At “900 LEVEL STUDER9019/2019 SESSION EXAMINATION Course G$T222 = Peace and Conflict Resolution Time Allowed: 1 hour SOULTION IN BOLD ITALIC LETTERS 18 1 2. 2. The lfe- Modakeke crises was trggered by (a) tho citing of a mosave (b) the burning of a church (e) the location of (e) none of the above {2 local Clovernment head Quariy 19 (d) a chioftaincy title 1 Rwanda genocide claims over how many lives? (a) 700, 000 {b) 600,000 (<) 10003000 (4) One milion (6) 6 millions is between'=-~- and —---— Inter. state boundary disputes over ol fel i (b) Bayelsa and Ondo (a) Akwa Ibom and Rivers / (d} Abia and Enugu {e) Ondo and Ekiti The following are sub- regional ‘organizations excep! one (a) COMESA (by ECOWAS — (6) AU (A) EAC roaches to conflict resolution include —-—— (ote ~ Bottom approach {b) Medium- range approach (c) Top-down approac? (d) Grassroots and Local approach (e) Bottom down approach ‘One of the following is among the components of conflict dynamics (a) degeneration of a ore uivation (b) historical background (2) Identitying stakenolders Inthe cont, (d) establishing the current situation of the conflict (e) "27 of the above Which of these is not a peace keeping initiative? I suppose the westion meant to say which of these is a peace eepin 5. ‘case the answer Is (2) (c) Ondo and Lagos 9 Initiative In which (a) ECOMOG (»)SAOC {c) PEPFARV2 (d)AU () EAC The arm of the UN ‘charge with the responsibilily ‘of dealing with the issue of war and peace h {b) The security summit {c) the war assembly 3. {a) the General Assembly (d) the Security Coun’ The ElemelOkrika crisis was Over (bo). the ownership of fand where the University of P' (c) the ownership of the fand Clwhere the (d) the ‘ownership of the land where the Federal Terminal and are situated (e) Allof the above ‘The Mano River Basin comprises of the .. ... west African states {a) Liberia, Libya (b) Slerra-Leon” Sudan and South ~ Sudan (6) Guinea, Liberie and Somalia (0) None of the above (e) Togo, Benin and Senedh, (following are the problems of instltutionaizing ADR In Nigeria except . {2) leek of adequate publ (b) lack of uniform rules of ADR in Nigeria I {o)lack of efciont and pragmatic national court (a) All of the above Which of the following are techniques of ADR ~ (a) Conctiation (b) Mediation —_—_(c) Arbitration d) Al The most vulnerable in conflict situation among the following i Utada (b) sick people (c) patient in the hospital (c)) aff of the above cil (e)the International Court of Justice wa). the naming of the River state stadium ori Harcourt is situated Port Carcourt Refinery fs situat?: tho Port Harcourt Refinery (a) women Peace of the grave yard means ~ (a) conflict avoida i nce SS alalieaea ewe (b) sifence at the burial ground - ‘The use of force to deal wilh proven cases of arm aggression is known as 4 (@) peace by force (b) peace force ice keeping (d) peace enforcement. bytes) os (c) pea ing (d) peace eni mi 5 What are the sticking points between South Sudan and Sudan Republic conflict?(a) boundary disputes , citizenship and immigration (b) boundary disputes, oil revenue and indigene ship (e) boundary disputesO citienship and olf revenue (a) __ollrevenu, boundary disputes and immigration. ‘The first peacekeeping operation in Africa which Nigeria participated was the .. (a) ConDo Crisis of 10 (b) the Congo Brazzaville crisis of 1964 (c) the Lubumbashi crisis of 1964 _(d) the Mobulu crisis of 1965 A militia group that have unleashed error especially on black Alricans In Sudan (b) AFshabab (c) ISIS, (a)PanQaweed — Jontaweee ‘The word conflic Is synonymous with the following except (@) Discord (0) dispute (€) Confrontation dissention (4) Skirmish a dare all synonyms of conflict One of the following is an inler- state boundary thal has been resolved (a) Kaduna/Nasarawa (b) Lagos/ Ogun (c) FCT/Nassarawa (4) Kalsina/Zamfara SWAY is an acronym for (a) Sandor ‘War Affected Youth (b) Support for War Affected Youth _(c) Separated by War Affected Youth («l) None of the above "Lam prepared to die, but here is no cause for which | am roady to kill”, This stalement was made by (a) W. Soyinka (b) Rev. M.LKing (c) N. Mandela (d) IM. Ghandi ‘The disputed territories between South Sudan and Sudan Reoublic conflict are (a) Abeye, Blue Nile state and Karhtung (b) AbeyeD Kordefan south and Blue Nile state {c) Abeye, Kordafan south and Karhtung (4) Blue Nile state Nile state and Karhtung says thal none-violence is a sword that heals Cwane\m Lote vey Sar) (a)M. Ghandi (b)N, Mandela. (c) Desmond Tutu (d) Mobutu Seseku a-d are all incorrect, The correct answer Is Martin Luther King (r Risks children face in confi situation in Africa are. (a) RefuDee and internally displaced childrenO Child Soldier (0) Victim of rape, prostituion and sexual exploitation and warlord () Internally displaced children, Child soldier and desperation (@)_____ Victim of rape, persecution and Child soldier. FERFAP stands for (2) Federation of Ametica Women’s Peace Network (b) —_ Federation of Angola Women’s Peace Network (c) _ Dederation of African DomenUs Peace Networtd (4) None of the above Kropotkin Peter is a leading theorist of (a) Marxism (b) Socialism (c) Anarchism (¢) Ploralism The assumption that social difference involve power, falls. under which of the theories of conflict? (2) Marvist theory (b) Conflict theory (c) Order model (4) Coercion model One of the following is in the horn of Attica (a) Burundi (b) Sudan (c) Morocco (d) Liberia The Nigerian civil war ended in the year (a) 1972 (b) 1977 (c) 1969 (a) 10HO The following except one is nol a member of the Southern African Development Community (ADC) (a) Mozambique (b) Botswana (c) Kenya (d) Namibia The following are strategies for prolecting and reintegrating youth and women in conflict affected environment except. (a) Demobilizalion and reintegration child soldiers (0) Prevention of the fulure use of children in armed conflict (c) Seeking justice for the vietim of war crimes. (d) —-ProtectinO the most valuable family unit. , The procedures for mediation are: (a) Initial interview with each part separately (b) The discovery options (c)Flaming of an agreement (dl) All of the above. All these are theories of conflic! except one (a) coercion model (b) modernization model (¢) consensus model (d) Marxist model ‘The main actors in the 2011 post-election crisis in Cote divore are: —(a) Alhassan Gluatara and La uren GaG)bo - (b) Lauren G: (c) Alhassan Quatara and and Thomas Sontze es aie : a. Which of these is not a regional organization? (a)!IGAD (b) IMIR (c) AU, " The Peace palace Is at? (a) the Hague’s, Poland (b) Noe za ae 5 a (c) New York (d) the PaGlueD {olland as: The Greek word AGAPE means (a)Hatred —(b) Biller (c) Love (d) Sweet The two types of Salyagaha practiced by Ghandi are: (a) civil disobedience and avoidance. __(b) non- cooperation and poverty (c) non- cooperation and self -control (d) None of the above UNAMISL stands for (a) United Nations Mission in Sierra-Leone _(b) United Nations Mission Liberia (c) United Nations Mission in Libya (d) United Nation! African Uion Hybrid Mission in Lom The I.G of Police sees every Nigerian as a police personnel. This therefore means thal ever Nigerian (a) is a security agent {b) can be a police man or woman (c) should help the police in investi@)ation (4) should join the police force Which of these is a principle of non- violence as developed by Martin Luther King? lathew i (a) Attac® forces of evil not persons doing) evil (b) accept suffering but retaliate for the sake of the cause to achieve a goal (0) the universe is on the side of injustice (d) the beloved community is not the goa Conflict hinders economic development because (a) itis quite complex in itself (b) itis hard to persuade people to mobilize resources for development (c) it has economic cost (d) itis possible that the communities themselves do not like economic: projects. Who influenced Martin, Luther King Jnr (a) Mandela () Ghandi (c) Mohammed All (d) Malcom X One of these is a method of conflict analysis (a) onfon fidoutjh nut method (b) attitude behavior and complex. (c) all of the above (d) none af the above The full meaning of ECOMOG Is (a) Economic Monitoring Group (b) ECOBAS Monitoring Group (c) ECOWA: Movement Group (J) ECOWAS Minded Group Which of the following is employed in post trauma He a ob creation (b)Marring (c) Drilling (4) Provision of food, id ene are forms of peace process except (a) peace keeping (b) peacemaking ) peace enforcement (d) peace advancement. : / / ee the major difference between Organization of African Unity and African Union is (a) Assembly of Heads of Slates (b) non interference in internal conflicts (c) Peace and Security Council (d) Standing Army Which of the following Is not one of the layers of conflict (a) position (b) needs (c) Interest (a) PerceptionDIVISION OF GENERAL STUDIES SECOND SEMESTER ExamINATION 2017/2019 session Course: G&T222 - Peace and Conflict Resolution {2 credits) INSTRUCTIONS: Attempt all questions SECTION A (Chose one correct answer within the options provided and shade on the OMR sheet) SOLUTION IN BOLD ITALIC LETTERS 48 ‘The Aguleri -Umuleri crisis was over the claim ol. (a) Olucha and Agwata lands (b) Agwata and Obioku lands (c) olucha and Obioky lands (d) Otucha and Obioku lands (¢) AQwaQor and Otucha lands = defined Allemative Dispule Resolution as alternalive to violence and adversarial Iiigation, (a) Stephens Susan (b) Susan Terra {c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) Karamchand Stephen Which of the following is not a source of confict (a) economic source (b) value source (c) (ce) none of the above. Consensus theory (e) None of the above. power source (d) ecological source The theory of conflict thal believe thal social life is interest is (a) (4) Social theory (c) Theory of interest (d) Marxist Theory(e) conflict iheory The following are associated with the causes of poverty in Africa and elsewhere except ong {a) unemployment (b) Selfish government (c) Debl overhang (¢) Widening gap between the rich and poor (e) all of the above. One of the major reasons why Gandhi recommended fasting’ Is that {a) it's a means of preaching to the oppressor (b) itOs a means of selpurification (c) its a-way of. Weakening the oppressor (4) il prepares one for the baltle ahead (6) all of the above. The theological disagreement balween Christians and Muslims of leachers College 1986 (c) 1990 (4) 1985 (e) 1967 Katanchan occurred in whal year (a) 1992 (b) a milltia Oroup who unleash terror on blacO Africans The Janjaweed are (a) In Darfur South Sudan . (0) rebel group who are asking for a placa In the government of Sudan {@)_aimilia group who are said to be sponsored by the GOSIo unleash terror on innocent people of Darfur (0) a politcal party seeking to capture powrer in Sudan Antonio Gulares, the scribe of the UN is from where? (a) Guatemela (b) Mexico (2) Portual (d) Poland (e) Peru Nigeria joined the United Nation Organization as the __ member (a) 98” (b) 90" (c}91" (4) 96" (0) CIC. Peaceful