SAMPLE PAPER - 2 Class 12 - Physics ‘Time Allowed: 3 hours General Instructions: 1. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section B. All the sections are compulsory. 3, Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two marks each, Section C contains five questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each. 4, There is no overall choice. However, an intemal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions. 5, Use of calculators is not allowed. Section A ‘The manifestation of band structure in solids is due to: a) Boltzmann's law }) Pauli's exclusion principle ©) Bohr’s correspondence principle 4) Heisenberg's uncertainly principle ‘The internal resistance of a cel: a) always acts inthe cell in open circuit b) acts only in closed ci EME ©) acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the _d) none of these current ‘To obtain a parallel reflected beam from a torch, the reflector of the torch should be: a) All of these ») parabolic mirror ©) spherical mirror @) plane mirror ‘When germanium is doped with phosphorus, the doped material has: a) excess positive charge b) more positive current carriers ©) more negative current carviers 4) excess negative charge Positive and negative point charges of equal magnitude are kept at (0,0, $) and (0,0, 2), respectively. The ‘work done by the electric field when another positive point charge is moved from (-a, 0, 0) o (0, a, 0) is: a) positive ) negative©) zer0 4) depends on the path connecting the initial and final positions Uniform electric and magnetic fields are produced pointing in the same direction. An electron is projected pointing in the same direction, then a) the velocity of electron decreases }) the velocity of electron increases ©) the electron turns to left 4) the electron turns to right A copper disc is rotated rapidly below a freely suspended magnetic needle, The magnetic needle starts rotating (1] with: i. speed equal to that of disc but in opposite direction li, speed equal to that of disc and in the same direction ili. speed less than that of disc but in same direction iv. speed less than that of disc but in opposite direction a) ii and iit b) ivandi ©) only iti ) i and ii In Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment, the trajectory traced by an a-particle depends on: a) none of these b) number of collisions, ©) number of scattered a-particles 4) impact parameter In Young's double-slit experiment using a monochromatic light of wavelength the path difference (in terms of [1] an integer n) corresponding to any point having half the peak intensity is ened bene nd Qa+yd 2n+ ye Electric lines of force: a) are imaginary b) exist everywhere ©) exist only when both positive and negative _) exist only in the immediate vicinity of charges are near one another electric charges In the case of forward biasing of p-n junction, which one of the following figures correctly depicts the direction [1] of flow of carriers? 12, Match the corresponding entries of column I with column II [Where m is the magnification produced by the [1] mirror) [Column 1 (Column 11 (Aym=-2 (@ Convex mirror(i) Concave mirror (C)m=42 (ii) Real image (oym=+4 iv) Virtual image a) A-(iv), B-()), C-Gi), D-Cii) b) A -Lii), Gi), B-(), C-tiv), (i), DG) ©) AG), Gi), Bei, (ili), C-Gi, (iv), D0, (iv) 4) A{iv), B-Cii), C-(0, D-Gi) Inan electron gun, the control grid is given a negative potential relative to the cathode in order to: a) to decrease the kinetic energy of electrons _b) decelerate electrons ©) repel electrons and thus control the number _) to select electrons of same velocity and to of electrons passing through it converge them along the axis, ‘Three charges, each +g, are placed at the comers of an isosceles triangle ABC of sides BC and AC, 2a. DandE [1] are the midpoints of BC and CA. The work done in taking a charge Q from D to E, is: & b) zero ome 9 gee Figure shows a standard two slit arrangement with slits Sy, S2, Py, Pare the two minima points on either side of [1] P. At point P2 on the screen, there is a hole and behind P) is a second two-slit arrangement with slits S3, Sq and a second screen behind them. Which of the following statements correct? a) There would be a single bright point on the _b) The second screen would be totally dark. second screen, ©) There would be a regular two 4d) There would be no interference pattern on the second screen. the second screen but it would be lighted Assertion (A): Unlike electric forces and gravitational forces, nuclear force has limited range. Reason (R): Nuclear force do not obey inverse square law. