Hebrew and English Spelling Book

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THE
UNIVERSITY
OF CHICAGO
LIBRARY
BOUND BY
IMM
ind
: ‫ם‬D‫מלמד שיח לילדי העבריי‬
OR,
HEBREW AND ENGLISH
SPELLING BOOK ,
воок,
ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF
SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE TUITION ,
BEING AN EASY AND CONCISE MODE OP ACQUIRING AN

ATTAINMENT OF THAT
MOST SACRED LANGUAGE .
WHICH WILL BE AFFIXED,
AN ABRIDGMENT OF THE HEBREW GRAMMAR .
By I. L. LYON .
LONDON :
PRINTED AND SOLD BY ABRAHAMS AND SON,
35, ST. MARY AXE, E.C.
5629_1869,
PJ4583
293
Y UBI
IY SIT OF CAG
The UR GK O
LIBRARIES
CHICAGO ILL .
8
: 170566
PREFACE.
This production is designed to furnish young persons, and

even adults , with an easy mode of obtaining a knowledge of
!
spelling and reading the Hebrew Language, adapted to the
sounds of the Spanish, Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
Although many G :ammars have been published, there has
never yet appeared any simplified initiatory book for young
persons, to enable them to acquire, with facility, the knowledge
of this Sacred Language .
This work the Author now presents to the public ; great care
.
and attention having been paid to the classification : the words

are arranged alphabetical, and their number of syllables, in
separate divisions, according to their respective accentuation ;
which will be found to be aa material improvement.
To relieve the difficulties, and meliorate the obstructions of

the pupii, as well as to form an additional help to obtain the
proper pronunciation, the sounds are put in columns ; and are
carefully distinguished by an easy and compendious method
the plan itself is so extremely simple that it will probably be
esteemed a recommendation.
The authorities which have here been followed , with regard

to orthography, accentuation, &c. are selected from the mos
approved Authors.
PREFACE . 4
To the spelling and reading Lessons are added, Fables,

Scriptura Phrases, and Dialogues, necessary for the learner
to be acquainted with ; to which will be appended , a brief (but
compendious) Hebrew Grammar, with Questions and Answers.
On the whole, it has been the Author's ardent endeavour, to

render this Hebrew and English Spelling Book as useful, as the
prescribed limits of the undertaking would permit ; and trusts
it will prove acceptable to the Teacher, as well as to the Pupil,
for whom it is peculiarly intended.
The Author pretends not to boast of new discoveries, but

Aatters himself to have selected every thing that is necessary
and useful. He need not point out the great utility of such a
work ; as it is sufficiently evident to those who are employed in
the care of instructing youth, whether in Schools, or by Private
Tuition. He hopes the Gentlemen of the Profession will do him
the justice to believe, that his design, in this performance, was
not to dictate , but to Ease the Master, as well as to facilitato
the pupil, in his laudable endeavours to acquire a thorough
· knowledge of this Holy Language.
o.id
1
5 HEBREW SPELLING BOOK .
dToB
The Hebrew Alphabet consists of Twenty-two Consonants ; their
Power and Names are adapted to thecorresponding sounds in
the English Language according to the following Table.
y E.JUKU V
POWER. NAMES .
Eazzo
.GIJ
German Spanish German Spanish
KOD
and and and and Figure.
Polish , Portuguese. Polish , Portuguese.
Suu
aseosw
%Uus
A A Aleph Aleph
B S Byse
E
Bet
<
ܵ‫ܪ‬ Bh Vyse Bhet

RES
beſ
22u=>N&
G s Gimmel Gimmel
Gh { Ghimmel Ghimmel Z
nos
D Dallet
sig
non
Dh { Dhollet Dhallet
a
H Hie Hai ‫ה‬
i
n,
V Vov Vav
Z Zoyin Zayin
Hh Hhes aHhet
T Tes Tet
Y Yuid Yod
K ſ Kaph
Kh {Khoph
Lomad
bKhaph
L Lamed
M Mem Mem
N Noon Nun
S Somekh Samekh
Gn Gnoyin Gnayin
Р Pie Pai
Ph Phie Phai
Tsadik
RES
Ts Tsaddai
Qu Quooph "Quooph
R Riesh Raish
Sh Sheen Sheen
S { Seen Seen
T Tov Tav
Th { Thav
a Very aspirate, a guttural similar to the sound of gh in the Scotch .
b Between a Guttural & a Palatine similar to the sound of ch in German Ich .
Simdar to the sound of Q in the French, or koo in English .
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK . 6
The following five Letters, when found at the end of words,

have another shape, and are called Finals.
‫כ‬
Y 57 1 D 7 Finals .
The following Letters are sometimes lengthened .
EL
7 ‫ה‬
2 85
%%
In writing, any other Letter may be written longer.
58 is sometimes put into one, thus
The following Letters are pronounced harder when they have a
dot, and is called DAGESH.
Nn
GG
그
The following Letters being similar, require strict attentica
and practice to become familiar.
2
os i;
Er.
។ . ‫ב‬
ir
iv 3 ‫ק‬P1‫ן‬ ‫ו‬ ‫כ‬
Y ‫ת‬
The Alphabet is divided into five organs of speech, viz .

1. Four Gutturals Yn18 ‫מֵהַכָּרון‬ Throat
Because
they
sounded
are
From
2. Four Palatines ְ‫מֵהַחַיִך‬ Roof

‫גינק‬
the
3. Five Dentals ‫זקצרש‬ ‫מֵהַשְׁנִים‬ Teeth
4. Five Linguals mahu ‫מֵהַלָּשׁוֹן‬ Tongue

5. Four Labials Lips
‫בומף‬ ‫מֵהַשְׂפָתַיִם‬
ON THE VOWEL POINTS .
1st. A Consonant without a Vowel, is like a body deprived
of motion , without life, unutterable ; whence it is clear, that
no language can be pronounced without the aid of Vowels.
The Hebrew Alphabet, consisting of Consonants only, would
have been totally ineffable, were it not for certain marks
about the letters to institute the number of sounds necessary
to articulation.
HEBREW SPEILING BOOK .
2nd. There is no difference between the long and short Vowels

as to pronúnciation or quantity. The Hebrew Grammarians
more properly term them great and little Vowels . - observe
74. the following :-
TABLE 1st -Five great Vowels according to the Pronunciation of the Spanish
and Portuguese Jews.
2.C ‫ או‬.. | 1 ‫או‬ ‫אי‬ ‫א‬ ָ‫א‬ Figure

Shoo -rook aHhoa -loam Hhee-reek Tsai-rai Kā -māts Name
00 87. oa ee ai Power
moon moan meet main bāwl Example
TABLE 1st - Five little Vowels, as above.

ya
ָ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ֶ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Figure

Kib-buts Ká-mats Hhi-rik Se-gel [ Pa-thành Name
u á i e
à Power
tun tán tin ten commà Example
TABLE 2nd.--Seven great Vowels according to the Pronunciation of the
German and Polish Jews,
‫או‬ ‫או‬ Figure

$$ *
Hhow-lowm Me-loo-pim Ko-mots Tsie-rie Hhee-reek Sai-gel Pa-sabh Name
pe
OW 00 o ie ee ai Power
à
town
11
moon
...
lone die ween main commà Example
Table 2nd.--- Five little Vowels,• 856 as above,
$ ‫א‬ Figure
::%
Shu -ruk Ko-mots Hhi-rik Se-gel Pa - sahh Name
u O i e á Power
tun ton tin tán

ten Example
a Hh sounds like gh in the Scotch, a guttural.
ARBREW SPELLING BOOK. 81
Two perpendicular dots, called Sh’ -vo' ( :) is not included in

thevowels, for in truth it hath no sound, not so much as
a short vowel; the pronunciation is so rapid, that it can
hardly be distinguished ; it is generally put under a letter
that has no vowel, either in the beginning or at the end of a
-
word or syllable,—the true sound of which must be required

from a master ,
( :) Sh '-vo' at the beginning of a syllable under the gutterale

UNITX , form the following compounds.
: a as in than
.:
a e then
::%0
T: 0 tongue
The four Letters 1978 when coming after either of the five
>
vowel points, are quiescent or mute.

X
‫א‬ after T. & as

‫קָרָא מָלֵא‬
**
after as
‫אָבָה נְוֵה‬
after as ּ‫ לו‬13
after & as
22 ‫ܕܪ‬
Nis frequently found instead of to point out the long hhirie,
as ‫?ראשון‬
( -) under it ny at the end of a word, sounds Y ang . n ahh ,
A ah .
A point in 7 at the end of a word is called mappik, meaning

utterance , as 7 loh .
Hebrew is read from right to left, and the consonant sounds

beforethe ,
vowel point thus ą, bee, J dai-die, , mai,15
Loa, Low .
arrara
Ariaran
art
Arant
Garfir
ar
sur
ar
as
Dr
ar
Iftar
Table of the Alphabet with Great andlittle Vowels adapted to the sound of
FIVE GREAT VOWELS .
fois
Ari3 SiDa:3:
ami
DMi
Irinin[
eas
บ
*
:
ว
no
[9 ataAro3G-.n
ar
home
i
ee
3
น
บ
ป
%
for
sit
si
La [ .
] NO ............."
the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK .
? * *: - -? * * - -
ಕೆ
ಕೆ É
Ú
Ú
Ě
Ý
prar
imi
fui Dirimini
sirii
Dini
äia
si
si
fa
Di
co
a
* FIVE LITTLE VOWELS .
24
г
,
П
Е-Ф gri
nisi6
Mi
M
Di
:
Si
Air.3 i5:3:
from
srLa-T
For
M. Irons
Ara
Ono
za
fi
si.3g
str
Man
10 grorna
praIrr.
aoor
artararar
sar
Gr
smo
PDF.com
Irini
Qin
Agniriafimogli
31poD
3
10
Table of the Alphabet with seven great Vowel Points, adapted to the sound
3. am ? n1Th9 : sa A a. oyas RrOn

ai or a
Air eve
of the German and Polish Jews.
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK.
ee
‫אי‬
4 x 可行。行 9 2 y A spr20F
几
公
ie
Enon
i
ng : ns Ai a na »
$ Cry
m.ar + RrOpp
0
... P- > A - jr or nar

8.HHH 打 mmmm , 归 ABnBB 归以 H印「们船也 m
= 归日归mp = mgh 归的归 uppor 归们他他们
11 BREW SPELLING BOOK.
препя
Table of the Alphabet with five little Vowel Points adapted to the sound of
the German and Polish Jews,
г.
сын
і
-
u
соНгл
о
лh
ַ‫א‬
.г
Eg
.
2.
п..сд.g-г
2 а 2
3 1
яга
7 1
д
Е.,-42.+пс
окои
81.
Г u
|
о
х Х
гъ.с
Р
1
|
1JFLEL
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK. 12
Example of Monosyllables with great Vowels adapted to the sound of the

Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
*} GREAT VOWELS.
ee
‫ או‬00 ‫ או‬0 ‫אי‬ ‫ א‬ai ָ‫ א‬:
‫אוד‬ ‫אור‬
Eia
ood ör
ILE ail
Ea
#a
Ba
Ria
EJE
=@gna@
‫בּוּץ‬ ‫בור‬
-----
5oots bor bain
‫גוב‬ ‫בֵּר‬
L(
goosb | gobh gair

‫רוב‬ ‫דֶל‬
dobh dail
‫הוד‬ ‫הֵן‬
hod hain
‫זור‬ ‫זית‬
zor zait
‫חום‬ ‫חז‬
hhoots hhom hhaiz hhābh
‫טוב‬ ‫טר‬
tobb tair
1ÉL
‫יום‬
. ?
yom yaish
‫ןכ‬
‫כור‬
‫די‬
"?
kor kbain
13 HEBREW SPELLING BOOK ,
Example of Monosyllables with Little Vowels adapted to the sound of the

Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
LITTLE VOWELS .
: 1 ‫ א‬0 | ‫ א‬is ‫א‬ e

|
ַ‫ א‬a
‫א‬
‫לֶץ‬ ‫לָד‬ ‫לן‬. ‫לב‬ ‫לת‬

luts lod lin lebh làth
‫מן‬ ‫מן‬ ‫מִן‬ ‫מַן‬

mun mon min men man
‫נֶט‬ ‫נָר‬ ‫גל‬ ‫נְד‬ ‫נח‬

nut nor nil ned nahh
‫סל‬ ‫סל‬ ‫סְם‬ ‫סֶד‬
24f
sul sol sim sed saph
‫ער‬ ׂ‫עש‬ ‫עם‬ ‫עֶר‬

da
#ai@
gnud gnos gnim gner
‫פֶּר‬ ‫פָּר‬ ‫פל‬

*
8235*
pur por phil

‫צר‬ ‫עָם‬ ‫צִץ‬
tsur tsom tsits tsel
‫קל‬ ‫קָר‬ ‫קב‬ ‫קו‬

qul quor quibh quer b quay
‫דֶם‬ ‫רָד‬ ‫רם‬ ‫רַן‬

rum rod rim ran
‫תר‬ ‫הָם‬ ‫שָׂם‬ ‫שר‬

thur tom sim shel sar
a i as in tin b
qu as k.
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK .
Eramples of Monosyllables with Griat Vowels adapted to the sound of the

German and Polish Jews.
GREAT VOWELS .
‫ס או‬oww | ָ‫ א‬% Nie ai

‫ או‬00 ‫זן‬
‫ אי‬ee ‫אאֶךה‬ ַ‫ א‬a
‫אוד‬ ‫אום‬ ‫אִישׁ | אֵל‬ ‫אֵך‬ ‫אב‬

ood owm iel eesh aid àv
‫בול‬ ‫בור‬ ‫בֵּן‬ ‫בִין‬ ‫בה‬ ‫ܕ‬
4
bool bowr bien veen baih bas
‫גור‬ ‫גוב‬ ‫גר‬ ‫גיל‬ ‫בֶּה‬ ‫גַּב‬

F4
goor gowy gier geel gaih gav

F6
24
23
6.5
3.5
244
82FFE3*5-
F4
‫דור‬ ‫דור‬ ‫דל‬ ‫דין‬ ‫בֵּך‬ ‫דת‬
84
E3
8-
dowr daid
-
door diel deen
‫הור‬ ‫הוד‬
howd
‫הֶם‬
hiem
‫הִין‬
heen
‫הֶם‬
haim
Ai4F
hoor
ְ‫זוּך‬ ‫זול‬ ‫זר‬ ‫זיר‬

‫זֶה‬
zookh zowl zier zeer zaih
‫חנט‬ ‫חום‬ ‫חֶט‬ ‫חיר‬ ‫הֶם‬

hhoot hhowm hhom hhiet bheer hhaim hhas
‫טור‬ ‫טור‬ ‫טיט‬

‫טֶן‬ ‫טֶא‬
toor towr tien teet tai
‫יול‬ ‫יוס‬ ‫יִין‬. ‫יה‬

yool yowm yien yee yaih
‫פור‬ ‫כור‬ ‫ܕܐ‬ ‫בִּי‬ ‫בֶּה‬
koor kowr kien kee kai
‫לוז‬ ‫לוד‬ ְ‫לֵץ | לָך‬ ‫לִין‬ ‫לֶה‬

looz lowd liets leen laih 1
Eramples of Monosyllables with Little Vowels, adapted to the sound of the

German and Polish Jeros .
LITTLE VOWELS .
‫א‬ u ‫ א‬0 ‫ א‬i ‫& א‬
Ra
‫מֶן‬
gi
F2
88
.#R24#@
men
85
**
F3
868424a8ig
84
24
R4"gaG4@F#2gR
nes
‫סֶן‬
sen
#a
34
Bg
‫עד‬
2
8
&248R&@4
gnul gnim gned gnal
pen
‫אֶל‬
tsel
‫קֵן‬
quom quen quav
‫רֶז‬
rez rabh
‫שֶׁל‬
shom shel shar
seque
‫* תָּם‬
2
‫תם‬ ‫תֵּן‬ ‫תל‬

sim ten
a pu like
Words of onesyllable with great vowels whose first letter is ( :) Sh’vo, and
adh -res to the succeeding letter pointed with a vowel, adapted to the sound
ofthe Spanish and Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
German Spanish and German Spanish
and and and and
Polish. Portuguese. Polish, Portuguese.
l'vien l'bhain
‫ | לְבֵן‬bkho bkha
‫בך‬
l'voosh l'bhoosh ׁ‫ | לָבוּש‬bnee b'nee ‫בְּנִי‬
m'owd m'od ag dee
‫* | מְאֹד‬gdee ‫גְדִי‬
m'quoom m'quoom ‫ | מְקוּם‬gshah g'shāh ‫גְּשָׁה‬
n'vie n'vai d'yo
‫ | נְוֵה‬d'yow
n'hee n' hee ‫ נְהִי‬Vlow v lo ‫וְלֹא‬
s'nie s'nai ‫ סְנָה‬v'kowl v kõl ‫וכל‬
s'own s'on ‫ | סְאן‬ziebh z'aibh ‫זְאֵב‬
p'seel p'theel ‫ | פֶּתִיל‬zvool z'bhool ‫זבול‬
p'ree p'ree ‫ | פְּרִי‬thhowl t'hhol ‫טְחוֹל‬
ts'vee ts'bhee ‫ | צְבִי‬tlai t'lai .‫טלה‬
ts'lee ts'lee ‫צְלִי‬ y'deed y'deed ‫יְדִיד‬
ts'hhowque ts'hhoque ‫ | צְחוֹק‬yhee y'hee ‫יְהִי‬
bqu'-ro qu '-rā ‫ | קְרָא‬ymie y'mai
r'khoosh r'khoosh ׁ‫ | רְכוּש‬kseel k'seel ‫פסיל‬
r'ie r'ai ‫ | רְאֵה‬ksov k'thābh
‫כְּתָב‬
r'o0 r'o0 ּ‫ | רְאו‬kphowr kphor ‫כפור‬
sh'owl sh'ol ‫כפיר‬
‫ | שָׁאול‬kpheer k'pheer
sh'nie sh'nai ‫ | שָׁנִי‬kier k'aibh ‫כאב‬
t'nookh t'nookh
ְ‫ | תְּנוּך‬Thhee l'hhee
‫לְחִי‬
a (8) Hard as in, go. b (9) Like the French ,

RRRikkia
Words of one Syllable with little Vowels, whose first Letter is (:). Shou,
and adheres to the succeeding Letter, pointed with a little Vowel adapted
to the sounds of the Spanish and Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
and and and and
Polish . Portuguese Polish , Portuguese .
vdám vdàm 5hhar b'hhàr
‫וְדַם‬
Vtál brong
v'tàl
‫וְטַל‬ tráng
z'mon z'mán
‫זְמָן‬ ag'vul ag'bhul
l'khol 1khal ‫לכל‬ g'dál g'dal
I'már I'màr d'vásh d'bhash

‫לְמַר‬
-
I'mád l'màd v'im v'im

‫לְמַד‬
‫' ם‬um n'um vál v'àl
‫נְאֻם‬
r’hháque r’hhàque po? v'ráng Tràng
s'vokh s'bhákh v'ess v'et
ְ‫סְבָך‬
sh'lál sh'làl
‫שְׁלָל‬ v'gám vgàm
shming shirnang
màng ‫שְׁמַע‬ v'gán Ngàn
s'máhh s'màhh ‫שְׂמַח‬ V'gál v'gal
Words ofone Syllable, beginning with one of the guttural Letters, and a
compound Vowel.
hha -kham hha- kham ‫חֲכם‬ a - down a-don

‫אֲדוֹן‬
hho -ree hho-ree ‫חָרִי‬ e-mowr e-mor ‫אֶמור‬
hha-zeez hha- zeez ‫חֲזִיז‬ 0-nee 0-nee
‫אָנִי‬
gno-nee gno nee he- vie he-vai
‫עָנִי‬ ‫הֶוָה‬
gne-lee gne-lee ‫עלי‬ ha -voo ha - voo ‫הון‬
gna-khábh gna -khàbh say ha-low ha - lo ‫הֲלֹא‬
gna -rábh gna-ràbh ‫ערב‬ hha-zeer hha-zeer
- - ‫חֲזִיר‬
8 (e) IIard asin - GET,
Words of one Syllable, ending with one of the quiescent Letters, adapted to
the sounds of the Spanish, Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
German Spanish German Spanish German Spanish
and and and and and and
Polish Portuguese Polish Portuguese Polish Portuguese 1
mee hee hee ie ai ‫אי‬

mee ‫מי‬ ‫הִי‬
no na ZOW zo 17 ee ee
‫אי‬
‫נָא‬
zoo ZOO ‫זו‬ bo bā
paih paih ‫פֶה‬ ‫בָּא‬
一是 gai
powh poh ‫פה‬ zaih zaih ‫ | זֶה‬gie ‫בֵּיא‬
lo
phow phõh low ‫ | לא‬gai gai ‫גֵיא‬
pee pee loo loo ‫ לו‬hoo hoo ‫הוא‬
tsee tsee máh mah ‫מה‬ hee hee ‫הוא‬
‫צִי‬
queeb quee ? maih maih ‫מָה‬ hee hee ‫היא‬
ree ree
‫רי‬ moh mah ‫מָה‬ bowa bo ‫בו‬
saih saih ‫שָׂה‬ low lo ‫לו‬ gie gai I
Words of one Syllable ending roith one of the quiescent Letters and is pro•
nounced hard .
LITTLE VOWELS . GREAT VOWELS .
tsav tsà v 18 vov vāv

11
‫ | צו‬giev gaiv
zeev zeev ‫זיו‬ quõv quāv
PI
quán quày ‫ו‬12‫ק‬
dáy dày töv tāv
‫ | דַי‬peev peev ‫פיו‬
gáy gày gowy göy ‫גוי‬ owy бу ‫אוי‬
kooy 지
nháy nhày ‫ | חַי‬howy hoy ‫הוי‬ kooy 13
shay shảy hhoy hhay ‫חי‬
a ow in horo .
b I French q.
soundfull like ( y ) in joy.
4- )
19 HEBREW SFELLING BOOK .
• Words where the (:) Sh’vo adheres to the Letter which precedes it
ְ‫אַךְ בָּךְ גַדְ קָלֶ אֶת אַז חַרְ מַפְ מִן דַרְ דָג‬
Words of one Syllable ending with tuo Sr'uos and both mute.
ַּ‫יִפְתְּ יַשְׁקְ יִבְךְ יִשְׁתְּ נִפְטְ נִרְךְ כַּבְתְּ קשְׁטְ שַׁמְתְּ תֵּבְךְ תַּשְׁת‬
EASY LESSONS OF ONE SYLLABLE .
‫ יום‬- ‫יום‬ ‫הוד‬ ‫תַּן‬ ‫בית־־אל‬

day by day ; praise to him give ofGod the house to go
: ‫הוא‬ ‫טוב‬ ‫כִּי‬
he is. good for
‫לָּכ‬
: ‫טוב‬ ‫אל‬ ‫בָּא‬
the good God , from comes good all
: ‫אָץ‬ ‫רָב‬ ‫בְּית‬ ‫טוב אֶל‬ ‫בֵּן‬

hastens. the master's house. to a good child
: ‫רָץ‬ ‫זֶה‬ ‫בית‬ ‫מִן‬ ‫רָע‬ ‫בֵּן‬
runs away . this house from a bad child
‫ת‬
: ‫גָר‬ ‫טוב‬ ‫בֵּן‬ ‫עם‬ ‫תָּם‬ ‫בֶּן‬
abides a good , child with a still child
: ‫סָר‬ ‫לץ‬ ‫בית‬ ‫מִן‬ ְ‫אַך‬

he turns aside. the scorner's house , from but
LESSON II .
: ‫לי לֶב בִּין‬ ‫חָי ! ' תָּן‬ ‫יָךְ ! אל‬ ‫הה‬

to consider. a heart to me give living God ! Lord ! Oh
: ‫כָּל חֵטְא‬ ‫רָע ; מִן‬ ‫מִן כָּל‬ ‫חַף‬ ְ‫זָך‬ ‫לב‬

sin. all from evil ; all from is free a pure heart
: ׁ‫אִיש‬ ‫כָּל‬ ‫בְּעֵין‬ ‫חֵן‬ "? ‫תֵּן‬ !!‫נָא‬ ‫אֵל‬
men. of all in the sight grace to me, grant now O God !
• ‫חַי‬ ‫הוא‬ ‫מת‬ ‫אַף־אם‬ ‫תם‬ ׁ‫אִיש‬ 2
lives ; he be dea d al-though a stil l man
: ‫חָי‬ ‫ד‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ה‬ ‫טוב‬ ‫כִּי‬

of life. is worthy the good for
‫מת‬ ‫חַי‬ ‫כִּי‬ ‫גם‬ ‫זר‬ ‫כן‬ ‫לא‬

is dead ; he lives while yea the proud man SO not
: ‫חָי‬ ‫כָּל‬ ‫בוז‬ ‫רע‬

his life. all is hated the bad but
LESSON III.
‫כָּל מָט ; אֶל‬ ‫אֶל‬ ‫יָד‬ ‫תֵּן‬ ‫טוב‬ ‫בן‬

to who slip ; all to a hand lends a good child
‫גֶר‬ ‫או‬ ‫אח‬ ‫הן‬ ׁ‫רָש‬ ‫או‬ ‫דֶל‬ ‫כָּל‬
stranger, or brother whether needy or poor all
‫לָךְ בֵּן‬ ‫זה‬ ‫גם‬ ‫כִּי‬ >

‫כָּל גוי‬ ‫מן‬
child to thee this also for nations , all of
! ‫נָא‬ ‫צור‬ ;‫ܕܕܙ‬ ‫כַּף‬ ‫מִן‬

90W Rock of the Lord ; the hand from comes
: ׁ‫אִיש‬ ‫כָּל‬ ‫בֶּעין‬ ‫חֵן‬ ‫לי‬ ‫תֵּן‬

men ! of all in the eyes grace me grant
LESSON IV .
: ‫צר‬ ‫לב‬ ‫ מר‬-. ‫מה‬ ; ‫טוב‬ ‫גִיל מה‬ ‫לב‬

a sore . heart bitter how good ; how a merry heart
‫דם‬ ‫כָּל‬ ; ‫קר‬. ‫דג‬ ‫דם‬ ‫כָּל‬
blood all is cold ; fish's blood all
‫איש‬ = ‫כָּל‬ , ‫הם‬ ‫הוא‬ ׁ‫אִיש‬

every warm , is man's
man's body
, ‫אַף‬ , ‫ראש‬ . ‫דָּם‬ , ‫עור‬ ‫לו‬ ‫יש‬
head, blood , skin , to him is
nose ,
• ‫חֵיק‬ .‫כַּף‬ , ‫יָך‬ ,.‫ללֶבב‬ , ְ‫ שָׁן• אֵיך‬, ‫פֶּה‬

bosom , the palm, hand,, heart, palate, tooth , mouth,,
21 HEBREW SPELLING BOOK.
.
‫קוש‬
‫אל‬ ‫דת‬ ‫אֶת‬ ‫דע‬ : ‫צד‬
of God law the Know a side . a back a leg,
: ‫שְׁמֹאל‬ ‫או‬ ‫יָמִין‬ ‫תט‬ ָ‫נא‬

to the left. nor to the right incline thou not O!
LESSON V.
. ‫וְדוֹם‬ ‫שְׁמַע‬ ‫רְאֵה‬ ‫בְּנִי‬ ‫חֲכַם‬

and be still, attend perceive my son Be wise
; ‫הֶלום‬ ‫גְּשָׁה‬ ‫אֶמור‬ , ‫קר‬ ‫לְבֵן‬

hither ; draw near say a loving to child, {
‫קְרָא‬ ‫בְּקול‬ • ‫כְּסִיל וְחַק‬ ‫לְבֵן‬

cry out with a voice remove, a silly from child
• ‫וְרָא‬ ‫ואל‬ , ‫מְאֹד‬ ‫בְּטוב‬ ‫בְּהַר‬

fear and God ; very the best, choose
: ‫קְנָה‬ ‫אֱמֶת‬ ‫בטוב‬ ‫בְּחַר‬

and buy truth ; the good choose
‫בְּזֶה‬ ‫וְשָׁוְא‬ ‫בְּרַע‬ ‫מאוס‬

hate ; and a lie ; evil reject
; ‫יְצִיר‬ ‫לְכָל‬ ‫יְדִיד‬ ‫תְּהִי‬

creature ; to every friendly be
: ‫גביר‬ ‫הוה‬ ‫באָח‬ ‫ולא‬ ְ‫בְּך‬

over-bearing. be with a brother and not with thyself
Ex Words of Two Syllables ending with one of the mute Letters adapted to the
sound of the Spanish Portuguese, German and Polish Jews
Example 1. with two Long Vowels (~T]

and and and and
Polish , Portuguese. Polish . Portuguese.
mo-voh ma -vāh 0-voh ā - bhāh
mo-noh ma-nah 0- n0
‫מָנָה‬ a -na
#
no-voh na - vah ‫ | נָוָה‬o0 - moh a -mah
‫אָמָה‬
no- so na- sa ba ra
‫ | נָשָׂא‬bo-ro ‫בָּרָא‬
- 80-phoh sa- phah
‫סְפָה‬
bo- kho ta - kha
‫ ל‬80 - roh sa-rah bo-khoh ba -khah

‫סָרָה‬
pho-doh pha -dah ‫ | פָדָה‬go-loh ga-lah ‫גָלָה‬
tso - vo tsa-bhah do-olh da-ah
‫צְבָא‬
i tso - roh tsa-rah ‫ | צָרָה‬do- moh
- da - mah
‫דָמָה‬
quo -pho qua-pha ‫א‬xe
ָ‫ | קָפ‬ho-yoh ha-yah
quo-ro qua-ra
‫קְרָא‬ hho - yok. hha-yha
quo -noh qua-nah ‫ | קָנָה‬hho-voh hha-vah
sho-noh sha -nah
‫ | שָׁנָה‬hho-zoh hha- zah
‫חָזָה‬
80 - n0 sa -na hho-to hha -ta
‫שָׂנָא‬ ‫חָטָא‬
; So-pho sa -phah ‫ | ששָָׂׂפפָָהה‬yo-ngoh ya -ngah
: 80 -goh sa -gah ‫ | שָׁנָה‬ko-khoh ka -khah ‫כְּכָה‬
ka -lah
sho - noh sha- nah
‫ שָׁנָה‬ko-loh ‫בָּלָה‬
- to-ngoh
- ta-ngah ‫ | תָּעָה‬lo- moh la -mah
‫לָמָה‬
Words of Two Syllables ending with one of the mute Letters adapted to the T
sound ofthe Spanish, Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
Example I. with two long vowels (17)
German Spanish German Spanis ?
经受
and and and and
1 |
桑桑桑桑
Polish . Portuguese Polish . Po
hho-zöque hhā-zāque Ö -voque à-bhāque
符号学会作登资年善要
PID
to-roph ta - raph 0 -gol a -gal HE
‫טָרָף‬
yo-gong ya -gang o-tod a tad
ya: DC
yo.quor ya-quar o-khol a - hal

‫יָקָר‬
yo-roque ya- raque 0-som a - sam
P.7 SO
yo shor ya-shar 770 bo-tso) ba - tsal
ko-noph ka -naph 99 bo-roque ba -raque

lo-von la -bhan bo.sor ba - sar
1
lo-shod la -shad
78ş go-zom ga - zam
mootor ma-tar ga-naz

‫ מָטָר‬gonoz
nio -shol ma -shal ga -rabh
Spin go-rov
no-oque na -aque PNdo -vor da - bhar
no-don na-dan 177 do-gon da-gan

BO TOV saurabh ‫ קָרְב‬ho-dor ha-dar
gno.non gna-nan VO -mom va-mam

12 %
gno-phor gna-phar 724 zo-hov za-habh
po -rosh pa-rash bho -rod hha-rad

770
leo - phor tsa-phar ‫צפר‬ hho-gov hha-gabh
Words of Two Syllables ending with one of the mute Letters adapted to the
sound of the Spanish , Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
Example II . with long ( ..) and long :(,)

and and and
Polish Portuguese Polish
lo and
Portuguese
mie -tsor mai- tsār ‫ מצְר‬ie -khoh ai-khāh

‫אֵיכָה‬
mie-oh mai-ah bie - tsoh bai-tsah
‫מֵאָה‬ ‫בֵּיצָה‬
nie - k.lor nai-khar 73 gie-hhoh gai -hhah
‫בֵּיהָה‬
gnie lom
gnai-lam gʻzie gözai-rah
buggzie-rob ‫גְזֵרָה‬
pie - oh pai- ah Opdie-ngohdai-ngah ‫דֶעה‬
tsie-doh tsai.dah ‫ } צדה‬hie- moh hai-mah
IT ‫הֵמָה‬
tsie.long tsai-lang yox hie-khol hai -khal
‫הֵיכָל‬
quie-voh quai-bhab
quai-bhah 1772 zie.ngoh zai -ngah ‫זֵעָה‬
rie-quom rai- quam D2hhie-moh hhai-mah ‫חֲמה‬
shie-gol shai-gal bayong nhie - mor hhai mar
shie-noh shai- nah 7 yie-shong yai-shang you
sie - ngor sai -ngar w kie-roh kai-rah ‫בָּרָה‬
tie -voh tai-bhah ‫ | תֵּיבָה‬lie -vcy lai-bhabh ‫לֵבן‬
ARAR
Example III. Words with long (-) Kametz and (--) Tsai rai.
kö - hien kā-bain | 0- mien ā -main
‫אָמֵן‬
lo - viesh la-bhaish reiss go -dier ga-dair
mo - hier ma- hair
‫ | מָהֵר‬do-vieque da -bhaique ‫דָבֵק‬
no- mier na- mair
Tovo -vie va-vai
gno-mieque gna-maique Fox zo-quien za-quain ‫זָקֵן‬

po - ried pa - raid 7. hho-mietz hha -maitz 127
Example IV. Words with long (º) and long (1)

and and and and
Polish Portuguese Polish Portuguese
kee- moh kee-mah ‫ | כִּימָה‬ee-ro ee - rā

‫אִירָא‬
lee- noh ee -lan
lee - nah
‫ | לִינָה‬ee-lon ‫אִילָן‬
mee-khoh mee- khah ‫ | מִיכָה‬bee -noh bee - nah
‫בִּינָה‬
nee -doh nee-dah
‫ | נִידָה‬be-son bee -than
‫בִּיתָן‬
nee - tson nee -tsan
‫ | נִיצָן‬gee-loh gee -lah ‫בְּיָלָה‬
see - roh see rah ‫ סירה‬dee-noh dee-nah
‫דִינָה‬
pee-moh pee -mah ‫ | פִימָה‬hhee -bob hhee-bah ‫חִיכָּה‬
tsee-tsoh tsee - tsah ‫ | צִיצה‬hhee-doh hhee -dah ‫חִידה‬
quee-noh quee-nah ‫ | קִינָה‬hhee - moh hhee- mah ‫חִימָה‬
ree-moh ree-mah
‫ | רִימָה‬hhee - moshhhee- mash ׁ‫חִימָש‬
shee-noh shee - nah ‫ שִׁינָה‬, tee-roh tee-rah ‫טִירָה‬
see-moh see -mah ‫ ' שִׂימָה‬yee-roh yee-rah
‫יִירָא‬
Example V. Words with long (") and long (•)
- hā-reem
sõ-hheesh sā-hheesh winpho-reem ‫הָרִים‬
ro - meem ra -meem
‫ וְרָמִים‬ho-geeg ha.geeg ‫הָגִיג‬
ro-tseem ra -tseem VO - Veeam va - veem
‫רָצִים‬ ‫וָויִם‬
Z0 • reem za -reem
ro-queeqe ra-queque Pp7 ‫זָרִים‬
S0 - reem sa - reem ‫ שָׂרִים‬hho -tseer
- hha - tseer ‫חציר‬
ׁ‫ׁלִיש‬mehho-leetz
sho-leesh sha --leesh viel ָ‫ש‬ hha - leetz ‫חָלִיץ‬
shc -pheer sha--pheer ‫ שָׁפִיר‬yo -deem ya -deem ‫יָדִים‬
to-meed ta -meed ‫ | תָּמִיד‬no deev na.deebh ‫נָדִיב‬
B
Example VI. Words with (1) and long ( )

and and and and
Polish
:: Portuguese Polish Portuguese
mow.toh mo-tāh
‫ מוֹטָה‬ow-roh o.rāh . ‫אורה‬
mowosor mo.sar
‫ מוֹסְך‬gow.loh go-lah ‫גולה‬
mow-shov mo-shabh ‫ מוֹשָׁב‬gow-ril go -rāl ‫גוֹרָל‬
mow-rod mow- rad ‫ מורד‬dow-doh do.dah
‫דּוֹדָה‬
gnow -lim gno.lam ‫ עולָם‬dow -nog do -nag ‫בּוֹנָן‬
gnow-lol gno -lal ‫ עולל‬how-voh ho -vah
‫הוה‬
tsow-phoh tso -phah ‫ | צוֹפָה‬hhow-moh hho- mah ‫חוֹמָה‬
quow -moh quo -mah ‫ קוֹמָה‬tow-voh to - bhah ‫טובה‬
show -oh sho -ah ‫ | שׁואָה‬kow.ving ko-bhang ‫כּוֹבַע‬
Example VII. Words with long (v) and (1)
mo- owr ma- or

‫ מָאוֹר‬o0-dowm ā-dom
‫אדום‬ ‫זן‬
mo-hhowl ma -hhöl ‫ מחול‬o-khowl a - khol

‫אכול‬
mo-quowm ma -quom ‫מקום‬ 0 -mown a-mon
‫אמון‬
-
i quo-dowsh -
qua -dosh ׁ‫ } קָדוֹש‬o-showy 0 a-shobh
‫אָשׁוב‬
: sho-sows sha-thoth ‫ שָׁתות‬bo -owr ba - 0r ‫באור‬
80 -SOwn sa -son
‫ שָׂשׂון‬go-dowl ga-dol ‫גדול‬
sho-mowr sha -mor ‫ שְׁמור‬ho- mown ha- man ‫הָמין‬
to - owr ta - or ‫ תָּאור‬zo-down za-don
to-vowsh ta -bhosh ׁ‫ תָּבוֹש‬. ko -vowd ka-bhod