resistance, none conformily and total none cooperation With all form of Injustice man finds himself in tha sociely is known as (a) SatyaDraha (b) sarvodaya (c) Ahimsa (d) Ganciism 'ADRs is mostly used in developed socielles? Which of the following (a)Arbliralion (b)concliation (c) mediation (8) negotiation The countries thal constitute the Mano River Basin are (a) GulneaO) Slerrd.eone and Liberia (b) Guinea, Congo Dr. and Liberia (c) Senegal, Guinea and Liberia (@) Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra-Leone The forces thal causes change and effect is known as (a) confiict movement (h) conflict analysis (c) conflict dynamics (d) conllict force Pater Kropotkin Is known for anarchism, while ____ Is for coercion theory (a)D, Rall (b) Kerl Marx {c) De Tequeville (d) Immanuol Kant ~ 1 fa) Switzerland ObO loltand at at Kebtentinn tn Innatad where? (e) none of the above.Ww 18 19, a 22, 23. 24 25. 26 27 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35, (6) fine land (d) United State of America. . ‘The type of boundary dispute that arises as a resull of uncertainties over land, waler, etc Is known as {a) derivational dispute —_(b) positional dispute (c) territorial dispute _(d) ethnic inedentist FERFAP stands for (a) Federation of America Women's Peace Network. (b) Federation of Angora Womien's Peace. (c) the Qederation of Africa: omens Poace Networs Volatile countries in Arica include the following +++» (a) Sudan, Sornalia, Central Africa Republic and Tanzania (6) SudanQ SomatiaQ Centra! Africa Republic and Mali (c) Sudan, Somalia, Cameroon and Central Alrica Republic (a) Sudan, Somalia, Cole ivore and Togo. Onion method of conflict analysis is synonymous with (a) layer method (b) ABC method (c) PPP method (d) Mapping method The follovang are components of conflict analysis except one {aevolutionary stage (6) sirenOth and weaQnesses {c) nature or historical background of the crisis (d) stakeholders One of this is among the seven social evils that Gandhi talked about (2) politics without procedure (b) wealth without worship (c) commerce without ethics (8) Joy wlthoul consideration The first peacekeeping operation in Africa that Nigeria participated was the (a) ConQo crisis (b) Tanzania crisis (c) Dahome crisis (d) Liberia crisis Operates in Sudan and ...... operate in Sri- Lanka (a) Alshaba and ISIS (b) Tureg rebels and Tamo Tiger (c) Janjaweed and Ukunda group (0) None of the above ‘The parties to the Rwanda crisis of 1994 are (a) Hulus and Tulus (b) Tutsi and Tulus, (c) Tulus, Hutus and Tulsi (o) Qutus ond Tutsi. The disputed territories between South Sudan and Sudan Republic conflict are (a) Abeye, Blue Nile state and Karhtung (b) AbeyeOD Kordafan south and Blue Mi state (c) Abeye, Kordafan south and Karhtung (d) Blue Nile slate Nile state and Karhtun, ISIS means (a) Islamic Sale of Israel Sovereignty (b)/slamic Stale of Iraq and Sudan (c) Islamic State of rag and Syria (a) Islamic State of Indonesia and Syria Women have played important role in peace building initiatives through (a) donation to people in conflict (b) various movements and networQs in commitment to peace, (c) Inter. marriage by ethnic groups (4) fighting . groups involved In conflict The first number of peacekeeping troops sent to Darfur by AIMIS in 2004 were ... in numbé (a) 600,000 (D700 (c) 700,000 (4) 70 all options are incorrect — the answer is 1$ The containment and termination of hostilities among between belligerents using a thied p is known as (a)conflct resolution (b) conflict (c) peace realy (cl) peaceCleepli AS a resull of the Ife Modakeke crisis a peace center was established called: (2) peace study centre (b) Peace and conflict resolution center (c) Peace Academy (4) Peace study centre The Latin word for Peace is (a) Pectus (b)Penna (c) Pacem — (d) Paucus. Another name for Marxism Is (a) contlicl model (b) communist manifesto (0) class struggle () socialist struQQy, The Federal Ocean Terminal is located in ... Nigeria (a) South West (a) South East. (c) North Central (d) None of the above. Poverty in Alrica has majorly led to (a) failure of development plans (0) poltical instability (c) failure in peacekeeping process (4) debt. SECTIONB: Answer any One 1 2. aay and discuss al least two theories of conflict luline and discuss the method of conflict analysis ea"SOLUTION TO QUESTIONS i SECTION 8 2017/2618 SESSION Theories of Conflict Structural conflict theory The exponents of the structural conflict theory such as Marx, Engel, Lenin etc. argued that conflict is built inlo the particuler ways soclolics are structured and organised. The theory looks at social problems like political and economic exclusion, injustice, poverty, disease, exploitation, inequity ele. as sources of conflict. They maintain thal conflics occur because of the exploitative end unjust nature of human societies, domination of one class by another etc. Realist theory Realist theory originates from classical political theory and shares theological and biological doctrines {in human nature, Realism highlighls inherency about an apparent weakness and individualism inherent and traces the roo! of conflict lo a flaw in human nature which is seen to be selfish, and engaging in the pursuit of personalised self-interest defined as power. This oxplanalion has 3 components: (a) Descriptive realism - which sees the world as an arena of conflict (b) Explanatory realism ~ which seeks lo show thal there are genetical defects which push humankind Into behaving