ASYRAF AZIM BIN ABDUL AZIZ, 2213467

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

SEJAHTERA CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND HUMANITY

SCSH 1201 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES, PRINCIPLES, AND

PRACTICES

SEMESTER 1, SESSION 2022/2023

INDIVIDUAL WRITING

LECTURER: ASST. PROF. TS. DR. DR. IRINA SAFITRI ZEN

SUBMISSION DATE: 5TH DECEMBER 2022

PREPARED BY:

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

ASYRAF AZIM BIN ABDUL AZIZ 2213467

1
 ASYRAF AZIM BIN ABDUL AZIZ, 2213467

International Islamic University Malaysia is passionately working towards a sustainable campus.

Sejahtera Center for Sustainability and Humanity was appointed to lead the initiative to achieve

this goal. One of the sustainable practices includes transport. The challenge is students don’t prefer

cycling to class because it is far and tiring. How can IIUM encourage students to use bicycles or

other alternatives to help reduce carbon emissions on campus?

Realizing the goal of having more cycling has often proved difficult. This lack of progress has

generally been attributed to cycling facilities being deficient in quality and quantity (Stubbs et al,

2010). This statement represents the lack of cycling encouragement on campus. For example,

students are not provided with a specific allowance to buy a bike. So instead of choosing an option

to buy a bike, they would rather save their money for fuel-powered transport, in this case,

motorbikes or cars. The reason being is, fuel-powered transport provides them with more comfort

and less energy consumption. It is clear that students are not provided with solid reasons to ride a

bike.

Studies have linked active transport (cycling and walking) to these psychological constructs, i.e.,

attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions (Dill J. et al, 2014).

However, habit strength could moderate the impact of intentions on actual behavior and has

therefore been included in more extensive models assessing behaviors like travel mode choice

(Klo¨ckner CA et al, 2010). Human behavior is commonly affected by environmental determinants

such as accessibility (Sallis JF et al, 2006). Supporting this, access to bikes and accompanying

equipment is suggested to be a key factor associated with transport cycling (Handy S et al, 2014).
2
 ASYRAF AZIM BIN ABDUL AZIZ, 2213467

It is proven that the authorities should find a way to accommodate students with access to bikes or

other good alternatives. For example, collaborating with Beam which is a company that brings a

safe, affordable, and sustainable new mode of transport to citizens with their fleets of self-driven

small electric vehicles. In a recent poll among micro-mobility riders in May 2022, almost 50% of

the 1,800 Beam riders surveyed said that access to e-scooters for the “first or last mile” of a journey

had made them more likely or much more likely to consider using public transport as an option for

long journeys rather than using cars or ride-hailing services (Azman T, 2022). This means,

providing students with services such as Beam’s electric vehicles encourages them to use public

transport more which is a bonus as it helps to reach the zero-carbon emissions goal.

In conclusion, to lessen carbon emissions on campus, IIUM should encourage students to ride

bicycles or use other transportation options. This means the authorities, especially Sejahtera Center

for Sustainability and Humanity should suggest a solution such as providing students with certain

access in a way that can encourage them to cycle or use small electric vehicles. In return, IIUM

will achieve the goal of becoming the most sustainable campus.

3
 ASYRAF AZIM BIN ABDUL AZIZ, 2213467

References

Stubbs, J. (2010). The bicycle and the car; modelling their relationship. ResearchGate. Retrieved

December 1, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334379924_From_cars_to_bikes_-

_The_effect_of_an_intervention_providing_access_to_different_bike_types_A_randomiz

ed_controlled_trial

Dill, J., Mohr, C., & Mar, L. (2014). How can psychological theory help cities increase walking

and bicycling? J Am Plann Assoc.; 80: 36–51.

Heinen, E., & Handy, S. (2012). Similarities in attitudes and norms and the effect on bicycle

commuting. Davis and Delft. Int J of Sustain Transp.; 6: 257–81.

Lois, D., Moriano, J. A., & Rondinella, G. (2015). Cycle commuting intention: A model based on

theory of planned behaviour and social identity. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol

Behav; 32: 101–13.

Klo¨ckner, C. A., & Blo¨baum, A. (2010). A comprehensive action determination model: Toward

a broader understanding of ecological behaviour using the example of travel mode

choice. J Environ Psychol; 30:574–86.

Sallis, J. F., Cervero, R. B., Ascher, W., Henderson, K. A., Kraft, M. K., & Kerr, J. (2006). An

ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health.; 27:

297–322. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.

Handy, S., Van, B. W., & Kroesen, M. (2014). Promoting cycling for transport: research needs

and challenges. Transport Rev; 34: 4–24.

4
 ASYRAF AZIM BIN ABDUL AZIZ, 2213467

Azman, T. (2022, July 15). Beam's mission for zero emissions: Let's drive something new today.

RideBeam. Retrieved December 2, 2022, from

https://www.ridebeam.com/newsroom/beams-mission-for-zero-emissions-lets-drive-

something-new-today