Conceptual Literature

The following journal articles and resources, both foreign and local, that serves as a
foundation to support the claim of the present study. The researchers accumulated the
resources both. from books in libraries and journals in the Internet. The summarized articles
and studies below that are subjected to the enhancement of the present research are as
follows:
A degree in a specialized subject area enables educators to share their creative
passions with the next generation. The development of practical classroom teaching skills
with hands-on training in the pedagogy of the respective field of study will empower
teachers in building effective curricula to engage a diverse range of students in K-12 school
settings in intellectual and social growth

Family Related Factor- Family-related factors, like parent’s educational level, their
values and expectations have a significant impact on child’s early skills and later educational
outcomes. Further, parents provide their child, alongside with other learning environments,
a broad mathematical and early literacy input. This study investigates the relationship
between family-related socio-economic and other factors like, parental education, amount
of books at home, parental attitudes towards mathematics and science, parental perception
of child’s early skills and student’s later academic achievement. This is studied in the light of
the Finnish data collected for Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
(TIMSS) 2015. The results are presented with the help of a geospatial method called Kriging
that reveals regional variance. The results indicate that family-related background variables
have different effects on child’s later achievement in mathematics across Finland. The
results suggest, that some areas in Finland are better in ‘levelling the playing field’ for
children and minimizing the effect of family related variables on educational outcomes than
others.