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct —_b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A. correct explanation of A. ©) Ais true but R is false. 4) Ais false but R is true, Assertion (A): Light is a transverse wave but not an electromagnetic wave. Reason (R): Maxwell showed that speed of electromagnetic waves is related to the permeability and the permittivity of the medium through which it travels a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not theexplanation of A. correct explanation of A. ©) Ais true but R is false. 4) Ais false but R is true, Assertion (A): A galvanometer can be used as an ammeter only. Reason (R): A galvanometer can be used in electric circuit to detect the electric current. a) Both A and Rare trueand Ris the correct —_b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A. comrect explanation of A. ©) Ais true but R is false. 4) Ais false but R is true. Section B Draw a circuit diagram for the reverse-biased p-n junction diode. Sketch the voltage-current graph for the same. [2] ‘The wavelength of the second line of the Balmer series in the hydrogen spectrum is 4861 A. Calculate the (21 wavelength ofthe first line. Professor C.V Raman surprised his students by suspending freely a tiny light bal in a transparent vacuum wa chamber by shining a laser beam on it. Which property of EM waves was he exhibiting? Give one more example ofthis propery. or An e.m, wave is travelling in a medium with a velocity v = vf. The electric field oscillations, of this em. wave, are along the y-axis a. ldenify the direction in which the magnetic field oscillations are taking place, of the ean. wave. ». How are the magnitudes ofthe electric field and magnetic fields inthe electromagnetic wave related t0 exch other? Draw the circuit to forward bias a diode. (The supply is 3 V and 100 mA battery). Ifthe diode is made of silicon [2] and knee voltage is 0.7 V, and a current of 20 mA passes through the diode, find the wattage ofthe resistor and the diode. {A point charge Q is placed at point © as shown inthe figure. Is the potential at point A, ie. Via, greater, smaller [2] or equal to potential, Vg at point B, when Qis a. postive and negative charge? Or At Be or ‘What do you mean by a potential difference of 1 volt? i The work function for the surface of aluminium is 42 eV, How much potential difference will be required to stop the emission of maximum energy electrons emitted by light of 2000 A wavelength? {i, What will be the wavelength of that incident light for which stopping potential will be zero? Given h = 6.6 x 10 Js,c=3 x 108ms", How long can an electric lamp of 100W be kept glowing by fusion of 2.0 kg of deuterium? Take the fusion reaction as: 7H +} H -+} He +n-+3.2MeV Section € Using Bohr’s total postulates, derive the expression forthe total energy ofthe electron inthe stationary states of hydrogen atom, Fora single slit of width a the first minimum of the interference pattem of a monochromatic light of wavelength2 occurs at an angle of +. At the same angle of 2, we get a maximum for two narrow slits separated by a distance a. Explain. Define self-inductance of a coil. Obtain the expression for the energy stored in an inductor L connected across a [3] source of emf, oR ‘Two different coils have self inductances, L.y = 8mH and Ly = 2mH. Ata certain instant, the current in the two coils, is increasing at the same constant rate and the power supplied to the two coil is the same. Find the ratio of : a. induced voltage ». current and . energy stored in the two coils at that instant? i. How are electromagnetic waves produced? Explain. ii, A plane electromagnetic wave is travelling through a medium along the +ve z-direction, Depict the electromagnetic wave showing the directions of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields. or Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave Ey = 120 NG"! and that its frequency is » = 50.0 MHz, 4, Determine, Bo, wk, and A. fi, Find expressions for E and B. Define neutral point, Locate the positions of neutral points, when a small bar magnet is placed with its north pole [3] i. towards the