k dks ewy fcUnq b nwjh ij Li'kZ djrk gks rks o`Ùk dh f=T;k r  a 2  b2
gksxhA bl fLFkfr esa pkj o`Ùk gksaxs ftudk lehdj.k fuEu gS%&
(a) izFke ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz (r , b), r  a 2  b 2 ( x  r ) 2  ( y  b) 2  r 2
(b) f}rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz ( r , b ) ] ( x  r ) 2  ( y  b) 2  r 2
(c) r`rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz (r,b), ( x  r ) 2  ( y  b) 2  r 2
(d) prqFkZ ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz (r ,  b), ( x  r ) 2  ( y  b) 2  r 2
(xiii) y-v{k ls var%[k.M dkVus vkSj x-v{k dks Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k
y
b
r
x
(a, 0)
;fn o`Ùk y-v{k ls 2b yEckbZ ij var%[k.M dkVrk gks rks x v{k dks ewy fcUnq ls a nwjh ij Li'kZ djrk gks rc o`Ùk dh f=T;k
r  a 2  b2 gksxhA
bl fLFkfr esa pkj o`Ùk gksaxs ftudh lehdj.k fuEu gksaxh%&
(a) izFke ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz (a, r ) ] ( x  a) 2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2
(b) f}rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz (a, r ) , ( x  a ) 2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2
(c) r`rh; ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz (a, r ) ] ( x  a ) 2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2
(d) prqFkZ ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk & dsUnz (a,  r ) ] ( x  a) 2  ( y  r ) 2  r 2
(xiv) ewy fcUnq ls tkus okys vkSj funsZ'kh v{kksa ls var %[k.M dkVus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k
x
B (0, b)
A' A
(-a, 0) y
(a, 0)
B' (0, - b)
ekuk o`Ùk funsZ'kh v{kksa ls Øe'k% a vkSj b yEckbZ ds var%[k.M dkVrk gSA ;fn vHkh"V o`Ùk funsZ'kh v{kksa dks fcUnqvksa A vkSj B ij dkVrk
gks rks js[kk AB o`Ùk dk ,d O;kl gksxkA vr% o`Ùk dk lehdj.k O;kl :i dh lgk;rk ls Kkr djsaxsA bl fLFkfr esa pkj o`Ùk gksaxs
ftudh lehdj.k fuEu gS%&
(a) og o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz izFke ikn esa fLFkr gS&
( x  a )( x  0)  ( y  0)( y  b)  0 ;k x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
(b) og o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz f}rh; ikn esa fLFkr gS%&
( x  a) ( x  0)  ( y  0)( y  b)  0 ;k x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
(c) og o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz r`r h; ikn esa fLFkr gS%&
( x  a) ( x  0)  ( y  0)( y  b)  0 ;k x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
(d) og o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz prqFkZ ikn esa fLFkr gS%&
( x  a )( x  0)  ( y  0)( y  b)  0 ;k x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
o`Ù k dk O;kid lehdj.k (General equation of a circle)
o`Ùk ds dsUnzh; :i esa ( x  h) 2 ,( y  k ) 2 ds inksa dks foLrkj djds fy[kus ij izkIr inksa esa h   g , k   f rFkk rhu inksa ls cuus
okys vpj h 2  k 2  a  dk c ls izfrLFkkfir djus ij gesa lehdj.k x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 izkIr gksrk gS&
;g o`Ùk dk O;kid :i esa lehdj.k dgykrk gSA bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz ( g ,  f )
 1 1
vFkkZr~   x dk x.qkkd a  vkSj f=T;k
a ,  y dk x.qkkd g2  f 2  c gSA
 2 2 
;g o`Ùk ,d okLrfod o`Ùk] fcUnq o`Ùk ;k dkYifud o`Ùk gksxkA ;fn g 2  f 2  c Øe'k% /kukRed] 'kwU; ;k _.kkRed gksA
izfrca/k tcfd x o y esa O;kid f}?kkr lehdj.k ,d o`Ùk dks O;Dr djs
(Condition that general equation of second degree in x and y represents a circle)
lehdj.k ax 2  by 2  2hxy  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
,d o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djsxk ;fn ;g lehdj.k x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ds le:i gks
a b 2h
bu nksuksa lehdj.k dh rqyuk djus ij   ;k a  b, h  0
1 1 0
vFkkZr~ x, y ds O;kid f}?kkr lehdj.k esa ;fn x 2 dk xq.kkad  y 2 dk xq.kkad gks rFkk xy dk dksbZ in u gks rc og lehdj.k ,d
o`Ùk dks O;Dr djsxkA bl fLFkfr esa fn;k lehdj.k ax 2  ay 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 gksxkA
;g o`Ùk dk vf/kd O;kid lehdj.k (more general equation) dgykrk gSA
 g  f g 2  f 2  ac
bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz   a ,  a  vkSj f=T;k gksxhA
  a2
o`Ùk dk O;kl :i (Diameter form of a circle)
;fn ,d o`Ùk ds fdlh O;kl ds fljs A( x1 , y1 ) vkSj B ( x2 , y2 ) gksa rc ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k
B(x
P 2,
y2 )
A(x
1, y1 )
( x  x1 ) ( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 ) ( y  y2 )  0 gksxk
o`Ùk ds izkpfyd lehdj.k (Parametric equation of a circle)
tc fdlh fcUnq ds dkrhZ; funsZ'kkadksa (x, y) dks fdlh ,d gh pj (variable) ds inksa esa O;Dr djsa rks os funsZ'kkad ml fcUnq ds izkapfyd
funsZ'kkad (Parametric coordinates) vkSj og pj jkf'k izkpkay (parameter) dgykrh gSA
(i) x 2  y 2  a 2 ds izkpfyd lehdj.k (Parametric equations of x 2  y 2  a 2 )
y
P (x, y)
 x
O M
ekuk o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ij fdlh pj fcUnq P ( x, y ) dh f=T;k OP,, x-v{k ls  dks.k cukrh gSA fn;s fp= esa Li"V gS fd
x  OM  OP cos   a cos  vkSj y  PM  OP sin   a cos 
blfy;s P ds funsZ'kkad (a cos , a sin ) gksaxsA Li"Vr;k fcUnq (a cos , a sin ),  ds lHkh ekuksa ds fy;s fn;s o`Ùk ij fLFkr gS] vr%
;gh o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ij fdlh fcUnq ds izkpfyd funsZ'kkad gSaA ;gk¡  izkpky gS vkSj lehdj.k
x  a cos , y  a sin  (0    2 )
bl o`Ùk ds izkpfyd lehdj.k (parametric equations) gSa
(ii) o`Ùk ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  a 2 ds izkpfyd lehdj.k x  h  a cos , y  k  a sin  (0    2) gksaxs vkSj bl o`Ùk ij
fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ds izkpfyd funsZ'kkad (h  a cos , k  a sin ) gksaxsA
(iii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
ds izkpfyd lehj.k x   g  r cos , y   f  r sin  gSa ;gk¡ r  g 2  f 2  c
rhu fcUnqvksa ls tkus okyk o`Ùk (Circle passing through three given points)
(i) ekuk rhu fcUnqvksa ( x1 , y1 ), ( x2 , y2 ) vkSj ( x3 , y3 ) ls tkus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 gSA
pw¡fd ;g o`Ùk fn;s rhu fcUnqvksa ls xqtjrk gS vr% bu rhuksa ls mijksDr lehdj.k larq"V gksxhA bu fcUnqvksa ls bl lehdj.k dks
larq"V djkus ij gesa fuEu rhu lehdj.k izkIr gksaxh%&
x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c  0
x22  y22  2 gx2  2 fy2  c  0
vkSj x32  y32  2 gx3  2 fy3  c  0
bu rhu lehdj.kksa dks gy djds izkIr g, f vkSj c ds ekuksa dks Åij fn;s lehdj.k esa j[kus ij vHkh"V o`Ùk izkIr gksxkA
x2  y 2 x y 1
x12  y12 x1 y1 1
0
mijksDr o`Ùk dks lkjf.kd :i esa fy[ksa rks o`Ùk dk lehdj.k x22  y22 x2 y2 1
x32  y32 x3 y3 1
Li"Vr;k ;g lkjf.kd Åij nh pkj lehdj.kksa ls g, f, c dks foyksi djus ij izkIr gksxkA
(ii) f}rh; fof/k (Second method):- fn;s rhu fcUnqvksa esa ls nks ( x1 , y1 ) vkSj ( x2 , y2 ) dks O;kl eku dj [khapk x;k o`Ùk
S  0 vkSj bu nksuksa ls tkus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k L = 0 gks rc bu nks fcUnqvksa ls tkus okys fdlh o`Ùk dk lehdj.k S   L  0
x y 1
vFkkZr~ ( x  x1 )( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y2 )   x1 y1 1  0 gksxkA ;gk¡  ,d izkpky (parameter) gSA ;fn ;g o`Ùk
x2 y2 1
( x3 , y3 ) ls xqtjrk gks rks bl lehdj.k dks ( x3 , y3 ) ls larq"V djkdj  dk eku Kkr djds blh lehdj.k esa izfrLFkkfir djus
ij vHkh"V o`Ùk dk lehdj.k izkIr gksxkA
ifjo`Ù k ds lehdj.k (Equations of the circum circle)
(i) f=Hkqt dk ifjo`Ùk tc 'kh"kZ fn;s gksa (circumcircle of a triangle when vertices are given)
;fn fdlh f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kkZsa ds funsZ'kkad fn;s gksa rks mlds ifjo`Ùk dk lehdj.k rhu fcUnqvksa ls tkus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k
Kkr djus dh fof/k ls Kkr djsaxsA
(ii) tc f=Hkqt dh Hkqtk;sa nh gksa (When sides of the triangle are given)
;fn fdlh f=Hkqt dh rhu Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k ns j[ksa gksa vkSj ml f=Hkqt dk ifjo`r Kkr djuk gks rks igys nks&nks lehdj.kksa
dks gy djds f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kkZsa ds funsZ'kkad Kkr djsaxs fQj mijksDr fof/k ls o`Ùk dk lehdj.k Kkr djsxsA
f}rh; fof/k (second method) & ;fn f=Hkqt dh rhu Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k L1  0, L2  0 vkSj L3  0 gksa rc mlds 'kh"kkZsa
ls tkus okys fdlh oØ dk lehdj.k ( L1 . L2 )   ( L2 . L3 )   ( L3 . L1 )  0 gksxkA ;gk¡ vpj  vkSj  dk eku izfrca/kksa
x 2 dk xq.kkad  y dk xq.kkad vkSj xy dk xq.kkad ¾ 'kwU; ls Kkr djsaxs ftlls ;g oØ f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kkZsa ls tkus okys o`Ùk dks
2
iznf'kZr djsxkA
(iii) ledks.k f=Hkqt dk ifjo`Ùk (Circumcircle of a right angle triangle) ledks.k f=Hkqt ds ifjo`Ùk dk ,d O;kl ml
f=Hkqt dk d.kZ gksxkA vr% fn;s f=Hkqt ds d.kZ dks O;kl ekudj o`Ùk dk lehdj.k Kkr djsxs] tks vHkh"V o`Ùk gksxkA
(iv) oxZ ;k vk;r dk ifjo`Ùk (Circumcircle of square or a rectangle) oxZ ;k vk;r dk ifjo`r ds fy;s bu vkd`fr;ksa
ds fod.kZ O;kl gksaxsA vr% fn;s oxZ ;k vk;r ds fod.kZ dks O;kl ekudj [khaps x;s o`Ùk gh vHkh"V o`Ùk gksaxsA
pkj fcUnqvksa ds ,d o`Ùkh; gksus dk izfrca/k (Condition that four points be concyclic)
(i) fn;s pkj fcUnq A,B, C vkSj D ,d o`Ùkh; dgykrs gSa ;fn buesa ls fdUgha rhu fcUnqvksa ls tkus okyk o`Ùk pkSFks fcUnq ls Hkh xqtjrk
gksA
(ii) prq H kq Z t dk ifjo` Ù k (Circum circle of a quadritateral) :- ;fn fdlh prq H kq Z t dh Hkq t k;s a Øekuq l kj
L1  0, L2  0, L3  0 vkSj L4  0 gksa rc ;fn vKkr jkf'k  dk ,slk eku fo|eku gks fd
L1 L3  L2 L4  0
esa x 2 o y 2 ds xq.kkad cjkcj gksa rFkk xy dk dksbZ in u gks rc prqHkqZt pØh; (cyclic) gksxk vkSj bl prqHkqZt ds ifjo`Ùk
dk lehdj.k L1L3   L2 L4  0 gksxkA
o`Ùk ds lkis{k fcUnq dh fLFkfr (Position of a point with respect to a circle)
fcUnq P( x1 , y1 ) o`Ùk S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ds ckgj] Åij ;k vanj gksxk ;fn S1 Øe'k%  0,  0 ;k  0 gksA tgk¡
S1  x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c
,d fcUnq dh o`Ùk ls U;wure o vf/kdre nwjh (The least and greatest distance of a point from a circle)
ekuk fn;k o`Ùk S = 0 vkSj fcUnq A( x1 , y1 ) gSA iqu% ekuk fn;s o`Ùk dk A ls tkus okyk O;kl o`Ùk dks fcUnqvksa P vkSj Q ij dkVrk
gSA ;fn o`Ùk dk dsUnz C vkSj f=T;k r gks rc
Q
P
A
AP  AC  r  U;wure nwjh vkSj AQ  AC  r  vf/kdre nwjh