‫כָּבוֹד‬
to -mowl ta -möl ‫ תָּמוֹל‬lo shown la-shon ‫לשון‬
Example VIII . Words (9) and long (-)

and and and and
Polish . Portuguese. Polish , Portuguese.
moo-tsoquemoo-tsāque p ¥ 12 boo-shoh boo -shāh ‫בּוּשָׁה‬

800 - gör 800 -gār 7290 goo -phoh goo-phah ‫גוּפָה‬
gnoo-roh gnoo -rāh hy doo -moh doo -mah ‫דוּמָה‬
gnoo -gõv gnoo -gabh IY yoo-vo yoo-bha ‫יוּבָא‬
shoo -hhoh shoo -hhah Marie koo-mõz koo -māz ‫כּוּמָן‬
shoo -ngol shoo -ngāl Symoo-phöz moo -phāz ‫מוּכָן‬
Example IX. Words with long (1) and ( )
no -bhoosh nā-hhoosh wine bo-rookh bā -rookh ְ‫בָּרוּך‬

so - goor, sa -goor 999pyo -tsookh ya -tsookh ְ‫יָצוּך‬
gno -boor gna -boor 937 yo-quoosh ya- quoosh ׁ‫יָקוּש‬
gno -goor gna -goor aylo-mood la-mood ‫למוד‬
gno- rokh gna- rookh gily, mo-gnooz ma- gnooz ‫מָעוּז‬
po -rood pa -rood ‫ פָּרוּד‬mo -gnooph magnooph ‫מָעוּף‬
套
Example X. Words with ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

S00 - roo S00 - roo Die - tsie ai-tsai ‫אצא‬
gnoo-roo gnoo -roo 979 hhie-riesh hhai -raish ׁ‫חֶרֶש‬
OFFRE
tie -tie tai- tai ‫טאטא‬

quoo-moo quoo-moo 12:17
shoo - voo shoo -bhoo 999 hie -hhiel hai-hhail ‫החל‬
OW - SOW 00-too ‫ | אותו‬ngee - ree ngee -ree ‫עירי‬
bow -row bo-ro 1992 quee- ree quee - ree ‫קירי‬
kow -Sow ko - so 1010 shee-shee shee - shee
HBBEEW SPELLING BOOK . 28
Example XI . Words of two Syllables with long vowels, wnose

first vowel is pronounced (:)
Gcrman Spanish German Spanish
and and and and
Polish Portuguese . Polish Portuguese ,
z'mow - roh z'mo - rāh TYD bʻro -kho bra- hhah ‫בְּרָכָה‬
t'mie -ie t'mai-ai '89 b'ngie -nie b'ngai -nai s'ya
m'vee - ie m-bhee -ai bgie -now b'gai-no ‫בְּגֶנו‬
n'phoo -tsie n'phoo -tsai 82 b'soo -see b'soo - thee DDD
slee-hhows s'lee.hhóth yn bob'sie-raph b'sai -raph gwa
s'hhow - roh s'hho -rāh ‫ סְח‬bʻree - yows bree--yōth ‫ת‬41
‫ֹרָה‬no ‫ְּר‬9‫ב‬
‫ִיו‬87
p'low -nee p'lo -nee ‫ פְּלוֹנִי‬gdo-rie g'dā - rai 77
‫רוּתו‬79
p'roo- sow p'roo-tho9991 ְּ‫ פ‬gʻlee-lo glee-lah ‫גְלִילָה‬
qu'die-roh qu'dai-rāh 777? gʻzie- row g'zai-ro ֹ‫בְּאֵרו‬
shľvee-gneesh'bhee-nge vyombo d'vo-reem d'bhā-reem D'777
sh'moo-ngosh'moo -ngāpaspi d'moo -sokhd'moo- tákh 79127
t-shoo -voht-shoo-bha ‫ תִּשׁוּבָה‬/ sho-lowmvsha-lom ‫וְשָׁלוֹם‬
t'- roo -moh t’-roo māh main | v’zo-khoo vzā -khoo ּ‫וְזָכו‬
Examples whose 2nd. Vowel is Pronounced.
10w -m'deem lo-m '-deem Diyos ow -m'-reem o-m '-reem Dirnya

mo -ts'-0-0 mā- ts'- 00 18şq bow -g--die bo - g -dai ‫בּוֹגְדִי‬
no-gʻ-shōh nā-gʻshāh memango-l-soh ga -thah ‫גָּלְתָה‬
gã-l-r-thah
sow-v'vie so -bh'bhai 10 do- r -shoo dā - r'shoo ּ‫דָּרְשׁו‬
po -r'shoh po-r'-shāh menimpha-l".100
:
hà - l -loo ‫הַללו‬
tso.1'- loo ּ‫ צַלְלו‬oos'-ko -loo oos'-kā - loo Spor
tsā - l'loo
loo ּ‫ו‬Stop
quo-t -lõh quã-t-100 ‫ קָטְל‬ta-1-100
tà td -l -loo ּ‫טַלְלו‬
row -m'moo ro- m '-moo 92217 yow-sh'-vie yo-sh -bhai 2009
套餐
Example XII . Words of two Syllables with one long and one
登登登登
short vowel.
登登登
and and and and
尹泰英
===
à -hhad
yul-lad yul-lad 7: a-hhad
登
ka -ngas kà.ngas Dyp ish -shoh ish - shāh
kai-seph kai-seph uk -kál uk -kal

‫בֶּסֶף‬
làhay là - habh ‫ להב‬ba-has bà hạt
lai-hhem lai-hhem om . bai- ten bai-ten
mai- lekh biz-zāh

mai-lekh Ke biz-zoh
mil- lõh mil- lah ‫ מִלָּה‬bus-shal bus- shal
gà
nai-phesh nai-phesh wɔ gd-hhal gà -hhal
sa- ngar sà -ngar yo gai-shem
- gai --shem
sai-mel sai-mel giz -zāh
‫סְמֶל‬ giz.zoh
suk -kāh
suk -kõh
‫ סְכָּה‬da-gnas dà -gnat
dai-rekh
gnai-rev gnai--rebh ‫ב‬7
ֶ‫ עֶר‬dai-rekh
pai -leg pai-leg ‫ּלֶג‬9ֶ‫ פ‬bai-vel
15 hai-bhel
tsd -ngar tsa - ngar hik -koh hik - kāh

‫צְעַר‬
tsiv -võh tsiv -väh hul- lal hul- lal
‫צוה‬
rà- ngash
rdrà--ngash wyn zai-phes zai-phet
zim -māh
rin -nāh
‫ָנָה‬7‫ ר‬zim -moh
77
rin -nõh
shai-men shai-men hhai

-red
meie hhai-red
-
shid -doh shid -cāh ib-b-boh
hhib oh bhib -bāh
‫ | שָׁנָה‬nh ‫חִבָּה‬
ta -ngar tà -ngay tà-ngam tà -gnam
tuin -mee tum -mee tai- reph tai-reph
on
Example XIII. Words of two Syllables with short vowels, tne

first Syllable ending with mute (:)
German Spanish German Spansih
and and and and
ez.ràhb
kár- pás kar -pàs ‫ פַּרְפַּס‬ez -rihh ‫אֶזְרַח‬
lehh-lás lehh - làt
‫ לֶחֶלֶת‬dl.mdn àl-màn
‫אַלְמַן‬
làl um -lál
mál- mád mal mad ‫ מלמד‬um-lal ‫אֶמְלַל‬
miz-báhh miz -bàhh ‫ | מִזְבַּח‬bar -bar bàr -bàr
‫בַּרְבַּר‬
mel- tzád mel.tzàd ‫ | מלצד‬bar-zel bàr.zel
‫בַּרְזֶל‬
nish -más nish -màth many
ַ‫ נִשְׁמ‬gál-gál gal gal
‫גִּלְגָּל‬
‫ת‬
sán-sán sàn sàn
jo gár-zen gàr-zen ២១
gneglás gneg làth insay dàr -dar
‫ עֶגְלַת‬dár-dár 7777
‫ַת‬by habh- habh ‫הבהב‬
gnor-lás gnár-làth
gnár-làth ‫ עֶרְל‬háv-háv
-
pár-vár pår-vár ‫פַּרְוָר‬ zál-zál zàl- zàl bihi

quin -as quin -dth pás hher-path ‫חֶרְפַּת‬
‫ קִנְאַת‬hher-pis
quár-quáng quà - quàng VPP hhár-tzán hhàr -tzàn ‫חַרְצַן‬
quor- bon quán bán hhem-ás hhem-ath ‫חֶמְאַת‬
‫קָרְבָּן‬
shen -áv shen-habh ‫ | שֶׁנְהַב‬-ás
tum•as tum -at
‫טְמְאַת‬
shul-hhấn shul-bhàn ‫ן‬golpes
ַ‫ שֶׁלְח‬yesh-khem yesh-khem ‫יִשְׁכֶם‬
táhh -mán tahh-mds Dann yis-máhh yis-mhàh nale !
titz - láhh titz - làhih ‫ תִּצְלַח‬kremel kar -mel ‫צֶרְמֶל‬
Example XIV. Words of two Syllables, ending with one of the
quiescent letterswhich sounds.
po noy pā -nāy 10-veev ā -bheev ‫אָבִיו‬
po - nooy pa-nooy Dhha -gowy hah-goy ‫הגוי‬
sho - liev sha-laiv
‫שְׁל‬j vo-nowy
‫ו‬o‫ֵי‬bo vā -noy
‫וָנוי‬
to- meed . ta -meed ‫ תמיד‬gno lov gnā-lāv ‫עליו‬
31 HEBREW SPELLING BOOK
Example XV . Words of two syllables ending in ah n ah

‫ ע‬ang •
and and and and
now -ahh nõ -ahh ‫ | נח‬gree-ahh bree -ahh ַ‫בְּרִיח‬
now- ang no-ang ‫ נוע‬g'vow -hd gbho - ha ‫בוה‬
pee-ahh pee -ahh ַ‫ פִיח‬g'vee-ang gbhee-ang ‫גְבִײַע‬
roo-ahh * roo -ahh ‫ | רוח‬die ang dai- ang
‫ | רע‬tee-ahh tee - ahh
£
roo -ang roo -ang ַ‫טִיח‬
rie-ang rai- ang ‫ | רע‬too-ahh too -ahh ַ‫טוּח‬
rie -ang rai- ang ‫ רֵיע‬ygee-ang ygee -ang ַ‫יְגִיע‬
row-ang ro-ang ‫ | רוע‬yts00-ang y't800 -ang
shoo-ahb shoo-ahh ַ‫ | שׁוּח‬kow-ahh ko-ahh
sie -ahh sai-ahh ַ‫ | שִׂיח‬kow-ahh ko-ahh ‫כח‬
see-ahh see-ahh ַ‫ | שיח‬lie-ahh lai -ahh ַ‫לֵח‬
sooh -ahh 800-ahh ַ‫ | שׂוּח‬loo-ang loo -ang ‫לוע‬
tquow.ang tquo-ang ‫ |תָּקוע‬mow.ahh mo-ahh ‫מוח‬
Reading Lessons of two Syllables.

‫וּסְתָיו‬ ‫אַרְבַּע עתִּי שָׁנָה הֵמָּה ; קַיִץ חֹרֶף אָבִיב‬
winter . spring autumn summer they are year seasons four
‫הֵמָה‬ ‫אֵלֶה‬ ‫בַּשָּׁנָה‬ ׁ‫חדֶש‬ ‫שְׁנֵים־עשר‬
they these are in a year months Twelve
‫תִּשְׁרִי‬ ‫אֱלוּל‬ ‫אב‬ ‫תמוז‬ ‫סִיון‬ ‫אִיָּר‬ ‫נִיסָן‬
tishree elul abh tammuz sivan . iyar nisan
‫בִּשְׁנַת־‬ ‫אֲדָר‬ ‫שְׁבָט‬ ‫טבת‬ ‫כִּסְלָיו‬ ‫חֶשְׁון‬

year adar shvat tebet kislev hheshvan
: ‫שני‬ ‫אֲדָר‬ ‫נִקְרָא‬ ‫אֶחָד‬ ׁ‫חדֶש‬ ‫עוד‬ ‫עבור‬
adar month
LESSON II .
• ‫אֱלֹהִים‬ ‫בִּי‬ ‫בְּרָא‬ ‫טהור‬ ‫לב‬

O God in me create a pure heart
• ‫בְּקִרְבִּי‬ ׁ‫חַדְש‬ ‫נָבוֹן‬ ַ‫רוּח‬

within me . re-new a wise spirit
‫לְבָבִי‬ . ‫יחד‬ ָ‫אוֹתְך‬ ‫לְאַהֲבָה‬

my heart. only thee to love.
• ‫בעים‬ ‫אל‬ ְ‫שְׁמֶך‬ ‫לְיִרְאָה‬

those who know 0 God ! . thy name . fear to
‫גְּבוֹהִים‬ ‫מאור‬ ‫הוֹפַע‬ ‫נַפְשִׁי‬

of the skies , than the light is brighter my soul
: ‫אֱלֹהִים‬ ‫תורת‬ ‫בְּנַעם‬ ‫לַחֲזות‬

of God . the law the beauty to observe
‫תְּמִימָה‬ ‫בְּמִתֵק‬ ‫אֶשְׁנֶה‬ ‫חושי‬

perfect with sweetness will I ponder my meditations
‫נְשָׁמָה‬ ‫לְהַשְׁלִים‬ ‫אֶהְגֶה‬ ‫בה‬
the soul ;. to requite I will study therein

: ‫פִּשְׁעי‬ ‫גַּם‬ ‫מְחִה‬ ‫נְעוּרִי‬ ‫חטאת‬
my fault also blot out of my youth the sin
!‫יִשְׁעי‬ ‫אל‬ ׁ‫אֲבַקְש‬ ‫זאת אֶשְׁאַל‬

my helper ! 0 God I will seek, will I ask this
• ‫לִשְׁמְעָה‬ ‫אֶהִי‬ ‫בל‬ ‫אָדָם‬ ‫בְּעינֵי‬

put to shame . I shall not of man in the sight .
: ‫אֶמְצָא‬ ְ‫בְּעֵינַיִך‬ ]] ‫גם‬ ‫אָז‬ ְ‫אֵך‬
shall I find . .in thy sight grace also then yea
Example of Words of Three Syllables with Long and Short Vowels,

German and Polish . Spanish and Portuguese.
0 - tsol - to ā-tsal-tà
ָּ‫אָצַלְת‬
ar -bo -ngoh ar- bā- ngah ‫אַרְבָּעָה‬
a-hha-row-noh à- hha- ro - nah
‫אַחֲרֹנָה‬
o - laph -to à -laph - tā ָּ‫אָלַפְת‬
ie-lam -mov ai- lam - ınav ‫אֵלָמָיו‬
ar -tsai-kho ar -tsai - kha
ְ‫אַרְצֵך‬
0-phan-nee 0-phan-nee ‫אוֹפַנִּי‬
bo-o-dom ba-a-dam ‫בָּאָדָם‬
bo -ro - so ba -ra -ta
ָ‫בָּרָאת‬
bie -nie -khem bai nai -khem
‫בֵּינִיכֶם‬
bo -nai-khoh ba - nai - kha
‫בְּנֵיך‬
bi -shal- to bā -shal- tā
ָּ‫בְּשַׁלְת‬
bit- hhowendy bit -kho- này ‫בְּטְחוֹנִי‬
bar -bu - reem bar-bu -reem
‫בַּרְבָּרִים‬
baque -boo -quee baque -boo -quee ‫בַּקְבּוּקִי‬
gal- gral-lov gral -gal-lav ‫גַּלְגַלָיו‬
gow- lo-mie go -la - mai ‫גוֹלָמִי‬
gul-gow -les gul-go - let ‫וּלְגוֹלֶת‬
gan -nai- ho gan -nai- ha ָ‫נְנֶיה‬
gab -bow -sov gab -bo -thāv ‫גַּבּוֹתָיו‬
do - rash - tee dā - rash - tee
ָּ‫דָּרַשְׁת‬
doo -khce -phás doo -khee-phat ‫דוכיפת‬
day -vo -náy dày- ya- này ‫הַיָּנַי‬
hai- ho - roh hai- ha - rah
‫הֶהָרָה‬
h hai -nga -bhar
German , &c Spanish, &c.

had -do -gon had - da -gan
háy -yo - shor hay - ya -shar ‫הַיָּשָׁר‬

hish -il-teev hish - il-teev ‫השאלתִּיו‬
hik-kee-see hik -kee - thee ‫הִכִּיתִי‬
ham -manga-non ham -manga -nan ‫הַמַענָן‬
hak -kà - ngas hak -ka -ngas ‫הַכַּעַס‬
hay- ho -váy habh- ha -bhay ‫הַנְהָבַי‬
ham- mov-soh ham- may -thah
‫הַמָּוֶתָך‬
haz - za - ngam haz -za -ngam ‫השם‬
hash -shå -hhar
hash - sho -hhar
‫הַשְׁחָר‬
ham -mal-okh ham -mal-akh ְ‫הַמַּלְאָך‬
; hap -pa -hhad hap- pa -hhad ‫הַפַּחַד‬
him - statz - to him - tsatz - tā ָּ‫הַמְצַצְת‬
hish - bar- tee hish - bar. tee ‫הִשְׁבַּרְתִּי‬
hique - rav-noo hique -rabh -noo ּ‫הִקְרַבְנו‬
váy-yo-hhal vay - ya -hhal ‫וַיָּחֵל‬
Vo- d - ngan vā - ā -ngan ‫וָאָען‬
vo -pha - hhas va - pha - hhat ‫וָפַחַת‬
zo -vahh -tee zā -bhahh - tee
‫זָבַחְתִּי‬
‫ג‬ hhol-hho-loh hhal -hha-lah
‫הָלְחָלָה‬
hho - tso - yoo hhā-tsa-bhoo
ּ‫חָצָבו‬
‫מי‬ hhir - hhar -to hhir-hhar-tā
ָּ‫חַרְחַרְת‬
‫מר‬ hhir -hhar -tee hhir - hhar -tee
‫חַרְחַרְתִּי‬
hhow-lo -lay hho -la -lay ‫הוֹלְלִי‬
5. tu phash -noo tā - phash -noo ּ‫טפֶשְׁנו‬
German and Polish. Spanish and Portuguese

tow - lie - les to - lai- let
‫טוֹלֶלֶת‬
tal - lai-kho tal -lai - kha
ְ‫טֵלֶיך‬
yo-ga - ngat ya -ga - ngat
ְּ‫יָגְעַת‬
yow-da- ngas yo -da -ngat
‫יודעת‬
yo -lal- to ya-lal-ta
ָּ‫יָלְלֶת‬
yo -khowl-tee ya -khol -tee ‫יָכֹלְתִּי‬
ko - ro -to kå - ra - tā
ָּ‫כָּרָת‬
kir - vee-veem kir - bhee - bheem
‫בְּרְבִיבִים‬
kis - ngee - reem kis - ngee - reem
‫בְּשְׂעירִים‬
kis - see - see kis -see -thee ‫כּסִיתִי‬
kil - kal - tee kil -kal - tee
‫בְּלִבִּלְתִּי‬
kip -la - yim kip -la -yim ‫כִּפְלַיִם‬
I'vá -ho - võh 1bha - ha - bhah
lo -qua -hhas
‫לְבָהָבָה‬
la -quà - that ‫קְחַת‬
lo-quat- no la -quat -noo ּ‫לָקְטְנו‬
low - khai - des lo - khai - det
‫לוּכְדֶת‬
low - shai -nes lu -shai -net
lo - tsai - nah
ְ‫| לוֹשֶׁנְת‬
low- tsie- noh
‫לוצנָה‬
mat -to - rõh mat -ta - rah
‫מַפָּרָה‬
mo- sho-loh ma -sha -lah
ְ‫מְשָׁלָך‬
m'ts0-0 - som m'tsa - a -tham ‫מצאתם‬
mee -mee - nee mee -mee - nee
‫מִימִינִי‬
mie - rar -teev mai - rar -teev ‫מֶרְרתִּיו‬
mil- lal- to mil- lal- tā
ָּ‫מָלַלְת‬
mo -hhatz -to må -bhatz -ta
ָּ‫מָחַצְת‬
HEBREW SPELLING BOXk . 36
German and Polish . Spanish and Portuguese.
no -shaph -to nā -shaph - tā ָּ‫נָשַׁפְת‬
no-ngar-teev nā -gnar - teev ‫נָעַרְתִּיו‬
nits - tsatsteev nits- tsats- teev ‫נְצַצְתִּיו‬
nique -quar-tee nique-quar-tee ‫נְקִרְתִּי‬
nie-row -say nai-ro-thay ‫נְרוֹתי‬
so-lo-khoh sa-la-khah
‫סְלָכָה‬
so -ngad -to sā -gnad -tā
ָּ‫קָעַרְת‬
so-lal -to sa -lal - ta ָּ‫חָלַלְת‬
so'y -lai-les so - lai - let
‫סוֹלֶלֶת‬
guie-nie-khem gnai- nai-kbem ‫עֵינִיכֶם‬
# nav -lo -soh gnay - la -thāh
‫עוֹלָתָה‬
gnit-too-ray gnit-too -ray ‫עטוּרֵי‬
gnow.lo -lov gno -la -lay ‫עוֹלָלָיו‬
gnig -goo.lah gnig -goo -lāb ‫עגוּלָה‬
po -ro -quo0 pā -rā.quoo ּ‫פָּרָקו‬
pit-to-hhoo pit -ta -hho0 ּ‫פְתָּחו‬
pig -goo - lov pig - goo - lāv ‫פְּגוּלָיו‬
pits -tsal-tee pits - tsal-tee ‫פְּצַלְתִּי‬
tsip -pee- see tsip -pee- thee ‫צפיתי‬
quiv-vee-see quiv -vee -thee ‫קֵנִיתִי‬
quad -da -hhas quad -da - hhat ‫קַדַּחַת‬
ro-hho-möh rā -hhā -māh ‫מה‬ ‫רח‬
‫זן זוין‬
sho -lo - moh sha -la - mah ‫שְׁלָמָה‬

sho-mang-to sha - mang -ta
ָּ‫שָׁמַעְת‬
sho- miy- moh sha - may- mah
‫שָׁמָיְמָה‬
37 HEBRE
W
SPELL
ING
BOOK .
0 children come and ‫עת‬-‫לכוּ בָנִים • שִׁמְעוּ לִי • בְּכָל‬

attend to me;at all times
be neatly clad ; and let
your hands and face, ‫יִהְיוּ עֲלֵיכֶם בְּגָדִים לְבָנִים‬
Seelean
be ,Chen, wiener ּ‫בְּנִקְיוֹן יָד • בְּזַבּוּת פָּנִים • תִּלְכו‬
, you
go abroad , you will ob
.
tain respect both from ‫אָז תִּמְצְאוּ הֵן‬

young and old .
‫בְּחוּצוֹת גַּם בְּנֵנִים‬
: ‫בְּעֵינֵי נְעָרִים וּבְעֵינֵי זְקֵנִים‬
marled ‫ר‬us‫ ; או‬goodiein
The Law Moses com
‫ בָּנִים טוֹבִים ב‬:‫תּוֹרָה צְנָה לָנוּמֹשֶׁה‬
chil
‫ב‬make
‫ שו‬them good ; bad14 ‫למדים אוֹתָה הֵיטִיב • בָּנִים‬
children take no heed to
; they ‫זָרִים אֵינָם חוֹשְׁקִים לִלְמוֹד דָּבָר‬
religrant,which wwill ‫מִבְּלִי יָדְעוּ מָרָה תִהְיֶה לָהֶם אַחֲרֵי‬
for ever embitter their
lives .
: ‫יָמִים רַיִּים‬
)Guard mytonguefrom ‫נְצוֹר לְשׁוֹנִי מֵרָע • וּשְׁפָתִי מְדַבֶּר‬
evil and my lips from
uttering deceit.
: ‫מִרְמָה‬
Respect age, and rise

up before the hoary.
: ‫כַּבֵּד זָקֵן • מִפְּנֵי שֵׂיבָה תָּקוּם‬
Give unto God song
and praise, for he is good
‫ וְהַלְל • כִּי הוּא‬: ‫תֵּן לָאֵל שִׁיר‬
and merciful . : ‫אל טוב וְאֶל רַחוּם‬
-T , AI ‫אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהִים אֶל שַׁדַי בָּרָא אֶת‬
Lord Godhe
mighty, who createdthis
‫ אֶת‬: ּ‫העולסְ תֵּבֵל וּמלֹאָה‬
the fullness thereof ; the
avensandalltheti08 ‫הַשָּׁמַיִם וְכָל צְבָאָם מֵעל אֶת הָאָרֶץ‬
above ; the earth ,
host
aliet ‫ין‬-ldefens
‫מ‬
low, and all substances
13‫וצֶאֱצָאֶיהָ מִתַּחַת וְאֵת כָּל הַיְקוּם‬
which is thereon ; the ׁ‫ צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם • הַשֶׁמֶש‬: ‫אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם‬
heavenly host, the sun,
te n‫מות‬, ‫ זו‬stars,ani ‫ הָאָרֶץ‬: ‫וְהַיָּרֵחַ הַכּוֹכָבִים וְהַמַזָלוֹת‬
the zodiacal signs. The
earth revolvesround the ׁ‫סובב אֶת־הַשֶׁמֶשׁ • בְּהִיות הַשָּׁמֶש‬
sun ; when the sun is
‫ סט‬e the earth, t i
light ; and when the sun
‫ וּבְדָיות‬: ‫מעל לָאָרֶץ הוא אור‬
isdarkbelow the earth it is : ְ‫ הוא חשֶׁך‬- ‫השָּׁמֶשׁ מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ‬

; to the light he
called igle ‫לָאוֹר יִקְרָא יום • וְלַחֹשֶׁךְ יִקְרָא‬
darknesiehe cealednight.
to the
: ‫ליְלָה‬
Speak not in ears
ofapol,leshelespi ‫בְּאָזְנֵי כְּפִיל אַל תְּדַבֵּר פֶּן יָבוּז‬
the wisdom of thywords
: ְ‫לִשְׂכֶל מִלִיך‬
Death and life are in
the power of the tongue. : ‫מָוֶת וְחַיִּים בְּיַד הַלָּשׁון‬
‫הָעֶלְיוֹן בַּחִים הָאָדָם • הַמַּשְׂכִּיל‬
The superioity of man ‫הַמְדַבֵּר חָכְמָתו משֶׁלֶת‬
is intellect and speech,
his wisdom rules the ‫בַּצְמָחִים • וּבְחַיוֹת וּבְרְי הַמַים‬
plants, animals, fish,
and trees ;; he is a con‫וּבְעֵצִים • הַרְכָּבָתוֹ מֵחֹמֶר וּנִשְׁמָה • ב‬
pound ofclay and spirit,
clay is from water, salt,
‫הַחֹמֶר מָרְכָּב מְמַיִם • מִמֶּלֶה מִשְׁמֶן‬
oil, and dust. : ‫מַעפָר‬
‫ הַשָּׂכֶל‬: ‫הַנְשָׁמָה נֹתְנֶת הַדָּעת‬
The soul imparteth
knowledge, intellect and • ‫ וּמֵהֶם הַחַיִּים‬: ‫וּבִינָה‬
understanding and from
them proceeds life, will, ‫הָרָצוֹן וּתְנוּעה • הַתַּאֲוָה הַחֶמְדָה‬
roving, desire, covet:
ousness , anger , fury , ‫ה‬Anne
ָ‫ַשִׂמְח‬n‫הַזֶּעם • הַכַּעס • הַיָגון • ה‬
sorrow , joy, and
. Maniear
dregaval eth with : ‫ הָאָדָם שׁוֹמֵעבְּאָזְנַיִם‬:‫הַפַּחַדוָאמֵץ‬
ear ,smelet nose, ְ‫מְרִיחַ בְּאַפַּיִם רֹאֶה בְעֵינַיִם הלֶך‬
withno5
with heyes, and • •
walketh with feet.
: ‫בִּרְגִלְעָם‬
These four letters ‫ יהוה‬the appellation of the Eternal, being
the inaffable name is never pronounced by the Israelites on any
occasion whatever: whenever it is found thus pointed ‫ יהוה‬it
is read ‫ אֲדֹנָי‬Lord; when pointed_thus ‫ יְהוָה‬it is read
‫ אֱלֹהִים‬.God
ָ‫ יְי‬is often put for ‫ יְהוָה‬andis read ‫ אֲדנָי‬.Lord
‫ד‬
39 PABLES .
The trees & the bromote. : ‫העצים והאטד‬

The trees went forth
to elect a king over
them ; and they said ‫הָלוֹךְ הָלְכוּ הָעצים לִמְשֹׁחַעֲלֵיהֶם‬
unto
reign
the
olive tree, ‫ וַיֹּאמְרוּ לְזַַייִִתת מַלְוּכָה‬: ְ‫מֶלֶך‬
thou over us .
288
But
tentialTeaid ‫ הֶחְדַלְתִּי‬, ‫עלינו; וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַזִית‬
unto them , shall I
my fatness, wherewith
‫ שמע‬eyelineili ‫אֶת־בְּשְׁנִי אֲשֶׁר בִּי יְכַבְּדוּ אֱלֹהִים‬
and man, and go to
be prom
promoteddresse 8 ? ‫וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנוע על הָעֵצִים‬, ‫וַאֲנָשִׁים‬
over :the
said
tees ? Then
tie fiebush ; ְּ‫ לְכִי־אַת‬: ‫וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָעֵצִים לַתְּאֵנָה‬
come thou and reign
over us, and the fig ‫מָלָכִיעָלֵינוּ ; וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַתְּאֵנָה‬
bush said unto them,
shal Torake ‫ וְאֶת־תְּנוּבָתִי צמר‬, ‫הֶחְדַלְתִּי אֶת־מָתְקִי‬
sweetness, and my deli.
>
cious fruit, and go to

be promoted over the
• ‫ וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנגַּע על הָעצים‬, ‫הַטוֹבָה‬
trees ? And the trees
said unto the vine, come
‫וַיֹּאמְרוּ הֵעצים לִגְפֶן לְכִי אַתְּ מָלְוּכִי‬
9 >
thou, and reign over

us, but vine said
‫עָלֵינוּ; וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַגְפֶן הֶחֶדַלְתִּי‬
>
unto them shalloewe ‫ תִּירוֹשִׁי הַמִשמֵחַ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁיס‬-‫אֶת‬

my wine, which cheer
cth opian ange
God
, ni ּ‫וְהָלָכתִּי לָנוּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִים ? וַיֹּאמְרו‬
go to be promoted over
the trees ? Then said
‫־‬ ‫ל‬ ֶ
‫אַתָּה‬
‫א‬ ‫ד‬ ָ ‫ט‬ ָ
ְ‫ לֵך‬- ָ‫כָּל הָעֵצִים אֶל־הָאָט‬
‫א‬ ָ ‫ה‬
‫וַיֹּאמֶר ד‬
all the tre es unt o
tramble, come thou and
the ‫מְלָךְ זָעָלֵינוּ ;; וַיֹּאמֶר הָאָטָד‬
reign over us. But the
bramble said unto the ‫ אִם בְּאֶמֶת אַתֶּם מוֹשְׁחִים‬, ‫הָעֵצִים‬
trees, if in truth ye elect
me king over ye, then
come and put your trust
‫ בּאוּ חֲסוּ בְצְלִי‬, ‫אֹתִי לְמֶלֶךְ עֲלֵיכֶם‬
in my shadow ;—but if >
‫וְאָם אַיִן • תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מִן־הָאָטָד‬
not, fre shall come out
of the bramble, and
shall consume the ce
: ‫וְתאכַל אֶת אַרְזֵי הַלְבָנון‬
dars of Lebanon .
Jud . ch. ix. v. 8.
The Poor Man and the ‫ וכשה‬, ‫האיש הראש‬

Lamb.
There weretwo one

in one city ; men ‫שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים הָיוּ בָּעִיר אֶחָת ; אֶחָד‬
.i ch
and tia ether poor ‫ לְעָשִׁיר‬,ׁ‫עשִׁיר וְאֶחָד רָאש‬,
The rich man had abun
dance of Rocks and ׁ‫וּלְרָש‬: ‫ וּבָקָר הַרְבֵּה מְאוד‬,‫הָיָה צאן‬
FABLES . 40
one littlenothing
man had save , ‫אֵין כּל כִּי אִם כִּבְשָׂה אַחַת קְטַנָּה‬
ewe lamb,
>
which
minourisher rebari ‫אֲשֶׁר קָנָה וַיְחַיָּהָ ;וַתִּגְדַּל עמוֹ וְעִם־‬
. grew up together
Wititi ,and wethig ‫ וּמִכּוסו‬, ‫ מִפְתּו תאכל‬: ‫בָּנָיו יַחְדָיו‬
children : it did eat of
‫ט או‬wn meat,and arank ‫הִשְׁתֶּה וּבְחֲקוֹ תִשְׁכַּב וַתְּהִי־לו‬
his
of his own cup, and lay
>
in his own bosom, and

was unto him ‫ וַיָּבֹא הֵלֶךְ לְאִישׁ הֶעָשִׁיר‬: ‫כּבת‬
as a
daughter. And there

came a traveller unto
the rich man ; and he ֹ‫ וּמִבְקָרו‬- ‫וַיִּחְמֹל לָקַחַת מצאנו‬
>
spared to take of
‫ מאוס‬docs,and at is ‫לעשׂות לְאֹרְחַ הַבָּא־לוֹ ; וַיְקַח אֶת־‬
own herd to dress for
theway-taringuntomanhimtilat; ׁ‫כִּבְשַׂת הָאִישׁ הָרָאשׁ וַיַּעֲשֶׂהָ לָאִיש‬
was come
cooked itman
‫ ה‬0., andhepower for , ‫הַבָּא אֵלָיו ; וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל נָתָן‬
but took >
lamb
the man that was come
into
said
. And, theDavid ; ‫כִּי בֶן־מָוֶת הָאִישׁ הָעשֶה זאת‬
himNathan
talefasionists
shall surely die ; and he
‫וְאֶת הַכִּבְשָׂהיְשַׁלֵּם אַרְבָּעָתְיָם עקב‬
shall restore the larnab ‫ וְעַל‬, ‫אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה‬
fourfold , because he
tuateen areapity.- ‫אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָמָל ; וַיֹּאמֶר נָתָן אֶל־‬
cause he had no
And Nathan said unto
David , thou art the
man !
: ׁ‫ אַתָּה הָאִיש‬, ‫דָּוִד‬
2. Saom . ch . vii .
The Ass and his

Load. ‫החמור והמשא‬
An Ass carrying a
lodo dail:infrinkr8 ‫חֲמוֹר אֶחָד נוֹשֵׂא מְלַח עָבַר אֶת־‬
a river, in crossing it,
he fell down in the
‫ וּבְעָבְרוֹ נָמוֹטוּ רַגְלָיו‬, ‫הַנָּהָר‬
water wear ‫וַיִּפּוֹל בְּתוֹךְ מֵי־הַנָּהָר וַיָּקָם וַיַּרְא‬
he perceived that
)
load ninet lighter ‫כי קל הַמַשָׂא גֶעלָיו מֵאֲשֶׁר הָיָה‬

on him than it was at
first. For the water
had_melted .
; ‫ כִּי נָמַס הַמֶּלַח וַיְהִי לְמָיִם‬, ‫בַּתְּהִלָּה‬
Sometime after, 8 ‫וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי־כֵן וַיָּשָׁב וַיֵעבֹר אֶת הַנָּהָר‬
had to pass over the
river again witha load ‫שָׂכְמו ; וַיֹּאמֶר הַחֲמוֹר‬
of sponge, he said to
‫וספוג עַל‬
41 PABLES .
himself,
‫ אָקֵל מֵעֲלֵי גַם הַמַּשָׂא הַזֶּה‬, ֹ‫בְּלִבּו‬
I will also
lighten myself of this
burden ; so he threw
rael down incore ‫ וְלֹאיכול עוד‬, ‫וְיִתְנַפֵל בְּתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם‬
himself
river, but he was not
the
altese, for the ‫לָקוּם כִּייֶעבְרוּ הַמַּיִם בְּחוּרֵי הַסְפוג‬

water had penetrated
anal ‫יִכְבִּידוּ גֶעלָיו עַד מְאוֹד וַיָּמָת שָׁם‬
spongethatandhe could
it heavy,
not get up, thus he
perished
load.
under his : ‫תַּחַת מַשָׂאו‬
MORAL.
‫מוסר‬
- There is a way
which seemeth right
unto man,
end thereof, are the
but the
• ׁ‫יֵשׁ דֶּרֶךְ יָשָׁר לִפְנֵי אִיש‬
ways of death
Prou . ariu. 12. : ‫וְאַחֲרִיתָה דַרְכֵּי מָוֶת‬
The Crab and his

Son .
: ‫הסרטן ובנו‬
An Old Crab re
> ‫פַּרְטָן אֶחָד הוֹכִיחַ אֶת־בְּנו לאמור‬
28*285 186
proved his son, said
unto him how 18ig ַ‫בְ י מ‬
long ְ‫עד מָתַי ּנֵי ִהְיֶה הְלָכְך‬
‫ א‬, since? you
‫ן‬backwards
is it walk ‫אֲחוֹרַנִית ?? מדוע לֹא תֵיטִיב לָלֶכת‬
It is not
good to take this round
about way ; the so ‫וען הַבֵּן אֶתר מ‬: ְ‫בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹתֵך‬
replied , >> If I have
found " favor in thy ְ‫אָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר אָם מָצאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינִיך‬
sight, 0 my
walk ‫אבי הוֹרֵנִי אַתָּה לָלֶכֶת לְפָנִים וְאָנֹכִי‬
father,
‫ האש‬me .how tofalaf
teach
forwards, and I will
act according to thy
>>
: ְ‫אעשֶׂה כָדְבָרִיך‬
commands. "
MORAL. ‫מוסר‬
There is an ancient
preverb which says, + ‫עַל־כֵּן יֹאמַר מְשַׁל הַקְדְמוֹנִי‬
t Be pure thyself,
ere thou reprovest : ‫מְהַר טֶרֶם תּטהר‬
another."
YABLES 42
The Lion and the ‫האריה והעכבר‬

