Viva Voce

1 .What operator performs pattern matching? (1)

2. What operator tests column for the absence of data? (1)

3. What is the parameter substitution symbol used with INSERT INTO command?(1)

4. What are the wildcards used for pattern matching? (1)

5. State true or false. !=, <>, ^= all denote the same operation. (1)

6. What are the privileges that can be granted on a table by a user to others? (2)

7. What command is used to get back the privileges offered by the GRANT command?

(1)
8. What is the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE commands? (3)

9. What command is used to create a table by copying the structure of another table(1).

10. Which date function is used to find the difference between two dates? (1).

11. Whatis the advantage of specifying WITH GRANT OPTION in the GRANT
command? (3)

12. What is the use of the DROP option in the ALTER TABLE command? (1)

13. What are the uses of DESC in SQL? (2)

14. What are the types of SQL Statement ? (3)

15. What is a transaction ? (2)

16. What is a join ? Explain the different types of joins ? (3)

17. Difference between SUBSTR and INSTR ? (2)

18. Explain UNION,MINUS,UNION ALL, INTERSECT ? (3)

19. What is the fastest way of accessing a row in a table ? (1)

20. What is an Integrity Constraint ? (2)

21. What is Referential Integrity ? (2)

22. What are the usage of SAVEPOINTS ? (2)

23. What are the data types allowed in a table ? (2)

24. What is difference between CHAR and VARCHAR2 ? What is the maximum SIZE
allowed for each type ? (2)

25. How many LONG columns are allowed in a table ? Is it possible to use LONG
columns in WHERE clause or ORDER BY ? (2)

26. What are the pre requisites ?

I. to modify datatype of a column ?
ii. to add a column with NOT NULL constraint ? (3)

27. How will you a activate/deactivate integrity constraints ? (2)

28. If an unique key constraint on DATE column is created, will it validate the rows
that are inserted with SYSDATE ? (2)

29. How to access the current value and next value from a sequence ? Is it possible
to access the current value in a session before accessing next value ? (3)

30. What is CYCLE/NO CYCLE in a Sequence ? (2)

31. What are the advantages of VIEW ? (3)

32. Can a view be updated/inserted/deleted? If Yes under what conditions ? (3)

33. What are the desirable properties of a transaction? (2)

34. What are the various transaction states? (2)
35. Which are the date functions (2)
36. What is serializability? (2)
37. What is a primary key? (1)
38. What is a foreign key? (1)
39. What is candidate key? (1)
40. What is the difference between Alter and Insert (2)
41. Which string function is used to convert the first letter of a string to
Uppercase (1)
42. How to display the schema of a table? (1)
43. Define cursor (2)
44. What are the types of cursor? (2)
45. Define Trigger.Write the syntax . (2)
46. What is the difference between procedure and function (2)
47. When is an explicit cursor used (2)
48. The data that is stored in a cursor is called ______ (1)
49. ________ allows passing values dynamically to a cursor while opening
a cursor (1)
50.______ is used for error traping in PL/SQL blocks (1)
 58. Precedence of logical operator (NOT,AND,OR)
59. Char functions
60. Case manipulation functions
61. Character manipulation functions
62. Number functions
63. Working of each
64. What is a view?
65. Write the way to define a view
66. How is view differ from assignment operator

75. What is serializability?

76. What do you mean by conflict equivalent schedules?
77. Which of the following are conflicting operations? A)Read & write B) read and
read C) write and read D) write and write.
78. What do you mean by view equivalent schedules?
79. What are the conditions to be satisfied for a schedule to be conflict serializable?
80. What are the conditions to be satisfied for a schedule to be view serializable?
81. What is the condition to be satisfied for a schedule to be a recoverable schedule?
82. What do you mean by concurrency control?
83. What are the different types of locks used to ensure serializability?
84. What do you mean by a deadlock?
85. What is Two-phase locking protocol?
86. What are the conditions to be satisfied for the concurrency control manager to
grant the request for the locks?
87. What is graph based protocol?
88. What is a timestamp?
89. What are the rules to be satisfied for read and write operations when using
timestamp?
90. How is the value for each transaction assigned?(how is timestamp implemented?)

95. What are aggregate functions? (takes as input a no. of values and outputs a single
value)
96. Which are the aggregate functions in SQL?
97. What are views?
98. What do you mean by relational model?
99. What do you mean by network model?
100. What do you mean by hierarchical model?
101. What is a tuple?
102. What are the basic clauses in SQL?
103. What is an attribute?
104. Which is the rename operator used in SQL?
105. Which are the set operators used in SQL?
106. Which are the string operators in SQL?