1. The signal shown in figure below is called sawtooth signal aT 0 aT Calculate the Fourier series coefficient of shown sawtooth signal using the analysis equation Since the sawtooth signal is periodic, first calculate Fourier series coefficients of the sawtooth signal nay _2a & =plsoe dt o= qe # fear = j tet Using therelationship f xe as = = (ax-1) z fork 20 \T A eer C, == (- kot -1 TC ike { A eet l Say bier) | Tr le jka,y (sk, st eke 1 = ——, (- jkw,T -1)+ ——, Pika per) | (- skog) _ A jkoT A jdt _ ja _ A “P(ko,P Teka? kin jk2n fork =0 iT Co= + [Area = TiT The Fourier transform is written as followk=0 F soko) k20 XU)=) $9 90,0(0-koy) = = = Calculate the Fourier series coefficients of shown sawtooth signal using the differentiation property ‘The derivative of the sawtooth signal is a) 4 ¥(f)=— -ADSt-mT OG ALO mT) eb fee ‘ Tin Oo k=0 — k20 undefined k=0 aA T oF k+0 ke undefined k=0 =) 4 kz0 k2a Since k=0 corresponds to DC level, it is not possible to determine the coefficient using differentiation property. The Fourier series integral must be evaluated for k=0. a ey 44] The Fourier transform is written as follow 7A5(o) k=0 Xe)= [L2xsle = ken) = Lee (co kea,) = LHat0 —ke,) k#0¢. Write the solution in rectangular and polar form. The Fourier coefficients is written in rectangular form as follows Cp = ay — Jy x(t) =a, +25 [a, coset) +b, sin(keryt)] = Since the sawtooth signal is a real signal, c, and c, are complex conjugate and the Fourier series is written as follow x() = 05+ F 2Rele,e"™} a 6, = Ce M(t) =e) +5 2Re|C,e#r"#} kel =C) +25 C, cos(ka,t + O,) k=l A =>+2y oeos{ foot + Z| 2 fak2r 2 Asef 4. ==-2y —sin(ko,t 2 Lain ont)Matlab plot for and for first 10 elements 12 0.8! 0.6) x(t) 0.4] 0.2! 05 1 tts) 2. The signal shown in figure below is called square wave signal. A eo a Tey eT ar 7 a. Calculate the Fourier series coefficient of shown square wave signal using the analysis equation b. Calculate the Fourier series coefficients of shown square wave signal using the time shifting property ©. Write the solution in rectangular and polar form.3. Find the Fourier transforms of the following signals 1 a x(t)==— =s We can calculate Fourier Transform using duality property Solution using duality F a(Nel F 1<9 2285(- @) = 275(o) 1° > — © 6(a) 2a Solution using Fourier Transformin limit case X(jo)= [operat ry 1; r X(je@) = lm i5,0"4 =lim—- 2 e%* re 12a T3227 © + 1 2sin(oT i “t=2t Note that sin(oT)/a is sine function and this function gives Dirac function at the limit = 226(@) = 5(a) Solution using Fourier Series Assuming the signal is periodic with a period of T dit T 2a — jkoy r sso lear at FL gam ee =z fine aaa lare ‘dt = lo X(jo)= 0 — ~ kog)= aed 3(0)=s(o) 7 —b. x= lew sin(at)}() X(jo)= [oevar X(jo)= Ie sin(@st)f(ner* dt = j le sin(ot)e!dr = f eo" sin(eagt at ° Using the following integral relationship fe" sin bx dx =a sin bx — bcos bx) a+b (ae jeoyr * X( joa) =————_; (—(a + ja)sin at — @ COS Mt (a+ ja) +o, L ®%a wD =e “u(O* cos(e/) Use the convolution property of Fourier Transform F eMune at+ja - F - cos(a@t)<> 2[5(@— a) + 5(@+ @,)} X(jo) = 1 -1[5(@- a) + 6(o + &)| a+jo . sin(at Sinc function is defined as sinc(/) = (a) x(t)=e“'u(t) * sin +) oa TT Use the convolution property of Fourier Transform F (theo - at+jo 1. (L\4 1 jasw —sine| — | ra a 0 la>W —_ dew X(j@)=\a+ja 0 |jd>W4. Calculate Fourier series coefficients for the following discrete-time following signals 2. af] =c0s(2an/3)sin(/2) afr] = cos(2m1/ 3) sin(r/2) The period of cosine term is 3 and the period of sine term is 4. Therefore, the combined signal period is 12. ae h Date <1 yap tem nap Dalle = Daher 7 BE eosceai sini geno" sf0]=0 xfl]=-05 xP2]=0 sf3]=-1 M4]=0 xf5]=-05 x{6]=0 x{7]=05 xf8]=0 xf9]=1 xflo}=0 xt Notethat form=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10=> xfn] =0 -05+05+1+05]=0 1202} _ pg _ 9, 50M 40,5 ni) 4 Jo PEIY 4 9 oadh ronal axe tasers je 9 se A005 go seROME? 