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Technical Brief
Junkers 88 A-1
Produced by II/JG53
Version 1.0, 1 September 2012
(as at il2 Cliffs of Dover BETA PATCH v.1.08.18956 - issued August 4, 2012)
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
Cockpit Familiarization
Figure 1 - Fuel and illumination dials
Key Commands - Options - Controls
Figure 2 - Digital and analog display
Engine Management
Figure 3 - Propellor pitch terminology
Basic Start-up
Figure 4 - red circle - landing gear lever, white circle - landing flap lever
Flap Adjustment
Take-off
Figure 5 - Propellor pitch control
Climb
Figure 6 - Instruments during climb
Cruise
Slow Flight and Landing
Navigation
Figure 9 - Maps and Navigation Tools
Introduction to the navigation tools and their implementation.
Navigation Instruments
Figure 10 - Magnetic, Repeater Compass and Gyro
Relationship between the directional gyro and the magnetic/repeater compass
Autopilot
Figure 11 - Typical view of navigation instruments at spawn
Align Repeater Compass
Figure 12 - Align compasses with magnetic north
Align Upper Gyro Band
Figure 13 - align upper gyro band with magnetic heading
Align Lower Gyro Band
Figure 14 - align lower gyro band with projected course
Align Repeater Compass with Lower Gyro Band
Bombing
Tuning the Altimeter.
Bomb Load
Level Bombing.
Indicated Airspeed (IAS) / True Airspeed (TAS) Tables.
Salvo Bombing
Navigating to the target
The Bomb Run
Figure 15 - the Bomb Bay Door handle
Bombsight
Adjustment of the horizontal line (cross hair).
Figure 16. Simplified explanation of dropping short or falling long
Figure 17 - Over shooting
Figure 18 - Lotfe bombsight view
Sturzflug / Dive Bombing
Typical Sturzflug Sequence in the JU88
The Gunner
The Human Gunner
Bail Out
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 3
Fuel Management
Figure 20 - Switch box (upper) and nine-lamp indicator
Figure 21 - Pumping diagram and fuel and lubricant gauges
Annexes:
A. Cockpit Familiarisation
B. Suggested functions to be assigned to a key (keyboard or joystick)
C. Example Keyboard Layout
D. Example List of Commands for Level Bombing and Checklist
E. JU88 Performance Specifications
F. Checklists
G. Airfield Elevation
H. CLoD Manual Metric IAS/TAS Table*
Acknowledgements
Introduction
The home of II/JG53 and II/KG53 is www.iijg53.com. We are a group of flight
simulation enthusiasts based on the il2 Cliffs of Dover game developed by Oleg Maddox
1C and Ubisoft. Jagdgeschwader (JG) 53 operate the Messerschmitt bf-109E3B and
Kampfgeschwader staffel (II/KG53) operate the Junkers 88A1 (JU88) as depicted in the
game. Normal progression to II/KG53 is via II/JG53.
The purpose of this brief is to provide II/JG53 Stab and Training Staff with a
compilation of information pertaining to the in-game performance of the JU88 that is
available to the general public. This document should be read in conjunction with the official
il2 Cliffs of Dover manual (and the JG53 Basic Flight School manual (JG53 members only)).
The information is provided in good faith and the compilers sole purpose is to encourage the
use of the JU88 in-game and form the basis of a II/KG53 Operations Manual in the future.
Any errors or omissions are the fault of the compilers. Many of our valuable
contributors are mentioned in the Acknowledgement section of the document.
Cockpit Familiarization
If this is the first time you have ventured from your bf109 cockpit you will find that
the JU88 is a far more complex aircraft. Just having a second engine doubles all the
instruments! Do not let this daunt you as many of the controls and gauges will be familiar
from your bf109 experience. Take particular note of the following (see Annex A):
● Directional Gyro
● Magnetic Compass
● Repeater Compass
● Variometer
● Markings (Red, yellow, green) on Tachometer and Manifold Pressure
● Flaps control
● Divebrakes
Game Difficulty - JG53 is a “full switch” unit. With the exception of “Anthropomorphic
Control” all difficulty options are on. Techniques described in this document are with the
game in this setting.