negatively and that wars become inevitable because there is no mechanism to slop them from occurring, (c) Prescriptive realism - says thal decision makers (indlviduals, groups or nations) have a moral juslification to defend their basic interest and ensure self-preservation using any means necessary. Biological theory This theory believes thal since our ancestors were instinctively violent beings, and since we evolved from them, we too beer the violent genetic makeup. Classical theorists like Hobbes, Augustine, and Malthus elc believe that human beings are driven by 2 natural instinct to self preservation. The biological theories have given rise to whal may be referred to as the innate theory of conflict which conlends that confict is innate in all social interactions, and among animals including human beings. Frustration - aggression theory This theory appears fo be the mos! common explanation for violent behaviour arising Irom inability to ‘ull needs. The proponents of this view include Ted Robert Gurr, Leonard Berkowilz and Aubrey fates, The main explanation that the theory provides is that aggression is not just underlaken as a jpatural reaction or instinct as realist and biological theories assumed, but tis the outcome of ftusiralion vad that in a siluation where the legitimate desires of an individual are denied either overtly or the sovert consequences of the way the sociely was structured, the feeling of disappointment may lead to such 2 person to express his anger through violence that will be directed! al those he holds responsible ar people who are directly or indirectly related to them. Economic theory Zor economists across the ages, conflicts have come to be seen as having a ‘lunctional uiilily’ and are imbedded in economic disparities. War periods, the crisis stage of intemal conflicls, have sometimes ecome a vesi private and profit making enterprise, Paul Collier, David Malone and Bredal Mats are ‘ome of the proponents of this view. OLUTION TO QUESTIONS 2 SECTION B 2017/2018 SESSION ontilet Analysis here are three different ways of conflict analysis. These are: ) Case Study: ~ many conflict workers embarked on case sludies which entailed study of a particular niflict. A case study is specific rather than general research thal is subjected to the methodology and acedure of conflict research, The study will bring out different peculiar properties of conflict such as mary and secondary parties, the needs and interest of the parlies and suggest method of arvention elc, In Nigeria for example, a Non ~ Governmental Organisation called the Academic sociate Peace Works (AAPW) embarked on several case studies in many communilies in Nigeria, Fact finding: ~ 's another method of galhering information about a contflicl and analysing such «mation, Facl findings are less thorough and could be done over a shorter period of lime than case sy researches. It glves quick information to interveners to clarify the conflict issues. Analysis meeting: - this is yet another method of confli ict analysis used by many non ~ 2rnmenial organisations and other conflict interveners by organising workshops to ascertain the alion, =(VISION OF GENERAL STUDIES 1016/2017 SESSION EXAMINATION COURSE CODE : GST 222 COURSE TITLE: PEACI SOLUTION IN BO! a 10. E AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION STUDIES LD ITALIC LETTERS ‘Te following are terrorist groups operating in ica except. {a) Boko Haram (b)At-shabab (c) ISIS (d) Tamor Tier (e) Janjaweed. e conding to Pope John XXill proclamation “Pacem in Tertls” means (a) Peace in the world (b) Peace in Rome ()Pe America {¢) Peace in Arica {e) peace on Earth. Peace of te grave yard means (a) conflict avoidance {b) silence atthe burial ground (c) pretentious peace (a) staying oooevpesce ‘according (0 justice Chukwudilu Oputa resulls from i (a) A tranDuility of order (b) Tranquilly of slavery {c) Tranquility of force {2) vanquilly of agreement (e) Tranquilly imposed by violence, . Crime against peace means Planning. invitaion of war of aggression in agreement wilh international treaties Bianning, invialion or wagging of a war of aggression in violation of international (reatios Fianning, preparation or wagging of # war of aggression In consonants with international treaties Plannin| international treaties Planning, preparation or waging of War of ag ‘The disputed territories. belween South Sudan and Suc (a) Abeye, Blue Nile state and Karhtung (b) AbeyeD Kordafan south and Blue Nile state {c) Abeye, Kordafan south and Karhtung (a). Blue Nile state Nile stale and Karhtung The forces of globalization that, shape social conflict in Alrica are (a) CapitalismO Information Technolo yO Democratiation and Environmentalism, (b) Capitalism, information, technology. inter- governmentalism, Democralizal {c) Capitalism, information, technology, Socialism and Democraliza\on {6} Capitalism, information technology, Environmentalism and) Communism + Risk children face in conflict situation in Africa are (a) RefuClee and internally displaced childrenQ child soldier (b) Victim of rape, prostitution and sexual exploitation and war lords (c) Internally displaced person , child soldier and desperation (@) Violim of rape, persecution and Child soldier and child soldier Volatile countries in Africa include the following — (00 preparation and invitation of 2 Oar of aUDressionviolation of gression in tandom of international treaties jan Republic conflict are tion (a) ‘Sudan, Somalia, Central Alrica Republic and Tanzania (b) SudanO Somalia Central Africa Republic and Mali (c) Sudan, Somalia, Cameroon and Central Africa Republic () Sudan, Somalia, Cote ivore and Togo. yen in conflict The following are strategies for protecting and reint alfected environment except. : oe (a) Demobilization and reintegration child soldiers (b) Prevention ofthe futuro use of children in armed conflict © Seeking Justice for the victim of war crimes ) ProtectinO the most valuable family unit,ICTION B (Answer; any one from this section) Tho procedures for mediation are: (2) Initial interview with each part separately e) 7 {c) Framing of an agroomont fa) an sce¥ery onions Which of these organizations is synonymous with world peace»! °f *#® above. (a) Mano River Basin (b) UN (c) ECOMOG (4) COMESA id The main actors in the 2011 post-election crisis In Cote di ivore are; (a) Alhassan Quatara and Laure: : 1” GaObo(b) Lauren Gaghy (c) Alhassan’ Quatara and Thomas Sankara ie) None ofthe above, te Kereouk Which of these Is not a regional organization? 7 : (a) IGAD (b) 1m {c)AU (a) SADC. ; The peace palace al The Hague houses two major inslilution which are : (a) The World Court nd UN headquarters Hi (0) International Court of Justice and World : ank ; (c) International Court of Dustice and Peri i ic haoaicaeee ‘manent Court of Arbitration j Nigeria is divided into .......geopollical zones (a) 4 (b) 3 The lypes of Salyagraha practiced by Ghandi are: d eee (a) civil disobedience and non-cooperation. (b) non- cooperation and poverty —_! (c)_non- cooperation and self-control (d) poverty an (- 1 Which of these is a principle of non-violence as developes ty ‘ort cules ig : oo) attacO forces of evilO not Persons doinD evil (b) accept suffering but retaliate for the sake of the causes to ‘achieve a goal () the universe is on the side of injustice : (d) the beloved community is nol the goal. { FERFAP stands for fo Federation of America Women's Peace Network, ‘ () Federalion of Angola Women's Peace Network ' (c) — Dederation of African DomenQs Peace Networl] : (@ None of the abovo i All these except one Is nol one of the problems of instilutionalizing ADR in Nigeria. ‘ (2) lack of adequate publicity (b) lack of uniform rules of ADR in Nigeria! () corruption path in low and-high places (d) —— lacO of efficient and praOmatic national court The Rwanda genocide that claimed over 500, 000 lives took place when? (2) April 10.04 (b) June 1994 (c) April 1993 (d) April 2004 Inter-.state boundary disputes over oil field is between --- and-—-— (2) AQwa thom and Cross Rivers (b) Bayelsa and Ondo (¢} Ondo and Lagos (d) Abia and Enugu (e) Ondo and Ekit H Women have played Important role in peace building initiatives through r fa) donation to people in conflict t (b) various movements and networOs commitment to peace. : () Inter-marriage by ethnic groups : (a) fighting groups involved in conflict 7 Approach to conflict resolution include -~--- (a) Top-Bollom approach (b) Medium- range approach (c) top down approach. (d) Grassroots and local approach (e) Boltom- down approach Inthe traditional African sociely, the agents thal are responsible for conflict resolution are: {2) Pastor, imam, Head of secrel soclely (b)DivinersC) Chief Priest Ciillate Counc (c) Amadioha, Shango, Ogun (d) Family heads, cour, arbitration panel. Identify any five United Nations peace support in Africa. ! Identify and explain the components of Ghandi’s theory of non-violence ; “SOLUTION TO QUESTIONS 1 SECTION B 2016/2617 SESSION This is a lst of UN peacekeeping missions in Africa since the United Nations was founded in 1945, with the dates of doployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation, Dates of operation Name of Operation Location Conflict 4989-1990 United Nations Transition | Namibia Namibia War of Assistance Group Independence (UNTAG) 1992-1994 United Nations Operation | Mozambique Mozambique in Mozambique Civil War (ONUMOZ) 1992-1993 United Nations Operation | Somali Somali in Somalia | (UNOSOM | Civil War 1993-1997 United Nations Observer | Liberia First Liberia Mission in Liberia (UNOMI Civil War 1993-1994 United Nations Observer | Rwanda Rwanda Mission Uganda-Rwanda Civil War 4998-1999 United Nations Observer | Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Mission in Sierra Leone Civil War (UNOMSIL) SOLUTION TO QUESTIONS 2 SECTIGN B 2016/2017 SESSION Nonviolence is the personal practice of being harmless to self and others under every condition. I comes from the belief that hurling people, animals or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and refers to a general philosophy of abstention {ram violence. This may be based on mora, religious or spiritual principles, or il may be for purely strategic or pragmatic reasons. Nonviolence also has ‘active’ or ‘activist’ elements, in thal believers generally accept the need fe nonviolence as a means to achieve polilical and social change. Thus, for example, the Tolstoy ant Gandhian non violence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of violonce bul al the same lime sees nonviolent action(also called civil resistance) as an alternative to passiv acceptance of oppression or armed struggle against il. In general, advocates of an activist philosoph of nonviolence use diverse methods in their campaigns for social change, including critical forms « education and persuasion, mass noncooperalion, civil disobedience, nonviolent direct action, an social, political, cultural and economic forms of intervention. Nonviolence refers