o`Ùk }kjk funsZ'kh v{kksa ij dkVs x;s var%[k.M (Intercepts made on co-ordinate axes by the circle)
1- o`Ùk ax 2  ay 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 }kjk
2
(i) x-v{k ij dkVs x;s var%[k.M dh yEckbZ  g 2  ac
a
2
(ii) y- v{k ij dkVs x;s var%[k.M dh yEckbZ  f 2  ac
a
(iii) ;fn fn;k x;k o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 gks rc A1 A2  2 g 2  c vkSj B1B2  2 f 2  c
2 Li"Vr;k o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
(iv) x-v{k dks nks okLrfod o vleku fcUnqvksa ij feysxk ;fn g 2  c
(v) x-v{k dks Li'kZ djsxk ;fn g 2  c vkSj
(vi) x-v{k dks nks dkYifud fcUnqvksa ij feysxk ;fn g 2  c
blh izdkj o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
(vii) y-v{k dks nks okLrfod o vleku fcUnqvksa ij feysxk ;fn f 2  c
(viii) y-v{k dks Li'kZ djsxk ;fn f 2  c
(ix) y-v{k dks nks dkYifud fcUnqvksa ij feysxk ;fn f 2  c
o`Ùk vkSj js[kk (circle and line)
ekuk fn;k o`Ùk S = 0 vkSj js[kk L = 0 gSA ;fn o`Ùk ds dsUnz C ls js[kk L = 0 ij Mkys x;s yEc dh yEckbZ ladsr  ls iznf'kZr gks
vkSj o`Ùk dh f=T;k r gks rc fp= ls Li"V gS fd o`Ùk o js[kk ijLij
(i) okLrfod o vleku fcUnqvksa ij feysaxs ;fn  r
(ii) Li'kZ djsaxs ;fn  r

(iii) dkYifud fcUnqvksa ij feysaxs ;fn   r vkSj ;fn  0 gks rks js[kk L = 0 o`Ùk S = 0 dk ,d O;kl gksxkA
o`Ùk }kjk js[kk ij dkVk x;k var%[k.M (Intercept made on line by the circle)
;fn o`Ùk S = 0 vkSj js[kk L = 0 ijLij ,d nwljs dks fcUnqvksa P vkSj Q ij feyrs gksa rc P
C
PQ = 2, PM  2 PC 2  CM 2
M
2 2
 2 r  ( ) Q
a 2 (1  m2 )  c 2
(i) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 }kjk js[kk y  mx  c ij dkVs x;s var%[k.M dh yEckbZ  2
1  m2
Li'khZ gksus ij izfrca/k (condition of tangency) & o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 js[kk y  mx  c dks Li'kZ djsxk ;fn
c  a 1  m2
izo.krk ds inksa esa Li'khZ dk lehdj.k (Equation of tangent in terms of slope)
(i) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ij m ds inksa esa Li'khZ dk lehdj.k y  mx  a 1  m2
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ij m ds inksa esa Li'khZ dk lehdj.k
y  f  m( x  g )  ( g 2  f 2  c ) 1  m 2
Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k (Equation of tangent)
(i) o`+Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ij Li'khZ dk lehdj.k xx1  yy1  a 2
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds fcUnq (a cos , a sin ) ij Li'khZ dk lehdj.k x cos  y sin   a
(iii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ds fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) ij Li'khZ dk lehdj.k xx1  yy1  g ( x  x1 )  f ( y  y1 )  c  0
bl izdkj tc gesa fn;s o`Ùk ds fdlh fcUnq P( x , y1 ) ij Li'khZ dk lehdj.k Kkr djuk gks rks ge o`Ùk ds lehdj.k esa
x 2  xx1 , y 2  yy1 ,2 x  x  x1 , 2 y  y  y1 vkSj c  c
izfrLFkkfir dj vfHk"V Li'khZ dk lehdj.k Kkr dj ldrs gSaA
vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k (Equation of normal)
pw¡fd o`Ùk ds fdlh fcUnq ij vfHkyEc] mlh fcUnq ij [khaph Li'khZ ds yEcor~ js[kk gksrh gS tks fd o`Ùk ds dsUnz ls xqtjrh gSA vr%
o`+Ùk ds fdlh fcUnq ij vfHkyEc] ml fcUnq vkSj o`Ùk ds dsUnz dks feykus okyh js[kk gksrh gSA bl izdkj&
(i) o`+Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ij vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k xy1  x1 y  0
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds fcUnq (a cos , a sin ) ij vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k x sin   y cos   0
(iii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ij fdlh vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k y  mx ;gk¡ m vfHkyEc dh izo.krk gSA
(iv) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ds fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ij vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k
y1  f
y  y1  ( x  x1 )
x1  g
(v) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ij fdlh Hkh vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k y  f  m( x  g ) ;gk¡ m vfHkyEc dh izo.krk gSA
Li'kZ js[kk dh yEckbZ (Length of the tangnt)
fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ls o`Ùk ij [khaph Li'khZ dh yEckbZ tcfd o`+Ùk dk lehdj.k
(i) x 2  y 2  a 2 gks x12  y12  a 2 gksxhA
(ii) x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 gks x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c gksxhA
2g 2f c
(iii) ax 2  ay 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 gks x12  y12  x1  y1  gksxhA
a a a
o`Ùk ds lkis{k fcUnq dh 'kfDr (Power of a point w.r.t a circle)
fdlh fcUnq P dh fn;s o`Ùk S = 0 ds lkis{k 'kfDr nwfj;ksa PQ vkSj PR ds chth; xq.kuQy ds cjkcj gksrh gSA tgk¡ Q vkSj R fcUnq
P ls [khaph fdlh Nsnu js[kk vkSj o`Ùk ds izfrPNsn fcUnq gSaA
Q R
R
Q
P
P Q
R
Q R
T
;fn fcUnq P fn;s o`Ùk ds ckgj gks rc PQ . PR  PT 2