north of the earth and ii. towards the south of the earth. Section D Consider a sphere of radius R with change density distributed as p(t) =krforr< R =Oforr>R a. Find the electric field at all points r 'b, Suppose the total charge on the sphere is 2e where e is the electron charge. Where can two protons be embedded such that the force on each of them is zero? Assume that the introduction of the proton does not alter the negative charge distribution? oR In 1959 Lyttleton and Bondi suggested that the expansion of the Universe could be explained if matter carried a net charge. Suppose that the Universe is made up of hydrogen atoms with a number density N, which is maintained a constant. Let the charge on the proton be: €, = ~ (I + y)e where eis the electronic charge. a, Find the critical value of y such that expansion may start. », Show that the velocity of expansion is proportional to the distance from the centre. Determine the ‘effective focal length’ of the combination of the two lenses having focal lengths 30 cm and -20em [5] if they are placed 8.0 cm apart with their principal axes coincident. Does the answer depend on which side of the combination a beam of parallel light is incident? Is the notion of effective focal length of this system useful at all?oR ‘With the help of ray diagram, show the formation of image of a point object by refraction of light ata spherical surface separating two media of refractive indices my and np (n > my) respectively. Using this diagram, derive the relation — 2 = "5", write the sign conventions used. What happens to the focal length of convex lens when itis immersed in water? a. Consider circuit in Fig. How much energy is absorbed by electrons from the initial state of no current (ignore [5] thermal motion) to the state of drift velocity? », Blectrons give up energy at the rate of RI? per second to the thermal energy. What time scale would one associate with energy in problem (a)? = no. of electron/volume = 1028/m3, length of circuit = 10 cm, cross-section = A = (Imm)? Reo Section E Read the text carefully and answer the questions: A charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a force that is proportional to the strength of the ‘magnetic field, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charge of the particle. This force is given by F = g(x B) where q is the electric charge of the particle, v is the instantaneous velocity of the particle, and B is the magnetic field (in tesla). The direction of force is determined by the rules of ‘cross product of two vectors. Force is perpendicular to both velocity and magnetic field. Its direction is given as 3 x Bifqis positive and opposite of # x B if q is negative. ‘The force is always perpendicular to both the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field that created it. Because the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the motion, the magnetic field can do no work on an isolated charge. It can only do work indirectly, via the electric field generated by a changing magnetic field. (What kind of magnetic field is produced by an infinitely long current carrying conductor? (ii) What happens to a stationary electron placed in magnetic field ? (ili) What happens to the velocity of a proton projected with a uniform velocity v along the axis of a current- carrying solenoi oR ‘What are the conditions under which a charged particle experiences magnetic force in a magnetic field? 35. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: Let a source of altemating e.m.f. E = Eg sin wt be connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. If P is the Fi sin(wt + £). The capacitive reactance instantaneous value of current in the circuit at instant , then T= =limits the amplitude of current in a purely capacitive circuit and it is given by X¢ = Je. c iL Tt ‘What isthe unit of capacitive reactance? ‘Whaat will be the capacitive reactance of a 5 1 P capacitor for a frequency of 10° Hz? Ina capacitive circuit, by what value of phase angle does alternating current leads the e.m.f? oR (One microfarad capacitor is joined to a 200 V, 50 Hz alternator. What will be the rms current through the capacitor?Solution SAMPLE PAPER - 2 Class 12 - Physics Section A (b) Paul's exclusion principle Explanation: Paul's exclusion principle (© acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the current