specifically to the absence of violence and is always the choice to do no harm or tt least harm, and passivity is the choice to do nothing. Sometimes nonviolence is passive, and oth limes itisn't. Gandhi is sometimes credited with being, if not the inventor of nonviolence, than the person who f employed il, successfully and on a mass scale, for political purposes. But, although we do owe the te with its present connotations to Gandhi, nothing could be further from the (ruth, Nonviolent action as a political technique is very old, dating back al least to ancient times. One of! first recorded uses of It occurred in 494 BC when the plebelans of Rome withdrew en masse 'o Sacred Mount as a way of seeking redress of thelr grievances. Subsequently the technique has b employad by all kinds of people, in various circumstances, and on both a small and a large scale. A significant expansion of ils use occurred in the late 18th and in the 19th centuries and is assoc with the development of the labour and socialist movement and with movements for nati independence. In the movement which led to ‘the first new nation’, the United States of Amerie variely of me" ' °f nonviolent action, Including tax refusal, were employed by the rebel colonlt before they eventually turned to military struggle. And it was the Hungarian nationalists who, protracted campaign lasting from 1850-67, provided ong of the clearest examples of successttlrecognition of Hungary as an independant ret SN AN will ae ee main elements: Truth, Nonviolenc: her, bul, if one can be consid » but truth. This much Is sug¢ d by the term Gand yeaning literally 'the firm grasping or holding on to truth’ and Sell. tyagraha: Truth, Nonviolence and self-suffering. These 9 grasp them is a handicap lo the understanding of als correspond to Sanskril tenns: and fairness yupon olhers. ow. v force. Truth is relative. Man Is not capable of 3 working sleadily towards a discovery of the absolute in the working process Whal a person sees as truth jhi made his life a numerous experiments with truth. In aseless effort to find il. Hinduism. The emphasis of Salya-truth is paramount in nnasli Parodharmali (Satyan Nasti Paro Dharma Ti) -— olds a prominent place in Hinduism. Reaching pure and Js that truth is God, and maintains that it's an integral ruth; asatya meaning untruth also means “nonexistent” truth does not so much exist. Its viclory is oul of the ver be destroyed. This Is the doctrine of Satyagraha inaism that tho classical yoglc laws of self-rostrant ang lure, Sel-sulfering in Satyagrana Is a test of love. It ig fone whom Is undertaken, Gandhi distingulshed sei. Setaing from cowards. Gandhvs choice of sel-suflring does rol moan thal he valued Ma low. Is ter rc ct al itis not because I value tife 10 ry sing tel I 3 long run In the least loss of Iie, ore: Satagraha, bu becouse | knew hat ome fy entehes tno wot fo har sactifen. Salyagraa is i enncties tn proached and praciced by thoso who would uso arms but decided Insteed lo invite ee jontal philosopher to understand this Issue of sell-suffering, in Ils nl ensy fra wesem mind orn tong is pemope the lest aceepabl fo a western mind. Yt fact ia eifee may well provide the ullmale means of realizing that characteristic so eminent in See aeration and western mora philosophy: The dignity of tho Individual. eee nene elements: Satya, Ahimsa, Tapasya must move together for the success of any Salyagraha Campatgn. Il folows that Ahimsa ~ which implies love, leads In turn to socal service, Truth loads fo an cares Pomanism. Sel-sutering nol for its own sake, but for the demonstration of sincerity owing from Rahucal to injure the opponent while al the same time holding to the truth, implies sacrifice and ‘3.Tapasya (Self-Suffering);it remains @ tn self-discipline are familiar elements in Indian cul detected first of all towards the much persuaslon ol seen as a search for self-realisation, a striving to achieve identification with the absolute which is at ‘once both immanent and transcendent. Truth as the ground of being and as ‘the substance of all morality’, exists as an absolute and merits a capital T. But one important aspect of Truth Is thal, in life at least, it is given to men ~ even to Inose considered Mahalmas ~ to glimpse only faintly this absolute. The truth that men actually express, therefore, is always relative, never absolute. This limitation is # inherent in the nature of life and it is because of this limitation that the search for Truth must proceed by u ' tion for sacrifice even to death, ‘ : Bea thes defintlon, ‘Dovotion to Truth’, says Gandhi, 's the sole justification of our existence’. Life is the way of nonviolence, DIVISION OF GENERAL STUDIES 2012/2013 seconp SEMESTER EXAMINATION GST 222: PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION STUDIES a According to Albert Einstein, peace cannot be kept by force bul by....- 7 2 1 2. Hon. Justice Oputa said that when each man gives to his neighbor that which is his due, and government gives lo Its cilizens (hat which is their due, and all mankind gives glory to God, peace in this context is .. : 3. The principle which conceives sociely without law and rejects all forms of authority is referred: loas . 4. _ the social historian, is regarded as the originator of the theory of consensus. 5. According to Max Webber, when power is legitimized it becomes -------- . 