Information Windows
Two engines are twice the fun! The Information Window can be setup to display
the key engine data in digital format or you can use the analog format that is the default
view. Note that you have information for each engine - see Figure 2 for display of digital and
analog display. Right click the window and select Information Window for the digital display.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 6
Engine Management
The JU88A-1 has two Jumo 211B-1 engines. A detailed list of performance
specifications can be found at Annex E. The pilot should, as a minimum, memorise the
following factors:
Basic Start-up
A successful take-off starts with an orderly start-up procedure. Checklists for various
tasks are provided at Annex F.
Figure 4 - red circle - landing gear lever, white circle - landing flap lever
Flap Adjustment
There are four positions for the flaps (see Figure 4):
Take-off
The following describes the sequence for taking off from a full length concrete
runway (e.g., Tramecourt on ATAG server).
● Open water radiator and oil radiator 30% on taxi.
● When lined up on runway, radiators to 100% open, throttle 100% on take-off (2600
rpm, 1.25 ata, 5 minutes maximum).
● Coarse pitch (100% - 12:00) with toe brakes deployed.
● Release brakes and focus on a straight run (tail will lift on its own),
● Apply slight back pressure (rotate) at 180/185 kmh (any slower you will stall, faster
will result tyre blowout).
● On lift off, landing gear up.
● Level out and gain speed (200 kmh),
● raise the flaps when in stable flight
● adjust elevator trim to obtain required flight attitude (climb, cruise, etc)
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 9
Climb
Adjust throttle to 2400 rpm, 1.25 ata, maximum 30 minutes. Best airspeed for climb
is between 240-250 kmh (see Figure 6). The supercharger should only be used over
4000m.
Cruise
Standard cruise setting: 2250/2400 rpm, 1.15 ata. Trim water radiator flaps so that
the following maximum temperatures are not exceeded:
Oil Radiator is to be trimmed so that the temperature is in the range 30-80C (normal
cruise 80C), in an emergency 105C should not be exceeded.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 11
Navigation
Using the in-game map for navigation. This can be a very interesting part of the life
of a “Cliffs of Dover” pilot. Particularly when the weather module of the game is fully
operational.
● Open the Map, ensuring you can see the terrain you intend to navigate (ie start and
end point).
● Right click the map, and choose Tools. The navigation toolbar will appear.
● The Navigation Tools are:
○ Navigational marker,
○ Delete navigational marker,
○ Ruler and Protractor.
● The course in the example is a simple out and back. More complex courses
may involve co-ordination with other squadrons, different egress course etc. The
navigational marker is useful in these instances. The ruler is useful for finding out the
distances to travel for fuel consumption, estimated time over target, etc. The most
important tool for navigation is the Protractor.
● Select the Protractor symbol.
● Left click over the starting point (in example, Tramecourt) and drag line due north,
then release.
● Left click on point 2, (in example, the Radar Installation). Note the angle produced by
these two actions (in example, 58 degrees). As this number is to the west it will have
to be subtracted from 360 to give us the Grid bearing for this course. Grid bearing
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 13
Navigation Instruments
Left to right: Directional Gyro (square shape), Repeater Compass, Magnetic
Compass (in blue case)
Repeater/Magnetic Compass
This can be adjusted by clicking on screen
or via the Course Setter key assignments -
decrease/ increase.
Directional Gyro
This has two levels. The upper level
can be adjusted on screen or via the
Directional Gyro key assignments -
decrease/increase. The lower level is
adjusted by the Autopilot Adjust Course
key assignments - left/right.
In some cases the leader may prefer to fly using the magnetic/repeater compass
rather than setting up the auto-pilot. The complexity of the mission plan (course), length of
leg etc will usually dictate the practicality of employing the auto-pilot.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 14
Autopilot
It is good practice for all members of the bomber formation to prepare their
instruments for auto-pilot flying. The leader’s aircraft may suffer a mechanical issue
or be shot down. The first step to prepare for auto-pilot flying is to align the navigation
instruments.
● Once the pilot has taken off and achieved stable flight, the pilot is to steer within 10
degrees of 312 degrees, then engage Autopilot - Course.
● Later in the mission it will be necessary to align the lower gyro band with the bomb
run course, so you can go to the bombardier’s position. On the bomb-run engage
Autopilot - R22.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 16
Bombing
The JU88 is capable of conducting level bombing, dive-bombing and skip bombing
missions. It has two internal bomb-bays and wing mounts.
● Select an airfield and note its elevation above sea level (see Annex G).
● Spawn at the airfield.