Explanation: The intemal resistance of a cell acts only ina closed circuit and it reduces the curren. (© parabolic mirror Explanation: parabolic mitror (0 more negative current carriers Explanation: Ge(32) = 2,8, 18,4 PUS)=2,8,5 therefore, 5° (extra) (@ 2010 B=(0,a,0) Point charge is moved from A 1B. Va-Vp=0 Wan=a(Va-Ve)=0 {@) the velocity of electron decreases Explanation: Electron will not experience any force due to magnetic field as direction of velocity is parallel to direction of magnetic field since magnetic force = qvBsin®. ‘Due to electric field, force on electron willbe indirection opposite to that of electric field, ence opposite to direction of ‘motion of electron. Hence it will eaccelerate and its velocity will decrease. (© only it ‘Explanation: speed less than that of disc but in same direction (4 impact parameter Explanation: The trajectory of an a-particle depends on the impact parameter which is the perpendicular distance of the initial velocity vector ofthe particle from the centre ofthe nucleus, For small impact parameter a-panticle close tothe nucleus suffers larger scattering. () @n+ 2 1008? S (8) Given T= 3 (i) From Eqs. (i) and (i), we have jo2,2e HPT Or path ditference, Ac = (2) +6 ae 38.()a (a) are imaginary ‘Explanation: An electric line of force is an imaginary continuous line or curve drawn tn an electric field@ Explanation: Due to forward biasing, the holes of p-region move towards n-side and electrons of n-sile move towards the p- side, (© AG, (i), BAG, (th), C1), @¥), D-C, Explanation: In the case of mirrors, convex mirrors always produce diminished and virtual images. Hence, the convex mirror cannot have magnification, m > 1. Also, in mirrors, the virtual image always forms on righthand side. Hence magnification produced is always postive, (.e. m for virtual image, m= +2 or m= +2). (© repel electrons and thus control the number of electrons passing through it Explanation: The electron gun consists of a heater and cathode to generate electrons, a control grid to control brightness by ‘controlling electron flow, and two anodes. In an electron gun, the control grid Is given a negative potential relative to the ‘cathode to repel electrons and to control the number of electrons passing through it. (b) zer0 Explanation: C= 2a D and E are the mi-points of BC and AC. AE-EC=a and BD = DC=a In AADC, (AD)? = (AC)? - (DC)? = ay -@P ta? - a? = 3a? AD=ay3 Similarly, BE = a3 Potential at point D due co he given charge configuration i, fay tye Vp= ale +oe+ $3] se[t+t+4] ale tat ya From eqns. (i) and (i), its clear that, Vo=VeE “The work done in taking a charge Q from D to E is, W=Q(Vp-Vp)=0(Vp= Ve) (© There would be a regular two slit pattem on the second screen. Explanation: According to the figure given inthe problem, theresa hole at minima point P, This hole will act as a source of fresh ight for slits S and Sg. Hence, there will be a regular two sit pattern on te second screen. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.(@ Ais false but Ris true Explanation: The speed of em waves in free space is given by L waa where pig = 4x 10°? Ns/C? is permeability constant of vacuum and <4 = 8.85419 x 10°? C2/Nm? is the permittivity of free space. After substituting these value, the value of ¢ (= 2.99792 x 108 m/s) which is same as the speed of light in vacuum. From this itis concluded that light is an electromagnetic wave. (@) A is false but Ris te. Explanation: 4 galvanometer can be used both as ammeter and voltmeter, It can be used as an ammeter by joining alow resistance in parallel with it and asa volimeter by joining 2 high resistance in series with it Section B pa ‘The figure shows a reverse-biased p-n junction diode in which the p-side fs connected to the -ve terminal and the n-side is ‘connected to the +ve terminal of the battery and shows its voltage-current graph. Breakdown Rovseis(¥) ‘ge 20. The wavelengths Ay and A, of the frst and second lines ofthe Balmer series are given by 5 3 $-R[Z-4]-5R mw p=R[4-4]-2R z or 65624 21. The properties of an electromagnetic wave are the same as other waves. Like other waves, an electromagnetic wave also carries energy and momentum. We know the dual nature of radiation and matter. since it cartes momentum, an electromagnetic wave also exerts pressure called radiation pressure, This property of electromagnetic waves helped professor CV