Mouse.
a lion was sleep
ing in his der aria ‫אַרְיֵה אֶחָד יָשַׁן עַל מִשְׁכָּבוּ וַיָּבוא‬
mouse came, jurnped ,
and skippealapen; ‫הָעַכְבָּר וַיִּדְלַג וַיְנַתֵּר עָלָיו‬
which aroused him
from his slumber ; the
lion was extremely ‫ וַיִּחַר אַף הָאַרְיֵה‬,ֹ‫זַיִעירֵהוּ מִשְׁנָתו‬
angry on this account,
and sought to slay
him the mouse ear
‫מאוד על זאת וַיְבַקְשׁ לַהֲמִיתו‬
nestiy entreated him, ‫וַיִּתְחַנָּן הָעַכְבָּר וַיֹּאמֶר אָנָא אֲרוֹנִי‬
my lord ! par
don '‫ צ‬pray the tie ‫שָׂא נָא לְפֶשַׁע עַבְדָךְ אַךְ הַפַּעַם כִּי‬
transgression of thy
servant, for it
not done intentionally, was ‫ וַאֲנִי הִנְנִי־‬, ‫לֹא בְמֶרֶד עָשִׂיתִי זאת‬
>
I will atone for my

and ‫ על‬Aering ְ‫לָךְ לְעבֶד נֶאֱמָן וּבְכָל כֹּחִי אֶעֶבְרִך‬
faithfully and truly,
and will do allalit ‫ וַיִצְחָק הָאַרְיֵה‬, ‫לְכֹל אֲשֶׁר תְּצוּנִי‬
thou commandest me ;
5
tlelianlangled wit ‫ מַה יִשְׁעִינִי זֶה ?וְאֶל מ‬, ‫בְקִרְבּוֹ לֵאמֹר‬

himself saying, in what
manner can he help me,
commanded the mouse ְּ‫ וְלוּלָאקְטַנְת‬, ‫הָעכבראָמַר לֵךְ מִפָּנַי‬
o leave lis Presence, ‫ וַיְהִי‬: ְ‫ בִּיעתָּה הֲרַגְתִּיך‬, ‫בְּעֵינֵי מְאֹד‬
for thou art too
tiletdanet.pla ‫מִיָמִים וַיֵלֶךְ הָאַרְיֵה לִטְרֹף טֶרֶף‬

temptible for me to slay
thee. It came to pass
some time after the lion
went to seek this prey, ‫בְּמִשְׁפָּטו הוּא בָּא עד שְׂרֵה הָרוֹעים‬
(as was his custom ,) he
came to a field where
sheep were feeding ,
‫וְיִפּוֹל בְּרֶשֶׁת אֲשֶׁר טָמְנוּ לְרַגְלָיו‬
but fell into a T&E ‫בִּרְאוֹת הָאַרְיֵה כִּיכָלְתָה אֲלָיו הָרָעה‬
net
which lay concealed
lion per die ii ‫וַיִּשָּׂא קולו וַיִּשְׁאַג וַיִּשְׁמַע הָעַכְבָּר‬
under him ; when the
is liberale‫אֶת־קוֹל הָאַרֵיֵה נָיָרָץ לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיַּרְא שמות מ‬

that had him,
he lifted up his voice
and roared out lust
ly : the mouse hearing
the lion's voice, he
ֹ‫כִּי נִסְבָךְ הָאַרְיֵה בְחַבְלֵי לִשְׁתּו‬
ran towards it, when
alas ! he beheld
, ‫וַיִּזְכּוֹר אֶת־הַטוֹב אֲשֶׁר גְמָל אותו‬
the
lion tle ‫וַיִּכְרות בִּשְׁנָיו אֶת־הַחֲבָלִים מְעַט‬
entangled in net,
meshes of the
and rememberiug the
hei* aone ‫מְעַטעַד כִּי יִנָּתֵק הָרְשֶׁת וַיֵּצֵא הָאַרְיֵה‬
good he had
him, he about
Rewing tauernet with ‫לְחָפְשִׁי ;אָז אָמַר הָעַכְבָּר אֶל הָאַרְיֵה‬
his teeth by degrees,
43 YABLES
and set the lion at

liberty ; then said the
to the lion
‫יועיל‬-‫הִנֵּה בָּזִיתָ לִי וַתְּחַשְׁבֵנִי לְלֹא‬
mouse
thou despisest me, and ‫וְעתָּה רָאֹה רָאִיתָ אֶת עבֹדָתִי אֲשֶׁר‬
thought me of little
worth now behold,
1,150w
and seehow I have ‫עֲבַדְתִּיךְ בִּפְרוֹתִי אוֹתָךְ מִנְפול‬
seryed , and have
into theetre thyg ‫ שִׂים זאת זִכָּרון‬, ‫בְּיַד אוֹיְבִיךְ לָכֶן‬
powerm ofalin >
enemies, therefore let

it be had in remem
brance and consider
it well.
: ְ‫בִּלְבָבֵך‬
MOR AL.
‫מוסר‬
“ A Friend loveth
alltime brother ‫בְּכָל עֵת אֱהוב הָרֵע וְאָח לִצְרָה‬
, andartier ..
is born for adversity .
Prov . xvii. 17. : ‫יִיָּלֶד‬
The Fly, the Ox, and : ‫ והדבורה‬, ‫ השור‬,> ‫הזבוב‬

the Bee.
A Fly was observed ‫זְבוּב מָצָא מָנוֹחַ בִּין קַרְנִי הַשׁור‬

resting all day between
the horns of an ox, ‫אֲשֶׁר חוֹרֵשׁ בְּתַלְמִי הַַששָָּּׂׂדדֶֶהה‬
who was ploughing in
the furrows of a field ,
and did not stir from
>
‫כָּל הַיּוֹם וְלֹא קָם וְלֹא זָע מִמְקומו‬
his place , a bee per
ceiving it said to the
3
‫וַתֵּרֶא הַדְבוֹרָה וַתֹּאמֶר אֶל הַזְבוּב‬
fly, why do you sit
50theso comfortably; betweenfly ‫לָמָּה זֶה יָשַׁבְתָּ בֵּין הַמִּשְׂפָתָיִם ? וַיִּען‬
answered,Tookattie ‫ רְאֵה כָּל הַשָׂדְוֹת‬, ‫הוּבוּב וַיֹּאמֶר‬
fields which I and the
have been ploughx
-o ; ‫אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי וְהַשׁור הַזֶה חָרַשְׁנִי הַיום‬
ing this day ; come do
‫ רה‬ite mainer if you80 ַ‫ אִם לִךְ כֹּח‬,‫קוּם עֲשֵׂהזאת כָּמֹנִי‬
in like
nave the strength and
power , arouse ! arouse
thyself mistress bee !
! ‫ עורי ! עוּרִי! דְבוֹרָה‬, ‫וּגְבוּרָה‬
TABLES : 44
MORAL. ‫מוסר‬
The weak attaches ‫וְהַנְמָשָׁל לְחַלֶשהַׁהוֹלֵךְ בֵּין הַגְבּוֹרִים‬
bimself to the strong,
and the cheat pretends ‫וְהַנָּבָל בֵּין הַיְשָׁרִים‬
9
to honesty ; they say, I • ‫זָה יֹאמַר גָבַרְתִּי‬

have accomplished,but
how vain is their
utterance, and their
? ‫וְזֶה יֹאמַר הֲלֹא אָמַרְתִּי‬
lips are full of empti ּ‫וְאַךְ הֶבֶל יַבִּיעו‬
ness .
: ּ‫וּלְרִיק שְׂפָתָם יָגִיעו‬
The Raven and the : ‫העורב והנשר‬
Eagle,
A hungry raven
found a carcase in a
‫עיִרֶב הָיָה רֶעב וַיִּמְצָאנְבָלָה בַּשָּׂדֶה‬
flew upon isit, ‫ וְשָׂמַח‬,. ‫ אָכַל‬,
field , new . ָ‫וְיֶעף עָלֶיה‬
and began eating and
was exceedingly glad , ‫ וְקָרָא הֶאָח ! הֶאָח ! עד כִּי‬, ‫מְאֹד‬
and could not help
‫עים‬ing craw !re - craw ‫ וַיִּשְׁמַע הַנְשֶׁר‬,‫הִגְבִּיהַ קולו עד מְאֹד‬
the sound
above and reached ‫ וַיֹּאמֶר אַרְדָה נָא‬, ‫אֶת קוֹל הָעוֹרֵב‬
the ear of an eagle,
who said, II willade ‫ אִם קול מִלְחָמָה‬, ‫וְאֶשְׁמַעהַקוֹל הַזֶּה‬
scend see from
-whe thissound
ceeds, whethe nce
r it probe ‫ או קול ענות חֲלוּשָׁה ; וַיְדֶר‬, ‫הוּא‬
the voice of war, or
the lamentation of the
‫יִמְצָא אֶת הָעוֹרֵב עוֹמֵד עַל נִבְלַת‬
vanquished,
down, and beheld flew
the ;ּ‫ וַיִּנֶה אֶת הָעוֹרֶב וַיְגָרְשֵׁהו‬, ‫בְּהֵמָה‬
raven on carcase
oftheteaset88 ‫ וְהָיְתָה נִבְלַת הַבְּהֵמָה לְמַאֲכָל‬,
whom he
smote and drove away ;
thus the carcase be : ‫לִפְנֵי הַנָּשֶׁר‬
came a prey to the
eagle.
MORAL.
The mouth often ‫מוסר‬
betrays the head ; or
whoso keepeth his ‫מוֹקֵשׁ פֶה מִסִיר ראשו‬
3
mouth, keepeth his

soul from trouble .
Prop. 21. 23 .
: ‫וְשׁוֹמֵר פִּיושׁוֹמֵר מִצְרָה אֶת נַפְשׁו‬
FABLRS .
The Stag and

Shadow
his ‫האיל וצלמו‬
. Stag
A rink h dif e
tstanding by ‫איל אֶחָ עָמַ עַל אֲפִיקֵי מַיִם וַיַּרְא‬
‫ד ד‬
saw his shadow in the
water, thus addressed ‫בָהֶם אֶת צַלְמוּ וַיֹּאמֶר אָמְנָם לִי יֶתֶר‬
aimself- [
fomer
ng . ,‫שְׂאֵת וְלִי יֶתֶר עֶוּ מִכָּל חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ‬
and amatrohand
than any beast of the
feld ;; Providence Has ‫כִּיחֲנָנִי אֱלֹהִים וַיִּתֵּןלִיקַרְנַיִםגְבוהות‬
hrginwegrial; ‫ וְאוּלָם כָּל־‬, ‫יְפִי תוֹאַר וְטוֹבֵי מַרְאֶה‬
been kind, by furnish
are ‫ טי שער‬melys the ‫זֶה אֵיננו שוה לִי בְּכל עת אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי‬
beautiful horns, (which
sight, ) yet for all this,
I am displeased when ‫ כִּי‬, ‫רוֹאֶה אֶת רַגְלֵי הַדָּלוֹת וְהָרָעוֹת‬
I behold my long and
spindle shanks; the
like I have not seen
‫לא רָאִיתִי לָרוע כָּהֵנָה בְּכָל חַית‬
among any reast 2 ‫ וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה‬,‫וּבְהֵמַת הָאָרֶץ‬
roam about the earth :
he had scarce made an ‫ עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה‬-‫לְדַבֵּר וַיִּשָּׂא אֶת‬
end_of_these words,
Wien little peris ‫ וַיִּירָא הָאַיָּל‬,ֹ‫אַרְיֵה רָץ לִקְרָאתו‬
when lifting up
eyes, he beheld
* Leeaneraiatae ; ‫מְאֹד וַיָּנָס בְּתוֹךְ הַיַּעַר לְהִמָּלֵט מִיד‬
and was
"Refgreatly scared,
Aed*ininto the fin
‫ וּבְחָפזו לָנוּס וְהִנֵּה נֶאֶחָז נמ‬, ‫הָאֲרִי‬
Borderofto sapir
in
the wood,
escape ona
from ‫בִּסְבָּךְ בְּקַרְנָיו וְלֹא יָכוֹל לִנְטוֹת יָמִין‬
the power of the lion ;
in his light his horns ‫ וַיִּרְדֹף הָאַרְיֵה אַחֲרָיו‬, ‫וּשְׁמאל‬
entangled him in a
thicketturns,sothathetocould ,ּ‫וַיִּשִׂיגהוּ נָאֶחָז בַּסְבְּךְ וַיְמוֹתְתֵהו‬
Hightarlotteleft the ‫וַיְהִי בְצֵאתְנַפְשׁוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר אָכֵן נִסְכַּלְתִּי‬
lionpursued after
and evertook himint hs, ‫מְאֹד כִּי שָׂנֵאתִי אֶת־רַגְלַי אֲשֶׁר יָכְלו‬
thicket, and slew him ,
hislife depar ‫לְהַצִּילֵנִי וְאָהַבְתִּיאֶת־קַרְנוֹתַי אֲשֶׁר‬
ing, said , how foolish
have I been , for des. : ‫הָיוּ בְעוֹכְרָי וַיִתְּנוּנִי בִידֵי רוֹדְפִי‬
pising my legs which
could have saved
alone
me, and have admired
my horns which have
caused my ruin, and
gave me over to my ‫מוסר‬
pursuer.
MORAL ,
So are the ways of
‫כּן אָרְחוֹת הַכְּסִילִים לְמַרְאֶה‬
fools, who judge b‫ על־כֵּןיָמִירוּ טוב ע‬,ּ‫עֵינֵיהֶםיִשְׁפְּטו‬
appearancesand change O
FABLES , 46
The Ox and the He. ‫השור והתיש‬

goat.
An Ox hearing the ‫אַרְיֵה שָׁאַג בַּײַער וַיִּשְׁמַע הַשׁוֹר אֶת‬

roaring of a lion in
8forest ned at the ‫ וַיִּתְחַבֵּא‬, ‫קולו וַיִּבְרַח מִפָּנָיו‬
sound , and hid him .
self in one of the
Caves, with which the ‫ ו)ְהִנֵּה מָצָא שָׁם‬, ‫בְּאַחַת הַפְּחָתִים‬
orest abounded , when
>
his surprise
tothere he found ‫וַיִּרָא גַם מִפָּנָיו וַיַּחֲרַד חֲרָדָה‬, ׁ‫תַּיִש‬
also, a he-goat,
he became agi
ated, enstei ‫ לָמָּה זֶה‬,ׁ‫וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הַתַּיִש‬,. ‫גדוֹלָה‬
an trembled
exceedingly , the goat
9
said ton
аге
, what ! ּ‫תִּפְחָד מִמֶּנִי הֲלֹא הֶעדֶר אֶחָד הָיִינו‬
you frightened
at me ?? do you not ‫ כָּל‬, ‫מגֶעוּרֵנוּ ? ויען הַשׁור וַיֹּאמַר‬
remember were
brought up together
from our youth in ‫ בִּדְמוּת‬- ‫הַחַי אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי רוֹאֶה הַיום‬
one fold ? The OX
replied and said, every

beast that I see this
: ‫הָאֲרִי הֵם לְנֶגֶד עֵינָי‬
day has appeared be
fore my eyes in the
resemblance of aa lion.
‫מוסר‬
MORAL :
Every run -away or

Cowara will tremble : ‫כָּל הַנִּרְדֵף יֶהֶרַד מְקוֹלעַלה נדף‬
at the shaking of a
leat.
929 ‫ב‬
©©©©
‫ספר המלות‬
VOCABULARY.
Of the heavens, luminaries, , ‫ מאורות‬, ‫מהשמים‬

sta - s, planets, &c. . ‫ ומזלות‬, ‫כוכבים‬
white light ‫ בָּהִיר‬heaven, air ‫שָׁמַיִם‬
yellow light ‫ מֶצְרַב‬clouds ‫עֲרָבות‬
morning star ‫ אֶיֶלת השחר‬skies ‫שְׁחָקִים‬
dawn of day ‫ עֶפְעפִּי שַׁחַר‬high heavens ‫מָרום‬
day break ‫ עלות הַשָּׁחַר‬expanse ַ‫רָקִיע‬
luminaries
‫ מְאורות‬heavenly essence ‫עֶצֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם‬
sun rising ׁ‫רִיחַת הַשָּׁמֶש‬-inner
ְ‫ז‬ most
hea ‫לב הַשָּׁמַיִם‬
ven
sun setting ׁ‫ בִּיאַת הַשָּׁמֶש‬end of heaven ‫קְצֵה הַשָּׁמַיִם‬

day light ‫ הָאִירהַיום‬solar sun ׁ‫שֶׁמֶש‬
morning star ‫ שחר‬heat of the sun ‫חַמָּה‬
morning ‫ בֹקֶר‬rays ofthe sun ‫חֶרֶס‬
evening ‫ עֶרֶב‬aurora ‫מִשְׁחַר‬
twilight ‫ נֶשֶׁף‬morning dawn ‫צְפִירָה‬
night ‫ לילה‬light ‫אור‬
mid-night ‫ חֲצוֹת לֵילָה‬meridian light ‫צהר‬
monthly moon ‫ יָרֵחַ יְרֵח‬bright light ‫זהר‬
new moon
ׁ‫ הדֶש‬shining light ‫נגה‬
round moon ‫ סהַר‬full light ‫זיז‬
horned mood
‫ גידול הַלְבָנָה‬clearlight ‫אֲשֶׁת‬
half moon
splendkyid light
‫ חמַלצוִּיילהְַבלְָנבָָנָהה‬strea ‫יְהרָה‬
full moon
ָ light ‫יִפְעה‬
solar eclipse ‫ לָקוּת הַחַמָּה‬misty light ‫צח‬
VOCABULARY . 48
jupiter or
thursday
‫ צֶדֶק־‬lunar eclipse ‫לָקוּת הַלְבָנָה‬
‫יום חֲמִישִׁי‬ total eclipse ‫קַדְרוּת‬
‫נגה־‬ ‫הַמְאורות‬
venus or friday
‫ יום ששי‬a star ‫כּוֹכָב‬
saturn or satur
‫ שׁבַּתָּא‬stars ‫כּוֹכָבִים‬
day ‫ יום שַׁבָּת‬arcturus ׁ‫עֲשׁ עַיִש‬
libra , .Sep‫ מאזְנַיִם תִּשְׁרִי‬orion ‫בסיל‬
scorpio , Oct. ‫ עֶקְרַב חֶשְׁוָן‬pleiades
.Oct .
‫בִּימָה‬
sagitarius , Nov. ‫קֶשֶׁת כִּסְלו‬ stars of the ant
} ‫חַדְרֵי תֵּימָן‬
arctic pole
apricorn , Dec. ‫גְדִי טֵבֵת‬
‫היללל !בִּן‬
aquarius , Jan. ‫ דְלִי שְׁבָט‬lucifer ‫שָׁחַר‬
pisces Feb.
‫ דָּגִים אֲדָר‬twelve signs of ‫מַזָרות‬
aries March.
‫ טְלֶה נִיסָן‬the zodiac ‫מעלות‬
taurus April. ‫ שׁוֹר אִיר‬good fortune ‫מזל מַעֲרָכָה‬
gemini May•. ‫ תְּאוֹמִים סִיוָן‬emanation ‫שפע‬
cancer June.
‫ מַרְטֶן תַּמוז‬power dominion ‫מִשְׁמַר‬
leo July ‫ אַרְיֵה אָב‬wandering stars ‫בִּכְבֵי לֶכֶת‬
virgo Angust ‫ בְּתוּלָה אֶלוּל‬fixedstars ‫בִּכְבֵי שֶׁבֶת‬
priority ‫רֵאשִׁית‬ sun or sunday ‫הַמָּה‬
chief, source ׁ‫ראש‬ ‫יום ראשון‬
beginning ‫תְּחִלָּה‬ moon or
‫לְבָנָה‬
former times
‫ לְפָנִים‬monday ‫יום שֵׁנִי‬
yesterday ‫ תמול אֶתְמוֹל‬mars or tuesday ‫מַאֲדִים‬
day before yes
terday ‫שְׁלְשום‬ ‫יום שְׁלישי‬
ancient
‫ קֶדֶם‬mercury or ‫כּוֹכָבי‬
od time
‫ עוֹלָם‬wednesday ‫יום רביעי‬
49 VOCABULARY .
Times, Seasons, winds, & c. . " ‫ רוחות וכו‬, ‫ הומנים‬, ‫מהעתים‬

a few days ‫יָמִים אֲחָדִים‬ then
half a day ‫ חֲצִי יום‬opportunity ‫עתִּי‬
12 o'clock noon
‫ צָהָרַיִם‬a time ‫זְמַן‬
a week
‫ שָׁבוּע‬a synod ‫מועד‬
days of the ‫יְמֵי־השבוע‬ an age ‫חֵלֶד‬
week
sunday ‫ יום א " בְּשַׁבָּת‬world ‫עוֹלָם‬
.
monday " ‫ יום ב‬globe ‫תבל‬
tuesday
‫ינ‬
"‫ יום ג‬a moment ‫רֶגַע‬

wednesday ‫ יום ד׳‬an hour ‫שָׁעה‬
thursday " ‫ יום ה‬half an hour ‫חֲצִי שְׁעֶה‬
"‫ יום ו‬third of an
friday
hour ‫שְׁלשׁ שָׁעָה‬
saturday ‫ יום שַׁבָּת‬quarter of an ‫רְביעי שָׁעח‬
hour
holiday ‫ יום טוב‬a point
‫ן נִיקוּד‬
to-morrow
‫ מָחָר‬instantaneous ‫שֶׁצֶף‬
‫ מָחָרַת‬spontaneous ‫פֶּצַע‬
afternoon
‫ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּים ז‬sudden ‫פַּתְאום‬
‫ בֵּין הַשְׁמָשׁות‬day ‫יום‬
night
‫לִילָה‬ two days ‫יומים‬
‫ ערבית‬days ‫יָמִים‬
this night ‫ הַלַיְלָה הַזֶּה‬4 year
a
‫שָׁנָה‬
a fortnight ‫ שִׁבְעִים‬two years ‫שְׁנָתַיִם‬
a revolution
‫ תְּקוּפָה‬years ‫שְׁנות‬
a common year ‫ שָׁנָה פְּשׁוּטָה‬time ‫עת‬
leap year ‫ שָׁנָה מְעוּבֶּרֶת‬minutes ‫חֵלֶקים‬
half a year
‫ חֲצִיהַשָּׁנָה‬this day ‫היום הַזֶּה‬
E
VOCABULARY .
50
Continued .
earth's centre ‫מַרְבֵּן הָאָרֶץ‬ third ofa year ‫שָׁלִישׁ שָׁנָה‬
earth's circle
‫חוּג הָאָרֶץ‬ quarter of a year ‫רְבִיעַ שָׁנָה‬
paradise
‫גַן עדן‬ this year ‫שָׁנָה זאת‬
delight ‫דְּשֶׁן‬ the year to
come ‫שָׁנָה הַבָּאָה‬
EAST ‫ קֵדְמָה‬,‫ קְדֶם‬fullof days ‫יָמִימָה‬
‫ מִזְרָחָה‬, ‫ מִזְרָח‬year of release ‫ܪܝܼܕܼܕܕ‬
west
‫ אָחוֹר‬, ‫ יָמָה‬, ‫ יָם‬jubilee ‫יובל‬
‫מַערָב‬ passover ‫פסח‬
north
‫ צְפוֹנָה‬, ‫ צָפוֹן‬pentecost ‫שְׁבוּעות‬
. ‫ נֶגְבָּה דָרוּם‬tabernacle . ‫סוּכָּה‬
south
wind
exhalations
{ ‫ תֵּימָן‬,‫ יָמִין‬new year
ַ‫רוּח‬-day
of atone
ment
‫ראשׁ הַשָּׁנָה‬
‫יום כפור‬
‫ מְזָרִים‬, ‫ רוחות‬hosanna rabba ‫הוֹשַׁענָא רַבָּא‬
east wind
‫ רוּחַ קָדִים‬day of solenn ‫שְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת‬
west wind
‫ רוּחַ יָם‬rejoicing of the ‫שִׂמְחַת תּוֹרָה‬
south wind
‫ רוּחַ בָּרוּם‬dedication ‫חֲנוּכָּה‬
north wind
‫ רוּחַצפַון‬purim ‫פּוּרִים‬
a fresh
breeze ‫ רוּחַ חֲרִישִׁית‬arctic pole ‫קוֹטֶב צְפוֹנִי‬
a dry wind ‫ רוח צר‬antarctic pole ‫קוֹטֵב דְּרוֹמִי‬
contrary
wind ‫ רוּחַ נָגְדִי‬dragon's head ‫ראשׁ תְּלִי‬
‫ רוּחַ זַלְעָפוֹת‬dragon's tail ‫זְנָב תְּלִי‬
stormy
wind ‫ רוּחַ סְעָרָה‬horizon ‫אוֹפֶק‬
whirlwind
‫ רוּחַ סוּפָה‬equator ׁ‫הַמַּפְרִיש‬
hurricane
‫ רוּחַ הַמַלָה‬torrid zone ‫חַגוָרָה הַשְׂרְפֶת‬
wind blows ‫ נוֹשִׁף‬,‫ רוּחַ נוֹשֵׁב‬frigid zones ‫קרירות‬
51 VOCABULARY .
Continued .
thunders ‫קולות‬ a common wind ‫רוּחַ מְצוּיָה‬

loud thunders ‫ רְעָמִים‬strong wind ‫רוּחַ חָזָק‬
rolling thunders ‫ רְעָשִׁים‬cloud, clouds ‫עננָיִם‬..‫עֲנָן‬
dryness ‫ חוֹרֶב‬thiclk clouds ‫עֲבִים‬
desolate ‫ צְיָה‬lofty clouds ‫נְשִׂיאִים‬
parched ‫ צְמָּאוֹן‬rain bow ‫קֶשֶׁת הֶעָנָן‬
heated or dried up w of the
‫ שָׁרָב‬bocovenant ‫קֶשֶׁת הַבְּרִית‬
sandy ‫ בָּצוּרָת‬obscureness ְ‫חֹשֶׁך‬
rain ‫ גֶשֶׁם‬gloom ‫אָפֶל אֲפֵלָה‬
shower betwee&ndark
‫ מָטָר‬light ‫נֶשֶׁף‬
confined rain is
‫ מַגְרִיר‬-mness darty
k ‫עֵיפָה‬
light rain ‫אור‬ ‫עֲלָטָה‬
continual
dropping
darkness
‫ ידוֶלֶף טוֹרֵד‬dark -shadow
‫ֹרֶה‬
} ‫עֲרָפֶל‬
first rain
‫צַלְמון‬
latter rain
ׁ‫ מַלְקוֹש‬dinness
a mist
‫בְּהָה‬
smoke ‫אד‬
‫עָשָׁן‬
fume
‫ קיטור‬vapour ‫קיטור‬
white frost
light of
‫ קֶרַח‬absence ‫אִישָׁן‬
hoar frost
‫ כְּפור‬gloomy ‫קַדְרוֹת‬
snow nse
‫ שלג‬intedarkness ‫שָׁחְרוּת‬
hail ‫ בָּרָד‬lightning ‫בְּרָקִים‬
hail-stones
thes of
ׁ‫ אֶלְגְבִּיש‬falightning ‫לפידים‬
ָ‫נָמ‬gnֲ‫ ח‬vivining
‫ל‬bio d light ‫חֲזִיזִים‬
violent rains ‫ שְׂעִירִים‬thunderbolts ‫חציצים‬
VOCABULARY 52
Parts of the world, Shipping &c. ‫ חמשה כנפות הארץ‬, ‫מהספינה‬

a boat ‫ אַסְדָא‬great rains ‫רְבִיבִים‬
a mast ‫ תִּרְן‬drops of rain ‫אֶגְלִי‬
a shroud San sparkling rain ‫רְסִיסִים‬
thick ropes
‫ עבות‬drop ‫ נָטֶף‬,‫טפָה‬
a cable
‫ חֶבֶל‬dew ‫טל‬
pendant, banner D bright day ‫יוֹם בָּהִיר‬
flag or ensign buy cloudy day ‫יום מִעוּנָן‬
a line 12 rainy day ‫יום סַגְרִיד‬
an oar
‫ מָשׁוט‬sun shining day ‫יום נָהִיר‬
8. scull ‫ שיט‬ASIA ‫כְּנַף אָסְיָא‬
a rudder
ׁ‫ גֵרֵש‬Africa ‫כְּנַף אַפְרִיקָא‬
helm ‫ קָבַרְנִיט‬Europe ‫כְּנַף אֵיפְרוֹפָא‬
mariner's ‫ מַחַט הָאָנִיות‬America ‫כְּנַף אַמֵירִיקָא‬
compass ‫כְּנַף אַסְטְרָלִיָא‬
sail
‫ וִילון‬Australia
sails ‫ וילונות‬a ship ‫ אָנִיָה‬, ‫אָנִי‬
spreading sails ׁ‫מַפְרָש‬ a barque ‫סְפִינָה‬
a hawser ‫ מִתְר‬noah's ark ‫תֵּבָה‬
speaking trumpet ‫אֲבוּבָא‬ a gallant ship ‫כִּי אַדִּיר‬
tellescope men of war
‫קָנֶה הַהַבָּטָה‬ ‫בָּרְנִיות‬
sheet anchor
‫ עֶלֶג הַתִּקְוה‬a galley ‫אָנִי שׁיט‬
anchor ‫ עוּגִין‬fishing smacks ‫דוּגִיאות‬
anchors ‫ עוּגְנִין‬ferry boat ‫עֲבָרָה‬
ships ' well ‫עֶקְל‬ floats ‫דוברות‬
raft
sounding lead ‫מִשְׁקוֹלֶת הַיָּם‬ ‫רַפְרֹדָה‬
reel ׁ‫ שׁוֹש‬rafts ‫רפסדות‬
53 VOCABULARY ,
Continued .
a port ‫ חוף‬brigs ‫סְרִיונות‬

a haven ‫ מחוז‬brig a
‫סְרְיון‬
harbour ‫ נמל‬fishsmacks ‫סירות‬
sea monster ‫ תָּנִין‬net ‫רֶשֶׁת חֵרֶם‬
leviathan
‫ לוְיָתָן‬net of defence ‫ מְצוֹדָה‬, ‫מְצוֹד‬
fish 27 hammock ‫מִכְמָר‬
a fish boat ‫סיר קירות‬
fishes ‫דָּגִים‬
water reptile mander in
‫ שֶׁרֶץ הַמַּיִם‬comchief ‫ראש‬
a swimmer ‫ צף שׁוֹחֶה‬pilot ‫רב החובל‬
billows ‫ מִשְׁבָּרִים‬mariners ‫חוֹבְלִים‬
sea shore ‫ שׂפַת הַיָּם‬sailors
‫ מים‬boatmen
} ‫מַלָּחִים‬
water ‫סַפָּנִים‬
roaring of
water
‫ שְׁאוֹן מַיִם‬sea robbers ‫לִיסְטִי־הַיָּם‬
sea D' pirates ‫אֲפִרְטִין‬
seas ‫ ימים‬6sherman ‫דַאָג‬
a flood ‫ שְׁבּולֶת‬ishermen ‫דָּיָנִים‬
innundation op tackle ‫חום‬
heavy flood ‫ דֶּרֶם‬blocks ‫הַחִים‬
river ‫ יוּבָל יְאֹר‬fish -hook ‫קֶרֶס‬
stream , brook ‫ נָהָר נָחַל‬harpoon ‫צְנָה‬
rivulet ‫ פֶּלֶג‬harpoons ‫צפות‬
waves D'7 fish spear ‫חַכָּה‬
fountain ‫ מַעְיָן‬tritons ‫שְׂבִּים‬
source a caldron ‫סיר‬
‫מקור‬
VOCABULARY. 54
Of clean animals, 8c. . ‫ וחיות הטהורים‬, ‫מהבהמות‬

bonassus or,
bison ‫ אֲלוּף תוא‬8 pool a
‫אַפִיק‬
heifer ‫ פר‬springs ‫גָּלוּת‬
a young cow ‫ פָּרָה‬waterspout ‫מבוע‬
he-calf Suy tongue of the ‫לְשׁון יִם‬
she - calf ‫ עֶעגגְלָה‬mediterranean ‫יָם הָאֶמְצָעי‬
red sea
he -lamb of a ׂ‫כְּבֶש‬ ‫יַם סוּף‬
year old
she- lamb of a ‫כִּבְשָׂה‬
salt sea ‫יָם הַמֶּלַח‬
year old
sea of galilee ‫יָם בְּנֶרֶת‬
he- lamb ‫בֶּשֶׂב‬
ewe lamb ‫ בִּשְׂבָּה‬great sea ‫יָם הַגָּדוֹל‬
black sea
ram , rams
‫ כָּרִים‬,‫בָּר‬ ‫יָס הַשחור‬
the ocean
ewe ‫רָחֵל‬ ‫לָם אוֹקְיָנָוס‬
a strait
a small goat
‫אָפִיר‬ ‫מְצַר יַם‬
a flock of rams ‫ צנָא‬abyss ‫תְּהום‬
2. flock of ewes depths of the ‫מצולוֹת יָם‬
‫צוֹנָה‬ sea
a sacrificial ‫ שה‬depth ‫עוֹמְק‬

lamb
‫ם‬ full grown
ram
‫ איל‬TAME BEAST ‫בְּהֵמָה‬
wild beast
a shaggy he. ‫שעיה‬ ‫הַיָה‬
goat
a shaggy she drove, droves ‫ עַדְרִים‬, ‫עדֶר‬.
goat ‫שְׂעֲיָרָה‬
a roe buck by flocks ofcattle ‫עשְׁתְּרות‬
doe
‫ ייַעעֲללָהה‬Rocks of kids ‫חֲשִׁיפִי עזים‬
flocks
ram goat ‫עֲתּוּדִים‬ ‫חְשִׁיפִים‬
sheep
he goats
‫תִּישׁ תְּיָשִׁים‬ ‫צאן‬
fat cattle
erib
‫אֲבוּס‬ ‫מרון‬
herd
strange goat
‫אַקו‬ ‫בָּקָר‬
OX
‫שור‬
53
VOCABULARY.
Continued .
cud ‫ד‬
‫ גֵרָה‬a kid ‫גְדִי‬
horns ong goat
‫ קְרָנַיִם‬strgoats ‫עז עזים‬
tail
‫ זָנָב‬,‫אַלְיָה‬-gaz elle
lope
, ante ‫עזאזל‬
well fed cattle
‫ מְרֵיאִים‬hart ‫צְבִי‬
fat beasts
‫ בְּרִיאִים‬hind ‫צְבִיָּה‬
fat oxen
‫ מחִים‬stag ‫אילה‬
fat sheep ‫ מְפוּטָמִים‬young deer ‫עפר‬
fat cattle mals with
‫ מְדוּבָּקִים‬aniyoung ‫עלות‬,
large beast ‫ גַפָה‬stronger sort ‫קשורים‬
small beast
727 feeble sort ‫עֲטוּפִים‬
killing a roe huck
‫שְׁחִיטָה‬ ‫אַאָל‬
Searching ‫ בְּדִיקָה‬fallow deer ‫יַחְמוד‬
carcass
‫ נְבָלָה‬buffalo ‫דִישׁון‬
torn
‫ טְרֵפָה‬chamois ‫זָמֶר‬
a shepherd ‫ רוֹעֶה‬ayoke of oxen ‫צֶמֶד בָּקָר‬
pasture ‫ מִרְעֶה‬a wild ox ‫שור הַבָּר‬
provender ‫ מִסְפוא‬a butting ox ‫שור נַגָּח‬
fleece ‫ בְּצָה‬slink ‫שָׁלִיל‬
sheep shearing ‫ זְמַן הַגְנָה‬a spottedlamb ‫ܟܼܕ݂ܕ‬
shearing wool ‫ צֶלֶת הַצֶמֶר‬a grass lamb
fodder
‫טלֶה דֶשָׁא‬
a fat lamb
‫בְּלִיל‬ ‫טָלֶה חָלָב‬
irrational
‫ בִּלְתִּי מְדַבֵּר‬cloven foot ‫שְׁמַע‬
sensitive body ׁ‫ גֶשֶׁם חֵי מַרְגִּיש‬hoof ‫פַּרְסָה‬
gender name 1:27 be cleft hoofs ‫טְלָפים‬
VOCABULARY . 56
Wild bezsts and unclean animals. . ‫ וחיות הטמאים‬, ‫מהבהמות‬

the lion's cubs
‫ בְּנֵי שָׁחַץ‬a butcher ‫קֶצֶב‬
wild beasts ‫ציים‬-fatteofner
cat ‫קוֹשֶׁר‬
tle
a wild boar ‫ חֲזִיר יָעַר‬cow keeper ‫בּוֹקֵו‬
hyenna ‫ בַּלְבְּתָה יָער‬castlekeeper
a pole cat ‫ חֶתול‬milker ‫מְחַלֶב‬
a cat
‫ שׁוּנְרָא‬a grazier ‫מפטם‬
wild cats a killer ‫שוֹחֵט‬
‫איים‬
a dog ‫ בֶּלֶב‬examiner ‫בודק‬
a bitch ‫ כַּלְבָּא‬examination ‫בְּרִיקָה‬
a grey -hound ‫ זַרְזִיר‬cattle stalls ‫רְפָתִים‬
doleful crea ‫ אוחים‬WILD BEAST ‫חַיָּה‬
tures
a fox ‫ שועל‬beasts of prey ‫חַיתו יער‬
foxes ‫ שועלים‬a lion ‫ אריה‬,‫ארי‬
a hog ‫ חֲזִיר‬a feree lion ‫שחל‬
an old lion
a camel ‫גָּמָל‬ ‫לָבִיא‬
a young she ‫ בִּכְרָה‬a young lion ‫ליש‬
camel
a small lion
young
drome
‫בְּרְכָּרות‬ ‫כְּפִיר‬
daries
a lion's whelp ‫גנר‬
a dromedary ׁ‫רֶכֶש‬
mules a tiger, or leo ‫נמר‬
‫רַכָּבִים‬ pard
swift dro a lioness ‫לְבִיָא‬
medaries
‫אַחַשְׁתָּרָנִים‬
horse ‫ סוס‬a bear ‫דוב‬
mare ‫ סוּסָה‬a wolf ‫זאב‬

