Protection and Switchgear 1-4 Protective Relaying ‘Generator protection Deseo ee eengees Low vaitage . switchgear Generator protectin Susbar Pane: vanstommer ———+! pt protection \ “-——— Transtormer igh voltage setch gear, +! protection Buse Transmission tine ‘Tranannénsion bre protection High voltage : ‘ ‘swtchgesr—= | poa= 1 Busbar rotecton Fig. 1.2 Overlapping zones in primary relaying It can be seen from the Fig. 1.2 that the circuit breakers are located in the connections to each power system element. This provision makes it possible to disconnect only the faulty element from the system. Ocassionally for economy in the number of circuit breakers, a breaker between the two adjacent sections may be omitted but in that case both the power system sections are required to be disconnected for the failure in either of the two. Each protective zone has certain protective scheme and each scheme has number of protective systems. . 1.4 Primary and Backup Protection The protection provided by the protective relaying equipment can be categorised into two types as 1. Primary protection 2. Backup protection The primary protection is the first line of defence and is responsible to protect all the power system elements from all the types of faults, The backup protection comes inte play only when the primary protection fails.