Raman surprised his students by suspending freely a tiny light ballin a transparent ‘vacuum chamber by shining a laser beam on it oR a. Here em, wave travels in x-direction and electric fleld oscillates along y-direction, Buc the e.m, wave propagates in the direction of E x B, Hence magnetic field must oscillate along z-direction because (+J) x (+k) = +i b. B =e, the speed of tight 22. The circut for forward blased diode Is shown in figure. pe Leite aka Here emf of battery = 3 V Knee voltage, Vx = 0.7 V 1. Nolage dap across R=3-0.7 =23V ‘Current in the circuit, I= 20 mA = 20 x 107 4 Winner ~ Dolmen hon acoc Rx Snes ‘Wattage of diode= Voltage drop across diode » current =0.7 x 20x 103=0.014W a.Va>Vp b.VaVp so that Vq-vq >0 charge Qis negative; Va 102° nuclei of deuterium fuse together, energy released 2 x 6.023 x 10° MeV 32 5 6.028 x 108 x 1.6 x 10-87 = 1.54 x 10" or Ws ower of electric lamp = 100 W Ifthe Lamp glows for time t, then the electrical energy consumed by the lamp is 100 t 2.100 = 1.54 x 104 or f= 1.54 x 10s BisaiaT Oe = 4.88 x 10*years26, According to Bol’s postulates, ina hydrogen atom, a single electron evolves around a nucleus of charge +e. For an electron ‘moving with a uniform speed ina circular orbit ofa given radius, the centripetal force is provided by Coulomi force of atraction beeween the electron and the nucleus. The gravitatlonal attraction may be neglected as the mass of electron and proton is very small. So, mvtir= ke2/r? (where, k= 1/4me0) OFM? = KER) ‘where, m = mass of electron, r= radius of electronic orbit, v = velocity of electron Again, by Bors second postulates rivr= nha where, n= 1, 2,3, or v= nh/2emr Putting the value of v in Eq, () ‘Using Eq(il), we get oat apne Using EaQii), we get = he? x Aetione, __sntatinet Ep=—he? x So = Hence, total energy of the electron in the n! orbit Ex Ep + Ex =— eae tet ne! me The angle willbe re, the statement considers interference a a general erm to represent both difracton (and interference phenomenon in single slit) and interference by «wo slits. In terms of physical point of view diffraction is also an interference of secondary wavelets from assingle sit. From the theory of fraction we know that minima conltion i given by nA = asin forthe minima n=1 = A=asind As because is small we have sin = @ ‘Thus in single slit the first minima occurs at angle. ‘But when we consider interference of two slits separated by a distance a and distance of screen from the slit = D, the position of the first maxima is given by ‘This meas Inte case of two sls we havea miximum at Bangle Self-inductance of a cll he propery ofthe cll in which opposes the change of curet owing though it Inductance is ata ya cll du tte set duced et pedced te cal sel by angie cet lowing oh Self.nducton ofthe long soleold of inductance L(A Tong sclenold sone which length is very large as compare ot ros section area.) the magnetic field inside such a solenoid is constant at any point and given by B- a Magnetic ux trough each um of slenold 6 =B x area of each turnb= xa total Mux = fax % total numberof urns pew (BE a) 09 If Lis the coefficient of inductance of solenoid NO=U..() ‘from equation (1) and (li), uw (4 x A) aes ai ‘The magnitude of emf is given by lelore= D4... (iv) ‘multiplying I to both sides eldt = Lid ra Ls butt= Id = dq Also work done (dW)= voltage x Charge(dq) or dW= ex dq = eld substituting the values in equation (iv) w= Lidt BBy integrating both sides . faw =f trat we tL this work done isin increasing the current flow through inductor is stored as potential energy (U) in the magnetic field of inductor oR b. We know, P=e1 Py=P2 eth = eal Bok Boat . We know, v=tor he and B= 2 |. Electromagnetic waves are formed as a result of accelerating (electric) charges under electric field. Electric charges exhibit electrostatic behavior and once they start moving magnetic effects come into play. As a result of this, a duality is established which is called electromagnetism. The electromagnetic waves are emitted by those charged particles. These waves move with He cy oft fy eae ny ten pega, fi. The cross pmdoct of electric and magnetic field vectors i.e. i xB gives the direction in which the wave travels. il vs ares pone doe trae ine bal ce la els onlay cin aadtoagnc el ese te pone area‘The propagation of the electromagnetic wave in +z direction is shown here: Dxcston of nave propoestion, 1. Given, Ey = 120 NC", = 50.0 MH2= 50 x 10° Hz a By = = J = 4 x 107 T= 40007 bw =2mv =2 x 3.14 x 50x 105= 3.14 x 108 rad st eke Bam Se = 1.087 rad mt ons B= Ate 2m AL, Let electromagnetic wave travel along x-axis, where B and B are along y-axis and z-axis respectively. Then B, = Eysin(ke — wt) = 120 sin (1.05x - 3.14 x 10%) NC B. = Bysin(ke — wt) = 400 sin (1.05x - 3.14 x 10%) NCT ‘where x and t are in metre and second respectively. 