white horses
‫ סוּסִים לְבָנִים‬beasts of prey ‫חַיּוֹת טוֹרְפות‬
black » satyr ‫אקו‬
‫שְׁחוֹרִים‬
57
VOCABULARY.
Continued .
elephant's trunk ‫ חוֹמָם הַפִּיל‬brown or bay ‫סוסים שֶׁרָקִים‬

horses
ivory ‫ שַׁנְהַבִּים‬grey , ‫בְּרָדִים‬
rhinoceros ‫ רְאֵם‬bay ‫אֲמֶצִים‬
& mouse
‫ עֲכבָּר‬red 1)
‫אַדְמִּים‬
a rat ‫עֶכְבָּר גָדול‬ he-mule ‫פֶּרֶד‬
a weasel ‫ חוֹלֶד‬she- mule ‫פַּרְדָה‬
a ferret
‫ אֲנָקָה‬mules ‫פְּדָרִים‬
baboons ‫ שעירִים‬camel ‫יִמָּם‬
moles
‫ חֲפַרְפַּרות‬ass ‫חֲמור‬
a mole
‫ חֲפַרְתֵּרֶת‬ass cole ‫עיר‬
a stable ‫ אַרְוָה‬asses ‫עיָרִים‬
a stable for horses ‫אצתּבל‬ she-ass
‫אתון‬
stable keeper ‫ מְדַר‬she-asses *:
‫אֶתונות‬
hostler ‫ שוּמֶר הָסוּסִים‬zebra ‫פֶּרֶא‬
a pitch fork ‫ קִלְשׁון‬she zebra ‫פֶּרֶה‬
water trough ‫ שׁוֹקֶת‬zebras ‫פְּרָאִים‬
eating trough ‫ רַהַט‬wild ass ‫קיח‬
horse shoe rious
‫ מַגְעַל הַפּוּס‬-fubeast ‫בְּעיר‬
bits ‫ חֶנונות‬spirited ass ‫עָרוֹד‬
a bit
‫ מֶתֶג רְסִן‬hunt ‫ציד‬
stirrups
‫ טַבְּעוֹת רַגְלֵיל‬a hare ‫אַרְנְבֶת‬
a rabbit ‫שפן‬
‫הָרוֹכֵב‬
a saddle an ape ‫קוף‬
‫אוֹפֵף‬
camel furniture ָ‫ בָּר הוּמָל‬elephants ‫פילִים חָבְנִים‬
VOCABULARY. 58
Of Reptiles, Insects and their species ‫מהרמשים והשרצים למיניהם‬

a snail ‫ חֹמֶט‬ass's saddle ‫מרדעת‬
horse - leaeh
‫ עֲלוּקה‬pannters ‫תַּרְמִילְיס‬
camelion ‫ בוח‬saddle bags ‫אַמְתָּחות‬
4
tortoise ‫ עב‬muzzle ‫בלוס‬
a lizard ‫ לְטָאָה‬A REPTILE ‫שֶׁרֶץ‬
a serpent ׁ‫ נָחָש‬reptiles ‫שְׁרָצִים‬
a python ‫ פֶתֶן‬moving things ‫רְמֶשׁ הָאֲדָמָה‬
on the ground
hedge snake ‫ עֶרוד‬creepin g things
in the dust ‫זוחֲלֵי עָפָר‬
an asp ‫ עַכְשׁוב‬silk worms ‫תּוֹלֶע הַמָּשִׁי‬
a moth
a viper ‫אֶפְעה‬ ‫پر پہنچنا‬
a rattle snake
‫ שָׂרָף‬a maggot
an adder
‫ שְׁפִיפון‬an ant ‫נָמָלָה‬
a striped snake ‫ צפע‬ants ‫נְמָלים‬
diamond snake ‫ צִפְעוֹנִי‬louse ,lice ‫בְּנָה בָּנִים‬
boa constrictor ‫ בַּרְצָלֶם‬tea ׁ‫פַּרְעוּש‬
a water snake
‫ תַּנִין‬fleas ‫פרעושים‬
dragon (constel
lation ) ‫ הִרְקון‬bag ׁ‫פִּשְׁפַּש‬
quick poison ‫ חֲמַת‬bugs ‫בִּשְׁפַּשִׁים‬
slow poison ‫ ארס‬a worm ‫רְמָה‬
a scorpion ‫עקְרָב‬ a great worm ‫תּוֹלֶע תּוֹלְעֶה‬
a crab ‫ פַרְטָן‬a spider ‫שְׁמָמִית‬
a salamander ‫ מַלְמַנְדְרָא‬spiders ‫קוּרִים‬
a frog ‫ צְפַרְדע‬spider's web ׁ‫עכָּבִיש‬
frogs ‫ צְפַרְדעים‬a slag ‫שַׁבְּלוּל‬
59 VOCABULARY .
Flying creatures , ‫מהמעופים והעופות‬

abominable
reptile ‫ שֶׁקֶץ שְׁקוּץ‬nits ‫בֵּיצִי בָּנִים‬
a mole
reptiles
‫שְׁמָנִים‬ ‫תִּנְשֶׁמֶת‬
cochineal ‫ששר‬ a fly ‫זָבוּב‬
a toad
‫ קְצָפֶה‬fies ‫זְבוּבִים‬
a poisonous ‫ פָּעה‬butterflies ‫זְבוּבִי אור‬
snake
swarm of flies ‫ עָרוֹב‬stinging fies ‫יִבְחוּשִׁין‬
honeycomb naj horse flies ‫זְבוּבִי הַסוס‬
polluted ‫ טוּמְאָה‬spanish fly ‫זְבוּב מִזוּהָב‬
defiled ‫ טְמֵאָה‬hornet ‫צֶרְעֶה‬
a sea maw
‫ שַׁחַף‬a wasp ׁ‫יַבְחוֹש‬
a beetle
a hedge hog ‫קפוד‬ ‫חיפוּשִׁית‬
a gnat ‫ יתוש‬a locust ‫אַרְבֶּה‬
a specie of locust
a leech ‫אֵלָא‬ ‫צְלְצֵל‬
FOWL, FOWLS ‫ עוף־עופות‬bald locaust
‫ מֶעופף‬cock-chaffer ‫חַרְגל‬
flying
{ ‫ מְעוֹפְפִים‬grasshopper
‫חָסִיל‬
nest nests a caterpillar
‫הֵן קֵנִים‬
# #
bird birds ‫ צפּוֹר צְפָּרִים‬a palmer worm

dove doves ‫ יוֹנָה־יוֹנִים‬a cornhopper ‫גוב‬
young doves ‫ בְּנִי־יוֹנָה‬a canker worm ‫יֶלֶק‬
a turtle dove ‫ תור‬honey bee ‫דְבוֹרָה‬
doves ‫ תּוֹרִים‬honey bees ‫דְבוֹרִים‬
a pigeon ‫ גוֹזָל‬a bee hive
brta ‫נָחִיל‬
pigeons ‫ גוֹזָלוֹת פְּסִיוני‬a bat ‫עֲטלף‬
VOCABULARY. 60
Continued .
a kite
‫ אַיָה‬a partridge ‫קורא‬
a parrot ‫ עָגוּר‬aa capon ‫בַּרְבּוּר‬
a swallow
‫ דְרוֹר‬capons ‫בַּרְבָּרים‬
a martin
‫ חָיָנוֹנִית‬a quail ‫שלו‬
a screech owl ‫ לִילִית‬quails ‫שלנים‬
a goat sucker a wing ‫אֵבֶר־אֶבְרָה‬
‫קִפּוז‬
‫ סיס‬aa wing closed ‫אַנָּף‬
a flamingo or
crane
a night crow
{ ‫ סוס‬a wing spread
a chicken
‫כָּנָף‬
‫תַּחְמָס‬ ַ‫אֶפְרוֹח‬
vulture ‫ דַיָה דָּאָה‬chickens ‫אֶפְרוֹחִים‬
a heron a feather
‫אֲנָפָה‬ ‫נועה‬
a stora
‫ חֲסִידָה‬a crop ‫מֶרְאָוהְפַק‬
a goshawk y's egg eggs ‫בֵּיצָה בֵּיצִים‬
an owl or os.
trich
‫ יַעֲנָה‬white of an egg ‫ריר‬
ostriches or pelicans ‫ יְעָנִים‬yolk of an egg ‫חֵלֶמות‬
a bird cage ‫בְּלוּב‬
an eagle ‫נֶשֶׁר‬
a cuckoo
ospray ‫עֶזְנְיָה‬ ‫שָׁחַף‬
lapwing ‫ דוכיפת‬ostrich, emu ‫פֶּרֶס‬
pelican ‫קָאָת‬
a cormorant
ְ‫שָׁלָך‬
a little owl
a swan
‫רָחַם‬ ‫קוס‬
{ ,‫רָחָמָח‬ a bittern
a night owl
‫קפוד‬
a peacock ְ‫תּוּך‬ ‫נִינְשׁוּף‬
a raven
peacocks ‫תוכים‬ ‫עוֹרֵב‬
singing birds a glede ‫רָאָה‬
‫רְנָנִים‬
61 VOCABULARY.
.H names of timb an
fabric um & c ‫ ושמות אברי החיצונים וכו‬. ‫מבנין האדס‬
birds claws ‫ טְפוּרִין‬wild doves ‫מזני הַנָּאות‬
flock of birds
‫ת‬. ‫ חיל עופו‬a swallow ‫לע‬
hatching ‫ הַמָּם בֵּיצִים‬acock.or pheap ‫תַּרְנְגוֹל שֶׁבָוי‬
sant
quack like a 7272 aa game cock 4 ִ‫גַּבְר‬

duck
talons ‫טֶפְרָא הָעיִט‬ a hen ‫תַּרְנְגוֹלֶת‬
a young ostrich ‫ בַּת הַגֶענָה‬a turkey ‫טְוָוס‬
or pelican
Human Nature ‫ טֶבַע אֲנוּשִׁית‬hen turkey ‫טְוָוסֶת‬
materiality ‫ גַשְׁמוּת‬a gander ‫אווז‬
substance ‫ חוֹמֶר‬ganders ‫אוּזִים‬
materialism ‫ גַשְׁמָה‬a goose ‫אוּנְזֶת‬
corporeal, body ‫ נוף גַּו‬geese ‫אווזות‬
rational creature ‫ חַי־מְדַבֵּר‬a young duck ‫בַּר־אוּנְזָא‬
stature ‫ קוֹמָה‬a sparrow ‫צפור‬
life 'I hen sparrow ‫צפּוֹרָה‬
living ‫ חיים‬cock crowing ‫קְרָא‬
possessing life ‫ חַיוּת‬a stork ‫תור‬
breath, soul a wild bird
‫נְשָׁמָה‬ ‫עיט‬
living being ‫ נְפִשׁ חַיָה‬phoenix ‫הול‬
animation ‫ יְחִידָה‬a fowler ׁ‫יָקוֹשׁ יָקוּש‬
intelligent mind ‫נפֶשׁ הַמִּשְׁכָּלֶת‬ a snare
ׁ‫מוֹקֵש‬
vital power ‫ כוחות חיוניות‬snares ‫מוּקְשׁות‬
spirit 17:17 chirping as chickens ‫יובב‬
aight ‫מַרְאֵה‬ a gull ‫הִיג דָאג‬
hearing a crow
‫שְׁמַע‬ ‫קורא‬
F
VOCABULARY. 62
Continued .
thin skin
‫ קרום‬smelling ַ‫רֵיח‬
pores of the ‫ נִקְבֵי הָעור‬taste ‫טעם‬
skin
glands
{ ‫ אֲטַיְפִי‬feeling ׁ‫מְשׁוּש‬
‫ נְדָרִים‬speech ‫בור‬
formations ‫נוע מוט‬
‫ יְצֵרִים‬moving
hair
yig vexation ‫זָוָעָה‬
a lock of hair of the
‫ פָּרַע‬nodding
head
‫מנוד‬
hair of the head ַ‫ צְמָּח‬rage ‫רֹגֶז‬
hairy ‫ שעיר‬trembling with ׁ‫בעש‬
rage
smooth hair
‫ חָלָק‬passion ‫תְּנוּפָה‬
ringlet ‫דָּלָה‬ flesh
‫בָּשָׂר‬
curly locks ‫ קוצות‬kinsman ‫שְׁאֵר‬
lanky hair ‫ תַּלְתַּלים‬kinswoman ‫שַׁאֲרָה‬
skull ‫ גֶלְבֹּלֶת‬proper ailment ‫לחום‬
crown of the
head ‫ קָדְקֹד‬blood ‫דָם‬
forehead ‫ מָצָח‬sinnew ‫גיד‬
back of the head ‫ גַּבַּחַת‬sinnews ‫גִידִים‬
bald - pate ַ‫ קֵרֵח‬arteries ‫עוֹרְקִים‬
face ‫ פָּנִים‬veins ‫מַתָּרִים‬
eye.brows ‫ גִּבּת‬bone ‫עצֶם‬
eye lashes ‫ רִיסִיעינַיִם‬bones ‫עֲצָמות‬
eye -lids ‫ עֶפְעפַּיִם‬gristle , muscle ‫בָּרֵם‬
eye ‫ עין‬skin ‫עור‬
‫פ‬
eyes ‫ עֵינַיִם‬cutis ‫אֶלֶד‬

63 VOCABULARY
Continued .
the head ‫ ראש‬the right eye ‫עין יָמִין‬.
a thick beard
12728 the left eye ‫אֵין שְׁמאל‬
a thin beard ear
‫זַלְדְקָן‬ ‫אֹזֶן‬
shoulder ears
‫שְׁכֶם‬ ‫אזְנַיִם‬
shoulder blade
‫ כָּתֵף‬tip of the ear ְ‫תְּנוּך‬
shoulder blades ‫ בְּתָפַיִם‬right ear ‫אזן יָמִין‬
wind pipe
‫ קָנֶה‬left ear ‫אזן שְׁמאל‬
the arm pit ‫ אָצִיל‬tear ‫דִּמְעָה‬
arm pits ‫ אֲצִילִים‬pupil ofthe eye ‫בַּת־עין‬
the side ‫ צד‬sight ‫בָּבַת‬
a rib yby the temple ‫רַבָּה צְדָע‬
ribs
‫ צְלָעות‬the nose ‫אַף‬
a limb
‫ אֵבָר‬nostrails ‫נְחִירַיִם‬
limbs
‫ אֵבָרִים‬cheek ‫לחי‬
well-formed ‫ חִיתּוּךְ אַבָרִים‬cheeks ‫לְחָיָם לסתות‬
right shoulder ‫ כָּתֵף יָמִין‬lip ‫שָׂפָה‬
left shoulder ‫ כָּתֵף שמאל‬lips ‫שְׂפָתַיִם‬
a hump ‫ חֲטוֹטֶרֶת‬upper lip ‫שָׂפָם‬
elbow joint ‫ גוֹמֶר‬under lip ‫שָׂפָה תַחְתּוֹנָה‬
arm , eubit
‫ אַמָּה‬beard
the whole arm
‫ זרוע‬chin
arms
‫ זְרועות‬neck
the lap ‫ חוצן‬back of the neck ‫עוֹרֶף‬
speech ‫ניב‬ vertebrae
‫מַפְרֶקֶת‬
VOCABULARY. 64
Continued .
left hand
‫ יָד שמאל‬arm bone ‫קָנָה הַזְרוע‬
left handed ‫ אִטְר‬right arm
‫זזררוועע ישְָמִׂימןאל‬
palm of the hand ‫ כַּף־הַיָך‬left arm
‫ פּס הַיָך‬pulsation ‫מַדְפֶק‬
back of the hand
! ‫ בַּב הַיָּד‬pulse ‫דֶפֶק‬
thumb or toe ‫ כֹּהֵן‬the hand ‫יָד‬
great toe ‫ גַּודל‬hands ‫יָדַיִם‬
Ist. finger ‫ֶצְבַּע‬-sund
‫ א‬cations signif ry
of ‫י"ד‬
‫לשונות היד‬
middle finger ‫ אַמָּה‬initsreferenceto ‫כמנין י"ד‬
third finger ‫ קְמִיצָה‬..1 hand ‫ יד‬... ‫א‬
fourth or little
{ ׁ‫ שׁלִיש‬2 .. place
part
‫יך‬
‫יך‬
finger ‫ זֶרֶת‬3
clenched fist
‫ אֶגְרוֹף‬4 .: shore ‫ יד‬..... .........
‫ד‬
fist ‫ יד‬.....
‫ טֶפַח‬5 power
fists
‫ טְפָחַיִם‬6 .. prophecy ‫יד‬ ‫ו‬
knuckle ‫ שעל‬7 .. oath ‫ יד‬..
a handful
‫ חֹפֶן קֹמֶץ‬8 .. council ‫יך‬....... ‫ה‬
handfulls g ... hinge ‫•• יך‬
‫הָפְנַיִם‬
fingers, toes ‫ אֶצְבָּעות‬10 .. an order ‫יך‬. ‫ יאי‬........ *
nail ‫ צִפּוֹרְן‬11 .. to cast ‫ יך‬..
'nails ‫ צְפָּרְנַיִם‬12 .. a miracle ‫ יד‬.......... ‫י"ב‬
a man's breast ‫ חָזָה‬13 .. 4 handle ‫ יד‬..
paps ‫ שָׁדַיִם‬14... a plague ‫יד‬ ‫י"ד‬
breast ָ‫ עֲטִין עֲטִינְה‬right hand ‫יָד יָמִין‬

65 VOCABULARY
Continued .
*
ancle'deep ‫ אֲפָסִים‬nipple ‫פָּחָמֶת‬ }
buttocks ‫ עֲנָבות‬narel ‫טַבּוּר־שרָר‬

after part, ‫ אָחור‬udder ‫בְּחַל‬
foot. ‫רֶגֶל‬ loin's
‫מָצְנַיִם‬
feet : ‫רַגְלַיִם‬ ‫חַלְצַיִם‬
mankind ‫עֶצֶה שִׁרְרָה ז‬
‫בָּשָׂר וָדָם‬ backbone
handsome ‫תואר‬ {‫חוטהַשְׁרְרָה‬
beautiful ‫ יְפַת־תּוֹאַר‬scollops of fat ‫פּימָה‬
good looking ‫ יְפַת־מַרְאֶה‬wrinkles ‫קְמָטִים‬
a tall man ‫ בַּעַל קוּמָה‬the bosom ‫חֵיק צִלָחַת‬
a sensible man ‫ בֶּעל שכל‬the back ‫גַּב בֶּן‬
beau a -la -mode

‫ בַּעל צוּרָה‬joint ofthe back ‫חוֹלִיוֹת פְּרָקִים‬
{‫ פקְַּלרְַסצְותֵּףּרדִיוֹקָן‬inbellwayrd parts ‫בֶּטֶן‬
‫קֶרֶב‬
physiognomy
‫ אִיקוּנִין‬: a leg ... ‫שוק‬
shadow by legs
>
...‫שׁוּקִים‬
shadow seen in
the water
‫ בְּבוֹאָה‬the thigh ְ‫וְרֶך‬
strong ‫ חָזָק‬thighs ‫יָרָכַיִם‬
fortitude ‫ חָסון‬shin-bone
‫ו‬
‫קולית‬
knowledge ‫ דֶעת‬knee ְ‫בְּרֶך‬
thought ‫ מַחֲשָׁבָה‬knees ‫בִּרְבַּיִם‬
imagination ‫ שַׁרְעף‬the hams ‫כְּרָעים‬
thinking ‫ עֶשְׁתּונות‬the heel ‫עקֶב‬.
cogitation ‫ מְזִימָה‬ancles ‫קָרְסָלַיִם‬
VOCABULARY . 66
Continued .
teeth ‫ שנים‬frowardness ‫שְׁרִירות‬
eye teeth or
grinders
‫ מַלְתָּעות‬fellowship ‫רֶעיון‬
idem
‫ רְכֶב־פֶּלַח‬large
eyes
or goggle ‫עינַיִם בּלְטוֹת‬
gums ‫ חֲנִיכים‬sunken eyes ‫עמוקות‬.‫עינַיִם‬.
palate ַ‫ אֵיךְ מַלְקוֹח‬perspiration ‫זֵעָה‬
the mouth
spittle ‫רוק‬ ‫פָּה‬
slobber ‫ ריר‬breath ‫נְשִׁימָה‬
throat; ‫ גָרון‬the voice ‫קול‬
wind-pipe ‫ קְנֶה גַרְגָּרֶת‬singing ‫רְנָה‬
swallow , gullet ‫ לוע וְשָׁט‬crying ‫צְעָקָה‬
the heart a belching .‫גִיהוק‬
inside of the ‫ קִירות הַלֶב‬gaping ‫פיהוק‬
337 hic.cough
fat oftheheart 1975-1990j ‫גִיהוּק סָתוּם‬
lungs ‫ רֵאָה‬sneezing ‫עיטוש‬
pipes of the ‫ ) מַמְפונות‬: shins ‫קְנֵי הָרַגְלַיִם‬
lungs
the stomach ‫ אֶסְתּוֹמִכָּא‬coalves ofthele. gs ‫תַּפּוּחֵי הָרַגְלַיִם‬
paunch ‫ מֶסֶס קוֹרְקִבָּן‬great toe ‫בּהֶן הָרֶגֶל‬
the bowels ‫ מעים‬sple of the foot ‫כַּףרֶגֶל‬
intestines ‫ קְרָבַיִם‬tread of the foot ‫דרְיּסרתִ היֶרפֶגֶַתל‬
guts ‫דְּקֵיס‬ corns
‫גְרִיטִין‬
dank ‫ כָּסֶל‬the nature ‫טֶבַע‬
flanks ‫ כְּסָלִים‬naturalheat ‫חום טבעי‬
iver ‫ כָּבֵד‬the tongue ‫לשון‬
skirt
‫ חֲצַר־הַכָּבֵד‬tooth ‫שן‬
67 VOCABULARY .
Continued
expiring ‫ גוסס‬milt ‫זתֶרֶת‬
dead death
‫ מֶת מָוֶת‬canl ofthe liver ‫יוֹתֶרֶת הַכָּבֵד‬
death
‫תְּמוּתָה‬
life's depar
ture
‫פְּטִירָה‬ sweet bread ‫אַלְמַעדָא‬
a corpse ‫פֶּגֶר‬ ‫הַדְרָא‬
a fallen car
‫ מַפְלֶה‬, ‫ נְבֵלָה‬gut fat ‫דִּבַּנְתָּא‬
cass
instantdeath ‫בֵּית הַכּוסות‬
‫מִיתָה חֲטוּפָה‬ fat
uncommon
death ‫מִיתָה־מְשׁוּנָה‬ ‫חֵלֶב‬
short lived gall
‫קְצַר יָמִים‬
cutting off
embalming
‫כָּרֵת‬
bile
kidneys
}‫בְּלָיות טחות‬
‫ראש רוש‬
‫חֲנִיטָה‬
grief before ‫אֲגִינות‬ spleen ‫טְחול‬
burial the maw
rending the
‫קְרִיעה‬ ‫קֵבָה‬
garment
funeral. womb ‫רָחֶם‬
‫לְוָיָה‬
mourning ‫ אבל‬fatofthe entrails ‫פָּדֶר‬
mourner
‫ָבֵל‬p‫ א‬the bladder
Sa
brain or marrow
‫שלפוחית‬
shrouds " ‫מוח‬
‫תַּכְרִיכִין‬
coffin
‫אֲרון‬
false conception ‫מַנְדָּל‬
blood heat
burial
‫קְבוּרָה‬ : ‫וְתִיחַת הַדְם‬
will
a sepulchre ‫קֶבֶר‬ ‫צוּאָה‬
testament
å grave
‫שָׁאול‬ ‫הַיָּתֵיקִי‬
vault an executor ‫אָפוֹטְרופוס‬
‫בור‬
confession ‫וידוי‬
a monument ‫ציון‬
future world
languishing ‫גוע‬
‫עוֹלָם הַבָּא‬
VOCABULARY. 68
Men's Dress, & c. ‫שמות כלי גבר וכ'ו‬

Women's dress, ornaments, & c. ‫שמלת אשה ותמרוקיה‬
woven ‫ נארג‬eternal life ‫חיים נצחים‬
a weaver'sbeam ‫ מנור‬resurrection ‫תְּחִיָּה‬
web
‫ מַסֶכֶת‬judgment ‫דִּין‬
spindle ‫ כישור‬account ‫חֶשְׁבּון‬
distaff ְ‫ פָלֶך‬GARMENTS ‫בְּגָדִים‬
spun ‫ מטוֶה‬cloathing ‫מַלְבּוּשִׁים‬
twisted
‫ מִשְׁזָר‬apparel ‫לְבוּשׁ תִלְבַּשֶׁת‬
a warp ‫ שׂתי‬raiment ‫בגד‬
a woof 1
‫ עֶרֶב‬chan geof
raiment
‫חֲלִיצָה חֲלִיפָה‬
daX , linen ‫פַּשְׁטָה‬-loo se
rai ‫מֵעטֶה‬
ment
silk
‫ מֶשִׁי‬a garment ‫שָׂלְמָה שִׂמְלָה‬
fine linen uable
‫ בוץ‬valclothes ‫מַרְנִים‬
clean clothed
‫ בְּגֶד נְקִי‬wardrobes ‫בְּרוֹמִים‬
fine flax rched or
‫ שְׂרִיקות‬stableached ‫מְנוֹהֵצִים‬
!
wool "
‫ צמר‬dressing ‫הַלְבָּשָׁה‬
woollen cloth ‫ בֶּגֶד צֶמֶר‬undressing ‫הָפְשָׁטָה‬
Jinen cloth ‫ בֶּגֶד פְּשְׁתִּים‬disguise ׁ‫הִתְחַמָּש‬
calico or cotton ‫ בְּגֶד צֶמֶר גֶפֶן‬torn clothes ‫קֶרֶעִים‬
camblet ‫סחבות‬
‫עזִים‬.‫ בֶּגֶד צְמִר‬old rags
canvas or hem.
pen cloth
n out
‫ בְּגֶד קִנְבוס‬worclothes ‫בְּלוּיִם‬
coarse cloth ‫ בְּגֶד שָׁפֶל‬bare footed ‫יָחֵף‬
a veil
‫ עֲטִיפָה‬naked, bare ‫עֶרום עֶרְיה‬
muffled a weaver
‫ארג‬
‫מְעוּטָף‬
elose fit os
‫ צְמִיד לָבוּד‬4 * pin
a
‫יַחַד הָאֵרָג‬
69 VOCABULARY .
Continued .
velvet ‫ שער שֶׁל מֶשִׁי‬tightft ‫מְהוּדָק‬
a mixture
wool and flax
of ‫ שַׁעַטְנֵז‬lap orthe hem ) ‫שָׂפָה שׁוּלִים‬
of a garment
a hat ‫כּוֹבַע‬ ‫כָּנָף‬
a wig ; ‫ פָּאָה נָכְרִית‬a piece of cloth ‫בָּרַךְשֶׁל בֶּגֶד‬
a turban
‫צָנִיף‬ ‫גְלוֹםשֶׁלְבְּגֶד‬
mitres ‫ מִגְבָּעות‬weaver's marks‫אותות הַבָּרְדִין‬
ain
a shirt
‫ חָלוק‬à curt ‫דוק‬
a collar ‫ רְבִיר מְנִינָא‬a cap ‫צְפִירָה‬
a tunic ‫ בְּתוֹנֶת‬silk clothes ‫מֶלֶת פָּטִים‬
a waistcoat rlet onor
‫ מַלְבּוּשׁ תַּחְתּון‬scacrims ‫שָׁנִי‬
lining ‫ מכפול הַבֶּגֶד‬embreiderer
a coat
ties
‫ מַלְבּוש עליון‬embroideres
‫קְשָׁרִים‬ a fuller :
‫רַקְמָה‬ ** *
buttons a scowerer ‫כובס‬
‫קְסָרִים‬
loops ‫ לָלֶאות‬a sempstress ‫מַתְפֶר‬
‫הוט‬
- a
hairy garn‫ אַבֶּרֶת שְׂער‬thread
a cloak ‫ רְדִיד‬hair cloth
a robe ‫ מעיל‬thread lace ‫פְּתִיל‬
*
a loose mantle
ְ‫ תַּבְרִיך‬tassels ‫גְדִילִים‬
small clothes ‫ מִכְנְסַיִם‬fringes , ‫ציצית‬
trowsers ‫ בָּתֵּי שׁוֹמַיִם‬cord ‫חֶבֶל‬
wrapper ַ‫ פָרוּח‬a line
gloves ‫ בָּתִּי יָדַיִם‬fine linen ‫אטון‬
*
a train ‫ עודף‬silk garment ‫בְּגֶד מֶשִׁי‬

VOCABULARY . 70
.Continued .
a purse ‫ בִּיס‬a scart ‫טלֶת‬
a money bag ‫ חֶרֶט‬ashawl ‫מַרְבּל‬
bundle of
‫צְרוֹר‬ pelisse ‫גְלִימָא‬
money
pockets
Diping morning gown ‫אַנְפַלְיָא‬
pocket handker a bonnet
chief ‫סוֹדָר‬ ‫אבְנֵט‬
a tooth pick
‫ מְנַפֶה שְׁנַיִם‬a girdle ‫חֲגוּרָה‬
a ring hyay a belt ‫אזור‬
a seal
‫ חוֹתָם‬a sash ‫מוח‬
8 watch or clock ‫ מַרְעֶה הַשַׁעות‬shoes ‫נעלים‬
weights of a hiyon-Sprein upper leather
clock
a
‫אֲפִנְתָא‬
money ‫ עות‬p sole of the shoe ‫גִילְדָא‬
wealth ‫ מון‬p shoe latchet ‫שְׂרוּךְ גַעל‬
coin ‫מוניטון‬ strap of theshoe ‫רְצוּעָה‬
current coin e of the ‫חֲבָט‬
‫מִטְבָּעות‬ tongu
: shoe
silver
‫ כָּסֶף‬shoe buckles ‫מִסְגְרוֹת הַבַּעל‬
gold ‫ זָהָב‬sa ndals ‫אַנְדָלִים‬
fine gold ID slippers ‫אנפלאות‬
sovereigns ‫ מְלָכִים‬indian cane ‫קָנָה הוֹדִיי‬
a Crown
‫ כָּתְר‬a stick ‫מַקֵל‬
half a crown
‫ חָצִי בָּקֶר‬a wand ‫הוטר‬
WOMAN ‫ אִשָׁה‬a walking staff ‫מַטֶה‬
female
‫ נְקֵבָה‬a crutch ‫מִשְׁען‬
prostitute a rod or baton
‫נָבְקָה‬ ‫שְׁבָט‬
harlot
‫ קָדֵשָׁה‬spectacles ‫בָּתֵּי עֵינַיִם‬
71 VOCABULARY.
Continued .
hoop rings ‫ עֲגִילִים‬conely ‫יְפַת תואר‬
bracelets ‫ צְמִידִים‬handsome ‫יְפַת מַרְאֶה‬
necklaces ‫ עֲנָקים‬beautiful eye ‫יְפַת עין‬
jewelled neck
laces
‫ חֲרוּזִים‬lovely ‫וְפִפְיָה‬
lovely jewels ‫ חֲפָצִים‬ornament ‫עדי‬.
polished gems ‫ פְּנִינִים‬white paint ‫שִׁית‬
for the face
!
gems ‫חֲלָאִים‬ ) ‫תַּמְרוּק הַפָּנִים‬
pearls ‫ מַרְגָּלִיות‬finery ‫תַּכְשִׁיט‬
bows
fine mantles ‫רְדִידִים‬ ‫קְשׁוּרִים‬
veils ‫ צעיפים‬caps hoods ‫פּאָרות‬
gold cordthree ‫ שִׁלְשְׁלָאות‬ribband ‫יִירָא‬

gold cords
‫רְתּוקות‬
head -dresses ‫צְנִיפות‬
a chain bracelet ‫ אֵצְעָדָה‬gold chains ‫מִשְׁבְּצות‬
a locket braided ‫עבותים‬
‫כּוּמָז‬
tiaras ‫ שְׁבִיסִים‬plaited ‫צְמָתִים‬
moon ornaments
‫ שַׁהֲרֹנִים‬needles ‫מַחֲטִים‬
sweet powder ‫ נְטִיפות‬pins ‫סְעדות‬
tinkling orna ‫ עֶכֶס‬curly lock ‫דֶלֶת‬
ment
lock of hair
tinkling orna
ments ‫עֲכָסִים‬ ‫פָּרַע‬
a hood a comb
‫מַסְוֶה‬ ‫מַשְׂרֵק‬
embroidered ‫ מַלְבּוּשׁ רְקְמָה‬head ornament ׁ‫ערִיִי הָרֹאש‬
folding gar
ments
‫ מֶעטְפות‬pai nt forthe eye
brows
‫פּוּךְ כְּחול‬
rollers
‫ רְעֶלות‬nose rings ‫נָזְמִים‬
crisping pins ‫חֲרִיטִים‬ ear rings ‫לחָשִׁים‬
VOCABULARY . 72
Of buildings, houses, ‫מבנין הבית וחומרותיו‬

and their materials. ‫והנמשכים‬
a wine vault ,
‫ בֵּית הַיָּיִן‬looking glasses ‫בְּלִיוֹנִים‬
public house ‫ בֵּית הַשֵׁכָר‬towels ‫מַטְפַּחות‬
lodging house ‫ בֵּית הַלִינָה‬sheets ‫סְדִינִים‬
an inn ‫ מָלון‬well set hair ‫פתיגיל‬
winter house ‫סְנִירִיס‬
‫ בֵּית הַחֹרֶף‬aprons
a summer house
‫ בית הַקֵיִץ‬mask ‫סתֶר פָּנִים‬
court of justice ‫ בֵּית הַועד‬a fan ‫מִזְרָה‬
council chamber
‫ בֵּית הָעֲצָה‬to fold clothes ‫קיפּוּל בְּגָדִים‬
magistrates ‫ בֵּית דִּין‬clothes unsewed ‫בְּגֶד פָּרום‬
chancery court ‫ בֵּית הַפּוֹפְרִים‬torn clothes ‫בֶּגֶד קרע‬
library ‫ בֵּית הַפָּפָרִים‬old clothes ‫בְּגֶד יָשָׁן‬
custom house ‫ בֵּית הַמֶּכְס‬a patch 1 ‫מַטְלֶת‬
store house ‫ אֲפָם‬patches ‫מִטְלָאות‬
treasures ‫ גְנָזִים‬TEMPLE ‫הֵיכָל‬
treasury ‫ בֵּית הָאֹאָרות‬a palace ‫אָרְמון‬
royaltreasure ‫ סגוּלֶת מְלָכים‬place ‫מְקוֹם‬
workhouse ‫ בֵּית הַמְלָאכָה‬house ‫בַּיִת‬
house of cor ‫ בֵּית הַמוּסָר‬a court ‫חָצֵר‬
rection
shop ‫ חָנוּת‬modelofahouse ‫תַּבְנִית הַבַּיִת‬
shops ‫ חֵנויות‬a new house ׁ‫בַּיִת חָדָש‬
theatre ‫ טַרְטְרָאות‬spacious house ‫בֵּית מְדות‬
amphitheatre ‫ אַצְטרְיא‬a narrow house ‫בְּיִת צָר‬
a bridge ‫ אֲשֶׁר‬eating house ‫בֵּית הָאֹכֶל‬
VOCABULARY
Continued .
ground ‫ קַרְקַע‬a ferry boat ‫מֵעבָּר‬
a
slote pavement‫ מַרְצְפֶת אֲבָנִים‬a dungeon ‫בֵּית הַכֹּהֵר‬
a ärge room ‫ מִסְדְרוֹנָה‬prison house ‫בֵּית הַמֶּלֶה‬
dist ‫ עָפָר‬a cell ‫מַסְגֶר‬
sand ‫ חול‬stocks ‫מַהֵפֶכְר‬
gravel ‫ הָצָץ‬prison ward ‫מִשְׁמָר‬
lime ‫ שיד • גִיר‬lock up house
chalk ‫ גוֹפְסִין‬slaughter-house‫בֵּית הַמִּטְבָּחַיִם‬
a stone
‫ אֶבֶן‬butchers'shops ‫בֵּית הַפְּקוּלִין‬
hewn stone ‫ אֶבֶן גָּזִית‬hospital ‫בֵּית חוֹלִים‬
mine ‫ מַחְצָב‬alms house ‫אוֹסֶף הֶל‬
clay ‫ חומר‬height ‫רום‬
thick clay ‫ עֶבְטִיט‬lofty ‫גובה‬
mortar ‫ חֵמָר‬breadth ‫רוחב‬
mire ‫ יט‬p depth ‫עומק‬
cement ׁ‫ רֶפֶש‬form of a house ‫צוּרַת הַבַּית‬
dirt 173 front of a housea
‫פְּנִי הבּיִת‬
slime ‫ מלט‬back of a house ‫אֲחוֹרֵי הַבַּיִת‬
‫ ג‬building ‫ בִּנְיַן‬aporchorentry ‫אוּלָם‬
m erection ‫ קַיָּם‬painted house ‫בֵּית מְצוּיָיר‬
a stucco house
ready ‫מְזוּמָן‬ ‫בֵּית מְכוּיָר‬
prepared ‫ נָכון‬a plaisterer ‫כִּיר‬
getting ready ‫ הַכָנָה‬or stuccorer ‫כִּיר‬
a base ‫ בֶּן * בַּנָד‬a hall ‫עזרה‬
G.
VOCABULARY ,
74
Continued .
first floor
‫ שְׂטַח רְאשון‬a foundation ‫יסוד‬
middle floor
‫שְׂמַח אֶמְצָאִי‬ foundations ‫יְסודות‬
garret ‫שְׂמַח עֶלְיון‬ ‫אָשִׁיות‬
dwelling ‫ מעון‬marble ‫שָׁשׁ שׁיש‬
habitation
‫זְבוּל‬ rows of stone ‫מרבְּיות‬
settlement
‫ נְוֵה‬, ‫ נָוֶה‬, ‫ נָוָה‬brick ‫לְבָנָה‬
dwelling places
‫ נְאוֹת‬bricks ‫לְבֵנִים‬
beams ,
‫ גְּבִים‬, ‫ סְפוּנִים‬half brick ַ‫אָרִיח‬
rafters
‫ קורוֹת אֵלָמות‬brick-kiln ‫מַלְבֵּן‬
hand beams
sticks
‫ בְּפִים‬. smoothstones ‫חַלָּקִי אֲבָנִים‬
‫ מוטות‬over against ‫מול‬
staves
‫ בַּדִּים‬a wall ‫חוֹמָה‬
planks ‫ קְלוּנְסָאוֹת‬wall of defence ‫קִיר‬
close covering ‫ צָמִיד‬partition ‫מְחִיצָה‬
boards
‫ עצים‬afence ‫נֶדֶר‬
thick planks ‫ עוֹבִים‬hedge ‫מסוכה‬
divers sorts of
boards ‫ מְרִישות‬damaged wall ‫כּוֹתֶל רַעוע‬
a door post
‫ סֵף‬repair ‫בְּדֶק‬
door posts ‫ סיפים‬a fissure
‫סֶדֶק‬
entry ‫ איל‬a crack ְ‫בְּרַך‬
entries ‫ אילים‬crevice ‫חור‬
i cieling ‫נָּג‬ a hole
‫נֶקֶב‬
boards ‫טור‬
‫קְרָשִׁים‬ a row
Jaths
‫ נְפָרִים‬order ‫סדר‬
VOCABULARY .
Continued .
picture gallery ‫ חַדְרֵי מַשְׂבִּית‬a table boara ‫טַבְלָא‬
a divided room ‫ גזְרָה‬arithmetical tables ‫לחות‬ ‫ם‬
or parlour
an attic ‫ אַתִּיק‬set in order ‫משלבות‬
a viranda ‫ יָצְײַע‬a pavement ‫רַצְפָּה‬
a closet ysy flooring ‫רְפִידָה‬
corner stone ‫ פְּנָה‬paving stone ‫רוֹבְד‬ le
corner ‫ פּאָה‬pilars ‫ עֲמוּדִים‬:

‫אמנות‬ ke
a corner room
‫ כָּתֵף זָוָה‬columns
an end room ‫ קְצוֹת‬short pillars ‫עֲמוּדִים נְנָסִין‬,
i recess
‫ מִקְצוע‬pedestals ‫רַגְלֵי הֶעמֶרִים‬
side ְ‫ יָרֵך‬pillar hooks ‫נָנִי הֶעמֶדִים‬
side wing ‫ כָּנָף כָּתֵף‬a sock et ‫אָדֶן‬
a trough ‫ וְהִיטַת‬sockets ‫אֲדָנִים‬
a water trough ‫שׁוֹקֶת‬ a room
‫חֵדֶר‬ E]
an open door ‫ פּתַח‬rooms ‫חֲדָרִים‬ UN
a closed door ‫ דֶּלֶת‬large room ‫עליותי‬

a gate ‫שָׁער‬ ‫מְרוּחִים‬
door posts ‫ מְזוזות‬a balcony ‫אַכְסַדְרָא‬
a lintil ‫ מַשְׁקוף‬a gallery ‫אַכְסַנְדֶר‬
cross posts ‫ אמות‬large court ‫מַרְפֶּסֶד‬ E
a little gate ׁ‫ פּשְׁפָּש‬a cool room ‫עֲלֵית הַמְקֵרָה‬

a threshold ‫ מִפְתָּן‬study chanuber ‫חֲדָר הַלִימוד‬
onter chamber ‫ פְּרוֹזָדור‬counting house ‫חַדֶר הַחֶשְׁבּון‬
tenons ‫ יָדות‬dining room ‫חָדָר הָאֲכִילָה‬
VOCABULARY .
76
Continued
chimney ‫ אַרְבָּה‬hinges ‫צירות‬
grated windows
‫ חֲרַכִּים‬straight hinges ‫פותות‬
wine vault
‫ מַרְתֵּף‬double hinges ‫סניפִין‬
granaries
‫ מַמְגֶרות‬hollow ‫נְבוּב‬
dens , ;
‫ מְעָרוֹת‬a tube ‫חֲלוּל‬
caverns
‫ נִקְרוֹת‬empty ‫רֵיקָס ריק‬
hole ( that is dug)
‫ מַחְתֵּרֶת‬concavity ‫שַׁכַּעֲרוֹרִית‬
a pit : ‫ הֵפִירָה‬wooden pins ‫יִתֵּרות‬
å ditch
‫ גוּמֵץ‬nails ‫מִסְמָרות‬
a deep hole ‫ שׁוּחָה • שִׁיחָה‬a lock
>
‫מִסְפֶּרֶת גִיף‬
hollows ‫ כפים‬a bar ַ‫בְּרִיח‬
a muddy ditch ‫ מַחֲמור‬a bolt ‫קְלוּסְתְּרָא‬
trenches
binin a padlock ‫מַנְעול‬
hidden treasure
‫ מַטְמון‬a key ַ‫מַפְתֵּח‬
tiles a knocker
‫רעפים‬ ‫מַדְפַק‬
a parapet ‫ מֵעקֶה‬porters ‫שוערים‬
a wash house a ladder
‫הַמַּרְחָץ‬ ‫סוּלָם‬
a bath
‫ מִקְנֵה‬steps ‫מַדְרֵגות‬
a bathing house ‫ בֵּית הַטְבִילָה‬stairs ‫מעלות‬
a wash ‫בֵּית הַכְּבִיטָה‬ ‫שלבים‬
sides of a ladder
soap
a steam place
‫בורית‬
a window
} ‫שלבות‬
‫יָדַע‬ ‫חֲלון‬
hidden thing
‫ מַצְפון‬a skylight ‫צהר‬
a well ‫ בור ביר‬lattices ‫שְׁמָשׁות‬
2,
VOCABULARY .
Of Household Furniture, & c. ' ‫כלי הבית מטלטלים וכו‬

bed posts ‫עצִי הַמָּטָה‬ Household ‫בְּלִי הַבַּיִת־‬
foot of the bed ‫נו " רֶגֶל הַמָּטָה‬rniture ‫מְטַלְטֵלִים‬
a hammock ‫ כבִּיר‬implements ‫בְּלִי אִמָּנות‬
a blanket a covering ‫מִכְסֵה‬
‫שְׂמִיכָה‬
a quilt ‫ סות‬hangings ‫כּוֹחָלִים‬
an upper coverlid ‫ כְּסוּת‬aa chest ‫ארון‬
a counterpane ‫ מְסִיכָה‬ark ‫תֵּיבָה‬
sheet
‫ אֶלוֹנְטִית‬, ‫ סָדִין‬a box ‫שִׁידָה‬
.
a carpet ‫ שְׁרַפְּרָף‬atrunk ‫אַרְגָז‬
tapestry ‫ טָפִיט‬presses,closets ‫קְלָתות‬
tapestries ‫ מַרְבַּדִים‬cofer ‫קוּפְסָא‬
a mat
mbyna rafling box ‫קַלְפִי‬
door-mat ‫ מָפָץ‬a cupboard ‫מִגְדָל‬
foot -stool ‫ הֲלֹם‬a side board ‫גְלוֹסְקָמָא‬
curtain, curtains ‫ יְרִיעהיְרִיעות‬a cisterna
‫כיור‬
figure hangings ‫קְלָעים‬ font ‫כנן‬
holy veil ‫ פָּרוֹכֶת‬a base ‫בֶּן בָּסִיס‬
door curtain ְ‫ מָסָך‬foundation ‫מכון‬
a veil
‫ וִילון‬socket ‫אָדִן‬
mirrors ‫ מראות‬a coverlid ‫ כְּסָתות‬, ‫בְּמַת‬
looking glasses ‫בְּלִיוֹנִים‬ a mattress
‫רְפִיָדָה‬
a reflector ‫ רוֹאִי‬bolster ‫מַצָע‬
a speculum ‫ אַסְפֶּקְלֶרֵיָא‬pillows ‫מֵרַאֲשׁות‬
paintings ‫ מַשְׂבִּית‬a bed ‫מטה‬
VOCABULARY , 78
Continued
porringers
‫ קעָרוֹת‬pictures ‫ציורים‬
spoons
‫ פפות‬mouldings
‫ם‬ ‫נְקודות‬
‫י‬ ִ
clasp knives ‫ חַכִּינִים שָׂבִּינ‬a painted stone ‫אֶבֶן מַשְׂבִּית‬
butcher's knives
‫ מַחֲלִיפִים‬candlestick ‫מְנוּרָה‬
a table knife
‫ מאַכֶלֶת‬a light ‫מָאור‬
table forks
‫מִזְלָנור‬ a glass lamp ‫עשָׂשִׂית‬.
penknife ‫ איזמל‬a candle ‫נֶר‬
salt cellars ‫בָּזִיכִין‬ wax candle 7 ‫נר של דונג‬
bowl, bowls ‫ מִזְרָקִים‬, ‫מִזְרָק‬
chair, chairs ‫בְּפָא בְּפָאות‬
} ‫שֶׁל שַׁעֲוָה‬.
‫שֶׁל חֶלֶב‬, 9)
a tallow candle
9
« of colored silk ‫ שֶׁל פָּטִים‬,
of silk
{ ‫שֶׁל פֶרֶד‬,
‫ שֶׁל מֶשִׁי‬link ‫פְּתִילָה‬
of spun silk ְ‫ שֶׁל כַלָּך‬tongs ‫מַלְקַחַיִם‬
,, of straw
‫ שֶׁל גְּמִי‬snuflers ‫לצְבַּת‬
an arm chair
‫ כּמָּא שֶׁלי‬singeing ְ‫חֵרֶך‬
a torch
‫זרועות‬ ‫אֲבוּקָה‬
an easy chair a lanthorn
‫קתַּדְרָא‬ ‫פַּנָּס‬
a watch
‫ מַרְאֵה הַשָּׁעות‬a table ‫שלְחָן‬
a clock
‫אולוגון‬ a
square ‫מְרוּבָּע‬
clock weights ‫מִשְׁקוֹלֶתי‬ round ‫עגול‬,
‫שָׁעות‬ roasting -jack ‫מְגַלְגַּל‬
bowl
‫ גְבָיַע‬lay thecloth ‫הַכְנֶת הַשָׁלְחָן‬
A cup
‫ כוס‬atable cloth ‫מִפַּת הַשָׁלְחָן‬
basons
‫ אַמָּנות‬towels ‫מטפחות‬
79 VOCABULARY .
Continued .
a smoothing
iron
‫ גִיהוץ‬hollow vessels ‫סיפות‬
|
bathing tub ‫ אַמְבָּטִי‬china basoa ‫בַּפָּא דְמוֹקְרָא‬ E
washing tab ‫ בְּלְזוֹמָא‬glass ‫נוכית‬
squeezing ‫ סְהִיטָה‬a cradle ‫ ערִיסָה‬,
water-closet ‫ בֵּית־הַכָּסֶא‬kneading
trough ‫ ערִיבָה‬, t
a seat ‫ מוֹשָׁב‬a table board ‫לוח‬
a chamber utensil
‫ קִיתּון‬fasks ‫צְלָחות‬
charcoal
‫ פָּחָ ם שחור‬a lagon ‫בַּקְבּוּק‬
sea coal
‫בְּחָלים‬ a pitcher ְ‫נאך כָּך‬
a shovel
‫ מַגְרֵפָה‬a bottle ‫נֶגֶל‬
bellows ַ‫ מַפּוּח‬wine skins ‫אובות‬
an oven
‫ פנור‬perfuming pan ‫מַחְתָּה‬
a small oven
‫ בִּירָה‬water trough ‫שׁוֹקֶת‬
battery for pans ‫ כִּירַיִם‬a sieve ‫ܕܕܕܪ‬
an earthen pan 17777 scowering ‫מוֹרָק‬
a watering pot ‫ סיר‬, ‫ דוד‬ruddle ‫כְּבָרָה‬
a caldron ‫ דוד‬rinsing ‫שׁוֹטֵף‬
earthen vessels
‫ בְּלִי־חֶרֶס‬wringing ‫שְׁפְשׁוּף‬
a grater ‫ מְגָרֵר‬sponge ‫סְפוג‬
a mortar
‫ מְדוּכָה‬.drying ‫ניגוב‬
a pestre ‫ עלי‬broom ‫מְטַאֲטֵאָה‬
a bucket or pail ‫ דְלִי‬aclothes-brush
a
‫מְזַרִי‬
‫שֶׁל‬ a razor
‫תַּעַר‬
a spioe box
} ‫בקְוּּשָפְׂמתִיָםא של‬ a sheathe
‫נדְנָה‬
VOCABULARY . 80
Continued .
small fire wood ‫ בַּבָּבָה‬oil bottle ‫ כּוּתָא‬, ‫כּוּז‬
dust
‫ אֵפֶר‬ajar ‫בְּרָב‬
ashes
‫ דֶשֶׁן‬aknife
chopping ‫מַעצָד‬
ember
ַ‫ פִיח‬axe ‫בשיל‬
botomofapot ‫ שׁוּלֵי הַקְדֵרָה‬plates ‫כְּפוּרִי‬
pot lid
‫ כִּפּוּי הַקְרֵרָה‬a ladle ‫מגֶס‬
boiling ַ‫ רוֹתָּח‬, ַ‫ נָפוּח‬a basket ‫סל‬
bubbling a spit
‫מְבַצְבֵּץ‬ ‫שְׁפּוד‬
scalding. ‫ סולד‬wheel of a spit ‫גַּלְגַּל הַשׂפּור‬
scum of a pot
‫ חָלְאָה‬gridiron ‫אַסְכָּלָה‬
scum of liquors a trivet
‫זוֹהַמָא‬ ‫שְׁפַתַּיִם‬
skimmings
a spade
‫ אוֹפְתָא‬toasting rack ‫אבוב שֶׁל קַלָּא‬
‫ רַחַת‬a warming pan ‫מְסוֹכְנֶת‬
dresser
‫ שְׂרִיף עץ‬clipper s or
p.ncers
‫קלפות‬
mills
‫ רְחַיִם‬hammer ׁ‫פָּטִיש‬
upper mill
stone
nether mill
‫ רֶכֶב‬wooden platter : ‫בִּלְפָק‬
stone ‫ רֶכֶב תַּחְתִּית‬a stew pan ‫מַחֲבַת‬
piece of a mill
‫פלח‬ a fricasee pan
‫אִילְפָס‬
grinding ‫ טָחון‬frying pan ‫מִרְחֶשֶׁת‬
strainer
‫ מְזַקֶפֶת‬a pan : ‫מַשְׁרֶת‬
a funnel
ְ‫ מַשְׁפַך‬cooking vessel ‫קַלָּחַת‬
a sink
‫ אֲשֶׁר‬kettle ‫צַלַּחַת‬
a tap ‫ מַרְזֵב‬a boiler
bench
‫אַגְמון‬
‫סַפְסָל‬ a deep boiler ‫פּרוּד‬
81 VOCABULARY .
Wild treess & c. ,‫מיני סרק למיניהם‬

Trees offood & c . ‫מכל עץ מאכל וכו‬
Willow a Wilderness
‫עֲרָבָה‬ ‫יִשִׁימון‬
weeping willow a desert
‫צַפְצְפָּה‬ ‫מִדְבָּר‬
a wood
gourd
‫קִיָקִיון‬ ‫ הוּרְשָׁה‬, ׁ‫חוֹרֵש‬
coral,almug ‫ אַלְגוּם אַלְמוּג‬aforest ‫יער‬
acacia -bush ‫ סְנֶה‬agrove for
paganism
‫אֲשֵׁרָה‬
thorny bush ‫ שָׁמִיר‬, ‫ אָטָד‬agrove ‫אשל‬
an elm
bransole
‫נְעֲצוּץ‬ ‫אֲלָה‬
cypress ‫ תִּרְזָה‬a waste ‫ערער‬
nettles a heath
ׁ‫קמוֹש‬ ‫רוֹתָם‬
mulberry tree a tree
‫בָכָא‬ ‫ציץ‬
boxtree an oak
‫אשְׁכְּרוע‬ ‫אלון‬
a prickly shrub ‫ שית‬cedar ‫אֶרֶז‬
briars
‫ חֲרוּלִים‬gopher ‫גוּפֶר‬
hyssop ‫אזוב‬ shittim ‫שיטים‬
ַ‫ חוּח‬,‫ קוץ‬sittah tree ‫שְׁטָה‬
various
‫ סלון‬, ‫ סיר‬myrtle ‫הדס‬
names of
thorns ‫ בַּרְקָנִים‬wild myrtle ‫הַדָּס שׁוֹטֶה‬
‫ דַּרְדַּר חֵדֶק‬pine tree ‫תִּדְהָר‬
‫ פַרְפָּד‬box tree ‫תְּאֵשׁוּר‬
flag . ‫ אַגְמון‬wild fig tree ‫שְׁקְטָה‬
bull rush ‫ גוֹמָא גְמִי‬poplar tree ‫לִבְנָה‬
a tree
ָ‫אִיל‬g fir trees
‫ן‬isan ‫בְּרוֹשִׁים‬
trees
‫ אילנות‬ash ‫אֹרֶן‬
VOCABULARY . 82
Continued .
caking of figs ‫ דְבֵלָה‬food tree ‫עץ מַאֲכל‬
a pomegranate ‫ רִמון‬fruit tree ‫עץ פְּרִי‬.
pomegranates ‫ רְמוּנִים‬green tree ‫עץ רְעֲנָן‬.
olive tree ‫ זַיִת‬grafting ‫מוּרְכָּם‬
olives ‫ זיתים‬vine ‫גְפֶן‬
shaking of the ‫חֲבִיטָה‬
bunch of grapes ‫אֶשְׁכּול‬
olives
a date tree ‫ תָּמָר‬ripe grape ‫ענב‬.
dates ‫ תְּמָרִים‬ripe grapes ‫ ענָבִים‬,
a large date ‫כּוֹתֶבֶת‬ } ‫בשולות‬
green dates green or sour
‫כַּפְנִיות‬ grapes
‫מֵהוֹת‬
palm tree ‫ לוּלָב‬tender wine ‫סְמָדָר‬
almonds
‫ׁקקָ!דִים‬#ְ‫ ש‬branches of ‫ענְפִי הַגְפֶן‬
apple
apples
ַ‫תַּפּוּח‬
‫תַּפּוּחִים‬ aa
grapes
noble vine
) ‫מוּרָה‬
‫ זָמוֹרָה‬,‫שְׂרִינִים‬
‫שורק‬
nut , nuts ‫ לוּזִים‬, ‫לוז‬ a single grape ‫פֶּרֶט‬
chesnut
‫עֶרְמון‬ sour or unripe ‫בּוֹסֶר‬
chesnuts
‫ עֶרְמוֹנִים‬grape seed ‫חַרְצַן‬
pistachio nuts ‫ בָּטְנִים‬skin ofgrape ‫זָג‬
walnut tree ‫ אגוז‬raisins ‫צְמוּקים‬
walnuts ‫ אֱגוזים‬fig tree ‫תְּאֵנָה‬
pears ‫ אֲגָסִים‬figs ‫תְּאֵנִים‬
peaches ‫ אֲפַרְסְקִים‬green igs ‫פַּגִין‬
apricots ‫ פְרִישִׁין‬dried fgs ‫רַבְרְבָן‬
quinces ‫ חֲבוּשִׁים‬currants ‫גרוגרות‬
VOCABULARY .
Continued,
‫ פירות‬citron ‫אֶתְרוג‬
rotten fruit
‫ נִרְקָבִיס‬citrons ‫אֶתְרוֹגִים‬
‫ עבוֹשִׁים‬cherries , mulberries ‫תותים‬
stalk hit mule
‫ עוֹקֵץ‬-wberries ‫תּוּתִים לְבָנִים‬
flowers ‫ צִיצִים‬red mulberries ‫תּוּתִּים אֲרוֹמִים‬
blossoms ‫ נְצָנִים‬plums ‫שזיפים‬
buds ‫ פִיטוּרִים‬damascusplums ‫דוֹרְמַשְׁבִים‬
tree yeilding
twice a year
‫ דוּפָרָא‬medlars ‫חֲמִישִׁיות‬
a plant ‫ מִמַע שֶׁתל‬sour fruit ‫עוֹזָרָדִין‬
a root ‫ שׁוֹרֶשׁ עיקר‬acarobes ‫חֲרוֹבִין‬
trunk of a tree
‫ גֶזַע‬dwarf pears
yra ‫קרוֹשְׁטְמֵקִין‬
flower pot ‫ עציץ‬, adam's apple ‫אַרְזול‬
humid ‫לָחוּת‬-Pries chern
russia ‫זִיפזוּף‬
leaves
. ‫ עֶלִים עִמָּאִים‬cranberri
es ‫גוּדְצָנֵיות‬
torn leaf ‫ טְרְפָא‬pistacheos nuts ‫פַּסְתָקִים‬
shadow ,
shadows
‫ צאֵלִים‬, ‫ צל‬raspberries ‫אוֹגִים‬
‫ עָנָף‬gooseberries ‫ענבי קוצם‬
branches ‫ אָמִיר‬wild grapes ‫בְּאֶשִׁים‬
variously blackberries
expressed ‫צַמֶּרֶת‬ ‫רִימִין‬
ְ‫ בָך‬. ‫ נֶצֶר‬lopping ‫תורמוסים‬
‫ שׁוֹכָה‬, ְ‫שׁוֹבְך‬
{ ‫פלוסלוס‬
,‫ סַרְעף‬, ‫ סְעיף‬kernels of ְ‫גַרעין שֶׁבְּתוך‬
‫ יוֹנְקֶת שְׁלָחִים‬fruit } ‫הַפְרִי‬
‫ זִלְעָלִים‬,‫פארת‬
VOCABULARY . 84
Garden plants & " ‫מהגן והצומחים וכו‬
mandrakes
‫ דודָאִים‬vine branches ‫סוּרֵי הַגֶפֶן‬
lilly
{ ‫ יַבְרוּחִים‬thorny branches ‫קְצִירִיס פַנְסָן‬
‫ שׁוֹשַׁנָּהן‬palms ‫כפות‬
a rose
‫חֲבַצֶלֶת‬ canes
‫גְבְעוֹלִין קָנִים‬
vineyard ‫ בַּנָה‬,‫ כָּרֶם‬sour fruits ‫פירות חֲמוּצִים‬
wine-press ‫ פּוּרָה‬, ‫ יֶקֶב‬,‫ גֶת‬lemon ‫למוניס‬
a tree
‫ אֶשֶׁל‬, ַ‫ שִׂיח‬china oranges ‫תַּפּוּחֵי סְיני‬
a walled garden ‫טַרַאנְיָא‬
‫ קַרְפַף‬seville orange
limes
garden plat ‫גַן רָטוב‬ ‫שׁוּפִין‬
green field
‫ רָטוֹף‬peel ‫פיצול‬
watering can ‫ אָבָּק מַטְרָס‬bark ‫צִקְלִין‬
a walk ‫ טיול‬rind ‫קְלִיפַת חָפְרִי‬
sweet canes
diversion
‫עלז עלְץ דֶשֶׁן‬ :
‫קָנִים מְתוּקִים‬
pleasant ‫ שֶׁעשוע‬sugar cane ‫חֶצְב קָנָה‬
delight ‫ עוֹנֶג‬sugar ‫מתוק אֲרוֹס‬
a fence ‫ גָדֵר‬fruit trees ‫רִי אַבִּי‬
hedge ‫סיג‬ orchard ) ‫ שָׂדֶה‬,‫פַּרְדִס‬
a thorn
a cottage
‫מְשׁוּכָה‬
‫ סוּכָּה‬GARDEN
{" ‫אִילָן‬
‫ גִנָּה‬,‫בֵּן‬
hat lodge ‫מְלוֹנָה‬ a flower bed
‫עֶרֶנָּה‬
cucumber -bed
‫ מַקְשָׁה‬seed ‫זָרַע‬
vintage season ‫זְמַן הַבָּצִיר‬ a flower
‫פָּרָח‬
pressing grapes ‫ דוֹרֵךְ עֲנָבִים‬ablossom ‫ נָצָה‬,‫ציץ‬
85 SCRIPTURAL PHRASES .
Vegetables, 8c, ,‫מהצמחים הדשאים וגן הירק וכו‬

ploughed field ׁ‫ שָׂדֶה חֲרוּש‬kernel ‫ פור‬, ‫גַּרְגִיר‬
Bown field
‫ שָׂדֶה זָרָע‬melons ‫אבטיחים‬
ungown field
‫ שָׂדֶה לָבָן‬cucumbers ‫קִשׁוּאִים‬
a close
corner of a field
‫ שָׂדֶה מִרְעֶה‬jessamin ‫וַאסִימִין זִימְלָק‬
‫ פְּאַת שָׂדֶה‬gravel stone ‫חָצֵץ‬
gleaning ‫ לֶקֶט‬fallen, withered ‫ בֶּלַל‬, ‫נָבֶל‬
forgotten ‫ שְׁכְחָה‬long cucumbers ‫מְלָפְפונות‬
an estate or
inheritance
‫ יְרוּשָׁה‬close growing ְ‫מְחוּבָּר סָמוּך‬
‫ נַחֲלָה‬husbandry ‫ עבודה‬,
meadows
ּ‫ אָחו‬fallow land ‫נִיר‬
mile-stone
‫ אֶבֶן הָאֲזֶל‬ground ‫חֲרִיץ‬
grass
‫ דֶשֶׁא‬bed ‫ערוּנָה‬.
vegetation ‫ צְמַח‬wheat sheaf ׁ‫ערִימָה גָדִיש‬.
increase
‫יְבוּל‬ a plantation ‫שָׂרָה‬
herb
new hay
ׂ‫ לֶקֶש‬, ‫ עֶשֶׂב‬acountry house ‫בֵּית יַעַר‬
‫ חֲצִיר‬granaries ‫ממגורות‬
gathered ‫ מְפוֹרָד‬heap ‫ תֶּלֶם‬, ‫תל נך‬
a Jose
{ ‫ מְסוּלָק‬rolling heap ‫ גוֹלֶם‬,‫גל‬
‫ שׁוֹשַׁן‬mud heap ‫חוֹמֶר‬
roses
‫ רָדִים‬standing heap ‫ צְבּוּר‬, ‫נְצִיב‬
narcissus a
basilicon
‫ גַרְקָס‬4 possession ‫אַחְוָה • חֲזָקָה‬
‫כָּלִיל‬ a portion
rue
‫ חֶלֶק‬,‫חֶלְקָה‬
‫ פִינָם‬a part ‫ ܕܘܝ ܞܕܘ‬e
mint
‫ מינְתָּא‬acre ‫בית פור‬
H
SCRIFTURAL PHRASES . 86
Continued .
pot herbs ‫ יְרָקוֹת‬eatable green ‫יֶרֶק‬
cauliflowers ‫ בָּרוּב לְבָנִים‬provender ‫מִסְפּוא‬
red cabbage ‫ בְּרוֹב אֲרוּמִים‬eatable herbs ‫אורות‬
cabbage shall ‫ קֶלַח שֶׁל בְּרוּב‬ploughing ׁ‫חָרִיש‬

kale ‫ בַּרְסָם‬reaping ‫קצִיר‬
crab apples ‫ פַּקֶעות‬threshing ׁ‫דְּיִש‬
carrots ‫ אֲפוּנִים‬vintage ‫בָּצִיר‬
parsnips ‫ אֲפוּנִים לְבָנִים‬a wild rose ‫בָּאֲשָׁה‬
capers ‫ צְלָף‬,‫ קַפְרִיסִין‬seed ‫זֶרַע‬
radish ‫ צנון‬pulse ‫זַרְעוֹנִים‬
horse radish ‫ תַּמְכָא‬bruised corn ‫רפות‬
onions ‫ בְּצָלִים‬kidney beans ‫פול הַלָּבָן‬
charvil ‫ חַרְחַבִּינָא‬black 9
‫פול הַמִּצְרִי‬
‫ לוף‬spanish peas ‫אַפוּנִין‬
eschalots
leeks
‫ בַּרְתִּי־‬,‫ חָצִיר‬carvansas {. ‫חוֹמְעָה‬
‫ בְּרִישִׁין‬common peas ‫שְׁפִירִים‬
bearded leek ‫ טִיב זָקָן‬grey ‫שְׁפִירִים‬
purslain ‫חֲלַגְלונות‬ ‫שְׁחוֹרִים‬
crest -
‫רְגִילָא‬ sun flower ‫שׁוֹמְשְׁמִין‬
lettuce ‫ חֲזָרֶת‬mustard ‫חַרְדָּל‬
sallad
endive
{ ‫ חַטָא‬split peas
‫ אִינדִיבי‬a pumkin
‫גְרִיסִין‬
‫קָרָא‬
spinach ‫ סָלְקָא לָעוּגִים‬alarge pumkin ‫קָרָא אֲרוּכָה‬
beet ‫ תרדין‬green pumkin ‫קְרָא יְרוֹקָה‬
87 SCRIPTURAL PHRASES.
Continued .
flax
‫ פּשְׁתָּן‬poppies ‫פְּרָגִין‬
tow
‫ נְעוּרָת‬asparagus ‫אַסְפַּרְגוס‬
linseed
‫ זֶרַע פְּשְׁתָּן‬sprew ‫ הַרְבּוּזִין‬,‫יִרְבוּז‬
evergreen
‫ סוּמָק‬fennel ‫ תִּלְתָּן‬,‫רוּנְיָא‬
green nob millet ַ‫מלוּח‬
butterflower
‫ יָרָוֹק‬pennyroyal ‫סִיאָה‬
dandelion
‫ רַעֲנָן‬aniseed ‫שֶׁבֶת‬
daisies
‫ צְמָחִים‬rosemary ‫חֲלָף‬
raspberries ‫ בְּאָשִׁים‬care way ‫דִּנְדָּנָא‬
callabash
‫ קרנָה‬celery ‫כַּרְפַּס‬
cummin
‫ כַּמון‬parsley ‫בִּיטָרוֹסִילינון‬
garlick ‫ שׁוּמים‬laurel ‫בַּפְנֵי‬
asafoetida
‫ חִילְתִּית‬potatoe ‫תַּפּוּחַ אֲדָמָה‬
opium ‫ אַפִיון‬potatoes ‫תַּפּוּחֵי אֲדָמָה‬
camphor ‫ בְּפָרִים‬wild potatoes ‫בְּמַחִים‬
nutmeg ‫ אגוז מוֹרִי‬yams ‫פָּעפּוּעים‬
spring water ‫ מַיִם חַיִים‬mushrooms ‫פַּטְרִיות‬
a well
‫ בור‬fitches
mouth of the
‫קֶצַח‬
well ‫ פִּי הַבְּאֵר‬artichokes ‫עֶכְבִּיות‬
walks
‫ הֲלִיכות‬spikenard ְ‫נִרְך‬
paths ‫ אורחות‬coriander seed ‫ בּוּסְבַּרְתָּא‬,‫גֶד‬
vineyard road
‫ דֶּרֶךְ כְּרָמִים‬juniper berry ‫רַתְמָא‬
poisonous
weeds ‫ תַּרְעֲלָה‬hemp ‫קַנְבּוּס‬
stripper ‫ מזרֶד‬reed ‫אגמון‬
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES..
: ‫החכימו הכמי קדם למשול בהם כפי עניכם‬

Scriptural Phrases and Idioms Alphabetically Arranged.
‫א‬
I will teach you wisdom
‫אַאֲלֶפְךְ חָכְמָה‬
I have built for myself a spa
cious house
‫אֶבְנֶה לי בית מדות‬
O my father ! you are the guide
of my youth ‫ אַלוּף נַעֲרֵי אָתָּה‬:‫אָבִי‬
I looked , butthere was no help ‫אַבֵּט וְאֵין עוֹזֵר‬
I should wish to know how he
will answer me
‫אַרְעָה מִלִים יֵענני‬
I will speak , that he Imay release 4
‫אדַבְּרָה וַיִרְוַח לִי‬
me
I will be your chief, or captain ׁ‫אֶהְיֶה לָכֶם לְראש‬
I am to them a bye word ‫אֲהִי לָהֶם לְמַלָּה‬
I will direct you the way you
ought to go
ְ‫אוֹרְךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ זוּ תֵלֵך‬
God's assis
I will teach you with ‫אוֹרֶה אֶתְכֶם בְּיַד אֵל‬
tance
I am attentive to your argu ‫אָזִין עד־תְּבוּנוֹתֵיכֶם‬
ments
Gird up your loins like a man
ְ‫אֵר נָא כְגֶבֶר חֲלָצִיך‬
She is my sister ‫אֲחוֹתִי הִיא‬
My friends, from whence came ? ‫אַחַי מֵאַיִן אַתֶּם‬
ye
After these things ‫אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה‬
I will tell you a riddle
‫אָחוּדָה לָכֶם חִידָה‬
I will shew y' my opinion ‫אַחֲנֶה דֶעי‬
Where did you glean to day ? ? ‫אֵיפָה לְקַטְתְּ הַיום‬
What countryman are you? ? ‫אֵי־מִזֶּה עם־אָתָּה‬
Can I excuse you for this! ? ְ‫אֵי לָזאת אֶסְלֹחַ לָך‬

Which is the best road I
can take ? ? ‫אִי דֶּרֶךְ הַטוֹב וְאֵלְכָה‬
Where is the secretary ? ? ‫אַיֶה ספּר‬
Where is the scrivener ?
? ‫אַיָה שׁקֶל‬
How say ye, we are wise ? ? ּ‫אֵיכָה תאמְרוּ חֲכָמִים אֲנַחְנו‬
I will give you advice, ְ‫אִשֶׁעצְךְ וִיהִי אֱלֹהִים עִמָּך‬
and God be with you
Every one his share ֹ‫אִישׁ כְּפִי אָכְלו‬
I have no desire to shew
my opinion
‫אִירָא מְחַוֹת דְּעֵי אֶתְכֶם‬
Surely they are poor ‫אַךְ דִלִים הֵם‬
He boarded with him
ֹ‫אָכַל אֶת לַחֲמו‬
I will meal by myself ‫אָכַל פְּתִי לְבַדִּי‬
My hand shall not be heavy ‫אַכְפִי שֶׁעלֶיךְ לֹא יִכְבָּד‬
upon you
Pray pass not by thy ser ְ‫אַל נָא תָעבוד מעל עַבְדָּך‬
vant
Pray let there be no strif
between us ְ‫אל נָא תְהִי מְרִיבָח בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶיך‬
Pray do not conceal it from ‫נָא תְכַחֵד מִמֶּנִּי‬
me
* * * * * * * * * * *
Be not angry sir

‫אַל יְהר בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹני‬
Urge me not to leave you ְ‫אַל תִּפְגְּעי בִי לְעָזְבֵך‬
Do not glean in another
field
‫אַל תַּלְכִי לִלְקוט בַּשָּׂדֶה אַחֵר‬
Do not visit them ‫אַל תָּבוֹא אֲלֵיהֶם‬
Do not go into the country ‫תֵּצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה‬
Fear not
‫תִּירָא‬
Remove not far from us
ּ‫אַל תִּרְחַק מִמֶנו‬
Let not the wealthy boast
of their riches ּ‫אַל יִתְהַלָּל עָשִׁיר בְּעָשְׁרו‬
Do not forget us
ּ‫אַל תִּשְׁכָּחֵנו‬
Men ought not to be late
tered ‫אַל אָדָם לֹא אֲכַנָּה‬
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES . 90
May God shew you kind .

ness
‫ שָׁרִי יִתֵּן לָכֶם רַחֲמִים‬-‫אל‬
Iwill go tothe nobles,and ‫ וַאֲדַבְּרָה אוֹתָם‬, ‫אֵלְכָה לִי הַגְדֹלִים‬
I will take a walk into the
country
‫ נָא הַשָׂרָה‬-‫אֵלְכָה‬
He will not speak the truth ‫אֶמֶת לֹא יְדַבֵּר‬
If you will do this thing ‫אִם תַּעֲשֶׂה לִי הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה‬
for me
If you are favourable to me ‫אִם נָאמָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֵיכֶם‬
If I were hungry would I
not tell you ?
? ‫אִם אֶרְעַב לֹא אֹמַר‬
Did I reject the justice of ? ‫אם אֶמְאַס מִשְׁפַּט עַבְדֵי‬
my servant ?
Did Ioppose the pleasure
of the poor ?
? ‫אָם אֶמְגַע מַחֵפֶץ דִּלים‬
Answer me if you can ‫אִם תּוּכַל הַשִׁיבֵנִי‬
If you have any thing to ‫אָם יִשׁ מָלִין הַשִׁיבֵנִי‬
>
say, tell me.