6. The sociologists model of society, which argues that socloly is best understood as i contractual agreement made between equals to secure common goals as in social contractit known as h@ ~-----+-—- - i The Second World War was fought from the year 8, Currently, the AU and UN peace keeping mission in Sudan is focused on the Western region of 9. Historically, the Initial global act Of m---—-OF -m-nneen-eeeee of the world Is regarded as Ihe inherent rool cause of conflict between nations. 10. Boundary disputes arising from parties struggle for ovinership of or tile to a specified area d stale or local government territory, whether land or water is referred to as 11. The full meaning of the acronym MOSOP Is ~~ = : 12, Based on the findings of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Nigeria st! deep in poverty, so It is ranked as -----Out of 173 countries of the world studted for Hus" Development Index. 13. One major factor which has contributed greatly to the regime of poverty and unemployment Nigeria Is ———-—--—- 14. Conflict analvsis Is datinad ae.... a21. 23. 24, 25, 26. 27. 28 29, 30. 31. 32. a 33. is 34. 36, 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 1 22. The most vibrant, daring and progressive part of Israeli peace movement i {conflict is called of information given in mapping of The onion/doughnut method of confet analysis i iustrated as T thod of conflict analysis is illustrated as ~ i tho Fil Pin tho apex ofthe triangle of the triple P metiod of conf anys stands for niflict problom among youths in Nigeria's tertiary it 8 : Famiy vals ‘oI brothers and sisters who have been orphaned, abandoned, or separated accidentally from their parents are called ‘The most d’sgraceful experience females have during conflict is —~ The updating formed in 1988 is called—- Mano River Basin is made up of The full meaning of the women peace activists NGO AFELL is ~~~ In times of post confict reconstruction, an urgent priority is to -—- and ars of age from the armed forces into larger sociely. B itied confict mechanism formed in 1983 lo aid economic development in the face of politcal instabil in Africa is known as~ A type of arbitration which requires the arbitrator to choose one of the {wo last positions taken by the disputants is referred to a: : ae Conflict resolution strategy which involves direct bargaining between the parties in dispute without intervention of a third parly is called ———— Mediation Involving victim-offender is called-——--——- -—Is a term that is used to describe strategies for prevention of the development of disputes. aI ’ One of the characteristics of ADR is eloquence, charity, convenience. Mahatma Gandhi's successor on non-violence philosophy to conflict resolution was: A conflict resolution technique in Nigeria which Is characterized by agitation from unionists and civil soclely is referred to as--——-- . ~--are diverse entities established in response to different historical, political, Neon and cultura! contexts, legotiation, fact finding missions, good ollices, dialogue, lo x : ; . egal options to ascerlain sou oe ee enenl one proffer solutions is a description of a. hae fe consequence of conflict which occurs in victims whos unmanegeds called : 8 psychological disorders are left A mechanism set up by the United Nations and ic izatic 1 set some regional organi: il to monitor activites of confict situations is termed. amzatlons wilh a mandate hs Process of moving from confit to post confit situation Is referred to as « A conflict resolution attempt in which third nog wth re, orestall conti arty intervenes with thei i interest rathe i 2 heir own broader strategic er than the inferests ofthe parties to the conflict is regarded on $ all youthssunder 18 1 SOLUTION TO QUESTION ON GST 222 2012/2013 session 1 Understanding 2, Justice in action 3 5 Autory & Coercion o confit made Ansrcism a lense .Compartmentazing or Teritorialzing 10. Territorial noe | 11, Movement for the survival of the Ogoni Peopk '14. Actitical view, Interpretation and explanation of eo al 13. Corruption Ind recorded about o 7 15. Conflict tracking = ler layer( Position) what the People are saying conflict situation, Mid layer (interest ) what they want Inner layer (Need) what they ve ee17, P (Process) P (People ) (Problem ) P ‘ 20. Child ~ headed household 18. People 2 a 23. Sieraleone, Liberia and Guinea a aeration of Female Lawyers of Liberia &. Set, ee Be ss eaism of Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution ( an cone 37, Pendulum arbitration 28. Negotiation Ed Vor) | ee eldeat ee) 3, Comentnce 32. satyarate 3, Treumatcdementi 34. Collective bargaining 35. Peace process ae 37. Early Warning System (EWS) 40. Power- Politics ~ Approach peace keeper or peace mission PRACTICE QUESTIONS DIVISION OF GENERAL STUDIES SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2018/2019 session ( Course : GST222 - Peace and Conflict Resolution {2 credits} i! INSTRUCTIONS: Attempt all questions SECTION A (Chose one correct answer within the options provided and shade on the OMR sheet) (GROUP A) 1. The arrangement in which armed national military contingents an interposed between, belligerents is regarded. as (a) inler-poling _,(b) Peacekeeping (c) Armed peacekeeping mission Xd) Peacekeeping observer mission Inter- state bound a disputes over oll field between--—-and -—-—~(d) Akwa loom and Rivers (b) Bayelsa and Ondo (c) Ondo and Lagos (d) Abia and Enugu (e) Ondo and Ekit, Categories of boundary dispute include ~~~ (a) Derivative disputes (b) positional disputes (c) Territorial Disputes (4) All of the above (2) None of the above. Approaches lo