● Rotate the altimeter calibration dial until the altimeter shows an altitude matching the
one in the Annex.
● Hover your mouse over the mbar setting and note down the pressure it displays.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 17
Bomb Load
The Bomb Loadout screen is discussed on p. 59 of the CLoD manual. Currently
this screen is only functional when online. For playing offline, it is recommended that the
preferred bomb loadout is saved online, then selected in the Full Mission Builder for offline
play.
Front Bomb Bay. The front bomb bay can be loaded with:
● GP SC50 Gde II Type J …..... qty 18
● GP SC50 Gde II Type J …...... qty 8
● empty
Rear Bomb Bay. The rear bomb bay can be loaded with:
Wing Mounts. The following bomb configurations can be loaded on the wing mounts:
Bomb Detonator
Level Bombing.
The technique described for JU88 level bombing also applies to the Heinkel 111.
The potential bombardier should make themselves familiar with pages 79-82 of the CLoD
manual.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 18
Salvo Bombing
The most common form of bombing in WW2 was salvo bombing (dropping all bombs
at once). This is what will be covered in this instruction. When starting your level bombing
career give yourself as much time as possible to complete all the steps correctly.
Normally there is plenty of time between taking-off and commencing the bomb run.
During this period ensure that you have completed the following tasks:
In most cases the course to the target will be more than one leg. Find a prominent
feature that will denote the start of the bomb run. Know what the course is from this point
to the target. Use the bomb sight to identify this feature so you can trim the aircraft onto the
correct course.
Aircraft Trim. Attain 320 kmh IAS and then engage R22 auto-pilot mode. It may
take a minute or so for the aircraft to settle in this mode, and possibly 500 feet of altitude.
Ensure propellor pitch, oil and water radiators and manifold pressure are at satisfactory
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 19
levels. During the bomb run you will need to concentrate on IAS, altitude and adjusting the
bombsight.
Bombsight
Before shifting to the bombardier position note the current airspeed (IAS) and
altitude of the aircraft. If the target is located above sea level it will be necessary to subtract
the target’s height above sea level from the altitude indicated. Use the IAS/TAS table
to estimate the true airspeed (TAS). During the approach return to the pilot’s position a
number of times to confirm aircraft altitude and IAS. Note that you can adjust the bombsight
altitude and bombsight velocity from the pilot’s position. You cannot check too often.
Move to the bombardier’s position and select Shift-F1 (default setting) to move to the
bombsight view. Input the TAS and altitude. Use the distance increase/decrease keys to
select a recognizable feature. Then select bombsight automation. If the crosshair is moving
above your chosen point, the bombsight is calibrating too slow, increase your speed setting.
Of course if it is falling below your selected point you will need to decrease your speed
setting. Once you are happy you have a good result turn off the automation. Make sure you
do this before the bombs drop!
Go back to the pilot’s position and get the current altitude and IAS. Repeat the
process. As you get close to the target you will first need to align the horizontal line with the
target, then set automation on. Adjust the vertical line with the Auto-pilot Adjust Left/Right
keys. Not the bombardier’s adjust left/right keys - these only tell you how many degrees to
the left or right of target you are - this is useful if you want to allow for crosswinds.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 20
Put another way, the aircraft is travelling slower than the bombsight setting and/or is
higher than the bombsight setting.
Figure 16 is a simplified explanation of some of the reasons for bombs falling short
or overshooting the target. It presumes one of the factors, altitude or TAS, is correct
and the other incorrect. More than likely, missing is caused by both factors being out by
some margin. Take note of where your bombs hit if they don’t hit the target. Try to learn
something from every bomb run.
Figure 17 describes the same thing but from a different perspective. At Point A the
bombardier sets the bomb-site on the target according to the observed altitude and TAS.
As the plane flies to Point B the horizontal line tracks to a position above the target. The
telescopic barrel of the bombsight is tracking too slow. This is caused by the aircraft flying
faster than the bombsight velocity input or the aircraft is flying higher than the bombsight
altitude input. The bombsight could be tracking a point in space indicated by where the red
line crosses the blue line.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 21
The Gunner
There are three gun positions in the JU88. The default command to remove the
cursor from the screen is F10. This will also result in the mouse controlling the gun while you
are in the gunner’s position. The left mouse fire’s the gun. Reload in the JU88 is automatic,
note, there is no reload animation like, for example, the bf-110.