If ye be willing and obe ‫אם תאבוּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּם‬
dient
I am certain , or I know ‫אֲנִי יָדַעְתִּי‬
I am not certain ‫אָנכִי לֹא יָדַעְתִּי‬
I will pay you your wages ְ‫אֲנִי אֶתֵּן אֶת שְׂכָרֵך‬
I thought to advertize you ְ‫אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי אֶנְלֶה אָזְנֶיך‬
Whither am I going ? ? ‫אָנָה אֲנִי בָא‬
Whither shall I ascend ?
? ‫אָנָה גֶעלֶה‬
I will not forget you ְ‫אָנֹכִי לֹא אֶשְׁכָּחֵך‬
I will pardon him ‫אֶסְלַח לו‬
I will tell you now ְ‫אֲסַפְּרָה נָא לָך‬
I will lay the cause be
fore him
‫אֶעֶרְכָה לְפָנָיו מִשְׁפָּט‬
I gave warning that they ּ‫אָעִידָה וְשְׁמָעו‬
might attend
I will hide myself from
you
‫אֶעלים עֵינַי מִכֶם‬
I will take a morsel of
bread
‫אָקְחָה פַת לֶחֶם‬
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES .
91
I saw in a dream ‫אֶרְאֶה בַּחֲלום‬
I will see what can be done ‫אֶרְאֶה מַה לֶעשות‬
Did I ever see the poor perish
for want of clothing ?
?ׁ‫אֶרְאֶה אֹבֵד מִבְּלִי לְבוּש‬
She his my wife ‫אִשְׁתִּי הִיא‬
Let me place before you a mor
sel of bread , and eat
‫אָשִׂימָה לְפָנִיךְ פַּת לֶחֶם וְאֶכול‬
I will bid adieu to my parents ‫אִשׁקָה־נָא לְאָבִי וּלְאִמִּי‬
Happy indeed will you be ְ‫אַשְׁרֵךְ וְטוֹב לָך‬
I applied to you , but received
no answer
‫אֲשַׁע אֵלֶיךְ וְלֹא תֵענני‬
Did I rejoice because of my
wealth ?
? ‫אֶשְׂמַח כִּי רַב חֵילִי‬
I will ask you, but make it
known to me
‫אֶשְׁאַלְךְ וְהוֹדִיעִינִי‬
Thou art our father ּ‫אַתָּה אָבִינו‬
When I reflect, I am afraid of ּ‫אֶתְבּוֹנֵן וְאֶפְחָד מִמֶּנו‬
him
ye havetrusted to falsereports ‫אַתֶּם בֹּטְחִים לָכֶםדְבְרֵיהַשָּׁקֶר‬

Y
To whom have ye told it ? ‫אֶת־מִי הִגַּדְתָּ מִלִין‬

You are my protector ‫אַתָּה סֵתֶר לי‬
‫ב‬
They came from a distant coun
try ‫בָּאִים מֵאָרֶץ מְרְחָק‬
He multiplied words without
meaning
‫בִּבְלִי דֶעת מְלִין יַכְבִּיר‬
He certainly deceived me ‫בָּמֹד בֶּגֶד בִּי‬
I sit down by myself 1
‫בָּדָד יָשַׁבְתִּי‬
The stranger did not lodge in
the street
‫בַּחוּץ לֹא יָלִין גֶר‬
By the hand of my servant ‫בְּיַד עַבְדִי‬
Be joyful in a good day ‫בְּיוֹם טוֹבָה הֲיֵה בְּטוב‬
Consider the day of adversity ‫בְּיוֹם רָעָה רְאֵה‬
Consider now this ‫בינוּ נָא זאת‬
By force have I done this thing ‫בְּבּחַ יְהִי עָשִׂיתִי אותו‬

She shall not be moved
‫בל תמוט יֶעַזְרֶה‬
My son attend to me ‫בְּנִי שְׁמַע בְּקוֹלִי‬
He had built his house ‫בָּנָה בֵּיתו‬
You opposed me with all your ‫בְּעֹצֶם יָדִךְ תִּשְׁטְמֵנִי‬
might
When I went abroad in the city
Wisdom is a defence, so is
‫בְּיָאתִי שֶׁערְעלי קְרֶת‬
money
‫ בְּצֵל הַכָּסֶף‬, ‫בְּצֵל הַחָכְמָה‬
Blessed are ye of the Lord ‫בְּרוּכִים אַתֶּם לַיי‬
With much force he strove with
me
‫ כֹּה יָרִיב עִמָּדִי‬-‫בְּרָב‬
By wa:hing my steps with water ‫בְּרְחוֹץ חֲלִיכִי בְמַיִס‬
When I prepared my dwelling ‫בִּרְחוֹב אָכִין מוֹשָׁבִי‬
in the street
In anger remember mercy ‫בְּרֹגֶז רַחֵם תִּזְכּור‬
They reap every one his corn
in the field ‫בַּשָּׂדֶה בְּלִי לוֹ יִקְצורו‬
The visionaries are ashamed
‫בושן החוזים‬
‫ג‬
Dwell in this
will assi
country , and I .ְ‫וְאֶהְיֶה עִמָּך‬, ‫גוּר בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת‬
st you
Cut off your hair, and throw it ‫גְזֵי נִזְרֵךְ וְהַשְׁלִיכי‬
away
I also am not well to-day ‫גַּם הַיוֹם מְרֵי שְׂחִי‬
Are you as weak as us ? ?
Neither of us would have no
? ‫גַּם אַתָּה חָלִיתָ כָּמונו‬
ticed it ‫גַּם־לִי גַם־לָךְ לֹא יִהְיֶה‬
Thou hast neither heard , nor
Thenoticed it
ָּ‫גַּם לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ גַם לֹא יָדַעְת‬
I am a stranger in the country
‫בֶּר אָנֹכִי בָאָרֶץ‬
Approach and fall upon him
ֹ‫בְּשׁ פְּגַע בּו‬
Draw near and kiss me
‫שָׁה־נָא וּשְׁקָה לי‬:
93
‫ד‬
Speak , for your servant heareth ְ‫עבְדָּך‬- ַ‫דִּבֶּר כִּי שֹׁמֵע‬
Speak, for I wish do do you. ָ‫דִּבֶּר כִּי חָפַצְתִּי צִדְקֶך‬
justice
Let us, ifyou please, commune
in the Hebrew language
‫דִּבֶּר־נָאצְעֲבָדֶיךְ בְּלָשׁוןעבְרִי‬
They have spoken ofmewith a ‫דִּבְּרוּ אִתִּי לְשׁון שָׁקֶר‬
lying tongue
I have spoken , but you did not
hear
‫דִּבַּרְתִּי וְלֹא שְׁמַעְתָּם‬
He does not account for his words ‫דְּבָרָיו לֹא יֶענְה‬
I open my doors to the traveller ‫דְלָתַי לָארַח אֶפְתָּח‬
Discern, and see that it is wrong ‫דְעי וּרְאִי כִּי רָע הוּא‬
Seek justice ‫דִּרְשׁוּ מִשְׁפָּט‬
I have kept his way ‫דַּרְבּוּ שָׁמַרְתִּי‬
The way I sent him has suc
ceeded
ַ‫דָּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר שְׁלַחְתִּיו הִצְלִיח‬
‫ה‬
Did you indeed speak that ?‫הַאָמְנָם אֵלָם צְדֶק תְּדַבְּרוּן‬

which was correct ?
See what they are about? ? ‫הָאִינְךְ רֹאֶה מָה הֵמָּה עשִׂים‬
Have you observed the old cus. ? ‫הַאֹרַח עוֹלָם תִּשְׁמור‬
tom ?
Do they not fear me ? ? ּ‫הָאוֹתִי לֹא תִירָאו‬
Attend, and listen to my voice ‫הַאֲזִינוּ וְשִׁמְעוּ קולי‬
Pray look around ‫הַבִּיטָה נָא וּרְאֵה‬
I pray you tell me ‫הַגֶנדָא לִי‬
Tell me your name ? ְ‫ נָּא שְׁמֶך‬-‫הַגִידָה‬
Make known to me what I shall ‫הוֹדִיעֵנִי מָה אֶעֶשֶׂה‬
do
Bring out your son ְ‫הוצא אֶת בְּנָך‬
'That is my name ‫הוא שְׁמִי‬
He shall come and assist you

‫הוּא יָבוא וִישַׁעֲכֶם‬
Save us from his power
ֹ‫הוֹשִׁיעֵינוּ מִיָּדו‬
When I begin, I will finish ‫הָחֵל וְכַלָּה‬
Silence , and I will speak
‫הַחֲרֵשׁ וְאָנֹכִי אֲדַבֵּר‬
Do you think it is justifiable ?
? ‫הַזֹּאת חָישַׁבְתָּ לְמִשְׁפָּט‬
I have been quiet some time ‫הָחֶשִׁיתִ מֵעוֹלָם‬
He flatters himself
‫הָחֲלִיק אֵלָׁיו בְּעֵינָיו‬
Be a man ‫הָיָה לְאִיש‬
Be to me a servant
‫הָיָה לִי לְעֶבֶד‬
Amend your manners
‫היטיבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶם‬
Nurse this child for me
‫הֵינִיקֵי לִי הַיֶלֶד הַזֶּה‬
Do you know Mr. A
? ‫ פלוני‬- ‫הֵידְעתָּם אֲדֹנִי‬
Shall I not seek rest for you o
Am I not good to thee ?
? ַ‫הֲלֹא אֲבַקְשׁ לָךְ מָנוֹח‬
? ְ‫הֲלֹא אָנֹכִי טוֹב לָך‬
Do you not know ? ? ָּ‫הֲלֹא יָדָעת‬
Have you not heard ?
? ָּ‫הֲלֹא שָׁמַעְת‬
Does he not observe my ways ?
? ‫הֲלֹא הוּא יִרְאָה דְרָכַי‬
Is it not yet a little while ?
? ‫הֲלֹא־עוד מְעַט‬
Have you not brought it on
yourself ?
Behold now I am old
ְ‫הלא זאת תַּעֲשֶׂה לָך‬
‫הִנֵּה־נָא זָקַנְתִּי‬
I have not began to speak
‫הִנֵּה־נָא הוֹאַלְתִּי לְדַבֵּר‬
Behold , it is written before me
‫הִנֵּה כְתוּבָה לְפָנָי‬
Behold , we are relations
ּ‫הִנֵּנוּ עצְמָךְ וּבְשָׂרִךְ אֲנַחְנו‬
Behold , you are fair my love
‫הִנָּךְ יָפָה רֵעיָתִי‬
Hash !
! ‫הס‬
95
May I not visit yon ?

? ְ‫הֲעל לֹא אֶפְקוֹד לָך‬
I have charged the watch ‫הִצְקַדְתִּי שׁוֹמְרִים‬
Oh save me ! ‫הצילֵנִי נָא‬
Assemble all of ye, and hear ּ‫הַקָבְצוּ כָלְכֶס וּשְׁמָעו‬
Listen, and attend to my speech ‫הַקְשִׁיבוּ וְשִׁמְעוּ אִמְרָתִי‬
I listened , and I heard, but
ּ‫הַקְשַׁבְתִּי וָאֶשְׁמַעלֹא כֵן יְדַבְּרו‬
He has thrown me into the dirt ‫הרֵנִי לַחמָר‬
Are you well ?
? ְ‫הֲשָׁלוֹם לָך‬
Take heed, and be quiet, and
fear not ‫הִשָּׁמֶר וְהַשְׁקֵט אַל תִּירָא‬
Throw him into the pit ‫הַשְׁלִיכֵהוּ בַּבּוֹר הַזֶּה‬
The song you shall have ‫הַשִׁיר יִהְיֶה לָכֶם‬
Gather yourselves together ּ‫הִתְקוֹשְׁשׁוּ וָקוֹשׁו‬
Then will I be with you ְ‫וְאֶהְיֶה עִמָּך‬

As such I told you long ago ‫וְאַגִּיד לָךְ מֵאָז‬
Therefore have I called you ְ‫וָאֶקְרָאֶה לִך‬
Therefore have I seen you ְ‫וָאֵרָאֶה לִך‬
That I might dwell there ‫וָאֵשְׁבָה שָׁם‬
And it came to pass in the ‫וַיְהִי בַּבּוֹקֶר‬
morning
And he was pleased ‫וַיְהִי טוב לֶב‬
When he had done speaking ‫וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר בְּלָה לְדַבְּר‬
As he was expiring ‫וַיְהִי בְצֵאת נַפְשׁו‬
And there was a constant rain ‫וַיְהִי גֶשֶׁם וּמָטָר‬
When they were on the road ְ‫וַיְהִי בִּהְיוֹתָם בַּדֶּרֶך‬
When they arrived at the place ‫וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־הַמָּקום‬
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES. 96
And the boys grew up
‫וַיִּגְדְלוּ הַנְעָרִים‬
And he lodged there
And he went his way
‫ילן שָׁם‬
He also trod in the steps of his
ֹ‫וַיֵּלֶךְ לְדַרְכּו‬
father ‫וַיֵּלֶךְ בְּדַרְכֵי־אָבִיו‬
And he went forth to meet him ‫וַיֵּלֶךְ לִקְרָאתו‬
And he departed in peace ‫וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּשָׁלום‬
And they both walked together ‫וְיֵלֵכוּשְׁנֵיהֶם יַחְדָיו‬
And they did eat, and they did
drink
ּ‫ וַיִּשְׁתּו‬,ּ‫וַיֹּאכְלו‬
So they did eat, and were well
satisfied
‫ויאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁבְּעוּ מָאוד‬
And they said one to another ‫וַיֹּאמְרוּ אִישׁ אֶל רָעהו‬
Andvisitors
he also came among the ‫וַיָּבוא גַם הוּא בְתוךְ הַבָּאִים‬
And it left off raining ‫וַיִּכָּלֵא הַגֶשֶׁם‬
And he turned here and there ‫וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה‬
And he fell upon their necks ‫ויפול על־צַוְאָרֵיהֶם‬
And he refused to send them ‫וַיְמָאֵן לְשַׁלְחֶם‬
He ran into the forest ‫וַיָּנָס בְּתוךְ הָיער‬
And he made for them a feast
‫וַיַּעַשׂ לָהֶם מִשְׁתֶּה‬
And he stood in the entrance
‫עמוד בַּפֶּתַח‬:
When he arose. they compli
mented ּ‫וַיָּקָם וַיִּשְׁתַּחו‬
And he married ‫וַיַּקַח לוֹ אִשָׁה‬
But they arose , and went away
on that night ‫וַיָּקָמוּ וַיֵּלְכוּ בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא‬
And he arose, and departed
ְ‫ וַיֵלֶך‬,‫וַיָּקָם‬
And he was vexed with them
‫וַיִּקְצֹף עֲלֵיהֶם‬
And he pursued after them ‫ניִרְדְפוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם‬
And he enquired after their ‫וישאל לָהֶם לֹשָׁלום‬
velfare
And he slept in that place ‫וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּמָּקום הַהוּא‬

And he looked up ‫יִשָּׂא אֶת־עֵינָיו‬
Then we will return to you ‫וְנָשׁוּבָה אֲלֵיכֶם‬
Now then do it
ּ‫וְעַתָּה עָשׂו‬
And there was a great cry in
the city
‫תְּהִי צְעקה גְדוֹלָה בָּעִיר‬
And his sister stood afar off
‫תִּתְיַבֵּב אַחותו מֵרָחוק‬
You are not justified in this ָּ‫זאת לא צָדַקְת‬

This we found in the road
ְ‫זאת מָצָאנוּ בַדֶּרֶך‬
Take this road ‫זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ לְכוּ בו‬
This is the day II expected him ּ‫זֶה הַיוֹם אֲשֶׁר קִנִיתִיהו‬
Thisaboutis what I spoke to you ְ‫זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתִּי אַלִיך‬
I am free from blame
‫וּ אֲנִי בְּלִי פָשַׁע‬
The wicked plotteth against the
righteous ‫מם רָשָׁע לצדִיק‬
Be strong and courageous
‫חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ‬
Be strong and fear not ‫חִזְקוּ אַל תִּירָאן‬
I have acknowledged my fault
to thee ‫חָטָאתִי אודיעך‬
I have dreamt aa dream
‫חָלַמְתִּי חַלום‬
Gadforbid
you !the :1shouldjadge ‫חָלִילָה לִי אָם אַצְדִיק אֶתְכֶם‬
Pray be not angry
ְ‫חָפֵץ עֶבְרוֹת אַפִּיך‬
I am innocent
‫מף אָנֹכִי‬
Cease to be angry, and be not ‫חֶרֶף מֵאַף וַעֲוֹב חֵמָה‬
in a passion
They held their tongue, and ‫הָרִישׁוּ וְלֹא עָנוּ אותו‬
did not answer him
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES , 98
Better is the end of a thing , ‫טוב אַחֲרִית דָבָר מֵרֵאשִׁיתו‬

than the beginning
You have spoken well ָּ‫טוב דִבַּרְת‬
Gravity is better than laughter
‫טוֹב כַּעס מִשְׂחוק‬
I prefer friendship to wine ‫טוב לִידוֹדֶיךְ מִיָּן‬
A good name istbetter than pre
cious ointmen ‫ מִשְׁמֶן טוב‬, ‫טוב שֵׁם‬
Wisdom is good with an inhe
ritance ‫טוֹבָה חָכְמָה עָם נַחֲלָה‬
They shall eat bread of adver
sity & drink water of oppression ‫ וּמַיִם לָחַין‬,‫יאכְלוּ לָהֶם עַר‬
May the Lord bless and pre
serve thee ְ‫יְבָרֶכְךָ יְיָ וְיִשְׁמְרֶך‬
‫ז‬:
Let him approach me ‫יִגַּשׁ אֵלָי‬

I will not lay my hand upon
him ‫יָדִי אַל תִּהְיֶה בו‬
Your hands were not tied
‫יָדֶיךְ לֹא־אֲסֶרות‬
We know hiin
‫יָדַעֲנוּ אותו‬
Are you positive you will ac
? ‫יָדַע תֵּדַע כִּי אִתִּי תֵּצֵא‬
- knowtie
ceiv Y
e you o
man cameto ‫יָרֵעתָּ אֶת־הָאִישׁ לְפַתִּתְךְ בָּא‬
de u
May God be with you
ְ‫יְהִי אֱלֹהִים עִמָּך‬
May the Lord God be with us
ּ‫יְהִי יְיָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ עמָּנו‬
May the Lord bless his people ֹ‫יְבָרֵךְ אֶת־עַמו‬ ‫ז‬:
May the Lord be with you

‫יְיָ עִמָּכֶם‬ ‫ז‬:
We have drank of his wine

ּ‫יִינוּ שָׁתִינו‬
Let him make haste, and finish ּ‫יְמַהֵר יָחִישָׁה מֵעֲשֶׂהו‬
his work
May the Lord shew you kind ‫יַעֲשׂ יָעמָּכֶם חֶסֶד‬
ness
He shall make it up with me ‫יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלום לי‬

Because you have rejected this ‫יען מָאָסְכֶם בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה‬
command
Let him answer it
‫ענֶנָה‬:
They flattered him with their ‫יְפַתּוּהוּ בְּפִיהֶם‬

mouths 5
I went forth to meet you ְ‫יָצָאתִי לִקְרָאתִיך‬
Let now a little water be fetched ‫וְקַח נָא מְעַט מַיִם‬
I was panic-struck ‫יִרְאָה וָרַעד יָבא־בִי‬
God is greater than man ׁ‫יִרְבֶּה אֶלוּה מֵאֱנוֹש‬
They made mouths at me ‫יַרְחִיבוּ עָלַי פִיהֶם‬
Remain with him for aa time
‫יָשַׁבְתָּ עָמוֹ יָמִים אֲחָדִים‬
havedrecompensed meevil ‫יָשִׂימוּ עֲלֵי רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה‬
Theyfor goo
The Lord will repay you ְ‫שַׁלֵּם יְיָ פָּעלֵך‬
He has completedmy order ‫יְשַׁלֵּם חֲקִי‬
There is hope for me ‫ש לִי תִקְוָה‬
I have sufficient ‫יש לי רָב‬
May Godgrantyou consolation ‫יְיָ לָכֶם וּמְצֶאנָה מְנוּחָה‬ ‫ןֵּתִי‬
As we heard so we have seen ּ‫כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ בֵּן רָאִינו‬

Have I eaten without paying for
it ?
? ‫כֹּחָה אָבִלְתִּי בְלִי כָסֶף‬
Surely we will return with you ‫כִּי אִתָּךְ נָשׁוּב‬
For it pleases me ( or, for I like ָ‫כִּי אִוִיתִיה‬
it )
For I fear the multitude. ; '.
: 1 ‫כִּי אֵערוץ הָמון‬
Although you are angry with
me, what can I say ?
? ‫כִּי אָנַפְתָּ בִּי מָה אֲדַבֵּר‬
For I am ready to halt
1 ‫כִּי אֲנִי לְצֶלַע נָכון‬
But he refused to turn aside ‫כִּי יְמָאֵן לָסוּר‬
For the Lord is with you
ְ‫כִּי יָעמָּך‬
For he knows my way
‫בִּי יוֹדָע דֶרֶךְ עִמָּדִי‬
SCRIFTURAL PHRASES . 100
Although I know you will be

the death of me ‫כִּי יָדַעְתִּי מָוֶת תְּשִׁיבֵנִי‬
Yea, this is an heinous offence
‫כִּי הוּא זַמָּה‬
For they did not speak well ּ‫כי לא שָׁלוֹם יְדַבְּרו‬
For I am full of matter
‫כִּי מָלִיתִי מִלִים‬
For you have rejected mo
‫כִּי מָאַסְתָּ אוֹתִי‬
For you did call me
For he sent him away, and he
‫בִּיקָרָאתָ לִי‬
1. departed in peace ‫בִּי שִׁלְחוּ וַיֵלֶךְ בַּשָׁלום‬
For ye have chosen me ‫כִּי תִבְחַר אוֹתִי‬
All that you shall tell me I will
do . ‫כל אֲשֶׁר תּאמְרִי אֶעֱשֶׂה‬
I have been used to the com . ‫כָּל יָמֵי גָדַלְתִּי בֵּין הַחֲכָמִים‬
pany of the sages
Go, and do what you please
‫פלאֲשֶׁר בְּלִבְבֵיךְ לִךְ עֲשָׂה‬
* Allday and all night ‫ וְכָל הַלַּיְלָה‬,‫כָּל הַיוֹם‬
Pay attention to all my words ‫כָּל דְבָרִי הַאֲזִינָה‬
All this is of no avail to me
A cage full of bird ,

‫כָּל זֶה אַנְנוּ שָׁוֶה לִי‬
‫בְּלוּב מָלֵא עוף‬
- What is your age ? (or, how old
are you ?) ? ְ‫בַּמָּה יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיִּך‬
Like a gentleman I will draw :
r
nea him ּ‫כְּמוֹ נָגִיד אֲקָרְבָנו‬
Thus will I bless you, whilst !
I live ‫כן אֲבָרֶכְךָ בְּחַיָי‬
* Your hands are stained with
blood ‫כַּפַּיִכֶם נְגאַלוּ בַדָּם‬
* As a friend, as a brother, I
have acted ‫בְּרַע בְּאָח לִי הִתְהָלַכְתִּי‬
Cut down the trees
‫בְּרְתוּ הָעֵצִים‬
* As in former year
‫כְּשָׁנִים קַדְמוֹנִיות‬
Like the hero Sampson ‫בְּשִׁמְשׁון גִבּוֹר חַל‬
1
: 1.
10
‫ל‬
You shall not get married ‫לֹא תְקַח אִשָׁה‬
You shall not give me any
thing
‫לֹא תִתֵּן לִי מְאוּמָה‬
No one will perceive me ‫לא תְשׁוּרַנִי עָיִן‬
I will not be angry with them ‫לא תְחַד אִתָּם‬
They will not rejoice any mure ‫לא תאסיפו עוד לעלוז‬
Do not associate with them
‫לא שָׁוֶה לי‬
My words are not false (or I
*
speak the truth) ‫לֹא שֶׁקֶר מִלָּי‬
, Thy kindness never ceases ְ‫לא תָמוּ חֲסָדִיך‬
I did never see the like
‫לֹא רָאִיתִי בָּהֵנָה‬
I did not call you
ְ‫לא קָרָאתִי לִך‬
None arose like him
ּ‫לא קָם כָּמֹהו‬
You did not allow me to embrace
my family
‫לֹא נְטַשְׁתַּנִי לְנַשֶׁק לְבָנֵי‬
‫ולבְנֹתַי‬
He was not satisfied ‫לֹא נִשְׁבַּע‬
We do not know him : ; ‫לא נדע לו‬
I could not bear him on my
shoulder
ּ‫לא על שְׁבְּמִי אֶשָׂאָנו‬
He will neither do good or .ii ‫לא יֵיטִיב וְלֹא יָרֵע‬
harm
I cannot read (or, I am not ‫לא יָדַעְתִּי סֵפֶר‬
learned
They do not know the way ְ‫לא יָדְעוּ דֶרֶך‬
He has no delight in it :ּ‫לֹא יָתְפִיץ בָּה‬
He will not be remembered ‫לא יִנָּבֵר‬
Herightcouldor leftneither turn to the ‫איכול לִנְטוֹת יָמִין וּשְׂמֹאל‬
They shall not build ‫לא יבנו‬
They shall not plant ‫לא יטעו‬
They did not know what it was

‫לֹא יָדְעוּ מַה־הוּא‬
good totolove
is not, and
It enemies your, ָ‫לא טוב לְאַהֲבָה אֶת שׂנְאֶיך‬
hate your
friends
ְ‫וּלְשׂנָא אֶת אֹהֲבִיך‬
This thing is not good
‫לא טוב הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה‬
He is not able to deliver you ‫לא יוּכַל לְהַצִּיל אֶתְכֶם‬
I did not stir out of doors
‫לא אצא פָתַח‬
I will not offend again
Not I {
‫לֹא אֶחְבּוֹל‬
‫לֹא אָנִי‬
Iamno longer itfor anything ‫לֹא אוּכַל עוד לָצֵאת וְלָבוֹא‬
I shall not rest till I am paid ‫לא אֶחֱשֶׁה כִּי אִם שְׁלַמְתִּי‬
I shall not die
‫לא אָמוּת‬
I have not wilfully done this ‫לֹא בְמֶרֶד עָשִׂיתִי זאת‬
According to what I shall
command you ְ‫לַאֲשֶׁר אֲנִ מְצַיֶה אוֹתָך‬
Be not faint-hearted
ְ‫לְבָבְךָ אַל יֶרֶך‬
Would you had obeyed my ‫לוּא הִקְשַׁבְתָּ לְמִצְוֹתָי‬
orders
We will not come again to you ְ‫לוא נָבוא עוד אֵלֶיך‬
It is not he
‫לוא הוא‬
Had not the Lord been with us ּ‫לולא שֶׁהָיָה לָנו‬
‫ז‬:
Leave me
‫לֵךְ מֶעלְי‬
Getout ofmysight (or, begone)
‫לךְ מִפָּנָי‬
Go and tell
* Go and fetch it to me
ָּ‫לֵךְ וְאָמַרְת‬
Go now, and inquire after the
‫לֵךְ קַח לי‬
welfare of your brothers ְ‫לְכוּנָא וּרְאֵה אֶת שְׁלוּם אֲחֵיך‬
Go in peace ‫לכִי לְשָׁלום או לךְ לֹשָׁלום‬
Go my daughter ‫לְכִי בְּתִּי‬
Come my friend let us go into

the field ‫וְכָה דודי נצא הַשָּׂדֶה‬
Go if you please to my place ‫לכוּ־נָא אֶל מְקוֹמִי‬
Come and let us ascend the hill
‫לְכוּ וְנַעֲלֶה אֶל הָהָר‬
Come let us sing ‫לכוּ גְרַנְנָה‬
Surely youought to know wha* ‫לָכֵן אַתָּה תֵדַעאַת אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה‬
your servant can do
ָ‫עבְדְּך‬
Surely they have sworn falsely ּ‫לָכֵן לֹשֶׁקֶר יִשָּׁבְעו‬
Why didst thou flee away ?
secretly
?ַ‫לָמָּה הֶחְבִּיתָ לִבְרֹח‬
Why have you left the man ? ? ׁ‫לָמָּה עֲזַבְתֵּן אֶת הָאִיש‬
Why do we fast ? ? ּ‫לָמָּה צִמְנו‬
Why do you stand in the street ? ‫לָמָּה תַעֲמוד בַּחוּץ‬
Why do you cry ? ‫לָמָּה תִּצְעַקף‬
Why will you go with me ? ? ‫לָמָּה תֵּלֶךְ עַמִּי‬
Why do you weep ? ?‫לָמָּה תִבְנִי‬
Why do you eat ? ? ‫לָמָּה תאכל‬
Why have you deceived me ! ? ‫לָמָּה רְמֵיתָנִי‬
Why have yon displeased me ‫לָמָּה הִרְנַזְתַּנִין‬
Why do you ask me ? ‫לָמָּה תִּשְׁאָלֶנִי‬
Vhy did you send him this ? ? ‫לָמָּה זֶה שְׁלַחְתּן‬
Why did you complain to me ? ‫לָמָּה תָרִיבוּ אֵלָי‬
Why did you grieve ? ? ְ‫לְמַעַן יֵרַע לְבָבֵך‬
That they mightsee and know ּ‫לְמַעַן יִרְאוּ וְיֵדְעו‬
That it might be well with you ‫לְמַעַן יִיטַב לָכֶם‬
Learn to do well ‫למרן הטיב‬
From small to great }{ , . ‫ג‬ . . ‫מִקְטוֹן וְעַד גָדול‬

Whose damselis this ? 45... ‫מִי הַנַּעֲרָה הַזֹּאת‬
Let every mangather his food ‫קְטוּ מִמֶנוּ אִישׁ לְפִי אָכְלו‬
In vain I punish your children ‫שָׁוְא הִכִּיתי אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם‬
He has refused instruction ‫מָאֵן קַחַת מוּסָר‬

They have refused to return ‫מָאֲנוּ לָשׁוּב‬
Whence camethey to you ? ?ָ‫מֵאַיִן בָּאוּ אֵלֶיך‬
From whence do you come ? ? ‫מֵאַיִן תָּבוא‬
He had nothing in his hand
ֹ‫מְאוּמָה אִין בְּיָדו‬
They came from a far country
unto me :::.‫מֵאֶרֶץ רְחוֹקָה בָּאוּ אֲלֵי‬
,
Why did I come, when no one ? ׁ‫מַדּוּעַ בָּאתִי וְאֵין אִיש‬

is here ?
Why is your coat dyed red ? 5 ? ְ‫מַוּנָע אָדוֹם לִלְבוּשֶׁך‬
Wherefore do you look so sad
to day ?
? ‫מדוע פָּנִיךְ וּוְעַפִים הַיום‬
What ails you ? ? ‫מַדְבַּע פְּנֵיכֶם רָעִים‬
Why do you quarrel with me ? : ? ‫מדוע אֵלָיו רִיבוֹתָי‬
What shall I give you ? .4
......
.15 • ?ְ‫מָה אֶתֵּןלָך‬
What did those men say (or,
what would they ?)
? ‫מָה אָמְרוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶה‬
What have they seen in your
house ?
.
tails .ii ! ? ָ‫מָה רָאוּ בְּבֵיתֶך‬
What have you seen ? 49111 0 11.1 112 . 2 ָ‫מָה רָאִית‬
What was it hetold you ? ? ְ‫מָההַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֵלַיִך‬
How went the matter ? we11 11:‫מַה הָיָה הַדָּבָר ? נניףנ נג‬
10
What have you done ? !!:!:... 917 .1 . ? ָ‫מֶה עָשִׂית‬

'What have. I done to yok olan ? ָ‫מֶה עָשִׁיתִי לְך‬
How dreadful is this placed ? ‫מַה נוֹרָא הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה‬
105 SCRIPT' KAL PHRASES .
What form is he of ? ? ‫מַה תָּאָרו‬

( what will he say to me ? ? ‫מַה יאמר לי‬
How cạn man be justified ? ? ׁ‫מַה יִצְרַק אֲנוּש‬
How have you advised , not
having wisdom ? ? ‫מַה יָעַצְתָּ לְלוֹא חָכְמָה‬
What will yon give me ? ? ‫מַה תִּתֵּן לִי‬
What shall we sayy ? ? ‫מה נאמר‬
What voice have you heard ? ? ָּ‫מה קול שָׁמָעת‬
What have you found ? ?ָ‫מה מָצָאת‬
What shall I do here ? ? ‫מָה לִי פֿה‬
How shall I save this ? ? ‫מַה יִשְׁענִי זֶה‬
What have you done unto us ? ?ּ‫מה זאת עָשִׂיתָ לָנו‬
What is your purpose hera ? ? ‫מַה לְךְפּה‬
What religion are you ? ? ְ‫מַה שָׁם רָתְך‬
What is your name ? ? ְ‫מַה שְׁמֶך‬
What did he speak ? 2 ‫מה דור‬
What did he say ? ? ‫מָה אָמַר‬
7How have you assisted, not
having the power ? • ‫מֶה עָזַרְתָּ לְלוֹא־כח‬
Go quickly up to my father ‫מַהֲרוּ וְעַלוּ אֶלאָבִי‬
What countryman are you ? ְ‫מָה אַרְצְך‬
Whạt advantage will it be to
you ? ? ְ‫מַה יִסְכָּןלָך‬
What profit shall I gain by my
fault ? ? ‫מה אעיל מֵחֲטָאתִי‬
What didhetake from thee ? ? ‫מַה מִיָּדְךָ יִאָח‬
What shall I answer thee ? ? ְ‫מָה אֲשִׁירֶך‬
What will he tell me ? { .. ...? ‫מה יְדַבֶּר לִי‬
SCRITTURAL PHRASES , 106
What will the mesengers

answer ? ? ‫מַהגֶענֶה מַלְאָכִים‬
Why do yoù rejoice in mischief? ? ‫מַה תִּתְהַלָּל בְּרָעָה‬
They have not received instruc
tion ּ‫מוּסָר לֹא לָקָחו‬
They
rain
are wet with the heary 11,11 ּ‫מִזְרֶם גֶשֶׁם יִרְטָבו‬
Tomorrow you andyour family
shall be with me . ‫מָחָר אַתָּהוּבָנִיךְ עַמִּי‬
Who shall go up ? ? ‫מִי יִעלה‬
.Who has heard the like ? { { ? ‫מִי שָׁמַע כָּזאת‬
Who has seen the like ? ? ‫מִי רָאָה כָּאֵלֶּה‬
Who told you ? ? ְ‫מִי הָגִיד לְך‬
Who will dispute with me ? (
? ‫מִי יָרִיב אִתִּי‬
Who ! where is$ my accuser ?
? ‫מִי בַּעַל מִשְׁפָּטִי‬
Who will condemn me ?
? ‫מִי הוּא יַרְשִׁיעֵנִי‬
Who has done this ?
? ‫מִי עָשָׂה הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה‬
Who required this from you ?
? ‫מִי בְקֵשׁ זאת מִיָּדְכֶם‬
Why did you hearken unto me ? ? ‫מִי יִתֵּן תִּשְׁמַע אֵלַי‬
Who are you ?
?‫מִי אַתָּה ? מִי אָתָּה‬
Whom shall I bring up before
you ?.
P
ְ‫מִי שֶׁעלֶה לְפָנִיך‬
Who knows where I can find
him ? ? ‫מִי יִתֵּן יָדַעְתִּי וְאֶמְצָאהן‬
Who can turn him ?
? ‫מִי יְשִׁיבֶנו‬
How would he make his escape ?
? ‫מִי בָּרוֹחַ יִבְרַח‬
What man is like a king ? ? ְ‫מִי גֶבֶר בְּמֶלֶך‬
( Do you know what to speak ? 8. ? ְ‫מִי יָדַעְתָּ הַבְּך‬
Who knows the meaning of • ? ‫מִי יודע אֲשֶׁר דָּבָר הַזֶּה‬
this word ?
Who shall I send ; or who will
go for us ? ? ּ‫מִי אָשְׁלַח ? וּמִי יֵלֶךְ לָנו‬
107
Who will annul it ? ? ‫מִי יָפֶר אותו‬
Who among ye, will attend to ? ‫מִי בָכֶם יַאֲזִין זאת‬
this ?
Who is the wise man that can ‫מִי הָאִישׁ הֶחָכָם וְיָבִין אֶת־זאת‬
explain this ?
Who would not be afraid of ? ְ‫מִי לֹא יָרָאֲך‬
thee ?
They will not tremble at me ּ‫מִפְּנֵי לֹא תָחִילו‬
We are from Spain ּ‫מִסְפָּרָד אֲנַחְנו‬
We have found water ‫מָצָאנוּ מָיִם‬
I have found a ransom ‫מָצָאתִי כפר‬
We have found it in the forest ‫מְצָאנוּהָ בִּשְׂדֵי־ער‬
fields
us
I have not kept back any of his
commands
: .. ׁ‫מִצְוֹת שְׂפָתָיו וְלֹא אָמָש‬
From afar I have heard of thee
ְ‫מֵרָחוֹק שָׁמַעְתִּי שִׁמְעָך‬
You have searched or examined
all my furniture (!
‫מִשְׁשְׁתָּ אֶת כָּל כְּלֵי‬
Let justice be our choice ‫ון‬ ּ‫מִשְׁפָּט נִבְחֲרָה לָנו‬
Let us rejoice and be merry ‫נְגִילָה וְנִשְׂמְחָה‬
We grope about like blind ‫נְגִשְׁשָׁה כעוְרִים‬
We'may know between us what ‫נִדְעה בְיָנֵינוּ מַה טוב‬
is good .
I am undone ‫נִדְמָתִי‬
There is no hope ‫נואָשׁ לוא‬
The bellows are burnt ַ‫נָחַר מַפַּח‬
‫** ני‬
Hold out your hand ָ‫נְטה אֶת יָדְך‬ 1
They
havehave of the fruit ,and e ‫נִטְעוּ גִבּוֹת וְאָכְלוּ אֶת פִּרְיון‬
plantedgardeni
eaten
I have left mine inheritance ‫נָטַשְׁתִּי אֶת נַחֲלָתִי‬
Break up your fallow ground ‫נירוּלָכֶם נִיר‬
I ain weary and broken down ‫נְכוּבֹתִי וְנִדְכָּתִי עַד מְאֹד‬
I am tired of carrying
‫נִלְאֵתִי נְשׂוֹא‬
We have found treason among
the people ‫נִמְצָא קֶשֶׁר בָּעָם‬
They have departed from ‫נִסְעוּ מִזֶּה‬
thence
I am in pain, and am brought ‫נַעֲרִתִי שָׁחוֹתִי עַד מְא‬
downvery low
We will go up at noon ‫געלֶה בַּנָּהָרָיִם‬
We will come forward (meet,
or, hold together) ‫נַעַמְרָה יָחַד‬
I am so troubled that I am
unable to speak ‫נִפְעַמְתִּי וְלֹא אֲדַבֵּר‬
It happened by chance ‫נִקְרָא נִקְרֵיתִי‬
We shall see
‫נִרְאֶה‬
women
bread knead dough to make ‫נָשִׁים לָשׁוֹת בְּצַק לַעֲשׂוֹת לֶחֶם‬
W
They mar my path ‫נָתְסוּ נְתִיבָתִי‬
They have closely surrounded ‫סבּוּנִי גַם־סְבָבוּנִי‬

me
They surrounded me like bees ‫סַבּוּנִי כִדְבוֹרִים‬

Turn aside from following me
Turn from me
‫סוּר לִךְ מֵאַחֲרָי‬
3
‫סוּרָה אֲדוֹנִי סוּרָה אֵלַו‬
Get out of the way
ְ‫סוּרוּ מִינֵי דָרֶך‬
Speak , justify thyself
‫סְפָר אַתָּה לְמַעַן תִּצְדֶק‬
Clear away the stone
He covereth his face with a mask
‫מַקְלוּ מֵאֶבֶן‬
(or, he conceals his face)
‫סתֶר פָּנִים יָשִׂים‬
‫ע‬
They have crossed the ferry
‫עֶבְרוּ מַעֲבְּרָה‬
He crossed the river
‫עבַר אֶת־הַנָּהָר זי‬
How long will ye refuse ? ,
‫ אָנָה מֵאַנְתְּם‬- ‫עד‬
Until when ?
?‫עד מָתַי‬
i
How long will you be dranken ?
?‫עד מָתַי תִּשְׁתַּבְּרִין‬
Whileyou are thinking what to ‫עד תַּחְקֵרוּן מִלִין‬
say E
How long shall I cry ? ‫עד אֵנָה שְׁגֶעתי‬
He who granteth peace ‫עושֶׂה שָׁלום‬
I have left my house ‫עזַבְתִּי אֶת בֵּית‬
Therefore his presence confuses
me
‫עַל כֵּן מִפָּנָיו אִבָּהֶל‬
I will be firm on my guard ‫על מִשְׁמַרְתִּי אֶעֶמדָה‬
Hoist the flag on the tower ‫על מִגְרָל שְׂאוּ נָס‬
Note it in a book ‫על סֵפֶר הִכָּה‬
For whom shall I speak ? ?‫על מִי אֲדַבְּרָה‬
For why do we sit still ? ? ‫על־מָה אֲנַחְנוּ יוֹשְׁבִים‬
Go towards London ‫עלה לָאנְדָאנָה‬
Who is the object of your mirth : ?ּ‫עַל מִי תִּתְעַנְנו‬
At whom.do you make a mouth ? ? ‫על מִי תַּרְחִיבוּ פֶה‬
I stood up, but you did not ‫ וַתִּתְבּוֹנָן בִּי‬,‫עָמַדְתִּי‬
regard me
Stand up and behave yourself ‫עֶרְכָה לְפָנַי הִתְיַאָבָה‬
Do as you say ָּ‫עֲשֶׂה כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְת‬
Do with him as you please ְ‫עָשָׂה לוֹ כַּטוב בְּעֵינִיך‬
Shew us kindness
‫עשֶׂה עמָּנוּ חֶסֶד‬
Make an agreement with me by ‫עשׂוּ אתִּי בְרָכָה‬.
a present
You have done this kindness ‫עֲשׂיתֶם הַחֶסֶד הַזֶּה‬
I have done according to thy ‫עָשִׂיתִי כִדְבָרֶיה‬
order
Now I know
‫עַתָּה יָדַעְתִּי‬
Now you have acted foolishly ּ‫עתָּה הִסְכַּלְתָּ עָשׂו‬
Now may the Lord shew you ‫עתָּה יַעַשׂ עמָּכֶם חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת‬
kindness and truth
K
Now 80 and write on the desk

