Muscle Tissues

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 Muscle Tissues
General Skeletal muscle
• attached to bones
characteristics • striated
• muscle cells • voluntary

called muscle Smooth muscle

• walls of organs
fibers • skin
• contractile • walls of blood vessels
• involuntary
• three types • not striated
• skeletal Cardiac muscle
• heart wall
• smooth • involuntary
• striated
• cardiac 2
• intercalated discs
 Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
•Attach to and move skeleton
•40% of body weight
•Fibers = multinucleate cells (embryonic cells
fuse)
•Cells with obvious striations
•Contractions are voluntary

Cardiac: only in the wall of the heart

•Cells are striated
•Contractions are involuntary (not
voluntary)

Smooth: walls of hollow organs

•Lack striations
•Contractions are involuntary (not
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voluntary)
Muscle Tissues

Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle
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 types 0f the muscles
A- Skeletal, Striated and Voluntary.

B- Cardiac, Striated and Involuntary.

C- smooth non-striated &Involuntary

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 Connective Tissue Coverings

•epimysium
• perimysium
• fascicles
• endomysium
•muscle
• fascicles
• muscle fibers
• myofibrils
• thick and thin filaments 6
 Type of skeletal muscle fibres

Red muscle fibres

White muscle fibres :
Intermediate muscle fibres

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Triad → T- system between 2 cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
in Sk Ms

Diad → T- System and come in contact with I cisternae of

sarcoplasmic reticulum, present at intercalated disc of the cardiac muscle.
 Red muscle fibres
•irregular striations .
•abundant cytoplasm .
•rich in myoglobin ,
mitochondria .
•can contract for long time
without fatigue
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White muscle fibres
•regular striations .
•less myoglobin , mitochondria .
•quick , short contractions ,
•easily fatigued .

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Intermediate muscle fibres
:
have intermediate characters between
red and white fibres .
*Skeletal muscle contain the 3 type
but usually the white fibres predominate .
* The diaphragm muscle of
mastication contain red fibres only .

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 Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
• organ of the muscular system
•skeletal muscle tissue

Skeletal muscle is also called

voluntary muscle since it is under voluntary control.

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 Skeletal muscle fibers
1-The skeletal muscle is formed of elongated
cells with two rounded ends and usually
termed muscle fibers.

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 Skeletal muscle fibers
The myofibrils appear as deep acidophilic dots
within the fiber.
-Each muscle fibers is about 1-40 mm in length
and 10-100 um in diameter.
-The muscle fiber is surrounded by delicate
embrane known as Sarcolemma, which enclose
the sarcoplasm of the fiber.
-Each muscle fiber contain multiple, flat and
peripheral nuclei.
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Skeletal muscle fibers

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Skeletal muscle fibers

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The dark bands are Anisotropic
( A-bands ) .
The light bands are Isotropic
( I – bands ) .
The ( A ) band show a pale area in its
center = H- zone divided by a dark
line = M .
The ( I ) band show a dark line in its
center = Z- line .
 Triad of tubular system
It plays an important role in conducting the nerve
impulse during muscle contraction .
It includes :
T-tubule :
Formed by a invagination of the sarcolemma in
to sarcoplasm , its cavity is continuous with the
extensor .
It extends transversely into sarcoplasm at the
level between the A and I bands .
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 Triad of tubular system
Sarcoplasmic reticulum :
Modified longitudinal parts of sarcoplasmic
reticulum and continuous slit .
Each 2 sarcoplasmic tubules surround one t.v. T .
tubule forming a triad . As the nerve impulse
reaches the sarcolemma , it passes through
T.tubules then sarcoplasmic tubules which pump
Ca++ + E , ATP , ADP gliding of actin over
myosin Muscle contraction .
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Cardiac Muscle

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 Cardiac Muscle
• located only in the heart

• muscle fibers joined together by intercalated discs

• fibers branch

• network of fibers contracts as a unit

• self-exciting and rhythmic

• longer refractory period than skeletal muscle

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 cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum

Cardiac T-tubules are present at the Z lines

and not at the A band, I band junctions.
-The cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is not well
developed, and consequently Diads and not
Triads are common in cardiac muscle.
-Cardiac T-tubules are associated with only one
expanded terminal sarcoplasmic reticulum
cisterna.
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Smooth muscle

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 smooth muscle
1-Smooth muscle cells are fusiform or
spindle-shaped, large at the middle part and
taper towards the ends.
2-Each smooth muscle cell has a centrally
located elongated nucleus which becomes
cork screw-shaped during contraction.
3-The smooth muscle is surrounded by an
external lamina and reticular fibers.
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Sites and functions of smooth muscle
1-In the walls of hollow viscera such as the
uterus, vas deferens and ureters, smooth muscle
regulate the size of the lumen.
2-In the walls of the intestine, smooth muscle
generate rhythmic peristaltic movements
3- In the iris of the eye, smooth muscle produce
precise and graded contractions.
4-In the blood vessels, smooth muscle can
synthesize collagen, elastin and proteoglycans
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