4190 9 SerA0e] 9 sobbos r 5 5 Lg series _ygrsttanas _ 9, 5eriMCeN2 49 5-H 4 pecan 4 g go-r8esn2N) a ph ose le 05e" OSe le 0Se" -0 “12 0 Se-M2H2M jor iMBHM 9, 59rMBAAS 5 5¢-AOHNII 4 yor sMOAADW 4 9.59-H0M2H1] g aE Lg seta yg eH Sy MEHR 49 Se HEM gp MONE 9 Sr 1 Lose iMtrt0h yer) 5erABHAO8 4 9 5¢ NEHA 5 J_AOMIM 4 9.5¢7E-OOH'] fd 12 4 Loser _yosstenh_¢ series 9 5erH2H020 yer 9 59824020] 9 Loser ye 9 50-49 S0-MEM 4 yr /OMW 49 sore], Loser yorsM2aR2 959A 4 9, 5g°PH2 yr AOHAAW 49 5o-i002H1] 0 28215 4g sg8A2NM2)7 4 por st 229 9, spr stern 1 -Ad2Af2 yo s2en)2 Lose “le 0.5e il peo serPMEHMAN _porHNAN 9 sp-MMDEHIS 4 Q se-/HDANDIT 4 jo~AMEHTIOM 4 g sp-ANEeADHTafr] = 1 —cos(m / 4) for 0 afi 2 xf0]=0 af{lJ=1-V0.5 a2J=1 xf3J=14+V05 3 a = iz xfnje®er” ™ a = jlo+ b-J03)41+ (14/033 a= | fi vos brent store 4 (Le Vos poe] 1 4 2 a, = Fl vores tera? + (14 Yos}rnene]--t a= Eff Vos pee stem fe vospaes] 2This question can also be solved using trigonometric relations x{n] =cos(2a/3)sin(am/2) => @ = 22/12 = fein nl /2-+2/3))+ sin all /2-2/3)] = 5 bsin (7 /6)+sin(— m/6)] =! hi —sin(an / = 5 bin(7 /6)—sin(am /6)] = Sbin(704n)- sin(a,n)] Ton a7 , 2 ef7O" _ ps0" pion _ gr Han 4j 4] a --L-i 1 4j 4 1 . a = =-4 Jj 4 1G a, agp gn dan 40.8, 0.6 mag(a,) ° & e 0.2 0.5 nara) 0.5m cxf] =1—cos(-m/4) for 0 — ROC: Refs} > 0 s c xth=e “u(t L out) ROC: Ref{s}>—5 s+5 d. x(t) =1e “u(r) 1 (s+5) x(t) = te cos(2at u(r) using the linearity property te cosl2mle)=1e* © ** (0) to te“u(r)e>: ROC:Re{s}>—5 sepey “ u(f}e>——_1 __ ROC: Re{s} > 2 As+2+ 22) 1 1 1, As+2-j27) 2(s+2+j27) to! cos(omu(the 20642) 42") _ sea 4a ROC: Refs} >-2 As+2 +4xr7°F (842% 42°F te cos(2au(t)e> ROC:Refs}> 22. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of the following signals 5s +13 a. XG)-ssye Re{s}>0 X(s)= st2 3 s (s+ 2) 43? ‘ (s+2P +3? x= li +e (sin(3r)— cos(3r pur) s? +6543 b. X(s)= Re{s}>0 +457 43s 1 1 1 + s stl st+3 x(t)=[l4 et —e* Jul) X(s)= —=—***— Refs} >0 . ic coe taees els}> X(s)= + = stl so+4 x()=[e" +-c0(21)}r(r) 3 Z x(s)=5 73 +5548 Refst>0 s +s°+4s+4 2s? +544 1 Ss X(s)=14+———.—_ = 1 + —— + (5) Sts°+4s4+4 stl s*4+4 x(t) = 5(r)+ le“ + cos(21)fi(e)3. Find the impulse response h(t) of the following systems using Laplace transform 2 2,1 yy) RC dt "Fe" b. oa 2H, s)=al0) 1 1 H(s)= sie2sel (s+) h(t)=te“u(r) 4. Calculate the time domain response of the following systems (Bonus: Plot the results in Matlab and built the system in Simulink graph) i. With initial conditions and input ii. Zero-initial conditions iii. Zero-input conditions 2 ato +=x0) =n) y(o-)=1 s¥(s)— 0" )+ ¥(s)=X(s) s¥(s)- y(0")+ Y(s)= - Y(s)= 1) Gays)= ! 2) s(s+1) s41 ysj=t 2 2) s stl s+ i r@)=f-et +0 eh) i, v()=[l-e* fle) it, = yO e"ule) BONUS: You can write the differential equation in the following format 20-40) ‘Stepb. 20), = alt) xt)=e"u(s) (0-)=2 s¥(s)- Ne hriiexto s¥(s)- 90" )#¥)= r= 2) (s+1P s+ i. v)=fet + r0- ele) i, x=fe"b() it, y(t)= v0" u(t) BONUS: You can write the differential equation in the following format A) ee Gaint Math Gain2 FunctionSO. y= x) x(¢)=cos(toru(r) y(0")=-1 S¥(s)—y(0")+ ¥(s)=X(s) s¥(s)— y(0" Ome (0) o> 1}, 90>) 16) te He Jor) svt “tis Po | 410" ales v= Fr (cos(10r)+10-sin(10r) -e")+ y(0"e* jo ii M0) Intag2 ‘Gain