ַ‫עתָּה בּוא כָּתְבָה על־לוּח‬
Now give pledges to my master ‫עַתָּה הִתערב אֶל אֲדֹנִי‬
Here will I remain

‫פה אֲשֶׁב‬
They were frightened without
cause ‫פְּחֲדוּ פַחַד לֹא הָיָה פָחַד‬
My mouth is full of arguments ‫כִּי אָמַלֶא תוֹכָחות‬
I have cleared the house
‫פָּנִיתִי הַבַּיִת‬
Lest they should declare against
us
ּ‫בֶּן יַגִּידוּ עָלֵינו‬
A man is rewarded according
to his work ‫פעל אָדָם יְשַׁלְס לו‬
Once I went a journey
ְ‫פעם אַחַת הָיִיתִי מְהַלֵּךְ בַּדֶּרֶך‬
Open your eyes and see ‫פְּקַח עינִיךְ וּרְאֵה‬
Open the gates ‫פְּתְחוּ שְׁעָרִים‬
Persuade your husband
ְ‫פָּתִּי אִישֵׁך‬
Open thine hand
ְ‫פָּתוּחַ תִּפְתַּח אֶת־רְך‬
3
Get out from thence
‫צֵא מִזֶה‬
Leave this place
‫צא מן הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה‬
Go now forth and meet him
‫צא נָא וְלִקְרָאתו‬
Righteous (or just) art thou ‫צַדִּיק אַתָּה‬
My zeal has consumed me
‫צָמְחַתְנִי קִנְאָתִי‬
Little I am , therefore are we
despised ‫צָעיר אָנֹכִי וְנִבְזֶה‬
I am young, but ye are old
‫ לְיָמִים וְאַתֶּם‬.‫צִעיר אֲנִי‬
I am very sorry (01 I am in
great trouble) ‫צר לִי מְאֹד‬
‫ ון‬1 SCRIPTURAL PHRASES .
Sou
Care and trouble have found
me
‫צַר וּמָצוּק מַצָאוּנִי‬
This place is too confined for
me ‫צַר לִי הַמָּקוֹם‬
I will hearken to reason
‫ק‬
‫קול מִלִין אֶשְׁמַע‬
The people's voice (are heard )
in the streets ‫קול הָמוֹן בַּרְחובות‬
Arise in assisting me
‫קוּמָה בְּעזְרָתִי‬
I have patiently waited for my ‫קָוֹה קִנִיתִי אֲדֹנִי‬
master
Sanctify him for the war ‫קָדְשׁוּ עָלָיו מִלְחָמָה‬
Peace was expected, but no good
came ‫ וְאֵין טוב‬,‫קָנָה לְשָׁלוֹם‬
Take thy son
ְ‫קַח אֶת בִּנְך‬
Get up, and we will go by night ‫קוּמָה וְנֶעלָה בַּלַּיְלָה‬
We trust to him ‫קוינו לו‬
Now accept my present ‫קח נָא אֶת בִּרְכָתִי‬
Call him to dinner
‫קַרְאֶן לוֹ וַיֹּאכַל לָחֶם‬
I called but none answered
‫קָרָאתִי וְאֵין עוֹנֶה‬
Draw near and listen to this ‫קַרְבוּ אֵלַי שְׁמְעוּ זאת‬
Read this if you please
‫קְרָא נָא זֶה‬
I have called you
ְ‫קְרָאתִיך‬
Produce your cause
‫קִרְבוּ רִיבְכֶם‬
I have called your name
ְ‫קָרָאתִי שִׁמְך‬
My relations stand aloof from ּ‫קְרֹבַי מֵרָחֹק עָמָדו‬
me
I have cried to you to save me ‫קְרָאתִיךְ הוֹשִׁיעני‬

‫ו‬
See it hails
‫רְאֵה יֵרֵד הַבָּרָד‬
See it rains
‫ראָה יֵרֵד הַגֶשֶׁם‬
See it snows ‫רְאֵה יֵרֵד הַשֶׁלֶג‬

Look ! all his friends abase him ּ‫רְאֵה כָל גְּאֵה הַכְנִיעהו‬
Look now ! I am dwelling in a
house of cedar
‫רְאֵה נָא אָנֹכִי יוֹשֵׁב בְּבֵית‬
‫אֲרָזִים‬
Look after the welfare of thy ְ‫רְאֵה אֶת־שְׁלום אֲחֵיך‬
brethren
See you indeed, and do you ּ‫רְאוּה רָאוּ יוְאַל תֵּדָעו‬
not perceive
Come down to me ִ‫רְדָ אֵל‬
My heart is inditing a good
matter
‫רָחַשׁ לִבִּי דָבָר טוב‬
Wash and be clean ‫רַחֲצוּ הזכו‬
Plead my cause ‫רִיבָה אֶת יְרִיבִי‬
Ask of me, and I will grant ‫שְׁאַל מִמֶנִי וְאֶתְּנָה‬

Ask your father, and he will
tell you ְ‫שְׁאַל אָבִיךְ וַבֶּרְך‬
Direct your eyes towards hea ‫שְׂאוּ מָרום עינֵיכֶם‬
ven
Sit at my right hand ‫שֶׁב לָמִינִי‬
Keep every man his place ‫שְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו‬
Sit you down here ‫שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פה‬
Return to thy native country
‫שוב אֶל אֶרֶץ אֲבוֹתֵיך‬
ְ‫וּלְמוֹלַדְתִּך‬
Return, why will you go with
? ‫שׁוּב לָמָּה תֵּלֶךְ עַמִּי‬
me : ? ‫שׁוּב לָמָה תַּלְכִי עִמִּי‬
Return after your sister - in -law ְ‫שׁוּבִי אַחֲרֵי יְבִמְתֵּך‬
Return every man what's his
due
ֹ‫שוב לְאָנוֹשׁ צִדְקָתו‬
Run about the streets ‫שוטטוּ בְּחוּצוֹת‬
Shall he who despises justice ? ׁ‫שונא משְׁפָּט יַחַבוּש‬

rule ?
Get dinner ready ‫שִׂימוּ לָהֶם‬.
Put it here ‫שים פה‬
Thy reward is great ‫שָׂכְרְךְ הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד‬
I have fulfilled my promises ‫שלַמְתִּי נְדָרַי‬
How does my grandfather do P ? ‫שלום לִךְ אָבִי הַיָּקֶן‬
I will send and fetch you from
thence ‫שָׁלַחְתִּי וּלְקַחְתִּיךְ מִשָּׁם‬
How do you do ?
‫שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם‬
He shall make it up with me
‫שָׁלום יַעֲשֶׂה לִי‬
We have not forgotten your
name ּ‫שִׁמְךְ לֹא שָׁכַחְנו‬
Hearken to me ye tyrants
‫שְׁמְעוּ אֵלַי אֲבִירֵי לֵב‬
Hear my word
‫שְׁמְעוּ אִמְרָתִי‬
Attend to me
‫שִׁמְעה לִי‬
Listen to my speech if you
please
‫שִׁמְעָה נָא מְלָי‬
I have heard thy report ְ‫שָׁמַעְתִּי שְׁמֶעך‬
Do you indeed hear, and not ‫שְׁמְעוּ שָׁמוע וְאַל תָּבינו‬
understand ?
We understand
ּ‫שׁוֹמְעִים אֲנַחְנו‬
Obey my voice
‫שְׁמַע בְּקוֹלִי‬
There the upright man might
dispute with him ‫שָׁם יָשָׁר נוֹרָה עמו‬
They cried there, but none ‫שָׁם יִצְעֲקוּ וְלֹא יֶעֲנֶה‬
answered
Have I made gold my trust ?
? ‫שַׁמְתִּי זָהָב מִבְטָחִי‬
Your lips utter a falsehood ‫שְׂפָתוֹתֵיכֶם דִּבְּרוּ שָׁקֶר‬
‫ת‬
Turn to the right hand ‫תאמינו‬
Tell your employers ‫תּאמְרוּן אֶל אֲדֹנִיכֶם‬
Ye seek but you will not
them
‫תְּבַקְשֵׁם וְלֹא תִמְצָאֵם‬
The sleep has left me ‫תִּבַּר שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָי‬
You are cruel to me
‫בְּהֶפֶךְ לְאַכְזָר לִי‬
Instead of copper, I will bring ‫מחר אַנְחֹשֶׁת אָבִיא זָהָב‬
gold
She shall nurse the child for you ‫אֵינְק לָךְ אֶת־הַיֶלֶד‬
The beast of the field honor me ‫תְּכַבְּדֵנִי חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה‬
You will find a nest
‫תִּמְצָא קֵן‬
He has found occasions against
me
‫תְּנוּאות עלִי יִמְצָא‬
siemea place one of the ‫תַּן לִי מָקוֹם בְּאַחַת עָרֵיהַשָּׂדֶה‬
country towns in
Give ye to her ּ‫תְּנוּ לָה‬
They abhor me ‫תְּעבוּנִי‬
Will you disannu) my judg.
ment ?
? ‫תָּפֶר מִשְׁפָּטִי‬
Willyou condemn me in order ? ‫תַּרְשִׁיַעֲנִי לְמַעַן תִּצְדָק‬
to clear yourself?
You pursue my soul to the wind ‫תִּרְדֹף בְּרוּחַ נְרְבָר‬
You will break the bottle ‫תִּשְׁבֹר הַבַּקְבַּר‬
‫וכוחים‬
DIALOGUES.
DIALOGUE I.
: ‫וכוח ( א) בו נדברו שני אנשים‬
A Dialogue between two Persons
Good day sir, or how do you do ? ‫שלום אֲדוֹנִי‬
I am your servant ‫עבדך אָנִי‬
How are you ? ? ‫הַשָּׁלוֹם לְמַעֲלַת כְּבודו‬
I am very well thank God ‫תְּהִלוֹת לָאֵל שָׁלום‬
I am heartly glad to hear it ‫שָׂמַח לִבִּי וַיָּגֶל כְּבוֹרִי‬
Where are you going sir ? ? ‫אָנָה פְּנֵי אֲדוֹנִי הוֹלְכִים‬
going to see Mr.
I Aam, B. ‫ פְּלוֹנִי‬,‫לבית אָדוֹן‬
In what stretdoes helive ? ? ‫אֵיזֶה הַשׁוּק אֲשֶׁרהואישֶׁבבו‬
In new street ׁ‫שוק הֶחָדָש‬
What trade iş he ? ? ‫מַה מַעֲשָׂיו‬
He is a silversmith ‫צוֹרֶף הוּא‬
I know hiin ׁ‫יָדַעְתִּי אֶת הָאִיש‬
He is an honest man ‫אִישׁ אֱמוּנִים הוּא‬
Make my compliments to him ‫תַּן לוֹ מֵאִתִּי שָׁלוֹם רָב‬
I will ָּ‫בֶּן אֲעשֶׂה כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְת‬
I thank you ]ְ‫ וָרָב תּודות לָך‬, ְ‫הֵן חֵן לָך‬
>
What is the news. ? ? ‫מֶה חדש‬

I know of none
‫לא יָדַעְתִּי‬
Have you read the newspaper ? ? ‫הַקָרָאתָ אָגֶרֶת הַחֲדוּשִׁים‬
DIALOGUES . 116
Yes, but it contains not much
news ׁ‫ אֲבָל אֵין בָּהּ חִדּוּש‬, ‫בֵּן‬
What shall we do in the after.
noon ? ‫מַה תַּעֲשֶׂה לְאַחַר הַצְהָרָיִם‬
I shall take aa walk of pleasure ?
‫אֲנִי אֵלֵךְ לִשְׂמוֹחַ נָפֶשִׁי‬
Whither, (or where ?)
? ‫אָנָה‬
Through our town ּ‫בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵנו‬
Will you go with me ? ? ‫הַתֵּלֵךְ אִתִּי‬
My business will not permit me
‫הַיּוֹם קָצֵר וְהַמְּלָאכָה מְרֶבָּה‬
Youwill do me honor
accompany me
if you ְ ‫ך‬ ֶ‫לְכָבוֹד גָדוֹל יִהְיֶה לִי כִּי תֵל‬
‫עמָּדִי‬.
Why so many compliments ?
I ask pardon
? ‫לָמָּה כָל הַכָּבוֹד הַזֶה‬
‫סְלַח נָא לִי‬
Is the weather fine or hazy ?
? ‫הָאֲוִיר בְּהִיר או קוֹרֵר‬
So-so between
‫בין זֶה לָזֶה‬
From what quarter is the wind ? ? ַ‫מֵאֵיזֶה עַד מְנַשֶׁבֶת הָרוּח‬
I do not know
‫לא יָדַעְתִּי‬
It begins to rain ‫הַגְּשֶׁם הֵחֵל לָרֶדֶת‬
i believe it hails
‫לְפִי דַעְתִּי בָרָד הוּא הַיּוֹרֶד‬
The air is cold
‫הָאַוִיר קָר‬
I am very cold ‫קר לי מְאֹד‬
It is yet winter ‫עוד בִּימֵי הַחֹרֶף‬
The water freezes every night ‫הַמַים קוֹפְאִים כָּל הַלֵּילות‬
Will my friend then go ?
? ֹ‫הַפּוֹנֶה אֲדֹנָ לָלֶכֶת לְדַרְכּו‬
told you, air, where II ְ‫הִגַּדְתִּי לַאֲדֹנָי אָנָה אֲנִי הוֹלֵך‬
havegoing
II am
I will not detain you
ְ‫לא אֵעַצְרְך‬
Farewell tillIsee you again ‫לךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם עָר אָשׁוּב לְראות‬
DIALOGULS .
117
DIALOGUE II. ) ' ‫וכוח ( ב‬
From whence came you, sir ? ? ָ‫אֲדוֹנִי ! מֵאִין בָּאת‬
From the market ‫מֵהָרְחוב‬
What have you been doing ? ? ָ‫מֶה עָשִׂית‬
I have been receiving money ‫קִבַּלְתִּי כְּסֶף מֵאִישׁ אֶחָד‬
Have you purchased any thing! ? ‫הַקְנִיתָ דָּבָר‬
I have bought a few fish ? ‫אנגען‬ ‫קָנִיתִי מְעַט דָגִים‬
I am a lover of fish ‫אָהַבְתִּי לֶאֱכוֹל דָּגִים‬
Will you 0do me the
dining with me ?"
pleasure of ? ‫כּבְּדֵנִי לֶאֱכול היום עמי‬
I gladlacce
y pt your polite invi . ‫אֲקַבֵּל אוֹתָךְ בְּשִׂמְחַת לָב‬
tation
At.what hour shall I come ? ? ‫בְּאֵיזֶה שָׁעָה אָבוֹא אֲדוֹנִי‬
Atthree o'clock intheafternoon ‫בְּשַׁעת שְׁלִישִׁית אַחַר חֲצות‬
An hour
prayers
before afternoon ‫שעח לִפְנֵי תְפִלַּת מִנְחָה‬
Whatshall we do before meals ? ? ‫מַה תַּעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי הַבְּרָה‬
to goand
I outmeanofmy gather fruit ‫אָנָּא וְלֶלֶקוט פָּרוֹת מִבֶּן דּוֹדִי‬
uncle'sgarden
What will you
do with them ? ? ‫וּמַה־תַּעֲשֶׂה בָּהֶן‬
Iintend bringing themto you , ‫יָדַעְתִּילַהֲבִיהֶןלְבֵית אֲדוֹנִי‬
But I also have purchased fruit ‫אָמְנָם קָנִיתִי פֶרות גַם אָנִי‬
Two are better than one ‫טוֹבִים הַשְׁנַיִם מִן הָאֶחָד‬
How is your spouse ? ? ָ‫הֲשָׁלוֹם לְאִשְׁתְּך‬
She is well ‫שָׁלוֹם לָה‬
Will you allow me to offer her
somepresents in the name of my
‫הָאוּכַל לָתֵת לָה מִגְדָּנות‬
wife ? ‫בְּשֵׁם אִשְׁתִּי‬
As you please, sir ‫הָרִשְׁיון בְּיַד אֲדוֹנִי‬
I am going in the country to
morrow ‫אֲנִי הולךְ בַּשָּׂדֶה לְמָחָר‬
DIALOGUES . 118
I should very much like to

accompany you
ְ‫אֲנִי רוֹצֶה לָלֶכֶת עִמָּך‬
I think it will rain to day ‫אֲנִי חוֹשֵׁב שֶׁיָּרֶד גֶשֶׁם הַיוֹם‬
Draw near to the table ‫קְרַב אֶל הַשְׁלְחָן‬
Take a cup of tea or coffee ‫שְׁתֵה כוס שֶׁל מִי אוֹ קָאפי‬
I will meal with you
ְ‫אֲנִי אֹכֶל אִתָּך‬
Sit down sir
‫שֶׁב אֲדוֹנִי‬
Tell me your name ְ‫הַגִּידָה־נָּא לִי שְׁמֶך‬
What wildinnyoupleaseto
er, sir have for ‫מַה שֶׁעֲלָתָךְ לֶאֱכוֹל לַאֲבִילַת‬
? ‫צָהָרָיִם‬
Any thing Iam not particular, ‫יִהְיֶהמַהטִיהְיֶהאֵיןאֲנִימַקְפִיד‬
sir
Are you in good health, sir ? ? ‫אֲדוֹנִי בְקַו הַבְּרִיאות‬

No sir, 1 am rather poorly ‫לֹא אֲדוֹנִי אֲנִי מְעַט חוֹלֶה‬
What is this
hearing ? uproar, I am ‫מַה קול הֶהָמוֹן הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי‬
? ‫שומע‬
The people are shouting forjoy ‫הִיא קול הֲמוֹן הַקִרְיָךָ וְשִׂמְחַת‬
‫הָעם‬
Whatis the occasion of their ?‫מַהקָרָה שֶׁבִּגְלָלו נועדוּהָעָם‬
shonting ?
The king is this instant passing ‫הַמֶּלֶךְ בָּא בְּרֶגַע הַזֶּה‬
: ‫• כֵּן הָעָם אֲהֵבו‬

‫מַלְכֵּנוּ יָשָׁר וְחָסִיד עַל‬
Over Sovereign is just, and merciful, therefore the people love him .
: ‫מפתח לשון עברי‬
GRAMMAR
OF THE
HEBREW LANGUAGE.
LESSON I.
Q. What do you mean by Hebrew Grammar ?

A. Hebrew Grammar is the art of writing and speaking the
Hebrew Language correctly,
Q. How is Grammar divided ?
A. Grammar is divided into four parts. 1. SY'NIN Ortho
graphy; 2. D'ayo Prosody' ; 3. 91277 "P ? , Etymology and
.4 ‫ דֶרֶךְ הַלָּשׁון‬.Syntax
LESSON II,
Q. What is Orthography ?
A. Orthography teaches the power of the letters, and the
division of syllables, words, and sentences. ( See Spelling Book
Q. What is prosody ?
A. Prosody teaches the tones and accents .
Q. What is Etymology ?
A. Etymology is the history of words.
Q. What is Syntax ?
A. Syntax is the disposing of words in their proper place
a sentence.
Q. How many parts of speech are there ?

A. Three ; ;viz. ‫ם‬bu
ֶׁ‫ ש‬a noun,, ‫ל‬Syib
‫ פוע‬averb,and be a particle.
a
HEBREW GRAMMAR . 120
LESSON III .
ON THE PARTS OF SPEECH ‫חֶלְקִי הַדִּבּוּר‬

Q. What is a noun ?
A. It is the name of a thing.
Q. What is a verb ?
A. A verb is that which betokeneth action or being.
Q. What is a particle ?
A. A small word, including the parts of speech found in
ther languages .)
LESSON IV.
‫ אס‬Nouns ‫שְׁמות‬
Q. What belong to nouns ?
A. Number, gender, and case.
Q. How many kinds of nouns are there ?
A. Two ; 1. Diya dw a noun substantive ; 2. 78977
a noun adjective.
Q. What is a noun substantive ?
A. A noun substantive is the name of any substance or thing ;
as wj* x man, nama beast, gyfowl, 37 fish, n'a house, &c.
T "
Things also we cannot see but only have an idea of, are sub.
stantives ; as ‫ָה‬7mping
‫ שִׂמְח‬joy,0778sorrow
, ‫צָרָה‬ ַ‫ נֶצ‬eternity,, &c.
,, ‫ח‬nk)
Q. How many sorts of noun suhstantives are there ?
A. Two; viz. 1.7 Dy Do substantive proper ; 2.
552 oxy be substantive common.
Q. What is a substantive proper ?
A. A substantive proper is the proper name of men, places,
&c ,
as ‫ דָוִד‬David , ‫ יִצְחָק‬Isaac( ‫ רָחֵל‬Rachael, ‫יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‬
Jerusalem , Dad , Shechem , &c. are substantives proper; for
777 David,and SAY 'Rachei is not the nameof every manor
woman, nor isde Jerusalem and D Shechem the
name of every city.
Q. What is a substantive common ?
HEBREW GRAMMAR.
A. A substantive common is the name of every thing of the

same sort, kind , and quality ; thus, wux man, nor woman,
‫ רוח‬spirit , ‫ עיר‬city , ‫ מַיִם‬water , & c. for a man is called a man,
be he short or tall ; a spirit a spirit, be it good or bad ; a city a
city, be it small or large; and water is water, be it salt or
fresh ,
LESSON V.
.ADJECTIVE‫ר‬S‫שָׁם הַתוא‬
Q. What is a noun adjective ?
A. A noun adjective expresses the quality of the substantive,
and agrees with the noun in number and gender, and usually
comes after the substantive , as ‫ אִישׁ טוב‬a good man, ‫אשה‬
‫ טוֹבָה‬a good woman , ‫ יָמִים רָעים‬evildays, ‫לילות ארוכות‬
long nights, & c. thus, you see, good, evil, long, are adjectives;
and man , woman , days, nights ; are substantives.
LESSON VI.
ON COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
‫יַחַס הַדִּמְיון‬
Q. What do you mean by comparison of adjectives ?
A. It is the varying of the adjective by degrees.
Q. What adjectives admit of comparison ?
A. Those whose signification increase or diminish .
Q. How many degrees of comparison are there ?
A . Three; ‫ יָחַס הַשׁווי‬positive, ‫ יָחַס הָהֶבְצֵל‬comparative,and
‫יחס הַהַפק‬.superlative
Q. What is the positive degree ?
A. The positive degree is absolute without any increase or
diminution ,, as byy strong.
Q. What is the comparative degree ?
A. The comparative degree increaseth or diminisheth its
positive signification, and is formed , first by prefixed to a
noun or pronoun preceded by a verb in the same sentence ; as
Gen. xxvi. 16, ּ4322 ָּ‫ִּי עָצְמְת‬3‫ " כ‬For thou art stronger than
‫ מַמֶנו‬may
we.” Second by the adverb 789 very much ; as Gen. xxiv . 25.
‫"“ וְהִי בְּרַךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנִי מְאֹד‬and the Eternal has blessed mg
master very much .”
Q. What is the superlative degree ?
A. The superlative degree increaseth or diminisheth the
signification of its positive to the utmost degree, and is formed
first by prefixing to a substantive, preceded by an adjective, as
Dryade by the strongest amongst the valiant ; and Cant.
: T
vi. 1. Dina 70 "The fairest among the women." Second, by

тта.
the repetition of ‫מאד‬.a .2 ‫וָאַרְבֶּה אוֹתְךָ בִּמְאֹד‬

Gen. xVIIs
.
‫ “ מְאֹד‬And I will multiply thee to the greatest number. "

3 LESSON VII
NUMBER , ‫שָׁם מִסְפָּר‬

!
Q. What is number ?
A. Number is the distinction of one or two from many.
Q. How many numbers are there ?
A. Three; ‫ יָחִיד‬singular , ‫ רִבּוּי שְׁנֵים‬dual,and ‫ רַבִּים‬plural,
: Q. How is the singular number known ?
A. The singular number speaketh of but one as oye a day.
Q. How is the dual number known ?
A. The dual number speaketh of two, and is formed by adding
o ' -- to the singular,asD'SY* two days.
Q. How is the pl al number known ?
A. The plural number speaketh of more than one or two, and
is formed by adding biếto the singular, as Dip days.
LESSON VIII .
.GENDERs
‫מינים‬
Q. What is gender ?
A. Gender generally means the difference of nouns according
to their sex, but in Hebrew they are known by their termination.
Q. How many genders are there ?
123 HEBREW GRAMMAR .
A. Two, Masculine, and 77723 Feminine.

Q. What is the form of the masculine ?
A. The masculine may end in any letter but 7 - orn .
Q. What is the form of the feminine ?
A. The feminine is formed by adding 07 ,preceded by (o) to
the masculine ,as ׁ‫ אִיש‬a man, ‫ אִשָׁה‬a woman ; also nouns that
end with 1‫ ת‬or 11‫ ת‬:= are feminine as ng‫ שֶבֶת‬aseat, nnd a
‫ שַׁחַת‬a pit;
but, should the masculine end in the feminine is formed only
by the addition of as may hebrew -man n'gay hebrew -woman .
Q. What other words are feminine that follow not the above
rule ?
A. All words denoting females, as ox a mother. Names of

countries, as 73 Tyre. All names of the members of the body
as
Jpå ear ; but the names of men, their occupations, nations,
mountains, rivers , are masculine.
Q. Are there any other distinctions according to their genders ?
A. Yes ; first many words fluctuate in their gender, as‫אֶרֶץ‬
earth ; second , some are masculine or feminine according to
the context, as ‫גָמָל‬
a camel; third, some have only one form
applied, without any distinction as 90 an ox ; either male or
female.
Q. how is the feminine dual formed ?
A. By adding DS- ; the termination is changed to na
a
years
‫ שָׁנָה‬4.year‫שְׁנָתַיִם‬.two
Q. How is the feminine plural formed ?
A. By the termination ‫ ות‬as ‫ שנות‬years,
HRBRPW GRAMMAR . 124
LESSON IX .
TABLE , I.
Erample of a Noun and an Adjective according to their number

and gender.
Nouns. Adjectives.
Mas. Fem. Fem . Mas.
‫ יום‬a day ‫ מֵאָה‬hundred ‫גְדוֹלָה‬ ‫גֶדול‬

great
‫ יוֹמַיִם‬two days ‫ מָאתַיִם‬two hundred
‫ יָמִים‬days ‫ מאות‬.hundreds ‫גְדוֹלִים שׁ גְדולות‬
LESSON X. ?
Cass ‫מִשְׁקָל‬
Q. What is case ?
A, The different terminations or endings of a noun but in
the Hebrew as in English they are made by particles prefixed .
Q. How many cases are there ?
A, Sixsingularlyandplurally, viz.mein Sarp nominative,
‫ז‬ ‫ז‬
‫ יַחַס הַהַצְטָרְפוּת‬genitie, ‫ יַחַס הַגְּבוּל‬datine, ‫יַחַס הַפָּעוּל‬

‫יַחַס‬: vocative, and ‫ק‬pana
‫ הַקְרִיאָה‬Dn
accusative, rşuya ‫ יחס‬ablative..
ֶ‫ הַחֵל‬bm:
LESSON XI .
TABLE II. — Example of a Noun with Cases.

Singular. Plural.
.Nomְ‫מֶלֶך‬ a king. ‫מְלָכִים‬ kings.
.Gen ְ‫מֶלֶך‬-‫שֶׁל‬ of a king . ‫מְלָכִים‬-‫ שֶׁל‬.of
kings
Dac ְ‫לִמְלֶך‬ to a king. ‫לַמְלָכִים‬ to kings.
Acc ְ‫ אֶת־מֶלֶך‬.a
or the king ‫ אֶת־מְלָכִים‬the kings,
.Voc ְ‫הַמֶּלֶך‬ 0 or the king ! ‫הַמְּלָכִים‬ O or the kings
ְ‫מִמֶּלֶך‬
from a king. ‫מִמְלָכִים‬ from kings.
Ab..
)‫מלך‬ alian({‫} בנְּממלִכלָיכםִים‬
in or on a king in or on kings
}
Note. — The same particles are joined to nouns feminine.
LESSON XII .
.THE O ‫מְפוֹרָשׁ וּסְתָּמִי‬

ARTICLS5N
Q. What is an article ?
A. An article is a letter prefixed to nouns to denote their
signification, as ׁ‫האיש‬..the
man
Q. How many articles are there ?
A. Two ; the ׁ‫ מְפרָש‬definite and ‫ סְתָּמִי‬indefinite ,
Q. Which is the definite article ?
.A ‫ ה‬the, which in its true form is ‫ הֵן‬takes (-) and puts a
dagesh in the next letter to compensate for j ; before the
gutturals ‫ ע‬and ‫ א‬it takes (7), as ‫ הָעיר‬the city ‫ הָאָדָם‬the man ;
TITIT
before ‫ ח‬and ‫ ה‬it is regular, as ׁ‫ הָחֹדֶש‬the monti, ְ‫ הַהלֵך‬the

walker ; except when the guttural has (-) the (-) then
changes to (*) as ‫ֶהָרִים‬.the
‫ה‬ mountains
Q. What is the indefinite article ?
A. It is so called because it does not determine what particular
thing is meant, and .in Hebrew is understood as a word
HEBREW GRAMMAR.
136
LESSON XIII .
Personal Pronouns. D323:

Q. What is a pronoun ?
A. A pronoun is a word applied instead of nouns to avoid
frequent repetitions of the same word.
Q. How many kinds of pronouns are there ?
. . Five ;A viz .1 ‫ כִּבּוּי הַגוּף‬personal ; .2 ‫ בָּנוּי הַקִנְיָן‬-pos
sessive ; .3 ִ‫ בָּנוּיִם רָוֹמְז‬demonstrative ; .4 ‫בנוּי מִצְטָרֵף‬
‫ם‬ ‫י‬
relatine, and .5 ‫ּנוּיִם הַשְׁאָלָא‬.inter
ְ‫ ב‬rogative
Q. What are those pronouns called ?
A, Separable, and inseparable .
Q. What are the separable pronouns ?
A. Pronouns which stand separate, and signify the nomi
native as 'XI, &c.
Q. What are the inseparable pronouns ?
A. Inseparable pronouns are pronominal affixes, which when
joined to verbs, adverbs and prepositions signify the accusative;
to the infinitive and participle ; the nominative or accusative.
Q. How many persons have pronouns ?
A, Five in each number; ‫ָנִי אָנֹכִי‬.I
‫ א‬, 1. c. .8 ‫מְדַבֵּר‬
‫ בַּעֲדו‬the person who speaks ; f ְּ‫ אַת‬.m ‫ אַתָּה‬thou, .2 :
ng the person spoken to ; f. X7 m . 87. he, she, 3. ..
‫ נִסְתָּר‬the person spoken of ; ּ‫אֲנַחְנוּ נָחְנוּ אָנו‬.we
, 1. 6C., p
ּ‫ מְדָבְּרִים בַּעֲדֵנו‬mamy who speak; ‫ אתֵּן‬m ‫אַתֶּם‬.ye
m .
, 2, p
‫נִכְחִים‬ many spoken to; f. lol .th
.m ‫ הָם‬, 3.ey p ‫נִסְתָּרים‬
many persons spoken of.
Q. What belongs to pronouns ?
A. Number, person, gender, and case .
LESSON XIV.
Possessive Pronouns. 1922 1927

Qu. What are the possessive pronouns ?
HKBREW GRAMMAR .
A. Affixes joined to nouns, viz, 3. C. my, mine,

777-7 ‫ ך‬s . thy, thine, 19-7-7,7-2, s.f. thy,
‫ נָה‬-7:- ְ7-28.m >
thine, 57–7–9–7–38 . m. his, mm - 3.s. f. her, hers, 12–

T T
)
93? .
1. p. c.our, ours, --- 3--2p. m . your,yours, 117
2.p.f.your, yours, 42.-07 - ozon - their,thers, 3074 =107 %
LESSON . XV .
Demonstrative Pronouns. D'ign D93B

Q. What is a demonstrative pronoun ?
A A demonstrative pronoun particularly points out the sub
ject to which it relates.
Q. Which are the demonstrative pronouns ?
A. The following :
TABLE III .
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
LESSON XVI .
That
‫וְח‬ ‫ הַלְזֶה‬Masculine This
Singular This That

‫ הֵלֶזו זה זו זאת‬Feainine
This That
17 ‫הַלָּז‬ Common
Plural These Those
‫אל‬ ‫ אֵלֶה‬Common
RELATIVE PRoNou‫לא‬. ‫בנויי מִצְטָרֵף‬

Q. What is a relative pronoun ?
A. A relaiive pronoun is that which relates or answers to a
word or sentence that goes before .
Q. Which are the relative pronouns ?
A, Wp who, that, which, what. common to both number
and gender, and the abbreviated form prefixed pompojeni
HEBREW GRAMMAR 128
LESSON XVII .
INTERROGATIVE Pronouns ‫ה‬107

ָ‫ הַשַׁאֲל‬0933
‫בְּנוּם‬
Q. What is an interrogative pronoun ?

A. An interrogative pronoun is that small word which is
used to ask a question .
Q. Which are the interrogative pronouns ?
A. The interrogative pronouns are 9-1979 who,
what, why , &c .
Q. How are they used ?
A. Its general vowel is (-) as 430 na what is his name ?
when coming before words beginning with either of the
letters ‫ א הר‬it has (1( ) as ּ‫ מָה אָנו‬what are we ? ‫מָה הָאֶרֶץ‬
what of the earth ? 127 non in what manner have they in
creased ? before n and y it has (-) as ָ‫ מֶה עָשִׂית‬what hast
thou done ? 93977 79 what is our life ? but, if before a verb
or pronoun of the second or third person , it takes (-) and the
? is changed to as mais a who art thou ? X117 who is he :
‫ מי הגיד לו‬who has told it to him ?
LESSON XVIII.
DecLENSION OF THE PRONOUNS .
Q. What is meant by 7703 declension ?