;gk¡ PT, fcUnq P ls o`Ùk S = 0 ij [khaph Li'khZ dh yEckbZ gSA o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds lkis{k fcUnq P( x1 , y1 ) dh 'kfDr x12  y12  a 2
vkSj o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ds lkis{k fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) dh 'kfDr x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c gksxhA
,d fcUnq ls o`Ùk ij Li'kZ js[kk;sa (Tangents from a point to a circle)
(i) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ij fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) ls tkus okyh Li'khZ dk lehdj.k&
pw¡fd fn;s o`Ùk ij fdlh Li'khZ dk lehdj.k y  mx  a 1  m 2 ;g Li'khZ fcUnq P( x, y ) ls xqtjrh gksa rc y1  mx1  a 1  m 2
;k ( y1  mx1 ) 2  a 2 (1  m 2 )
;k m 2 ( x12  a 2 )  2mx1 y1  y12  a 2  0 ...............(A)
tks fd m esa f}?kkr lehdj.k gS ftlls m ds nks eku izkIr gksaxs ftUgsa mijksDr Li'khZ ds lehdj.k esa j[kus ij gesa vHkh"V Lif'kZ;k¡
izkIr gksaxhA
bl f}?kkr lehdj.k (A) ds lnSo nks ewy gksaxs tks fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ls tkus okyh Lif'kZ;ksa dh izo.krk;sa gksaxhA vr% fdlh Hkh fcUnq
( x1 , y1 ) esa ,d o`Ùk ij lnSo nks Lif'kZ;k¡ [khaph tk ldrh gSaA fp= ls Li"V gS fd ;s Lif'kZ;k¡ okLrfod o vleku gksaxh tcfd
fcUnq P o`Ùk ds ckgj fLFkr gks] bl fLFkfr esa mijksDr lehdj.k ds ewy Hkh okLrfod o vleku gksaxsA ;s Lif'kZ;k¡ okLrfod o laikrh
gksaxh tc fcUnq gksaxs tc fcUnq P o`Ùk ds Åij fLFkr gks] bl fLFkfr esa mijksDr lehdj.k ds ewy okLrfod o leku gksaxs vkSj ;s Lif'kZ;k¡
dkYifud gksaxh tcfd fcUnq P o`Ùk ds vUnj fLFkr gks vkSj bl fLFkfr esa mijksDr lehdj.k ds ewy Hkh dkYifud gksaxsA
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ij fdlh fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) ls [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa ds lehdj.k&
pw¡fd y  f  m( x  g )  g 2  f 2  c 1  m 2
fn;s o`Ùk ij lnSo Li'khZ gSA ;fn ;g ( x1 , y1 ) ls xqtjrh gks rks ( x1 , y1 ) ls larq"V djkus ij m esa f}?kkr lehdj.k izkIr gksxh] ftlls
m ds nks eku izkIr gksaxsA bu izkIr ekuksa dks lnSo Li'khZ ds lehdj.k esa j[kus ij gesa vHkh"V Lif'kZ;k¡ izkIr gksaxhA
(a) f}rh; fof/k& ( x1 , y1 ) ls tkus okyh fdlh js[kk dk lehdj.k y  y1  m( x  x1 ) gksrk gSaA ;g js[kk fn;s o`Ùk dks Li'kZ
djsxh ;fn o`Ùk ds dsUnz ls bl ij Mkyk x;k yEc o`Ùk dh f=T;k ds cjkcj gksA bl izfrca/k ls gesa iqu% m esa f}?kkr lehdj.k izkIr
gksxh] ftlls izkIr m ds nksuksa eku vHkh"V Lif'kZ;ksa dh izo.krk;sa gksaxhA bu ekuksa dks Åij nh lehdj.k esa j[kus ij gesaokafNr Lif'kZ;ksa
ds lehdj.k izkIr gksaxsA
(b) r`rh; fof/k& ( x1 , y1 ) ls tkus okyh js[kk y  y1  m( x  x1 )
fn;s o`Ùk ij Li'khZ gks rks ;g o`Ùk dks ,d gh fcUnq ij feysxhA vr% bl lehdj.k vkSj o`Ùk ds lehdj.k dks gy djus ds
fy;s ,d pj x ;k y dk foyksi djus ij tks f}?kkr lehdj.k izkIr gksxh mlds ewy leku gksaxsA ml lehdj.k esa leku ewyksa dk
izfrca/k yxkus ij vFkkZr~ ml lehdj.k ds foospd dks 'kwU; d cjkcj j[kus ij ges vHkh"V Lif'kZ;ksa dh izo.krkvksa ds eku izkIr gksaxsA
Li'khZ ;qXe vkSj Li'khZ thok (Pair of tangents and chord of contact)
fn;s o`Ùk S = 0 ij cká fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) ls [khaph nks Lif'kZ;k¡ PQ o PR gksa rks ;s nksuksa Lif'kZ;k¡ o`Ùk S = 0 ij fcUnq P ls [khapk Li'khZ
;qXe rFkk buds Li'kZ fcUnqvksa Q vkSj R dks feykus okyh thok bu Lif'kZ;ksa dh Li'kZthok (chord of contact) dgykrh gSA
(i) fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) ls o`Ùk S = 0 ij [khaph Li'khZ ;qXe dk lehdj.k SS1  T 2 gksxkA
(a) ;fn o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 gks rks S  x 2  y 2  a 2 , S1  x12  y12  a 2 vkSj T  xx1  yy1  a 2
(b) ;fn o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 gks] rks S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c, S1  x12  y12  2gx1  2 fy  c
vkSj T  xx1  yy1  g ( x  x1 )  f ( y  y1 )  c
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ij cká fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ls [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa dh Li'kZ thok dk lehdj.k xx1  yy1  a 2 gksxkA
(iii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ij cká fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ls [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa dh Li'kZ thok dk lehdj.k
xx1  yy1  g ( x  x1 )  f ( y  y1 )  c  0 gksxkA vFkkZr~ fdlh cká fcUnq P( x1 , y1 ) ls fdlh o`Ùk S = 0 ij [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa dh
Li'kZ thok dk lehdj.k T = 0 gksrk gSA
fu;ked o`Ù k (Director Circle)
(i) ,d o`Ùk dh nks ijLij yEcor~ Lif'kZ;ksa ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa dk fcUnqiFk ,d o`Ùk gksrk gS tks fn;s `Ùok dk fu;ked o`Ùk dgykrk
gSA
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dk fu;ked o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2a 2 gksrk gSA
(iii) o`Ùk ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  r 2 dk fu;ked o`Ùk ( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  2r 2 gksrk gSA
(iv) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 dk fu;ked o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  2c  g 2  f 2  0 gksrk gSA
(v) egRoiw.kZ fujh{k.k (Important observation) &
fdlh o`Ùk dk fu;ked o`Ùk fn;s o`Ùk dk ladsUnzh o`Ùk (concentric circle) gksrk gSA
fdlh o`Ùk ds fu;ked o`Ùk dh f=T;k fn;s o`Ùk dh f=T;k dh 2 xquk gksrh gSA
/kqzo vkSj /kzqoh (Pole and Polar)
;fn fdlh fLFkj fcUnq tks fn;s o`Ùk ds vanj] Åij ;k ckgj fLFkr gks ls o`Ùk dh thok;sa ;k Nsnu js[kk;sa [khaph tk;sa rc bu thokvksa
ds fljksa ;k Nsnu js[kk o o`Ùk ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kkvksa ds izfrPNsn fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk fLFkj fcUnq dh fn;s o`Ùk
ds lkis{k /kqzoh (polar) gksxh vkSj fLFkj fcUnq /kzqoh dk /kqzo (pole) gksxkA
vFkkZr~ ;fn fcUnq P ls o`Ùk S = 0 ij Nsnu js[kk PQR/RPQ [khaph tk;sa tks o`Ùk Q o R ij feys rks Q o R ij [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa ds
izfrPNsn fcUnq T dk fcUnqiFk] fcUnq P dh /kqzoh gksxh vkSj fcUnq P Lo;a bl /kqzoh dk /kqzo gksxkA
T T
P
P Q
R
R
T
/kqzoh dk lehdj.k (Equation of polar)
(i) fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) dh o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds lkis{k /kqzoh dk lehdj.k xx1  yy1  a 2 gksxkA
(ii) fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) dk o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ds lkis{k /kqzoh dk lehdj.k
xx1  yy1  g ( x  x1 )  f ( y  y1 )  c  0 gksxk
/kqzo ds funsZ'kkad (Co-ordinates of pole)
 Aa 2 Ba 2 
(i) o`Ùk x  y  a ds lkis{k js[kk Ax  By  C  0 dk /kqzo   C ,  C  gksxkA
2 2 2
 
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ds lkis{k js[kk Ax  By  C  0 dk /kqzo fuEu lehdj.kksa ls fn;k tk;sxk%&
x1  g y1  f gx1  fy1  c
 
A B C
Li'kZ js[kk] Li'kZ thok vkSj /kqzoh (Tangent, chord of contact and plar)
ekuk fn;k x;k o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 gSA
(i) ;fn fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) o`Ùk ds Åij fLFkr gks rks bl fcUnq ij Li'khZ js[kk vkSj bl fcUnq dh fn;s o`Ùk ds lkis{k Li'kZ thok o
/kqzoh rhuksa leku gksaxh vkSj budk lehdj.k xx1  yy1  a 2 gksxkA
(ii) ;fn fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) o`Ùk ds ckgj fLFkr gks rks bl fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gksxk rFkk Li'kZ thok o /kqzoh leku
js[kk gksxh vkSj budk lehdj.k xx1  yy1  a 2 gksxkA
(iii) ;fn fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) o`Ùk ds vUnj fLFkr gks rks blls [khaph nksuksa Lif'kZ;k¡ dkYifud gksaxh] Qyr% Li'kZ fcUnq Hkh dkYifud
gksaxs] ysfdu budh Li'kZ thok okLrfod gksxh ftlds xq.kkad Hkh okLrfod gksaxs rFkk ;g fcUnq dh o`Ùk ds lkis{k /kqzoh ds laikrh
(coincident) gksxhA bl izdkj ge /kqzoh dks fuEu izdkj Hkh ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSa%&
,d fcUnq dh /kqzoh og js[kk gksxh tks fd fn;s fcUnq ls o``Ùk ij [khaph xbZ Lif'kZ;ksa] okLrfod ;k dkYifud] ds Li'kZ fcUnqvksa ls xqtjsxh
vkSj fdlh js[kk dk /kqzo] js[kk o o`Ùk ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa] okLrfod ;k dkYifud] ij [khaph Li'kZ js[kkvksa dk izfrPNsn fcUnq gksxkA
/kqzo vkSj /kqzoh lEcU/kh egRoiw.kZ ifj.kke (Important results about pole and polar)
(i) la;qXeh fcUnq (Conjugate points):- ,d o`Ùk S = 0 ds lkis{k ;fn fcUnq P dh /kqzoh fcUnq Q ls xqtjrh gks rks fcUnq Q dh
/kqzoh Hkh fcUnq P ls xqtjsxhA ,sls fcUnq P vkSj Q o`Ùk S = 0 ds lkis{k la;qXeh fcUnq dgykrs gSa
(ii) la;qXeh js[kk;sa (conjugate lines):- ,d o`Ùk S = 0 ds lkis{k js[kk L1  0 dk /kqzo js[kk L2  0 ij gks rks js[kk L2  0 dk
/kqoz js[k L1  0 ij gksxk] ,sls js[kk;sa o`Ùk S = 0 ds lkis{k la;qXeh js[kk;sa dgykrh gSaA
(iii) Lo;a la;qXeh f=Hkqt (Self conjugate triangle):- ;fn ,d f=Hkqt bl izdkj gks fd bldk izR;sd 'kh"kZ fdlh o`Ùk ds
lkis{k] lEeq[k Hkqtk dk /kqzo gks rks ,slk f=Hkqt Lo;a la;qXeh f=Hkqt dgykrk gSA vFkkZr~ f=Hkqt ABC ,d Lo;a la;qXeh f=Hkqt gksxk
;fn 'kh"kZ A, B,C fdlh o`Ùk S = 0 ds lkis{k Øe'k% Hkqtkvksa BC, CA, AB ds /kqoz gksaA
o`Ù k fudk; (System of circles)
(i) ;fn nks o`Ùk S1  x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c1  0
vkSj S  x 2  y 2  2 g 2 x  2 f 2 y  c2  0
ijLij okLrfod o vleku fcUnqvksa ij dkVus okys o`Ùk gksa rc buds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ls tkus okys o`Ùk ifjokj (family of circles)
dh lehdj.k S1  S2  0 vFkkZr~
( x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c1 )  ( x 2  y 2  2 g 2 x  2 f 2 y  c2 )  0 gksxhA
;gk¡   1 ,d LosPN vpj gS ;fn   1 gks rks S1  S2  S1  S2  0
nks o`Ùkksa ds ewyk{k (radical axes) dks O;Dr djsxhA
(ii) ;fn o`Ùk S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 vkSj js[kk L  lx  my  n  0 ijLij okLrfod vkSj vleku fcUnqvksa ij dkVrs
gksa rc buds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ls tkus okys o`Ùk ifjokj (family of circles) dh lehdj.k S  L  0
vFkkZr~ ( x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c)  (lx  my  n)  0 gksxhA
;gk¡  ,d LosPN vpj (arbitrary constant) gSA
(iii) ;fn o`Ùk S = 0 vkSj js[kk L  0 ijLij fcUnq P ij Li'kZ djrs gksa rc js[kk L  0 dks fcUnq P ij Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùkksa dk
lehdj.k S  L  0 gksxkA ;gk¡  LosPN vpj gSA
(iv) nks fcUnqvksa ( x1 , y1 ) vkSj ( x2 , y2 ) ls tkus okys fdlh o`Ùk ifjokj dk lehdj.k
x y 1
x1 y1 1  0
( x  x1 ) ( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 ) ( y  y2 )   gksxk ;gk¡  ,d LosPN vpj gSA
x2 y2 1
(v) js[kk y  y1  m( x  x1 ) dks js[kk ( x1 , y1 ) ij Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k

( x  x1 ) 2  ( y  y1 ) 2  {( y  y1 )  m( x  x1 )}  0 gksxkA ;fn  ,d izkpky (parameter) vFkkZr~ LosPN vpj gSA
(vi) ;fn ( x1 , y1 ) ls tkus okyh js[kk y-v{k ds lekUrj gks rks bls ( x1 , y1 ) ij Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk ifjokj dk lehdj.k
( x  x1 ) 2  ( y  y1 ) 2   ( x  x1 )  0 ;gk¡  izkpky gSA
(vii) ;fn ( x1 , y1 ) ls tkus okyh js[kk x-v{k ds lekUrj gks rks bls ( x1 , y1 ) ij Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk ifjokj dk lehdj.k
( x  x1 ) 2  ( y  y1 ) 2  ( y  y1 )  0
O;kl (Diameter)
o`Ùk ds dsUnz ls xqtjus okyh izR;sd thok o`Ùk dk O;kl dgykrh gSA O;kl dh yEckbZ vpj (constant) rFkk f=T;k nqxquh gksrh gSA
O;kl dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Diameter)
(i) fdlh o`Ùk dh lekUrj thokvksa ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk ,d js[kk gksrh gS tks fd lekUrj thokvksa ds yEcor~ vkSj o`Ùk ds
dsUnz ls xqtjrh gSA ;g fcUnqiFk gh o`Ùk dk] mu lekUrj thokvksa ds lkis{k] O;kl dgykrk gSA
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dh lekUrj thokvksa] tks lehdj.k y  mx  c ls iznf'kZr gS] ;gk¡ c izkpky gS] ds lkis{k O;kl dk lehdj.k
x  my  0 gksxkA Li"Vr;k ;g O;kl o`Ùk ds dsUnz (0, 0) ls xqtjrk gS vkSj y  mx  c ls iznf'kZr thokvksa ds yEcor~ gSA
fdlh O;kl ds fljksa ij [khaph Lif'kZ;k¡ lekUrj thokvksa ds lekUrj gksrh gSA
e/; fcUnq ds inksa esa thok dk lehdj.k (Equation of a chord in terms of mid point)
o`Ùk S = 0 dh ml thok dk lehdj.k ftldk e/; fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) gks T  S1 gksrk gSA
(i) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds fy;s T  xx1  yy1  a 2 vkSj S1  x12  y12  a 2
(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx1  2 fy1  c  0 gks rc T  xx1  yy1  g ( x  x1 )  f ( y  y1 )  c
vkSj S  x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c
nks o`Ù k dh lkisf{kd fLFkfr (Relative position of two circles)
ekuk nks o`Ùk S1= 0 vkSj S2 = 0 gSa ftuds dsUnz Øe'k% C1 vkSj C2 rFkk f=T;k;sa r1 vkSj r2 gSa rc
(i) nksuksa o`Ùk vyx&vyx] ,d nwljs ds ckgj gksaxs ;fn C1C2  ( r1  r2 ) bl fLFkfr esa o`Ùk dkYifud fcUnqvksa ij feysaxsA
P
1
C
1
P
3
P
2
P
Q 4
4
T
Q 1
1
C Q
2 3
Q
2
T
2
(ii) nksuksa o`Ùk ckár% Li'kZ djsaxs ;fn C1C2  r1  r2
P
1
Q
1
T
1
C T
C 2 2
1
Q
2
P
2
(iii) nksuksa o`Ùk ijLij nks fHkUu vkSj okLrfod fcUnqvksa ij feysaxs ;fn r1  r2  C1C2  (r1  r2 )
T
C C 2
1 2
(iv) nksuksa o`Ùk ijLij var%Li'kZ djsaxs ;fn C1C2  r1  r2