30. Neutral point It is the point where the magnetic fleld due toa magnet is equal and opposite tothe horizontal component of earth's magnetic field. The resultant magnetic field atthe neutral point is zero, |, Magnet placed in the magnetic meridian with its north pole pointing north: In figure shows the magnetic lines of force of 4 bar magnet placed in the magnetic meridian with its north-pole pointing towards the geographic north ofthe earth. The fields due to the magnet and the earth are in same directions at points on the axial line and ae in opposite directions at points an the equatorial lin. So the resultant field is stronger at axial points and weaker at equatorial points. The two neutral points P and Q lie on the equatorial line. NU i 4 (aN) ‘as |. Magnet placed in the magnetic meridian with its south-pole pointing north: In a figure shows the magnetic lines of force ‘of a bar magnet placed in the magnetic meridian with Its south-pole pointing towards the geographic north of the earth, Here the fields due to the magnet and the earth are in the same direction at points on the equatorial line andl are in opposite directions at points on the axial line of the magnet. So the resultant field is weaker at axial points and is stronger at equatorial points. In this case the two neutral points P and Q lie on the axial line near the ends of the magnet. Section D 31. a. The symmetry of the problem suggests that the electric field is radial. For points r < R, consider spherical Gaussian surfaces, Then on the surface Consider Gaussian surfaces as shown in the figure given below-let us consider a sphere of radius R.Forpoints atr dV =3 x SartdrordV = 4mr°dr = fB-dS = 240K ff Pdrl-p(r) = Kr] > (B)nr? = BEE =E He, charge density is postive. Therefore, the diection of Bs rally outwards. For pints Relectric Held intensity is piven by fE-dS= 2 fpav = E (de?) = 8 ff ride = Se Now charge density is again positive. So, the direction of Eis radially outward. b. The two protons must be on the opposite sides of the center along a diameter. Suppose the protons are at a distance r from the cconter. G= fy Pav = fy"(Kr)anrdr ‘wo protons are embedded ata distance r from the center of sphere. Consider the forces on proton 1. The attractive force due to the change distribution is Tea ‘Thus, the net force on proton 1 will be zero, when. ere Tene Torr ‘Therefore, the distance of both the protons from the centre must be r = wa . oRa. Suppose universe is a perfect sphere of radius R and its constituents are Hydrogen atom are distributed uniformly. ‘As hydrogen atom contains one proton and one electron, charge on each hydrogen atom eum ep He= (1 tye +e=-ye=lyel According to Gauss’ theorem. f B+ ds = = B (tk!) = 2 [$ (eR ye))] = pa LM gy Let, mass of each hydrogen atom ~ mp-( mass of a proton ), Gp= gravitational field a distance R on the sphere. ‘Then 4 R Gy = 4xGmy (428°) = Gp= tnGm,NR Ai) -*.Gravitatlonal force on this atom is F, = Gx X my = =!xGm*pNR. (i) ‘Coulomb force on hydrogen atom at R is Fo = Bye) 28 throm Eq] Expansion ofthe universe will start when coulomb repulsion Fc > Fg, on the hydrogen atom. Now, the eritical value of y (say y2 to start expansion would be when, Fe = Fo (.065.10-27)7 x (6.67 x10) ( a ~ ya 910-8 ) 79.810 Hence 10"!8is the required critical value of y corresponding to which expansion of universe would start Net force experience by the hydrogen atom is given by: Fyp= Fe— Fo = 1028 _ #Gnmgr ue to net force, te hydrogen atom experiences an acceleration given by my 22 Rr pave = Fam, Sp = t°SER- FGm3NR mpd = (AUER — Bem) R i fimvian a nat Hp [pee _ eGmin] R= aR Wy) wren 4 where, = ob [SESE — seme ‘The general solution of Eq (ys ven by Here, we are look fr expansion er, 50 B = Velocity of expansion, = #2 = Ae"*(a) = ade" = aR ence, v Re, the veloc of expansion I proportional athe distance frm the centre Let a parallel beam be incident on the convex lens