conflict resolution Include —- (a) Top ~ Bottom approach (b) Medium - range approach (¢) Top - down approach (d) Grassroots and Local approach (8) Bollom down approach. To get to the roots of any contlict (a) there is need to gel the perception of the people (b) there is need to thoroughly analyze the remote {actors (c) there is need to provide education for the people (e) None of the above (d) there is need to have a third parly. In the traditional African society the agents thal are responsible for conflict resolution are: (a) Pastor, Imam, Head of secret society (b) ) Diviner, Chief Priesi, Village Counc’ (c) Amadioha, Shango, Ogun (d) Family heads, cour. arbitration pane! (e) All of the above One of the major difference between the Organization of Alrican Unity and the Alrican Union (b) non- interferanes in internal confi! {e) The General Asser Is (a) Assembly of Heads of Slates (c) Peace and Security Council (@) Standing ArmyTho application of necessary tool that hel {e) confict prevention (b) impartiality in Use Of force ‘ont of the hostile parties (d) non interference Theories of social conflict include ~ excepl {a) Structural conflict theory (b) human need theory. (c) paycho- structural {heory (d) frustration aggression theory {he component of contict analysis include ---— (a) stakoholdcy analysis (©) consequence of the conflict (c) historical review (d) strength and weakness. Who are tho most vulnerable In contlicl environments (8) Women, youth and elderly “e) Women, childr (b) Women, children and youth Usually, the fi (a) women, old men and children sl step taken by the Nigerian govern (a) Peace keeping {b) Peace making (d) Peace advancement. Mapping method could be explained in these ways except one (a) As a snapshot of a conflict situation (b) The use of circl les '0 represent the location and position of parties in ‘elation to the conflet (c) Tracking to monitor the change and Power configuration of a Pall situation (a) the graphic representation of causes and effec of sonra The advantages of Allemative Dispule Resolution include (a) line saving, costly (©) convenience, privacy (c) informal cost, consuming (d) Whal are the sticking points seedy informer between South Sudan and Sudan Republic conflict? (a) boundary disputes, citizenship and immigration (b) boundary disputes, oil revenue and indigene ship © boundary disputes, citizenship and oil revenue, (4) boundary disputes and immigration. ‘The disputed territories between South Sudan and Sudan Republic conitict are (2) Abaye, Blue Nile state and Karhtung:(b) Abeye Kordafan south and Blue hile (c) Abeye Kordafan south and Karhtung (d) Blue Nile state, Nie state and ané Karhtung ‘The forces of globalization that shape social contllet In Alrica are-~——~ Wa) Capitalism, information technology, Democratization and Environmentalism (b) Capitalism, information technology, Inter-governmentalism and Democratization, (c) Capitalism, Information technology, Socialism and Democratization, ) Capitalism, Information technology, Environmentalism and Communism, Risks children face n conflict siluation in Africa are mally displaced children, Child soldier ‘3 Nene ee ecuienae sexual exploitation and warlord (6) __Inlernally displaced children, Child soldier and desperation {@) Victim of rape, persecution and Child soldier. ies in Alri ide the followin o oor Somat, Cell Nea Republic and Tanzania i Sudan, Somalia, Central Alrica Republic and Mali a Sudan, Somalia, Gameroon and Central Africa Republic e ivore and Togo. 0 Cee ie ‘or protecting and reintegrating youth and women in cot affected environment excep!. (a) Demoblization am reintegration child soldiers (b) Prevention of the fulure use of children in armed confit () Seeking justice for the victin of war crimes . a) Protecting the most valuable family unit The procedures for medication are (a) Initial interview with each part separately (c) Framing of an agreement \(d) All of the above. Which of these organizations is synonymous with world peace (2) Mano River Basin (Sun {e) ECOMOG a cone Ty Be 3 form of third party peacelul intervention designed to prevent co Pee keeping (b) Peacemaking (c) Peace enforcement (d) Peace managemenl a (b)_ The discovery options27 28. 29. 30. s 1; 2. 3. 4. FECTION B (ANSWER ONE QUESTION FROM THIS SECTION) ‘system of governance in which law and authorities are replaced by mutual agreement between the members of that society is (b) Autocracy (a) Marxism (c) Anarchism (d) Plutocracy j 1 ____movement emerged in France, Italy and Spain against the backdrop of | failed revolutions? | (a)Marxism (b) Anarchism (d) Fascism. | tives through (c) Capitalism Women have played important roles in peace building ini (a) donations to people in conflict (b) _ various movements and networks in commitment to peace ‘c) _inter- marriage by ethnic groups {d) fighting groups involved in conflict Conflict hinders economic development because (a) _ it is quite vlex in itself (b) it is hard to persuade people to mobilize resources for development (c) _ithas economic cost itis possible that the communities themselves do not like economic @) | projects. One of the following is not an example of the disruption and destruction of the source of life (a) pollution (b) climate change (c} Desertification (d) defecation. Identify and discuss the theories of conflict What are the risk children and women face in conflict situation : Identify and discuss the components of conflict ¢ynamics What are the root causes of conflict in Africa