T
2
C
2
C
1
(v) nksuksa o`Ùk dkYifud fcUnqvksa ij feysaxs vkSj ,d o`Ùk nwljs o`Ùk ds vUnj gksxk ;fn
C
1
C
2
nks o`Ùkksa ij mHk;fu"B Lif'kZ;k (Common tangents to two circle)

nks o`Ùkkssa dks lkFk&lkFk Li'kZ djus okyh js[kk;sa mudh mHk;fu"B Li'kZ js[kk;sa dgykrh gSaA nks o`Ùkksa ij mHk;fu"B Lif'kZ;ksa dh la[;k
budh lkisf{kr fLFkfr ds vuqlkj gksxhA
(i) ;fn ,d o`Ùk nwljs o`Ùk ds ckgj fLFkr gks] rc fp= ds vuqlkj o`Ùkksa dh pkj mHk;fu"B Lif'kZ;k¡ gksaxhA js[kk;sa PQ 1 1T2 vkSj
P2Q2T2 lh/kh Lif'kZ;ksa (direct tangent) vkSj P3T1Q3 o P4T1Q4 f=;dZ Lif'kZ;k¡ (transvers tangents) dgykrh gSA fcUnq T1 o
T2 dsUnzksa C1 o C2 dks feykus okys js[kk dks r1 : r2 ds vuqikr esa Øe'k% vUr% o cká foHkkftr djrs gSaA
bu Lif'kZ;ksa dk lehdj.k Kkr djus ds fy;s igys foHkktu lw= dh lgk;rk ls T1 o T2 ds funsZ'kkad Kkr djrs gSa fQj T1 o T2
ls tkus okyh js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k fcUnq izo.krk :i dh lgk;rk ls fy[kdj js[kk dks o`Ùk }kjk Li'kZ djus dk izfrcaèk yxkdj izo.krk
m ds eku Kkr djsaxs] ftUgsa js[kk ds lehdj.k esa j[kdj vHkh"V Lif'kZ;k¡ izkIr djsaxsA
(ii) tc nks o`Ùk ijLij ckár% Li'kZ djsaxs rc fp= ds vuqlkj rhu mHk;fu"B Lif'kZ;k¡ gksaxhA lh/kh Lif'kZ;ksa PQ 1 1T2 vkSj P2 Q2T2
ij lehdj.k Åij crkbZ fof/k ls Kkr djsaxs rFkk Li'kZ fcUnq T1 ij Li'khZ dk lehdj.k S1  S2  0 gksxkA ;gk¡ T1 , C1 C2 dks
var%:i ls r1 : r2 ds vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gSA bl izdkj ;fn C1 vkSj C2 ds funsZ'kkad Øe'k% ( x1 , y1 ) vkSj ( x2 , y2 ) gksa rc T1
rx r x r y r y 
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
ds funsZ'kkad  r  r , r  r  gksaxsA
 1 2 1 2 
(iii) tc nks o`Ùk ,d nwljs dks okLrfod rFkk vleku fcUnqvksa ij dkVsaxs rks fp= ds vuqlkj nks lh/kh mHk;fu"B Lif'kZ;k¡ gksaxh]
ftuds lehdj.k Åij nh fof/k ls Kkr djsaxsA
(iv) tc nks o`Ùk ijLij var%Li'kZ djsaxs rks fp= ds vuqlkj mu ij ,d mHk;fu"B Li'khZ gksxh tks o`Ùkksa ds Li'kZ fcUnq ij gh gksxhA
bl mHk;fu"B Li'khZ dk lehdj.k S1  S2  0 gksxkA ;gk¡ T1 , C1C2 dks r1 : r2 ds vuqikr esa ckár% foHkkftr djrk gSA ;fn C1
 r x r x r y r y 
1 2 2 1 1 2 1
o C2 ds funsZ'kkad Øe'k% ( x1 , y1 ) vkSj ( x2 , y2 ) gksa rc T1 ds funsZ'kkad  r  r , r  r  gksaxsA
 1 2 1 2 
mHk;fu"B thok dh lehdj.k vkSj yEckbZ (Equation and length of common chord)
tc nks o`Ùk S1  0 vkSj S2  0 ijLij nks okLrfod fcUnqvksa P o Q ij feyrs gksa rks thok PQ fn;s o`Ùkksa dh mHk;fu"B thok
(common chord) dgykrh gSA
C
1
P Q
M
bu o`Ùkksa dh mHk;fu"B thok dk lehdj.k S1  S 2  0 gksxk vkSj bldh yEckbZ  PQ  2. PM  2 r 2  ( )2

;gk¡  CM  ,d o`Ùk ds dsUnz C ls thok ij Mkys x;s yEc dh yEckbZ gSA
nks o`Ùkksa dk izfrPNsnu dks.k (Angle of intersection of two circles)
nks o`Ùkksa S1  0 vkSj S2  0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq P ij mudh Lif'kZ;ksa ds e/; dks.k gh bu o`Ùkksa ds e/; izfrPNsnu dks.k dgykrk
gSA
;fn o`Ùkksa S1  0 vkSj S2  0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq P ij mudh Lif'kZ;ksa ds e/; dks.k gh bu o`Ùkksa ds e/; izfrPNsnu dks.k dgykrk
gSA
;fn o`Ùkksa S1  0 vkSj S2  0 dh f=T;k;sa Øe'k% r1 o r2 rFkk buds dsUnzksa C1 rFkk C2 ds e/; nwjh d gks rc bu o`Ùkksa dk
izfrPNsnu dks.k  fuEu gksxk%&
 r 2  r22  d 2 
  cos 1  1 
 2r1r2 
r 90º r
1 2
C C
1 d 2
bl izdkj o`Ùkksa x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c1  0
(2 g1 g 2  2 f1 f 2  (c1  c2 ))
vkSj x 2  y 2  2 g 2 x  2 f 2 y  c2  0 ds e/; dks.k  gks rks cos  
2 g 2
1  f12  c1  g 2
2  f 22  c2 
nks o`Ùkksa ds ledksf.kd gksus dk izfrcU/k (Condition that two circles be orthoganal)
nks o`Ùkksa x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c1  0 vkSj x 2  y 2  2 g 2 x  2 f 2 y  c2  0
ijLij ledks.k ij dkVsaxs ;fn 2 g1 g 2  2 f1 f 2  c1  c2
nks o`Ùkksa ds lekdksf.kd gksu s dk T;kferh; izfrca/ k (Geometric condition for orthogonality of two circles)
;fn ,d o`Ùk ds dsUnz ls nwljs o`Ùk ij [khaph Li'khZ dh yEckbZ igys o`Ùk dh f=T;k ds cjkcj gks rks nksuksa o`Ùk ijLij ledks.k ij
dkVsaxsA fp= ls Li"V gS fd C1 ls S2  0 ij [khaph xbZ Li'khZ dh yEckbZ r1 ds cjkcj gSA
ewyk{k (Radical axis)
(i) ,d fcUnq ij fcUnqiFk] tks bl izdkj xeu djrk gS fd blls nks o`Ùkksa ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh yEckbZ leku jgs] mu
o`Ùkksa dk ewyk{k dgykrk gSA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa ,d js[kk nks o`Ùkksa dh ewyk{k gksxh ;fn blds izR;sd fcUnq ls nksuksa o`Ùkksa ij [khaph xbZ Lif'kZ;ksa dh yEckbZ leku jgsA
(ii) nks o`Ù kksa S1  x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c1  0 vkSj S 2  x 2  y 2  2 g 2 x  2 f 2 y  c2  0 dh ew y k{k dh lehdj.k
S1  S 2  0 vFkkZr~ 2( g1  g 2 ) x  2 x ( f1  f 2 ) y  c1  c2  0 gksaxhA ewyk{k dh lehdj.k fudkyrs le; nksuksa o`Ùk S1  0 o
S2  0 O;kid :i (general form) easa gksus pkfg;sA vFkkZr~ x 2 o y 2 d xq.kkad bdkbZ gksus pkfg;sA
okLro esa nks o`Ùkksa dh ewyk{k muds mHk;fu"B fcUnqvksa] okLrfod ;k dkYifud] ls tkus okyh js[kk gSa bl izdkj
(a) tc nks o`Ùk okLrfod fcUnqvksa ij dkVrs gksa rc o`Ùkksa dh mHk;fu"B thok gh mudh ewyk{k gksrh gSA
(b) tc nks o`Ùk ijLij Li'kZ djrs gksa rks muds mHk;fu"B fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk gh mudh ewyk{k gksrh gS vkSj
(c) tc nks o`Ùk okLrfod fcUnqvksa ij ugha feyrs rks ewyk{k o`Ùkksa ds dkYifud izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ls tkus okyh js[kk gksrh gSA
ewyk{k ds xq.k/keZ (Properties of radical axis)