A multi human crewed aircraft requires all players to spawn at the same airfield. The
non-pilot crew then press ESC and select their position from the list available in the pilot’s
aircraft..
Bail Out
To bail out of the JU88 the following functions need to be assigned a key:
● Jettison Canopy/Hatch/Door (Toggle Canopy function does not operate in the JU88).
● Bail Out.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 24
Fuel Management
Fuel and lubricant management is controlled by the switch box, nine-lamp indicator
(Figure 20) (to the front left of the pilot) and the fuel gauges next to the co-pilot (Figure 21).
Nine-Lamp Indicator. The diagram of the aircraft around the nine lamp indicator is
called the Pumping Diagram. The lamps are, from left to right:
Pumping Diagram
As depicted in-game.
Annexes:
A. Cockpit Familiarisation
In game, hover the mouse over the the cockpit items detailed below to achieve a basic
familiarisation. Follow the instructions detailed in this document to complete your first flight.
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 27
F. Checklists
Key: KBO - Keyboard Assignment Only
Startup
Junkers JU-88 A-1 (Cliffs of Dover Beta Patch v 1.08.18956)
Task Control Operation
Illuminate cockpit Primary and Secondary Set at preferred level
illumination dials
Open Fuel Cocks Fuel Cock Levers - Port and Set to left, right or both.
Starboard
Confirm Radiators are Water and Oil Radiator Levers - Set to closed
closed Port and Starboard
Ignition - Left Engine Engine Selection Switch Select left engine (No 1)
(KBO)
Ignition - Right Engine Engine Selection Switch Select right engine (No 2) -
(KBO)
Select both engines Engine Selection Switch Select both engines (KBO)
Taxi to assigned runway Water and Oil Radiator Levers - Set to 30%
Port and Starboard
II/JG53 JU88A-1 Technical Brief ♤ 34
Align upper gyro band with Gyro dial at lower right of Adjust until upper gyro band
repeater compass instrument matches repeater compass.
Align lower gyro band with Course Autopilot - adjust Adjust until lower gyro band
desired course left/right matches desired course (KBO).
Take-Off
Junkers JU-88 A-1
Task Control Operation
Radiators to 100% open Water and Oil Radiator Set to 100% open
Levers - Port and Starboard
Apply Brakes
Release Brakes
Landing
Junkers JU-88 A-1
Task Control Operation
Select all bomb bays Select Previous/Next Bomb Select All - KBO*
Bay
Bomb Run
Open Bomb Bay Doors Open Bomb Bay Doors Turn Bomb Bay Door
Handle anti-clockwise
Update aircraft factors Altimeter and IAS Return to pilot position, note
(altitude and speed) (remember TAS conversion) factors.
G. Airfield Elevation
IL2 Sturmovik - Cliffs of Dover Airfield elevations
UK AIRFIELDS FRENCH AIRFIELDS
Acknowledgements
The compilers of this document would like to acknowledge the contributions of Blackdog_kt and
ATAG_MajorBoris via the ATAG and 1C forums. They have been the leaders in researching how to
operate the JU88 in il2 Cliffs of Dover and their contribution to the community has been significant.
Other contributors:
ATAG_Keller
“Flea” for the JU88 Performance Data (Annex E).
Felipe - Airfield elevations (Annex G)
Members of the 1C and ATAG forums
Other References:
CLoD Key Command Kit: Cliffs of Dover Key Command Kit v1.0
Junkers JU88 Pilot Notes Translated: Ju-88 Pilot Notes Translated
http://www.allworldwars.com/Ju-88-Flying-Operations-Manual.html
Level Bombing Guide v2.0 by Thor, dated Oct. 28, 2012
We hope you find this Technical Brief on the JU88 interesting and informative. If you would like to
learn more about how to operate the JU88, or the bf109, the fastest way is to join an on-line squad.
Of course, we would recommend II/JG53! We have a Fighter School and a Bomber School and pilots
with hundreds, if not thousands, of hours of experience to show you the ropes.
In development is a series of videos to support the training material in this document. We expect
this to be released to the general public, although you will get more out of them if you view them in
conjunction with attendance at our classes (membership required).
If you enjoy flying the JU88 as a single player, our advanced bomber class takes it to the next
dimension. See you there!
Happy flying,
II/JG53_Felix
II/JG53_Marmusman
Compilers
www.iijg53.com/