first. If second lens were absent, then. ‘4, = 00 and f= 30cm ‘his image would now act as virtual object for second lens. ty = #08) = +22 em. f=-200n since, -. Parallel incident beam would appear to diverge from a point 220 - 4= 216 cm from the cent of the two lens system.Assume that a parallel beam of light from the left i incident first on the concave lens. ct = 00, a “This image ats as real object forthe second lens ‘Uy = -(20 + 8) = -26cm, fy = 30cm Since, p= 420 en The paalel beam appess to diverge from a point 420 -4~ 416 cm, on the left ofthe centre ofthe two lens system, We finally conclude thatthe answer depends on the side ofthe lens system where the parallel beam i incident. Therefore, the oon of effective focal Teng doesnt seem tobe meaningful here. on AMB Is convex surface separating twa med of refractive Indes ny ann (> n)- Consider a point object © placed on the principal ais A ray ON Is ncdent at Nand retacts along NI. The ray along ON goes sialght and meets he previous ray at Thus is the real image of O. From Snes law, nysini = ngsin ornyi= ng Fsin@& Bas @ is very small From ANOC,i=a +7 From ANIC,y=r—8 or=7-8 “m(a+y=naly— 8) OM =-1, MI= #4, MC =4R ‘The lens maker formula gives us the reladonship, w-nb-b) ie focal eng, Fand erative inde, shave inverse dependence "Now, as refractive index of water spear than the alr, the focal length ofthe lens il reuce when immersed in water. 33.8 = Imm? = 10°%m2v=ov e=16 x 109% 1=4a $= 1am m= 9.1x 10 Kg L= 10cm = 10"'m 4-1 Amex ere vs the deft veloty ands the number density) [Number a electrons ree) n wre = (volume of wire) =nxAl KE of alleleetons = Smt X91 x 10-8! 5 AOE 5 10-8 x 10 107 yas ri 46129 = py x =1.78 x 10 178x107) So, to start flow of current I, the electrons will take energy from cell = KE of all electrons 1.78 x 10°77 b. Loss of energy during current flowing =P-R. X 1x 6 = 6 Joule per second +s Energy = Pa 2 ue 7 = 0.29 x 10°77 see 0.3 x1017 ort=2 x 10° second, Section E 34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘A charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a force that is proportional to the strength of the magnetc fled, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charge ofthe parle This force is given by F = q(x B) where q is the electric charge of the particle, v is the Instantaneous velocity of the particle, and Bis the magnetic field in tesa), The direction of force is determined by te rules of cross product of two vectors. Force is perpendicular to both velocity and magnetic field. Its direction is given as 6 x Bit q is positive and opposite of ¢ x Bit qis negative. ‘The force is always perpendicular to both the velocity ofthe particle and the magnetic field that created it. Because the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the motion, the magnetic field can do no work on an isolated charge. It can only do work Indirectly, via the electric field generated by a changing magnetic field. ()) Magnetic field lines are concentric circular loops ina plane perpendicular to the straight conductor. The centres of the circular magnetic field lines lie on the conductor (ji)remains stationary For stationary electron, 8 = 0 *, Force on the electron is, Fn, = —e(# x B) =0 (uixhe proton will continue to move with velocity v along the axis Force on the proton, Fig = e(& x B) Since, i is parallel to B oFp=0 Hence proton will continue to move with velocity v along the axis of solenoid OR “The particle is moving and magnetic field is perpendicular to the velocity Magnetic force onthe charged particle q is F,,, = (i x B) or Fm = qv B sin?where is the angle between @ and B. ‘Out of the given cases, only incase (b) it will experience the force while in other cases it will experience no force. 35, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: Leta source of altemating esm.f.B = Ep sin et be connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. IP isthe instantaneous value of current in the circul¢ at instant, then in (jt + $). The capacitive reactance limits the amplitude of current in a purely capacitive circuit and itis given by X, it tt (0) Ohm isthe unit of capacitive reactance (i) Capacitive reactance, Xe = * Gerahgraos 0082.0 Citin acapaciive circ, aerating curent lead the sm by the phase value of 90°, oR Here, C= 1 #F= 10° F, Ey = 200 V, v = 50, by = te B= BB =2 3:14 x 50 x 108 200-628 107A