(i) nks o`Ùkksa dk ewyk{k muds dsUnzksa dks feykus okyh js[kk ds yEcor~ gksrk gSA
(ii) rhu o`Ùkksa ds ewyk{k nks&nks dks ,d lkFk ysdj laxkeh gksrs gSa] c'krsZa fd rhuksa o`Ùkksa ds dsUnz lejs[kh; (collinear) ugha gksaA
(iii) ;fn nks o`Ùk fdlh rhljs o`Ùk dks ledks.k ij dkVrs gksa rks mudk ewyk{k rhljs o`Ùk ds dsUnz ls xqtjrk gSA
(iv) nks o`Ùkksa dk ewyk{k mu o`Ùkksa dh izR;sd mHk;fu"B Li'kZ js[kk dks lef}Hkkftr djrk gSA
ewy k{k dsUnz (Radical centre)
fn;s rhu o`Ùkksa dk ewyk{k dsUnz og fcUnq gksrk gS ftlls fd rhuksa o`Ùkksa ij [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa dh yEckbZ leku gksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa rhuksa
o`Ùkksa ds ewyk{k] nks&nks dks ,d lkFk ysdj] ftl fcUnq ij feyrs gSa og fcUnq fn;s o`Ùkksa dk ewyk{k dsUnz dgykrk gSA
;fn fn;s o`Ùk S1  0, S2  0 vkSj S3  0 gksa rks buds rhu ewyk{k S1  S2  0, S2  S3  0, S1  S3  0 gksaxsA budk izfrPNsn fcUnq
gh fn;s o`+Ùkksa dk ewyk{k dsUnz gksxk] tks fd fdUgha Hkh nks ewyk{kkvsa ds lehdj.kksa dks gy djds izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
,d o`Ùk dks ledks.k esa dkVus okyk o`Ùk (Circle intersecting a given circle orthogonally)
ekuk fn;k o`Ùk S  0 vkSj ekuk fdlh cká fcUnq P( x1 , y1 ) ls o`Ùk S  0 ij [khaph Li'khZ dh yEckbZ l gS rc fcUnq P ( x1 , y1 ) dks
dsUnz vkSj yEckbZ l dks f=T;k ysdj tks o`Ùk [khapk tk;sxk og fn;s o`Ùk S = 0 ledks.k ij dkVsxkA
nks o`Ùkksa dks ledks.k ij dkVus okyk o`Ùk (Circle intersecting two circles orthogonally)
ekuk nks o`Ùk S1  0 vkSj S2  0 gSa rFkk budh ewyk{k ij dksbZ fcUnq P gS] rc P ds dsUnz vkSj P ls bu o`Ùkksa ij [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa dh
yEckbZ dks f=T;k ekudj tks o`Ùk [khapk tk;sxk og o`+Ùk bu o`Ùkksa dks ledks.k ij dkVus okyk o`Ùk gksxkA
rhu o`Ùkksa dks ledks.k ij dkVus okyk o`Ùk (Circle intersecting three given circles orthogonally)
ekuk fn;s o`Ùk S1  0, S2  0 vkSj S3  0 gSa vkSj budk ewyk{k dsUnz P gS rc P dks dsUnz rFkk P ls fn;s o`Ùkksa ij [khaph Lif'kZ;ksa dh
yEckbZ dks f=T;k ekudj [khapk x;k o`Ùk fn;s o`Ùkksa dk ledks.k ij dkVsxkA ;g o`Ùk fn;s o`Ùkksa dk ewyk{k o`Ùk dgykrk gSA
egRoiw.kZ ifj.kke (Important Result)

(i) o`Ùk ( x cos   y sin   a )2  ( x sin   y cos   b) 2  k 2 dk dsUnz (a cos   b sin , a, a sin   b cos ) rFkk f=T;k
k gksxhA
(ii) ;fn nks fLFkj fcUnq A( x1 , y1 ) vkSj B ( x2 , y2 ) gksa rc fcUnq P dk fcUnqiFk tc  APB   gks] fuEu o`Ùk gksxk%&
( x  x1 ) ( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y2 )   cot {( x  x1 ) ( y  y2 )  ( y  y1 ) ( x  x 2 )}
(iii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 ds nks fcUnqvksa (a cos , a sin ) vkSj (a cos , a sin ) dks feykus okyh thok dk lehdj.k
      
x cos    y sin    a cos   gksxkA
 2   2   2 
(iv) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  a  0 }kjk js[kk y  mx  c ij dkaVs x;s vUr%[k.M dh yEckbZ
(1  m 2 ) ( g 2  f 2  d )  ( f  mg  c) 2
2 gksxkA
1  m2
(v) ;fn js[kk lx  my  n  0 o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dh ,d Li'khZ gks rks a 2 (l 2  m 2 )  n2 vkSj Li'kZ fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad
 a 2l a 2 m 
  ,
n  gksaxsA

 n
(vi) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 x  0 dh thok y  mx dks O;kl ekudj [khaps x;s o`Ùk dk lehdj.k (1  m2 ) ( x 2  y 2 )  2a( x  my )
(vii) ;fn o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 vkSj js[kk x cos   y sin   p ,d nwljs dks fcUnqvksa A vkSj B ij feyrs gksa rks AB dks O;kl ekudj
[khaps x;s o`Ùk dk lehdj.k x 2  y 2  a 2  2 p ( x cos   y sin   p )
2 2 a2
(viii) o`Ùk x  y  a dh mu thokvksa ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk tks dsUnz ij ledks.k varfjr djrh djrh gSa x  y 
2 2 2
2
gksxkA
(ix) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 dh mu thokvksa ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk tks ewy fcUnq ij ledks.k varfjr djrh gS%&
c
x 2  y 2  gx  fy  0
2
(x) fdlh f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa dks O;kl ekudj [khaps x;s o`Ùkksa dh mHk;fu"B thokvksa ¼ewyk{kksa½ dks izfrPNsn fcUnq f=Hkqt dk yEc
dsUnz gksrk gSA
a4
(xi) o`Ùk x  y  a ds fcUnq ( x1 , y1 ) ij [khaph Li'khZ vkSj funsZ'kh v{kksa ls cuus okys f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy 2 x y
2 2 2
1 1
oLrqfu"B iz'u: o`Ùk (Objective Questions: Circle)
01- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  ax  by  0 dh f=T;k gS%&
(a 2  b 2 ) 1 2
(1) 2
a b 2 (2) 2 a 2  b 2 (3) (4) a  b2
4 2
02- o`Ùk ( x  x1 ) ( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y2 ) dk dsUnz gS%&
(1) ( x1 , y1 ) (2) ( x2 , y2 )
 ( x1  x2 ) ( y1  y2 )   ( x1  x2 ) ( y1  y2 ) 
(3)  ,  (4)  , 
 2 2   2 2 
03- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  9  0 ds O;kl dh yEckbZ gS%&

(1) 3 (2) 8 (3) 4 (4) 6
04- ;fn o`Ùk ds nks O;klksa ds lehdj.k 2 x  y  5 rFkk x  2 y  0 gS ;fn o`Ùk dh f=T;k 3 gS rks o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gksxk%&
(1) ( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  32 (2) ( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  32
(3) ( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  32 (4) ( x  2) 2  ( y  1)2  32
05- ax 2  by 2  cx  dy  exy  f  0 o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS ;fn%&
(1) a  0, b  0, e  0 (2) a  0, b  0  e (3) a  0, b  0, e  0 (4) a  b  0, e  0
06- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  4 x  8 y  0 dh O;kl js[kk] tks ewy fcUnq ls xqtjrh gS] dk lehdj.k gS%&
(1) y  2 x (2) 2 y   x (3) y  2 x (4) 2 y  x
07- ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okys fdlh o`Ùk dk dsUnz ( p, q) gks rks lehdj.k gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  px  qy  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2 px  2qy  0
(3) x 2  y 2  2 px  2qy  0 (4) x 2  y 2  px  qy  0
08- ftl o`Ùk dk O;kl x  2 y  1 gks mldk dsUnz gks ldrk gS%&
(1) (1,  1) (2) (1, 1) (3) (1, 1) (4) (1, 1)
09- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  3  0 ds lgdsUnzh; ,oa 3 f=T;k okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  20  0 (2) x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0
(3) x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
10- ,d o`Ùk dk dsUnz ¼2] 1½ gS vkSj og o`Ùk fcUnq ¼6] 4½ ls gksdj tkrk gS rks o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy gksxk%&
(1) 5 (2) 10  (3) 25 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
11- js[kkvksa x cos   y sin   a rFkk x sin   y cos   b ds izfrPNsn fcUnq dk fcUnq iFk gksxk%&
(1) x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 (2) x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 (3) x 2  y 2  a 2  b2 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
12- ,d xfreku fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk ftldk ,d fLFkj fcUnq (, ) ls nwjh lnSo a gks] gksxk%&
(1) ( x  ) 2  ( y  ) 2  a 2 (2) ( x  ) 2  ( y  )2  a 2 (3) ( x  ) 2  ( y  ) 2  a 2 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

13- ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldk dsUnz ( a, b) gks rFkk y v{k dks Li'kZ djrk gS gksxk%&
(1) x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  b2  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  b2  0
(3) x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  a 2  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
14- ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldk dsUnz (3,  4) gS vkSj f=T;k 5 gS gksxk%&
(1) ( x  6) 2  ( y  8) 2  52 (2) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25
(3) ( x  3) 2  ( y  4) 2  25 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
15- ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k tks ewy fcUnq ls tkrk gS rFkk v{kksa dh /kukRed fn'kk ls Øe'k% 3 o 4 yEckbZ ds vUr%[k.M dkVrk gS gksxk%&
(1) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  0 (2) x 2  y 2  3x  4 y  0 (3) x 2  y 2  3 x  4 y  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
16- o`Ùk ftldh f=T;k 3 bdkbZ rFkk dsUnz r`rh; ikn esa fLFkr gks rFkk nksuksa v{kksa dks Li'kZ djrk gks mldk lehdj.k gksxk%&
(1) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  9  0 (2) x 2  y 2  6 x  6 y  9  0
(3) x 2  y 2  6 x  6 y  9  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
17- lehdj.k x 2  y 2  0 iznf'kZr djrk gS%&

(1) o`Ùk (2) ewy fcUnq (3) x &v{k (4) y &v{k
18- ;fn 3 x  4 y  4  0 vkSj 6 x  8 y  7  0 ,d gh o`Ùk dh Li'kZ js[kk,¡ gks rks o`Ùk dh f=T;k gksxh%&
3 3 11 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 10 10
19- ;fn fdlh o`Ùk dh f=T;k a gks rFkk ;g x  v{k dks ewy fcUnq ij Li'kZ djrk gS rks bldk lehdj.k gksxk%&
(1) x 2  y 2  2ax  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2ay  0 (3) x 2  y 2  ax  0 (4) x 2  y 2  ay  0
20- ,d o`Ùk nksuksa v{kksa dks Li'kZ djrk gS rFkk bldk dsUnz f}rh; pj.k esa gS ;fn mldh f=T;k 1 gks rks mldk lehdj.k gksxk%&
(1) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
(3) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0 (4) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
21 - ABCD ,d oxZ gS ftldh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ a gS AB vkSj AD dks v{k ekuus ij ifjo`Ùk ABCD dk lehdj.k gksxk%&
(1) x 2  y 2  a( x  y )  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2a( x  y )  0
(3) x 2  y 2  a( x  y )  0 (4) x 2  y 2  2a( x  y )  0
22- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  9 ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad gS%&
(1) (9cos , 9sin ) (2) (cos , sin ) (3) (3cos , 3sin ) (4) (9sin , 9cos )
23- rhu vlejs[kh; fcUnqvksa ls tkus okys fdrus o`Ùk [khaps tk ldrs gSa%&
(1) rhu o`Ùk (2) dsoy ,d o`Ùk (3) vuar o`Ùk (4) dksbZ o`Ùk ugha
24- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 rFkk x  v{k ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ds Hkqtksa dk lekUrj ek/; gS%&
(1) g (2)  g (3) f (4)  f
25- o`Ùk x  y  2 x  4 y  3  0 ds vUnj ,d oxZ [khapk x;k gS ftldh Hkqtk,¡ funsZ'kh v{kksa ds lekUrj gS oxZ dk ,d 'kh"kZ gS%&
2 2
(1) ( 2  1,  2) (2) (1,  2  2) (3) (2,  1) (4) (0,  4)
26- js[kkvksa x  0, y  0, x  2a ,oa y  2a ls cus oxZ ds vUr%Li'khZ o`Ùk dk dsUnz gS%&

(1) (0, 0) (2) (a, 0) (3) (0, a) (4) ( a, a )
27- a ds fdl eku ds fy, fcUnq (0, 0),(1,0),(0, 2) rFkk (0, a) ,d o`Ùkh; gS%&
(1) 0] 1 (2) 0] 2 (3) &1] 2 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
28- ;fn fcUnq (2, 1) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  c  0 ds vUnj fLFkr gks rks c  1 cjkcj gS%&
(1) 'kwU; (2) /kukRed (3) _.kkRed (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
29- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  6 x  6 y  0 ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ds izkpfyd funsZ'kkad gSa%&
(1) (3  3cos , 3  3sin ) (2) ( 3  3cos , 3  3sin )
(3) (3  3 2 cos , 3  3 2 sin ) (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
30- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ,d fcUn` o`Ùk (point circle) gksxk ;fn%&
(1) g 2  f 2  c (2) g 2  f 2  c (3) g 2  f 2  c (4) g 2  f 2  c 2
a(1  t 2 ) 2at
31- izkpfyd lehdj.k x  2
,y iznf'kZr djrh gS%&
1 t 1 t2
(1) ,d o`Ùk (2) js[kk ;qXe (3) ijoy; (4) nh?kZ o`Ùk
32- lehdj.k x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 tgk¡ g 2  f 2  c gks ml o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djsxk ftldk%&

(1) dsUnz okLrfod o f=T;k okLrfod gks (2) dsUnz o f=T;k nksuksa dkYifud gks
(3) dsUnz okLrfod o f=T;k dkYifud gks (4) dsUnz dkYifud o f=T;k okLrfod gks
33- ,d o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, fdrus Lora= T;kfefr; izfrcU/kksa dh vko';drk gksxh%&
(1) flQZ ,d (2) vf/kdre rhu (3) Bhd rhu (4) de ls de rhu
34- o`Ùk ax 2  ay 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 x  v{k dks dHkh ugha feysxk ;fn%&
(1) g 2  ac (2) g 2  ac (3) g 2  ac (4) c  0
35- js[kk y  mx  c o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dks nks okLrfod fcUnqvksa ij dkVsxh ;fn%&
(1) c 2  a 2 (1  m 2 ) (2) c 2  a 2 (1  m 2 ) (3) c  a(1  m2 ) (4) c  a (1  m 2 )
36- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  r 2 ds fcUnq (h, k ) ij Li'kZ js[kk v{kksa dks P o Q ij feyrh gS rc  OPQ dk {ks=Qy gksxk%&
r2 r4 r2 r4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
hk hk 2hk 2hk
37- ;fn fdlh o`Ùk dk dsUnz (3,  2) gS vkSj ljy js[kk 2 x  5 y  13  0 ij 8 bZdkbZ dk var%[k.M dkVrk gS rks bl o`Ùk dh f=T;k gksxh%&
45
(1) 6 5 (2) 2 5 (3) (4) 3 5
2
38- js[kk 4 x  3 y  25  0 ds lekUrj js[kk tks o`Ùk x  y  25 dks Li'kZ djrh gS gksxh%&
2 2
(1) 4 x  3 y  15 (2) 4 x  3 y  25 (3) 4 x  3 y  5 (4) 4 x  3 y  5  0
39- x 2  y 2  64 dks Li'kZ djus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k tks x v{k ds lkFk 45 dk dks.k cukrh gS] gksxh%&
(1) x  y  2  0 (2) x  y  4 2  0 (3) x  y  8 2  0 (4) x  y  8 2  0
40- fcUnq (3, 4) ls o`Ùk x 2  y 2  x  4 y  0 ij [khaph xbZ nks Li'kZ js[kk,¡ gSa%&
(1) okLrfod o vleku (2) dkYifud (3) laikrh (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
41- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  16 dh Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k tks y  v{k ds lekUrj gS%&
(1) x  0 (2) x  4 (3) y  0 (4) y  4
42- ;fn ljy js[kk 3 x  4 y  k  0 o`Ùk x 2  y 2  x  0 dks Li'kZ djs rks k dk eku gS%&
(1) 8 (2) 4 (3) &8 (4) &4
x y
43- ljy js[kk p  q  1 o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dks Li'kZ djsa rks%&
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(1) 2
 2 2 (2) 2
 2  2 (3) 2
 2 2 (4) p 2  q 2  a 2
p q a p q a a q p
44- x 2  y 2  16 dh ijLij yEcor~ Li'kZ js[kkvksa ds izfrPNsn fcUnq dk fcUnq iFk gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  8 (2) x  y  16 (3) x  y  32 (4) x 2  y 2  32
45- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  4 ds fu;ked o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  4 (2) x 2  y 2  16 (3) x 2  y 2  8 (4) x 2  y 2  2
46- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12 ds ml Li'khZ dk lehdj.k tks js[kk 3 x  4 y  5  0 ds lekUrj gS] gksxk%&
(1) 3 x  4 y  25  0 (2) 3 x  4 y  24  0 (3) 4 x  3 y  19  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
47- o`Ùk 3( x 2  y 2 )  6 x  4 y  0 ds fcUnq (0, 0) ij vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k gksxk%&
(1) 3 x  2 y  0 (2) 2 x  3 y  0 (3) 2 x  3 y  0 (4) 3 x  2 y  0
48- js[kk y  x  2a o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dks fdl fcUnq ij Li'kZ djrh gS%&
 a a   a a   a a   a a 
(1)  ,  (2)   ,  (3)   ,  (4)  , 
 2 2  2 2  2 2  2 2
49- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  1 rFkk ( x  3) 2  ( y  1) 2  9 dh mHk;fu"B Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh la[;k gS%&

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
50- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  d  0 dh ifjf/k dks lef}Hkkftr djrk gS rks
(1) 2a ( g  a)  2b( f  b)  c  d (2) 2 g ( g  a)  2 f ( f  b)  d  c
(3) 2 a ( g  a )  2b( f  b )  c  d (4) 2 g ( g  a)  2 f ( f  b)  c  d
51- o`Ùkksa x  y  2 rFkk x  y  4 x  4 y  6  0 ckár% Li'kZ djrs gSa rc mHk;fu"B Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k gS
2 2 2 2
(1) x  y  2 (2) x  y  8  0 (3) x  y  2  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
52- ;fn o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 fcUnq (4,  2) ls xqtjrk gS vkSj o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0 ds ladsUnzh; gS rks c
dk eku gksxk%&
(1) 4 (2) 4 (3) 0 (4) 1
53- ,d o`Ùk dh f=T;k 4 gS vkSj funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks igys ikn esa Li'kZ djrk gS rc o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  16  0 (2) x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  16  0
(3) x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  16  0 (4) x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  16  0
54- ,d o`Ùk ewy fcUnq ls xqtjrk gS rFkk js[kkvksa y   x ls 2 bZdkbZ ds vUr%[k.M dkVrk gSA ;fn bldk dsUnz x  v{k ij fLFkr gks
rks o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  2 x  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2 y  0 (3) x 2  y 2  x  y  0 (4) x 2  y 2  x  y  0
55- o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldh f=T;k 3 gks rFkk tks o`Ùk x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0 dks fcUnq (1,  1) ij vUr%Li'kZ djs gksxh%&
2 2
 4  7 2
(1) ( x  8) 2  ( y  1) 2  32 (2)  x     y    3
 5   5 
2 2
 4  7 2
(3)  x     y    3 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
 5  5
56- ewy fcUnq ls tkus okys rFkk funsZ'kh v{kksa ls $3 yEckbZ ds vUr%[k.M dkVus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  3 x  3 y  0 (2) x 2  y 2  3x  3 y  0 (3) x 2  y 2  3 x  3 y  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
57- ,d o`Ùk x o y  v{kksa ls Øe'k% 2a o 2b yEckbZ ds vUr%[k.M dkVrk gqvk viuh fLFkfr yxkrkj cny jgk gS bl o`Ùk ds dsUnz
dk fcUnq iFk gS%&
(1) x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 (2) y 2  x 2  a 2  b2 (3) x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 (4) x 2  y 2  a 2  b2
58- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dh Li'kZ js[kkvksa }kjk funsZ'kh v{kksa ds e/; var%[kf.Mr Hkkxksa ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnq iFk gS%&
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4
(1) 2
 2  a (2) 2
 2  2 (3) 2
 2  2 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
x y x y a x y a
59- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 }kjk js[kk y  mx  c ij dkVk x;k vUr%[k.M 2l gks rks c 2 cjkcj gS%&
(1) (1  m2 ) (a 2  l 2 ) (2) (1  m 2 ) ( a 2  l 2 ) (3) (1  m 2 ) ( a 2  l 2 ) (4) (1  m 2 ) ( a 2  l 2 )
60- js[kk 2 x  3 y  6 dk o`Ùk x 2  y 2  5 ds lkis{k /kqzo gS%&
5 5  5 5   5 5  5 5 
(1)  ,  (2)  ,  (3)  ,  (4)  , 
3 2  3 2  2 3  2 3
61- ljy js[kk x  2 y  1 o`Ùk x 2  y 2  9 dks ftu fcUnqvksa ij feyrh gS mu fcUnqvksa ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kkvksa dk izfrPNsn fcUnq
gS%&
(1) (9, 18) (2) (9, 18) (3) (9, 18) (4) (3, 6)
62- ;fn o`Ùk x  y  a ds fdlh fcUnq ls o`Ùk x  y  b ij Li'kZ js[kk;sa [khaph tk;sa vkSj mudh Li'kZ thok o`Ùk x  y  c 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
dks Li'kZ djrh gks rks a, b, c gksaxs%&

(1) lekUrj Js.kh esa (2) xq.kksÙkj Js.kh esa (3) gjkRed Js.kh esa (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
63- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  6 x  16  0 o x 2  y 2  8 y  9  0 dh mHk;fu"B thok dh yEckbZ gS%&
3 5 3
(1) 5 (2) (3) 10 3 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2 2
64- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  13  0 rFkk x 2  y 2  12 x  14 y  76  0 dh mHk;fu"B fr;dZ Li'kZ js[kkvksa dk izfrPNsn fcUnq gS%&
 9 26   2
(1)  ,  (2) ( 9,  26) (3)  3,  (4) ( 15,  2)
5 5   5
Answer : (Circle)
Qus. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans 4 3 2 2 4 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 2
Qus. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 1
Qus. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans 1 3 3 3 1 4 4 2 4 1 2 2 1 4 3
Qus. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 4 3 2 1
Qus. 61 62 63 64
Ans 3 2 4 1
Study Material for II Grade RPSC Mathematics o`Ùk
Circle 28
iwoZ ijh{kkvksa esa iqNs x;s iz'u (Previous year Examination Questions)
 1 
01- ;fn  mi , m  , i  1,2,3,4 mi  0 pkj fofHkUu fcUnq ,d o`Ùk ij gksa rks m1m2 m3m4 dk eku gS%& H-TET 2008
 i 
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 1 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

02- ;fn ,d o`Ùk dk lehdj.k x + y = 36 fn;k x;k gS rks ml thok dh yEckbZ tks js[kk 3x + 4y – 15 = 0 ij fLFkr gS
2 2
If the equation of a given circle is = 0 is x2 + y2 = 36 then the length of the chord which lies along the line 3x + 4y
– 15 = 0 is S. TET 2009
(1) 3 6 (2) 2 3 (3) 6 3 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
03- x + y = a dh  vkSj  >qdko j[kus okyh Lif'kZ;k¡ P ij dkVrh gSA ;fn cot  + cot  = 0 rks P dk fcUnqiFk gS
2 2 2
The tangents to x2 + y2 = a2 having inclination  and  intersect at P, cot  + cot  = 0 then the focus of P is
S. TET 2009
(1) x + y = 0 (2) x – y = 0 (3) x y = 0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
04- o`Ùk x + y – 6x + 8 = 0 dh js[kk y = x esa izfrPNk;k gS&
2 2
Image of the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 8 = 0 in the line y = x is S. TET 2009

(1) x2 + y2 + 6x + 8 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 6y + 8 = 0 (3) x2 + y2 – 6y + 8 = 0 (4) buesa ls dkbZ ugha
05- mu okLrfod Lif'kZ;ksa dh la[;k tks fcUnq (2, 2) ls o`Ùk x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 3 = 0 ij [khaph tk ldrh gS
The number of real tangents that can be drawn from (2, 2) to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 3 = 0 isS. TET 2009
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
06- o`Ùk 2x2 + 2y2 + 16x + 20y – 16 = 0 ds dsUnz o f=T;k gksaxs&
Centre and radius of the circle 2x2 + 2y2 + 16x + 20y – 16 = 0 be
(1) (–4, –5); 7 (2) (–8, –10); 14 (3) (4, 5); 7 (4) (8, 10); 14
07- ;fn lehdj.k ax + by + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ,d o`Ùk dks fu:fir djrk gS] rks 'krZ gksxh
2 2
SSC INVESTIGATOR 2010

If the equation ax2 + by2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle, the condition will be
(1) a = b vkSj c = 0 (2) f = g vkSj h = 0
(3) a = b vkSj h = 0 (4) f = g vkSj c = 0
08- x-v{k ij 5 ,dd yackbZ ds var%[k.M dkVus ds fy, fcUnq (2, 0) ls xqtjrs gq, o`Ùk [khaps x, gSaA ;fn muds dsUnz igys ikn
esa gksa] rks mudk lehdj.k gS& SSC INVESTIGATOR 2010
Circles are drawn through the point (2, 0) to cut intercept of length 5 units on the x-axis. If their centres lie in the first
quadrant, then their equation is
(1) x2 + y2 – 9x + 2ky = –14 (2) 3x2 +3y2 + 27x – 2ky + 42 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 – 9x – 2ky + 14 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 2kx – 9y + 14 = 0
09- lehdj.k x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 5 = 0 fu:fir djrk gS& SSC INVESTIGATOR 2010
The equation x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 5 = 0 represents
(1) 'kwU;srj f=T;k okys o`Ùk dks a circle of non-zero radius (2) _tq js[kkvksa ds ;qXe dks a pair of straight lines
(3) nh?kZo`Ùk dks an ellipse (4) ,d fcUnq dks a point
10- k ds fdlh eku ds fy, o`Ùk x + y – 3x + ky – 5 = 0 vkSj 4x + 4y2 – 12x – y – 9 = 0 ladsUnzh gks tk,¡xs\
2 2 2

2 2 2 2
The value of k for which the circles x + y – 3x + ky – 5 = 0 and 4x + 4y – 12x – y – 9 = 0 become concentric
is
(1) –1/4 (2) 1/4 (3) 1/2 (4) –1/2
11- o`Ùk x + y + 6x – 4y + 4 = 0 dk dsUnz vkSj f=T;k gS&
2 2
The centre and radius of the circle x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y + 4 = 0 is
(1) (–3, 2), 3 (2) (–3, 2), 6 (3) (–3, 4), 3 (4) (–3, 4), –3
12- fdlh o`Ùk x2  y 2  4 ij fcUnq (–2, 3) ls [khaph Li'kZ js[kk (tangent) dh yEckbZ gS [II Grade 2010]
(1) 3 bdkbZ (2) 5 bdkbZ (3) 9 bdkbZ (4) 14 bdkbZ
13- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 dh fcUnqvksa (0, 0) rFkk ( g , f ) ds lkis{k Li'kZ thokvksa ds e/; nwjh gksxh%&
[II Grade 2010]
1 2 g2  f 2  c g2  f 2  c
2
(1) ( g  f  c) (2) g 2  f 2 (3) (4)
2 2 g2  f 2 2 g2  f 2
14- ;fn o`Ùk] ewy fcUnq ls xqtjrk gS rFkk funsZ'kh v{kksa ls a o b vUr[k.M dkVrk gS rks o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gksxk%&
[II Grade 2011]
(1) x 2  y 2  ax  by  c  0 (2) x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
(3) x 2  y 2  ax  by  0 (4) x 2  y 2  ax  by  c  0
15- ;fn o`Ùk x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  11  0 ds ,d O;kl dk ,d fljk (3, 4) gS] rks mldk nwljk fljk gksxk%&
[I Grade 2012]
(1) (0, 0) (2) (1, 1) (3) (1, 2) (4) (2, 1)
16- ekuk js[kkvksa ax+ by – a = 0 rFkk bx – ay + b = 0 dk çfrPNsn fcUnq P gSA ,d o`Ùk ftldk dsUæ (1,0) gS] P ls xqtjrk
gSA bl o`Ùk ds fcUnq P ij Li'kZ js[kk] x –v{k dks fcUnq (d, 0) ij feyrh gks] rks d = [II Grade 2014]
2ab
(1) 0 (2) – 1 (3) 1 (4)
a  b2 2
17- o`Ùk x2 + y2 + 4x + 22y + c = 0, o`Ùk x2 + y2 – 2x + 8y – d = 0 dh ifjf/k dks lef}Hkkftr djrk gS] rks c + d =
[II Grade 2014]
(1) 50 (2) 40 (4) 30 (4) 25
18- (1, 2) ij dsUnz vkSj (4, 6) ls xqtjus okys o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy gS&
The area of the circle centred at (1, 2) and passing through (4, 6) is PGT 2014
(1) 5  (2) 10  (3) 25 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
19- o`Ùkksa x + y = 4 rFkk x + y – 6x – 8y – 24 = 0 dh mHk;fu"B Li'kZjs[kkvksa dh la[;k gS %
2 2 2 2
K.V. 2017
2 2 2 2
The number of common tangents to the circles x + y = 4 and x + y – 6x – 8y – 24 = 0 is:
(1) 4 (2) 0 (3) 1 (4) 2
20- o`Ùk x + y = 9 dh Li'kZjs[kk dk lehdj.k tks js[kk 3x + 4y = 0 ds lekUrj gks] gS&%
2 2
K.V. 2017
2 2
The equations of the tangents to the circle x + y = 9 which are parallel to line 3x + 4y = 0 are:
(1) 3x + 4y + 45 = 0 (2) 3x + 4y + 15 = 0 (3) 4x + 3y + 15 = 0 (4) 4x – 3y + 15 = 0
21- o`Ùk x + y – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 ds fcUnq (4, 2) ls ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k gS%
2 2
K.V. 2017
2 2
Equation of the tangent drawn to the circle x + y – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 at (4, 2) is:
(1) x = 4 (2) 4x + 2y = 1 (3) x + y = 4 (4) y = 4
22- nks o`Ùkksa x + y + 2g1x + 2f1y + c1= 0 vkSj x + y + 2g2x + 2f2y + c2 = 0 dk izfrPNsnu ykafcd gksxk ;fn%%K.V. 2017
2 2 2 2
Two circles x2 + y2 + 2g1x + 2f1y + c1= 0 and x2 + y2 + 2g2x + 2f2y + c2 = 0 intersect orthogonally if:
(1) 2g1f1 – 2g2f2 = c1 – c2 (2) 2g1g2 – 2f1f2 = c1 – c2
(3) 2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2 (4) 2g1f1 + 2g2f2 = c1 + c2
1   1
23- o`Ùk x2 + y2 – 2 x  y  0 dh fHkUu&fHkUu thokvksa dh la[;k gksxh tks fcUnq  2, 2  ls xqtjrh gS rFkk x-v{k ls
2  
lef}Hkkftr gksrh gS\ RPSC II Grade 30 July, 2017
1  1
Number of distinct chords of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x  y  0 passes through the point  2,  and bisected by
2  2
x-axis is
(1) ,d one (2) vuUr infinite (3) 'kwU; zero (4) nks two
24- ml o`Ùk dh f=T;k tks (x ± + (y ± 1) = 1 }kjk fu:fir o`Ùkksa dks Li'kZ djrk gS] gksxh
1)2 2
RPSC II Grade 30 July, 2017

2 2
The radius of circle, which touches the circles given by (x ± 1) + (y ± 1) = 1 is
(1) ( 2  1) bdkbZ unit (2) 2 bdkbZ unit (3) 2 2 bdkbZ unit (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
25- fcUnq (a cos  + b sin , a sin  – b cos ) fLFkr gS\ RPSC II Grade 30 July, 2017
The point (a cos  + b sin , a sin  – b cos ) lies on
(1) nh?kZo`Ùk ij ellipse (2) ijoy; ij parabola
(3) vfrijoy; ij hyperbola (4) o`Ùk ij circle
26 nks o`Ùkksa x + y + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 ,oa x + y + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 ds e/; mHk;fu"B thok dh yEckbZ gS&
2 2 2 2
RPSC II Grade 2018

The length of the common chord of the circles x2 + y2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 is
9 3
(1) (2) 2 2 (3) 3 2 (4)
2 2
27- ewy fcUnq ls gksdj tkus okys ,d o`Ùk dk lehdj.k x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y = 0 gSA bl o`Ùk ds ,d O;kl dk lehdj.k gS&
The equation of a circle passing through the origin is x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y = 0. The equation of one of its diameter is
K.V. Dec. 2018
(1) x + 3y = 0 (2) x + y = 0 (3) x + y (4) 3x +y = 0
28- oØ ftlds izR;sd fcUnq ij vfHkyac ,d fuf'pr fcUnq ls xqtjrk gS] gS&
The curve for which the normal at every point passes through a fixed point is a K.V. Dec. 2018
(1) ljy js[kkvksa dk ,d ;qXe pair of straight line (2) ,d o`Ùk circle
(3) ,d ijoy; parabola (4) ,d nh?kZo`Ùk ellipse
29 . o`Ùkksa ds dsUnzksa dk fcUnqiFk] tks ewyfcUnq ls xqtjrk gS rFkk js[kk y = 4 ls 6 yEckbZ dkVrk gS] gS&
U.P. II Grade 29 July, 2018
The locus of the centres of circles, that passes through the origin and cuts off a length 6 from the line y = 4
(1) x2 – 8y + 25 = 0 (2) x2 – 8y – 25 = 0 (3) x2 + 8y – 25 = 0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
30 ;fn js[kk,¡ 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 ,oa 6x – 8y – 7 = 0 ,d o`Ùk dh Li'kZ js[kk,¡ gSa] rc o`Ùk dh f=T;k----------- gS& MP TET 2019
If the lines 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 and 6x – 8y – 7 = 0 are the tangents to a circle, then the radius of the circle is........
4 11 3 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 5 2 4
31. js[kk 3x – 4y =  o`Ùk x + y – 4x – 8y – 5 0 dks Li'kZ djrh gS] rc  dk eku gS&
2 2 MP TET 2019
2 2
The line 3x – 4y =  touches circle x + y – 4x – 8y – 5 = 0 then the value of  =
(1) –15 ;k – 35 (2) –15 ;k 35 (3) 15 ;k – 35 (4) 15 ;k 35
32. o`Ùk (x + y = 4) ,oa (x + y – 6x – 8y = 24) ij lka>s Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh la[;k&
2 2 2 2 Chandigarh (TGT)2019
2 2 2 2
the number of common tangents to the circles (x + y = 4) and (x + y – 6x – 8y = 24) is
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 3 (4) 4
33. js[kk 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 ds o`Ùk (circle) x + y – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 ds chp ds laidZ dk fcUnq gS&Chandigarh (TGT)2019
2 2
The point of contact between the line 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 and the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 – 0 is

(1) (1, 1) (2) (–1, –1) (3) (2, 2) (4) (–2, –2)
34. ;fn js[kk 3x – 4y = m, o`Ùk x2 + y2 = 4x + 8y + 5 dks nks fHkUu fcUnqvksa ijk izfrPNsn djs] rks&
If the line 3x – 4y = m, intersects the circle x2 + y2 = 4x + 8y + 5 in two distinct points, then H-TET 2019
(1) –85 < m < –35 (2) –35 < m < 15 (3) 15 < m < 65 (4) 35 < m < 85
35. ;fn o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz (2, –1) gks] ml ij Li'kZ js[kk 3x + y = 0 gS] rc blh o`Ùk ij ewy fcUnq ls vU; Li'kZ js[kk gS&
If 3x + y = 0 is tangent to the circle with centre (2, –1), then the equation of another tangent to the same circle from
origin is H-TET 2019
(1) x + 3y = 0 (2) 3x – y = 0 (3) x – 3y = 0 (4) x + y = 0
36. a f=T;k okys pkj leku o`Ùk prqFkka'kksa esa bl izdkj j[ks x, gSa fd os x rFkk y v{kksa dks Li'kZ djsaA lHkh pkjksa o`Ùkksa dks Li'kZ
djus okys o`Ùk dh f=T;k gksxh&
There are four equal circles of radius a placed in four quadrants such that they touch x and y axes. The radius of
the circle, which touches all the four circles is RPSC I Grade 2020
(1) a / 2 (2) a 2 (3) a 2  a (4) 2 2a  a
37. ;fn x + y – 4 = 0, x – 1 = 0; y – 2 = 0, ,d f=Hkqt dh rhu Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k gSa rks cká o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gksxk&
RPSC I Grade 2020
If equations of three sides of a triangle are x + y – 4 = 0, x – 1 = 0; y – 2 = 0, then equation of circumcircle is
(1) x2 + y2 – 3x – 5y + 8 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 5x – 3y + 8 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y – 4x – 3y – 8 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 3x – 4y – 8 = 0
38. nks o`Ùk] x rFkk y v{kksa dks Li'kZ djrs gSaA nksuksa o`Ùk ijLij cká :i ls ,d nwljs dks Li'kZ djrs gSa buesa ls ,d o`Ùk nwljs ls
cM+k gSA ;fn cM+s o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy  oxZ bdkbZ gks rks nwljs o`Ùk dk {ks=Qy gksxk& RPSC I Grade 2020
There are two circles touching both x and y axes. Both circles touch each other externally, one of the circle is bigger
than the other. If are of bigger circle is  square units, then area of another circle is
(1)  ( 2  1) 2 oxZ bdkbZ square units (2)  ( 2  1) 4 oxZ bdkbZ square units
(3) 2 ( 2  1) 2 oxZ bdkbZ square units (4) 4 ( 2  1) 4 oxZ bdkbZ square units
39. dsUnz (0, 0) rFkk js[kk 2x + 3y = 5 Li’khZ okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS& [UP TGT 08.08.21]
Equation of a circle, with centre (0, 0) and 2x + 3y = 5 as a tangent, is
(1) x2 + y2 = 5 (2) x2 + y2 + 2x = 25 (3) x2 + y2 + y = 25 (4) 13x2 + 13y2 = 25
40. ;fn lx + my + n = 0, ,d o`Ùk x + y = a ds fy, vfHkyac gks rks fQj
2 2 2
[DSSB 2021]
(1) n = a2 (2) n = 1 (3) n = 0 (4) n = a
41. o`Ùk x + y – 2x = 0 }kjk js[kk y = x ij var%[k.M AB gSA o`Ùk] ftldk O;kl AB gks dk lehdj.k gS&
2 2
[UP TGT 08.08.21]
The intercept on the line y = x by the circle x + y – 2x = 0 is AB. Equation of circle with AB as diameter is
2 2
(1) x2 + y2 = 1 (2) x2 + y2 = 2 (3) x2 + y2 – x – y = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 3x – 3y + 4 = 0

42. ;fn lehdj.k x + y + (c – 2) xy – 4x – 4y + c = 0 ,d o`Ùk fu:fir djsa] rks bldh f=T;k gS&
2 2 2
If the equation x2 + y2 + (c – 2) xy – 4x – 4y + c2 = 0 represents a circle, then its radius is [UP TGT 08.08.21]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 5
43. o`Ùk (x – 1) + (y – 3) = r vkSj x + y – 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 nks fofHkUu fcUnqvksa ij izfrPNsnu djrs gSaAfuEufyf[kr esa dkS u lgh
2 2 2 2 2
gS& [UP PGT 18.08.21]

The circles (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = r2 and x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 intersect at two distinct points. Which of the fol-
lowing is correct?
(1) r = 1 (2) r < r < 1 (3) r < 2 (4) 2 < r < 8
44. ljy js[kk,¡ 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 vkSj 6x – 8y + 13 = 0 ,d gh o`Ùk dh nks Lif'kZ;k¡ gSaA o`Ùk dh f=T;k gS& [UP PGT 18.08.21]
The straight lines 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 and 6x – 8y + 13 = 0 are tangents to the same circle. The radius of the circle is
1 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) 2
2 4 2
Answer : (Circle)
Qus. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans 2 3 3 2 1 1 3 3 4 1 1 1 4 3 3
Qus. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans 2 1 3 3 2 1 3 1 1 4 2 1 2 3 4
Qus. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans 3 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 4 3 3 2 4 2
About the Faculty
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lEiw.kZ xf.kr ds “izf'k{kd””ftuds v/;kiu dh fof/k ,sl h gS fd fo|kFkhZ fo"k; esa Lo;a dks vk'oLr vkSj lq [ kn fLFkfr esa eglwl djrs
gSaA ;s xf.kr dh tfVy leL;kvksa dks lk/kkj.k vkSj ljy rjhdksa ls gy djus dh vk'p;Ztud izfrHkk ds /kuh gaSA fo"k; dh xgu vkSj
=qfV jfgr tkudkjh ds lkFk oLrqfu"B iz'uks a dks gy djus ds fy;s fofHkUu fVIl] fVª Dl vkSj 'kkVZdV rjhdksa ds vk/kkj ij bUgks aus xf.kr
fo"k; ds v/;kiu ds {ks= es a viuk fo'ks" k LFkku cuk j[kk gSA buesa fo"k; ds ew yHkwr rF;ksa vkSj fl/nkrkSsa dks ljy vkSj Li"V rjhds ls vius
fo|kfFkZ; ksa esa lEiszf"kr djus dh vlk/kkj.k ;ksX;rk gSA buds ekxZn'kZu vkSj v/;kiu ls vusdksa fo|kFkhZ IIT-JEE, AIEEE lfgr vU;
bathuh;fjax izos'k ijh{kkvkas ,oa RPSC dh Ist Grade, IInd Grade ijh{kkvks esa p;fur gks pq ds gaSA SSC, UPSC dh ijh{kkvksa esa Hkh
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laLFkkvksa ls Hkh tqM+s jgs gSaA
;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fgrksa ds fy;s lnSo rRij jgrs gSa vkSj feyulkj izo`fr ds gSaA ;s u dsoy fo"k; dks lq/ kkjus dh {kerk j[krs gaS cfYd fo|kFkhZ
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Sr.Teacher Grade II RPSC

TWO DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY II

(-h, -k) (h, -k)

(b) f}rh; ikn esa o`Ùk] tc dsUnz (h, k ) gks ( x  h)2  ( y  k ) 2  k 2

(-h, -k) (h, -k)

bl o`Ùk dh Hkh pkj fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh gks fuEu gSa%&

bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz ( a, 0) gksxk bldh fuEu nks fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh

bl o`Ùk dk dsUnz ( a,  a) gksxkA bldh fuEu pkj fLFkfr;k¡ gksaxh%&

(a) izFke ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0

(a) izFke ikn esa fLFkr o`Ùk ( x  a) 2  ( y  a) 2  a 2 ;k x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0

(-r, -r) (r, -r)

(-2r, -r) (2a, -a)

AP  AC  r  U;wure nwjh vkSj AQ  AC  r  vf/kdre nwjh

(ii) Li'kZ djsaxs ;fn  r

(ii) o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ij m ds inksa esa Li'khZ dk lehdj.k

(i) x 2  y 2  a 2 gks x12  y12  a 2 gksxhA

(ii) x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 gks x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c gksxhA

;fn fcUnq P fn;s o`Ùk ds ckgj gks rc PQ . PR  PT 2

(v) js[kk y  y1  m( x  x1 ) dks js[kk ( x1 , y1 ) ij Li'kZ djus okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k

(iv) nksuksa o`Ùk ijLij var%Li'kZ djsaxs ;fn C1C2  r1  r2

nks o`Ùkksa ij mHk;fu"B Lif'kZ;k (Common tangents to two circle)

bu o`Ùkksa dh mHk;fu"B thok dk lehdj.k S1  S 2  0 gksxk vkSj bldh yEckbZ  PQ  2. PM  2 r 2  ( )2

ewyk{k ds xq.k/keZ (Properties of radical axis)

egRoiw.kZ ifj.kke (Important Result)

02- o`Ùk ( x  x1 ) ( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y2 ) dk dsUnz gS%&

03- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  9  0 ds O;kl dh yEckbZ gS%&

(3) ( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  32 (4) ( x  2) 2  ( y  1)2  32

05- ax 2  by 2  cx  dy  exy  f  0 o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS ;fn%&

(1) a  0, b  0, e  0 (2) a  0, b  0  e (3) a  0, b  0, e  0 (4) a  b  0, e  0

(1) y  2 x (2) 2 y   x (3) y  2 x (4) 2 y  x

(1) x 2  y 2  px  qy  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2 px  2qy  0

(3) x 2  y 2  2 px  2qy  0 (4) x 2  y 2  px  qy  0

09- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  3  0 ds lgdsUnzh; ,oa 3 f=T;k okys o`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS%&

(3) x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

(1) x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 (2) x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 (3) x 2  y 2  a 2  b2 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

(1) ( x  ) 2  ( y  ) 2  a 2 (2) ( x  ) 2  ( y  )2  a 2 (3) ( x  ) 2  ( y  ) 2  a 2 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

(1) x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  b2  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  b2  0

(3) x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  a 2  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

14- ml o`Ùk dk lehdj.k ftldk dsUnz (3,  4) gS vkSj f=T;k 5 gS gksxk%&

(3) ( x  3) 2  ( y  4) 2  25 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

(3) x 2  y 2  6 x  6 y  9  0 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

17- lehdj.k x 2  y 2  0 iznf'kZr djrk gS%&

(1) x 2  y 2  a( x  y )  0 (2) x 2  y 2  2a( x  y )  0

(3) x 2  y 2  a( x  y )  0 (4) x 2  y 2  2a( x  y )  0

22- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  9 ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad gS%&

(1) g (2)  g (3) f (4)  f

(1) ( 2  1,  2) (2) (1,  2  2) (3) (2,  1) (4) (0,  4)

26- js[kkvksa x  0, y  0, x  2a ,oa y  2a ls cus oxZ ds vUr%Li'khZ o`Ùk dk dsUnz gS%&

29- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  6 x  6 y  0 ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ds izkpfyd funsZ'kkad gSa%&

(1) (3  3cos , 3  3sin ) (2) ( 3  3cos , 3  3sin )

(3) (3  3 2 cos , 3  3 2 sin ) (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

30- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ,d fcUn` o`Ùk (point circle) gksxk ;fn%&

(1) g 2  f 2  c (2) g 2  f 2  c (3) g 2  f 2  c (4) g 2  f 2  c 2

32- lehdj.k x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 tgk¡ g 2  f 2  c gks ml o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djsxk ftldk%&

34- o`Ùk ax 2  ay 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 x  v{k dks dHkh ugha feysxk ;fn%&

(1) g 2  ac (2) g 2  ac (3) g 2  ac (4) c  0

35- js[kk y  mx  c o`Ùk x 2  y 2  a 2 dks nks okLrfod fcUnqvksa ij dkVsxh ;fn%&

(1) c 2  a 2 (1  m 2 ) (2) c 2  a 2 (1  m 2 ) (3) c  a(1  m2 ) (4) c  a (1  m 2 )

(1) 4 x  3 y  15 (2) 4 x  3 y  25 (3) 4 x  3 y  5 (4) 4 x  3 y  5  0

(1) x  y  2  0 (2) x  y  4 2  0 (3) x  y  8 2  0 (4) x  y  8 2  0

41- o`Ùk x 2  y 2  16 dh Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k tks y  v{k ds lekUrj gS%&