A. Declension is the variation of a word ?
Q. How are the pronouns declined ?
A. Thus
Nominat
Pronouּive.
Separab
TABLE the
signifyi ng
‫ו‬nsְ.-‫אֲנַח‬
‫נ‬le
IV ‫אַתָּה‬ ‫אאֲָננִֹיכִי‬
‫אָנאוַּתֶּם‬ ‫היא‬ ‫הוא‬ ְּ‫אַת‬ 1.8.
‫• ה‬.
‫ם‬p.m
‫אתֵּן‬ pf
3.
mp...
2. 1.
pc. 3.s. 3.
m.
8. 2.
"s. 2.
3.
m.
3.p.f
‫הֵן‬ :
‫ן‬
he thou thou
she
we
they they ye ye
N.
XIX
LESSO
Singu
Noun
joine
follo tosd,
lar
are
wing
The ‫דְכֶם‬ ְְ‫הלִויָולהךָך‬-‫ב‬
Posse
signi
Noun
affix
Pron
Insep when
ouns
arabltoss.e
the
fy
ed
V.-
‫קה‬
:ְ-ְ-‫ך‬-‫ו‬
‫ הֶןק‬LE
‫ו‬TAB ‫קס‬
‫הֶם‬ ; -
- - ‫ן‬ ‫ז‬
her his thy thy my
‫יהיֶהןֶם‬-their
their your your
‫יכם‬- Nouns
our
ָ‫קֶיה‬ ‫קיו‬ ְ‫יִך‬- ְ‫בֵּיך‬
- plural
TABLE to-
Affixes
V.
her his thy thy my
their their your your our
‫שִׁירְכֶס‬ ּ‫ירֵנו‬LESS
XX.
ִׁ‫ ש‬ON ‫שִׁירָה‬ ְ‫ששִׁׁייררוך‬ ְ‫שִׁירְך‬ ‫שירי‬
‫שִׁירָם‬ ׁSong.
‫ן‬Exam
TAB
que
Singu
Mascu line
‫ירכ‬Noun ofaa—
‫ש‬lar
ִple
The
VI.
LE d
‫שירָן‬ -
herg
son sohi
ngs
song
thy
thysong son
myg
the g song
your our
song
thei
songr sonirg son
your
‫רִים‬-‫י‬-‫ש‬.
‫שִשִׁיׁריֵריֵהיֶכהן‬ TAB
Exam LE
VII
ple
.,ofal
ָ‫שִישִׁרִׁיַׁייׁרריִיֵָררייְֵֶנויויהּכֶן‬ Mascu Noun
line
Plura
Songs
‫שִׁירִיך‬ 3.
p.f. 3.
p.
It, 2.
:p. 2.
p. 1.
‫שִׁירִי‬
m p.
C. 3.s. 3.
2.3.8.s
m.
.
, m. ° 1.
3.
c
theisr
song songs
songs
their
your
our
songs
her
his
songs
thy
songs
my
‫שְׁשׁנְתנָָׁתןנתְֵָָנםבותְֶּןכֶם‬ TAB LE
LESSS ON.
XXI
ָ‫שְשְׁנ‬ ExamVIII
Femin
Singu ofaa—.,
ple
Noun
ine
777lar
year. ‫שְׁנָתָה‬ ְ‫שְשְׁנָׁנתָותִֹך‬ ְ‫שְשְׁנָׁנתִָתיִך‬
.heirthe
yeairr year
your
year ouarr
ye hearr
ye yehairs year
thy
my
year
ֹ‫ששְשְְׁׁנׁוננֹותוֵֹת‬
‫שְששְְׁנׁׁוננֹוותָֹֹתתַיֵֵֶוי‬ TAB LE
IX.
‫שְׁנוֹתַי‬ Exam
Femi ofas.l,—
ple
Noun
nine
Plura
nupi
year
years
their
your
years
our
her
years
his
thy
my
years
LESSON
XXII. TABLE
Examplesof,-.
X.
the
cases
prepositions
adverbs
and
with
affixes
the
thereto
‫שֶׁל‬
Gen. Dat. ‫ל אֶת‬ acc. Ablative. ‫אלת‬
Adverbs.
Prepositions
with
and
of ‫אותי‬to ּ‫במ‬
‫מני‬in from ‫ אתִּי‬unto
with ‫אלי‬
ְ‫שֶׁלָּך‬ 4gia idid ‫נו‬
444444444
C.L
ָ‫אוֹתְך‬ ְ‫אִתָּך‬
######
me me
ְ‫שֶׁלָּך‬ ְ‫אוֹתָך‬ ְ‫אֵלַיִך‬
2. ְ‫מִכָּך‬ 7th9ee2 ְ‫אִתָּך‬
Singular.
m. thee
Singular.
f.2 ‫שֶׁלו‬ ‫אותו‬ ּ‫ מִמֶנו‬thee ‫אליו‬

‫אתו‬ thee
3..
m
ְ‫שֶׁלָּך‬ ּ‫אוֹתָה‬ . ‫מִמֶּנָּה‬ him ‫אתָּה‬ ָ‫ אֵלֶיה‬him
ּ‫שֶׁלָּנו‬ ּ‫אוֹתָנו‬ ‫בָּה‬ ‫אלינו‬
3.f.
‫ש ֶ ׁ ל ָ ּ כֶם‬ ‫אֶתְכֶם‬
‫מִמֶנו‬
ּher
‫ מִמ‬us
‫אִאתִאְתֲָּכלֶּנֵםויּכֶם‬ her
‫ָּכֶם ܕܕܩ‬
1.
C.
‫אֱלִיכֶן אאִֵתלְִּכיֶכֶן‬ us
‫אִתאֲָּלםֵיהןֶם‬you
‫מן‬. ‫שֶׁלָּכֶן‬ ‫אֶתְכֶן‬ ‫ מִמָּכֶן‬you
‫הֶס‬.2ָּ‫שֶׁל‬ ‫אוֹתָם‬
‫לָהֶם‬
‫ אֲלֵיהֶן‬them you
Plural.
‫ מֵהֶם‬you
Plural
‫ווו‬. ‫ֶן‬.f2.‫שֶׁלָּה‬ ‫אוֹתָן‬
.3 ‫ מ‬em
‫ֵהֶן‬th ‫אִתָּן‬
3.f. them them
ablative
Note
First
The
addsf,1cp.-
and
in
3.
to
distinguish
fromit
the
in
interrogative
rest
Before
takes
from
only
add
and
compensate
coming 12
to
in
3.
pl2(.3a)fm.
before
guttural ּ‫אָנו‬
shew
its
to
pl.
1.ic';ns.'
therefore
omitted
dagesh
The
8:17
the
for
he
compensates?.
in
3.
m.
Second. ;
derivation
from 0e.
LESSON
XXIII.
‫בקת‬
CONSTRUCTION
OF,
STATE
THE
OF
,
by
i?s
this
meant
Q.
What
num
account
vowels
their
some
change
undergo
genitively par
of
on
ofa,
and
relation
shew the
To
A.
Table.
following
the,.
See
construction
and
gender
example
form
Nouns
-AU
TABLE in.
this
the
one
follow
of
XI
Masculine,
Plural. Singular.
‫ד ְ ב ָ רִים‬ ‫דְבָרִי‬
‫דְבָרַי‬ ‫דְבְרֵי‬ ‫דְבַר‬ ‫דָבָר‬
-
Affir. Gen. ‫אדונים‬ Nom. ‫ אֲדוֹנִי‬Affit. G'on. Nom.
‫אֲדוֹנַי‬ ‫אֲדוני‬ ‫אֲדון‬ ‫אדון‬
11111
a.
word
‫סַפְרֵי‬
‫ספָרִים‬ ‫סְפְרִי‬ ‫ספר‬
‫סְפָרַי‬ a.
lord
‫אוֹיְבִים‬ ‫אוֹיְבִי‬ ‫אויב‬
‫אויבי‬ ‫אוֹיְבֵי‬ a.
book
‫קָדָשִׁים‬ ׁ‫קְדוש‬ ׁ‫קוֹרְש‬
||
‫קָדְשִׁי‬ ‫קָדְשֵׁי‬ ‫קָדְשִׁי‬ enemy
‫מַלְבִּי‬ ‫מַלְבִּי‬ ‫מְלָכִים‬ ‫מַלְכִּי‬ ְ‫מֶלֶך‬
an.
holy
kinga
‫‪. tice‬‬
‫‪jus‬‬
‫צְדֶק‬ ‫‪house‬‬
‫צִדְקֵי‬ ‫צְדָקים‬ ‫צִדְקִי‬
‫בֵּיתי‬ ‫בָתֵּי‬ ‫בָּתִּים‬ ‫בֵּיתִי‬ ‫בֵּית‬ ‫בַּיִת‬ ‫‪writing‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫]‪31‬‬
‫בְּתָבִי‬ ‫בִּתְבִי‬ ‫בִּתְבִי‬ ‫כְּתָב‬ ‫בְּתַב‬
‫כְתָבִים‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Feminine‬‬ ‫אין‬
‫‪Plural‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫אפיאלןאיה‬ ‫‪Singular‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪year‬‬
‫שְׁנָתִי‬ ‫שְָׁנַָהת‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪sorrow‬‬
‫שְׁנוֹתַי‬ ‫שְׁנות‬
‫צָרָה‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪lip‬‬
‫צָרוֹתַי‬ ‫צָרוֹת‬ ‫צָרָתִי‬
‫שְָׂפַָהת‬ ‫‪.law‬‬
‫שְׂפָתִי‬
‫שִׂפְתוֹתַי‬ ‫שִׂפְתות‬ ‫‪blessing‬‬
‫תורות‬ ‫תּוֹרָתִי‬ ‫תתּווֹררָתה‬
‫תורוֹתַי‬ ‫‪dryness‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫בִּרְכות‬ ‫בְּרָכות‬ ‫בִּרְכָתִי‬ ‫בְִּּררְָכַכָּתה‬

‫בִּרְכוֹתַי‬ ‫יִַבֶָ'ּשֶָׁהת‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪war‬‬
‫יַבָּשׁות‬ ‫‪family‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫מִלְחָמות‬ ‫מִלְחֶָמֶָתה‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪wife‬‬
‫‪.: :‬‬
‫ממִִששְְׁׁפפְָּּחחווֹֹתתַי‬ ‫מִשְׁפָּחות‬ ‫מִבְשְּעׁופָּלָּחתִָתיִי‬ ‫מִבשְְּׁעפוַָּּּללחַָָהתהת‬

HEBREW GRAMMAR. 134
LESSON XXIV .
Q What changes do the termination of nouns undergo when

i pastruction ?
A. The singular by changing the long vowels into short
ones, as from 7 to 7 as " 77. the hand of the Eternal ” the
burals and duals by erasing the final, and changing (.) to
)*( as ‫ סְפְרֵי נְבִיאִים‬the books of the Prophets , ' ‫ " עֵינֵי ה‬the
eyes of the Eternal.
The femininetermination 77 is changed to],asְ752
, y ‫מֶּלֶך‬2ַ‫ ה‬ne
‫שנת‬
the year of the King; but nouns that are derived from verbs
ending in when in construction the ( ) is changed to (--),
as
‫ֲנֵה יִשׂראל‬.the
‫ מַח‬camp of Israel
LESSON . XXV .
OF THE CoLLECTIVE Nau‫א‬.s ‫שֵׁם קִבּוּץ‬

Q. What are collective nouns ?
A. They are so called because they refer separately and singly
to persons or things that make up a number.
Q. How are they used ?
First, to express a quantity - weight- measure- ormoney ,
also certain number of days, months, years, &c. as ‫ שָׁבוּע‬a
a
week, or seven days ; 790 a month, or four weeks,no a
year, or twelve months &c.
Second, to denote a certain portion of a people or thing, and are
distinguished first by the word 5, as byn “ all the people .”
Third by the verbal noun, as hyn:5 37 two tables, &c. The
numeral noun being in construction indicates the table to have
been alike ; but when the numeral noun is absolute as
D2170 D'I' " the two cherubim” means the one resembled a
male and the other a female ; also Gen. xviii . 4, 70 SV 1971
a
PX " and behold three men ” i.e, each on a different mission .

See wiggl Jarchi,
135 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
Nouns of this form admit of affixes, see Num. XII. 4,

‫ּרֶט‬Az
ִ‫ שְׁלָשְׁת‬183
ּ‫ “" צְאו‬get you out all three of you.” & c.
LESSON XXVI .
THE VERBsF
.O ‫פועל‬
Q. How is the verb in Hebrew generally considered ?
A. It is the most important part of speech in the language,
and is the root of the others .
Q. How many sorts of verbs are there ?
A.Three;; .1 ‫ פָּעול יוצא‬activeor transitive;; .2 ‫פָּעול עוֹמֵר‬
the neuter or intransitive; and3. Saya Suyp passive.
Q. What is an active or transitive verb ?
A. An active or transitive verb is so called because the action
passes over to some object, as Ynys o he teaches him .
Q. What is a neuter or intransitive verb ?
A. A neuter or intransitive verb signifies the state or being,
and sometimes the action of a person or thing, but has no
noun after it to denote the subject of the action ; as 'muri, I
‫ זָק‬am old
sleep , ‫ אֶהְיֶה‬I am ‫ַנְתִּי‬.I
Q. What is a passive verb ?
A. A passive verb denotes suffering , and necessarily implies
an object called upon, as para
‫ בְּיִצְחָק‬a??
‫ נִלְמַד‬he had been taught by
Isaac. Isaac is the agent, and had been taught the passive
verb, so called because the nom , case he is, is the psssive sub
ject, or that which receives the action.
LESSON XXVII .
Of the division of the Verbs.

Q. How are the verbs divided ?
A. Into three divisions;viz. 1. Dipbogperfect orregular; 2.
‫ נָחִים‬quiescend'; and .3 ‫ חֲסָרִים‬defective ,
Q. What is a regular verb ?
A. Such verbs as retain the three letters of the root through
out the whole conjugations, &c.
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 136
Q. What is a quiescent verb ?

A. Such verbs as have one or more of the mute letters
‫הו‬.among
‫א‬ the root
Q. What is a defective verb ?
A, Such verbs as lose one or more of their radical letters.
Q. How many things belong to verb ?
A . Six ; -1 ‫ בִּנְין‬conjugation, .2 ‫ אֲכוּת הַפָּעלָּה‬mood, .3‫זְמַן‬
dense, .4 ‫ מִסְפָּר‬number , .5. ‫ בָּנוּי הַגוּף‬person,and -6 ‫ מִין‬gender ,
LESSSON XXVIII .
.CoNJO ‫בִּנְיָנִים‬
UGATIONsr
Q. What do you mean by conjugation ?
A. Conjugation is a varying of the same verb in order to
express its different mode of signification .
Q. How many conjugations are there ?
A. Seven ; three active, three passive, and one reflective.
Q. What are their names ?
.A.1 ‫ קַל‬or ‫ ;בָּעל‬.2 ‫ ;נִפְעַל‬.3 ‫ ;פְּעל‬.4 ‫ ; פעל‬.5 ‫הפעיל‬:
.6 ‫ הָפְעַל‬and 7, ‫הִתְפָּעל‬
LESSON XXIX .
TABLE XII . — The signification of a Verb according to the

Conjugationfrom whence it is derived .
---
‫ פָּעַל נִפְעַל בַּעַל פֶּעַל הִפְעִיל הֶפְעַל הִתְפָּעל‬or ‫קל‬
* )•( ‫הִתְ־‬ : ָ‫ה‬ : ‫*) = הדי‬: ( : -:) -( : - :‫ܕ‬
‫נִלְמַד לְמָד לָמַד הִלְמִיד הָלְמַד הִתְלְמַד‬ ‫למד‬
Reflect. Pas, Act. Pas. Act. Pas. Act.
he he was he he was he inhe was he

taught made caused intense- tensely taught learned
himself. to learn to learn ly taught taught
-.Note. ‫ הִתְפָּעל‬and ‫ פְּעל פְּעל‬are called dagesh conjugations,

because the second radical receives a dagesh, unless a guttural ,
the rest are light conjugations.
137 HEBREW SPELLING BOOK ,
LESSON XXX .
.MooD
Osr ‫אֲכוּת הַפְּעלָּה‬
Q. What is meant by a mood ?
A. Mood signifies manner, or the varying of the verb to
express our intentions .
Q. How many moods are there ?
A. Three ; 1.745942 nabg indicative ; 2. 9999 imperative;
and 3.94pə infinitive.
Q. What is meant by the indicative mood ?
A. The indicative mood simply indicates or declares the action ;
‫מ‬
as ‫ד‬795 he learned, or interrogatively, 897 729 did he learn ?
Q. What is meant by the imperative mood ?
The imperative mood commands, intreats, or forbids, as
‫כַר אֶת־יוֹם הַשַׁבָּת‬.Rem
ְ‫* ז‬ the sabbath dayr"
embe
Q. What is meant by the infinitive mood ?
A. The infinitive mood merely affirms the action, and is
without any distinction ofnumberand person,, as 7425 to learn..
‫לִלְמוֹד‬
LESSON XXXI .
OF TENSES .
ja!
Q. What is meant by tense ?
A. Tense is the distinction of time.
Q. How many tenses are there ?
A . Three ; .1 ‫ עבד‬preter, 2 ‫ עָתִיד‬future, and 3, ‫ בֵּינוני‬pres
sent, i. e. between past and future.
Q. What is the preter tense ?
A. The pretertense denotes the action as past, as 75he
‫לָמַד‬
had learned .
Q. What is the future tense ?
A. The future tense represents the action as yet to come, as
‫ מוד‬he will learn.
7405,
HEBREW GRAMMAR 138
Q. What is the present Tense ?

A. The present tense denotes the action passing at the time
it is mentioned, as mos he is learning.
LESSON XXXII
. O
THE PARTIC ‫בֵּינוּנִי אֲכוּת הַתּוֹאַר‬
IPLESF
Q- What is a participle ?
A. A participle is a part of speech, partaking of the nature
both of the verb and the adjective, therefore called
Q. How many kinds of participles are there ?
A. Two ; ‫ בֵּינוּנִי פּועל‬active and ‫ בִּינוּנִי פָּעול‬passive ,
LESSON . XXXIII .
OF NUMBER, PERSON, AND GENDER ,

Q. what is to be observed generally of the appending of the
number, person, and gender ?
A. The following table will shew the different persons, and
number ; also the varying of the ame verb by different pre
fixes and affixes.
LESSON XXXIV.
TABLE XIII. - Shewing the Prefixes and affixes to form tho

Persons, 8c.
Part. Inf. Fut. Imp . Pret.
declined usually 3 m.
GG
like the formed

Singula
‫זה‬ 3 f.
n
Adject, like the

in the Imper.
Frn :
2 m.
.
third and have

person the letters 2 f.
Masc.
.Sing ‫בכל מ‬ ‫א‬ 1 c.
n
See the
Declen . prefixed 3 m.
Plural
of the occasion 3 f.
my Jo
ally. 17 om
Table I.
.
2 m.
2
2 f,
‫דנָה‬ ‫נו‬
I C.
189 HEBREW GRAMMAR ,
LESSON XXXV .
Op Perpect OR REGULAR VERBs.
Q. How is a regular verb conjugated ?

A. According to the following epitome; and by affixir.g 24
letters of the foregoing table according to its mood or tense,
will give the inflection throughout all the conjugations.
TABLE XIV.-AN EPITOME OF A REGULAR VERB ‫ זָכַר‬he
remembered.
‫הַזְכִּיר הָזְכַּר הִזְדַבֵּר‬ ‫זְכַּר‬ ‫נִזְכָּר זְבֵּר‬ ‫ זָכַר‬Pret

‫הִזְדַבֵּר‬ ‫הַזְכָּר‬ ‫הַדָּבָר זַכַּר‬ ‫ זְכור‬.Im
‫ יִזְכּוֹר יִנָּבֵר יְדַבֵּר יְזְבַּר יַזְפֵר יָזְכַּר יַזְדַבֵּר‬-Fut
‫זְכוֹר הִנָּבֵר זַבֵּר זֶכּור הַזְכִּיר הָזְבֵּר הִזְדַבֵּר‬.or [ Inf
‫מַזְכִּיר‬ ‫מְזַבֶּר‬ ‫ דֹבָר‬P.A
} ‫מדַבֵּר‬ ‫מָזְכָּר‬ ‫מִזְכָּר‬ ‫ זָכוּר נִזְכָּר‬.P.P
LESSON XXXVI.
Q. What is observed in this epitome ?

A. First, each word is the first of the same mood, tense, &c.
which in the preter, future, and participle, is the 3rd masc. sing.
but in the imperative, it is in the 2nd. pers. masc . sing. The
learner is only to place the same in the beginning of the blank
line in table xIII. the rest will follow by the same termination, &c.
Second,the vowel (1) is retained in the preter of 52 except
in the 2nd m. f. plu. when it is changed to (:) as ‫זְכַרְתֶּם זְכַרְתֶּן‬
Third , if the 2nd or 3rd radical be a guttural, or 7, the
termination is changed to (-) as ‫ ; יִפְקַח‬but when a hyphen or
a pauseintervenes,itthen terminates wlth (') as ‫ זְכָר־נָא‬Fourth
the formative of the future in kal, niph. and hith. the
ABBREW GRAMMAR 14 )
(9) is changed to ( e). Fifth , the characteristic • in hiph. is

sometimes left out, and compensation is made by changing the
‫צ‬.‫ וְיִבְדֶל‬for ‫ וְיַבְדִיל‬but when in construction, it is
)•( to (‫ר‬-)as
) *( as
LESSON XXXVII .
ON QUIESCENT Verbs. O'na.

Q. How many kinds of quiescent verbs are there ?
A. Six, and are as follows :
TABLE XV .
.1 Whose first radical is ‫א‬

said
88 ‫ אָמַר‬.he
2. third
. >>
• ‫א‬ ‫ מצא‬.h e
found
3. ( ‫ה‬
‫ גָלָה‬.he
revealed
4. second 99 ( ‫ו‬ 9 he arose.
‫קוּם‬
5.
"
‫ בִּין‬.he
understand
‫ט‬
6. first
‫ יָלֶד‬.h
bege
>
at.
LESSON XXXVIII .
TABLE XVI .
An EPITOME OP À VERB QUIESCENT IN The First
RADICAL , as ‫ ילד‬.h
begat
e
Hith , Huph. Hiph. Pu -al. Pi.el. Niph . Kal.
‫ הוֹלִיד הוּלַד הִתִילֶד‬, ‫ יָלֶד נוֹלַד יֶלֶד יֶלֶד‬.Pret

‫הִתְיָלֶד‬ ‫הולד‬ ‫ לֶד הַיָּלֶד יֶלֶד‬Imp
‫יֶלֶד יֶלֶד וְיִלֶד יְיָלֶךְ יוֹלִיד יוּלַד יְתִילֶד‬.Fut
‫ לֶדֶת הַיָּלֶד יֶלֶך ילוד הוליד הוּלֶד הַתִילֶד‬Int
‫מוֹלִיד‬ ‫מילֶד‬ ‫יולד‬..P A
J
‫מוּל מִֶתְדיַקֵר‬ ‫מילֶד‬ ‫יָלוּד נולד‬.P
.P
141 HEBRBW GZAMMAR.
LESSON XXXIX .
Q. What is to be observed in the foregoing table ?

A. Verbs whose first radical is ' are regularly declined in the
preter and participle of kal, and in the dagesh conjugations.
The Infinitive of kal, takes no except such roots which have
y or hy for their second rad . it then terminates in as ‫דעת‬
from ‫יָדַע‬
Q. Do the formatives of the fut. kal. always take ( -) ?
A, Yes; there is but one exception, i. e. the verb Spin
kal they take (*) as a he shall be able.
Q. Are there any other exceptions ?
A. Yes; First, these four, 7j, he nourished, 57, he howled,
so he did good, and 12. he turned to the right. Second , the
v . sy,he feared , retains • with its regular vowels in the fut..
kalthus, ‫ & יִירָא‬c. In theimperat. it is ‫יָרֵא‬.and
plu ‫יִרְאו‬
and is read thus 57 and if the x were omitted, to distinguish it
from the fut. 87 they shall fear, the having metheg , shews
the first rad. to be ' but the same word without it, shews the
rootto be ‫ רָאָה‬he saw . Third , these seven ‫יָשַׁן יָעַן וָעֶד יָסַד‬
and 28: we are regularly declined. Fourth , these four
n The is changed to 1 consonant,
‫יָסַר יָנַח יָדַע יָדָה‬.ihith
as ‫ & הִתְוּדָה‬.c
Q. What have you to observe of those verbs whose first rad.
is ‫? א‬
A. Verbs whose first rad . is x are but few that wil er *
of the several conjugations, &c. those which are founa, follow
the regular table xiv. except these five Tax Sax, nar,
1778 728; in the fut kal,the formatives take the (1) as
& cc.. These three ‫אָהַב‬$ , ‫ אָחַז‬, ‫ אָסֵף‬, sometimes follow this
rule, as its except where the x takes a compound vowel as,
HRBREW GRAMMAR . 142
‫ & וְיאהַב‬c. in the future kal pi -el the formative ‫ א‬is omitted ,
as ‫ אַבֵּד‬for ‫ אֲאַבֵּר‬and ‫ אֹבָל‬for ‫ אאכל‬, & .c
LESSON XL .
TABLE XVII . An Epitome or A VERB QUIESCENT IN '2nd

RADICAL 1, or , as ‫ קוּם‬he arose.
>
Hith . Huph. Hiph. Pu -ab. Pi- el. Niph . Kal,
‫קוֹמֵם קוֹמַם הֵקִים הוּקַם הִתְקוֹמֵם‬ ‫מָס בֵּין מָקוֹם‬.Pret

‫הִתְקוֹמֵם‬ ‫הָקֵם‬ ‫קוֹמֵם‬ ‫כום הקום‬.Imp
‫יְקוֹמֵם יְקוֹמַם יָקִים יוּקָם יִתְקוֹמֵם‬ ‫ יָקָם יְקוֹם‬.Fu Fute
‫קוֹמֵם קוֹמַם הָקִים הוקם הִתְקוֹמֵם‬ ‫ קום הקום‬.Inf
- ‫מֵקִים‬ ‫מְקוֹמֵם‬ ‫קָם‬.. PA
}‫מיקס {מִתְקוּמם‬ ‫מְקוֹמָם‬ ‫נָקוֹם‬ ‫קוּם‬.. P
P
|
LESSON XLI.
Q. What are the chief peculiarities of this verb ?

A. First. The root of verbs in this form will be found in all
lexicons in the inf. of kal. In the pret. theory is changed to
) "( ; except these five ‫ מול הטוב שזור (בוש אור‬retain in the
pret.and pres. of kal. The verb hip the 4 is changed to (- ) ;
and 9 . i
sometimes changed s
to (• Gen. xxVII .31. ‫קם אָבִי‬
“ Let my father arise." Second , the formatives of the fut, in
kal and hiph have also (-) but distinguished by the next vowel
The formatives of the fut, in kal and hiph. have sometimes (- ),as
‫יבוש יטיב‬. Third, conversive changes for ‫ ן‬in kal to short )1(
88 ‫ וַיָּקָם‬in hiph. -is changed to ( -) as ‫ וַיָּשֶׂם‬. Fourth ,in words
. and y second rad . the verb and noun are the
of two consonants
same, as 798 he shone and light. Fifth , those with second
rad . retain it throughout . Sixth, such verbs which have or 1
consonant second rad. are regular. Seventh , (4) is inserted
before the personal pronouns in the 1st and 2nd pers, singular:
and plural of the preter. of niph. and hiph. as ‫הֲקִימוֹתֶן‬
‫ֹתָ הֲקִימתִי‬.E
‫נקוּמו‬ ig
,the of the 3 femh
distinctionht sing
pret. and of the part. fem . of kal . is thus, if the accent be on
the first syllable it is preter. as ‫ה‬nap
ָ‫ קָמ‬she did rise, but if on the
second syllable, it is the participle , as 79 she is rising. Ninth ,
in the dagesh conjugations the third rad . is doubled ; and some
double both rad . as
‫ כִּלְכְּל‬from ‫בול‬
LESSON XLII .
TABLE XVIII .-AN EPITOME OF A VERB QUIESCENT IN 3rd

foune
RAD, X, as ‫מָצָא‬.h d
Hith. Huph. Hiph. - !' u- d . Pi- el. Niph . Kal.
‫ מָצָא נִמְצָא מְצָא מָצָא הִמצא הָמְצָא הִתְמַצָא‬.Pre

‫הַמְצָא יָמְצָא הִתְמצא‬ ‫מִצָא הִמָּצֵא מַצְא‬.Imp
‫יִתְמַצֵא‬ ‫ יִמְצָא יִמָּצֵא יְמַצֵא מֶצָא יַמְצִיא‬.Fut
‫ ' מָצוא הִמָּצֵא מַצֵא מָצוֹא הַמְצִיא הָמְצֵא הִתְמַצֵא‬.nf
‫ממציא‬ ‫ מצא נִמְצָא מְמַצא‬.P.A
}‫מתמצא‬ ‫מָמְצָא‬ ‫ממצא‬ ‫מָצוּא‬..P
P
LESSON XLIII .

A. First, The vowels in this verb are regular, except 1. The
termination vowel ( -) is changed to (t ) on account of ‫ א‬-
in the inf. kal , the (1 ) is retained to distinguish it from the
imperative , 3. These four ‫ מָלֵא טָמֵא שָׂנָא יָרֵא‬retain
( ) in the preter. kal, as ‫ & שָׂנֵאתִי‬c. Second, The ‫ א‬is
retained and never omitted, neither doth it change for any
other like those quiescent in ' 977 except those two X99 and
‫ יָצָא‬when the ‫ אא‬is once omited, as ‫ יָצְתִי‬for ‫ יָצָאתִי‬and
‫ מַחַטו‬for ‫מַחֲטאו‬: Third. The root ‫ קָרָא‬retains the ( ) in
HEBREW GRAMMAR , 144
the preter of kal, as 1877 ; and in niph the second (-) is

changed to(-) as ‫נְקְרֵאוּ נִקְרֵאתִי‬, & c.Fourth . The participle
feminine often terminates in ‫ת‬instead of ‫ נִפְלָאת ה‬for ‫נִפְלָאָה‬
and ‫ נִקְרָאת‬for ‫ & נִקְרָאָה‬.c
LESSON XLIV.
TABLE XIX .-- AN EPITOME OP A VERB QUIESCENT IN 3rd

Radical 7, as 757 he revealed.
Hith . Huph . Hiph. Pu.al. Pi-el . Niph. Kal .
.
‫ גָלָה נִגְלָה גִלָּה גִלָּה הִגְלָה הָגְלָה הִתְגַלָּה‬.Pret
‫הִתְגַלָּה‬ ‫הַגְלֶה‬ ‫גְלָה הַעֲלה גלה‬.Imp
‫ יִגְלֶה יַגְלֶה יְגָלֶה נֶגֶלֶה יַגְלֶה עֶגְלֶה יִתְגַלֶה‬.Fut
‫גְלוֹת הִגָּלות גלוֹת גְלוֹת הַגְלוֹת הָגְלוֹת הִתְגַלות‬.Int
‫מִגְלֶה { מִתְנַלָה‬ ‫מַגְלֶה‬ ‫מְגִלָּה‬ ‫גלֶה‬.P.A
.ְ‫מְגְלֶך‬ ‫גָלוּי נִגְלֶה‬.P
.P
LESSON XLV .

A. First. The 3rd radical jy is retained in all the conjuga
tions except the infinitives, and the part. pret. of kal ; in the
third person fem . pret. of all the conjugations the 17 is changed
to ‫ ת‬as ‫ & גָלְתָה‬c. In the first and second person singular
and plur.the ‫ ה‬is changed to )‫ (י‬as ָ‫גְלִית‬, &c. butin the third
plur. com. the 3rd radical is omitted, as ּ‫& גָלו‬c. except
‫ חָסוי‬. Second . t-
‫ חָסָה‬which retains asroo
non The ‫ שָׁלָה‬the ‫ה‬
is changed to ។y consonant,, a3 ‫שָׁלְוִתִּי‬. The root ‫שָׁחָה‬.in

hith
a 4 consonant is inserted between the 2nd and 3rd radical, as
UNAPx - Third. The 7 is often omitted in the imperative
of pi-el hiph. and hith . as San7, &c. Fourth. y conversive,
and the negative x before the future causes the omission of
andthe vowel (*) is changed to (-) as buy for $249; some ;
times a transposition of vowels take place, as fa for 738

and ya ? 78 ;.but if under y or 77, it terminates with (-) as
imyny &c.-Fifth . The root 17 $ 7 he saw , the formatives ofthe fut.
-
in kal takes (-) as in hiph. to distinguish it from the root ‫יָרֵא‬ he
feared , thus X7") and he saw, is every where in kal, except,

2 Kings, xi . 4, where it is in hiph. “ And he sheweth .” Sixth ,
If the 2nd radical ben they terminate in quiescent (:) , as
mw. aug 77%; the 17 is omitted even without 9 conversive
or the particle ‫ אַל‬, as ‫ יֶרֶב‬for ‫יָרְבֶּה‬
LESSON XLVI .
Q. What other peculiarities are to be observed in quiescent

verbs ?
A. If any of the letters " 1778 are found among the root,
differently from those already mentioned :-namely, whose first
radical is 77, as 727, he turned, 177, he slew ;; also such whose
2nd radical is ‫ א ה ו י‬as ‫ שָׁאַל‬he asked , ‫ בָּהָל‬he terrified,
yua he expired , and ' he hated, are for the most part
regular, with these exceptions the termination is changed
to (-), as Sering for Sunw, and that of 17 takes (-:) instead of
:), 757, &c.
N
HEBREW GRAMMAR .
LESSON XLVII .
OF DEFECTIVE VERBs, ‫חֲפָרִים‬

Q. What verbs come under this denomination ?
A. Verbs whose first radical is ), as ׁ‫ נָגַש‬he approached,
and one with ‫ ל‬as ‫ לָקַח‬he took, and nine with )‫)(י‬, .viz
‫ ;יעַת יָצָק יָצַע יָצַג יָצָב יָצַר יָנַח יָקֵף וְיָסַר‬and those whose
second and third radical are the same, as 220 he encompassed ,
and are by some grammarians called ‫ כְּפוּלִים‬doubling:
LESSON XLVIII .
TABLE XX - AN EPITOME OF A VERB DEPECTIVE IN FIRST

Radical ), as wj2), he approached ,
IIith, Huph. Hiph. Pu -al. Pi - el, Niph. Kal .
ׁ‫הָאִישׁ הָגַשׁ הַתְנגַּש‬ ׁ‫ נָגַשׁ נְגַשׁ נִגְשׁ נָגַש‬Pre,

ׁ‫הִתְנַגְּש‬ ׁ‫הַגְש‬ ׁ‫ גְשׁ הִנָּגֶשׁ נַגַש‬.Imp
ׁ‫ יִגַּשׁ יִנָּגֶשׁ יְנַגַּשׁ יֶנְגַשׁ יַגִישׁ יָגֵשׁ יִתְנַגַּש‬Fut.,
ׁ‫נָגוּשׁ הַגִישׁ הֶגְשׁ הִתְנַגַּש‬ ׁ‫ גֶשֶׁת הִנָּגֶשׁ ז נָגְש‬.Inf
ׁ‫ מָגִיש‬- ׁ‫מְנגְּש‬ ׁ‫ נגש‬.P.A
} ׁ‫מִגְשׁ {מִתְנַגַּש‬ ׁ‫מְנָגֶש‬ ׁ‫ נָגוּשׁ נִגְּש‬.P.P

LESSON XLIX .

A. First. They are regular in the pret, and part , of kal, the
imp. infin . of niph. and the dagesh conjugations ; but if the 2nd
radical be a guttural they are regularly declined.-Second .
The vowels are regular; but, where the first syllable in perfect
verbs ends in quiet (en s) in this instance is compensated by
double dagesh, as wj997, 70577. The imp. and infin. kal ter
minate in = and n
‫ ת‬is added to the latter,, as nua wig, unless
the 3rd. radical be a guttural ; it then termina es wih (-), as
‫ פּחַת‬root ‫ נָפַח‬also the fut.kal, except ‫ נָבָל‬the \is retained

as ‫ יבול‬The formatives of huph. have ( ) instead of } on
accouut ofdagesh.Third.In, the verb rup ? in some of the con
jugations the S is retained, as in Esther "ii. ver. 16. mpany
‫וַתִּלָּקַח‬
Inox, “and Esther was taken ; ” and sometimes omitted, as
. xii .15 ‫ " וַתֵּקַח‬and she was taken ." The verb ‫לָתַע‬
.Gen
.is
found to be but once defective, Job iv 10, ‫וּשְׁנִי כְּפִירִים‬
ּ‫ “ תִּבָּעו‬and the teeth of the young lions were broken.". Fourth.
Verbs whose first and third radical is ) are defective and are
thus declined,‫ נָתַן‬he gape ָּ‫ת‬.thou
ַ‫נָת‬ gavest, &c. fut ‫ יִתֵּן‬he shall
give; imperat. I give thou ; infinitive in , in both cases, the ‫נ‬
is omitted . Fifth . Verbs whose second radical is j as nuk
he was angry, is also omitted, and the D takes dagesh as 'DX.
Sixth . Verbs whose third radical is , or n are omitted before ,
the personal pronoun,, asָּּ‫נָתְנוּ כבָָּרַתַָת‬
LESSON L.
TABLE XXI .-AN EPITOME OF A VERB WHFSE 2nd RDICK

IS THE SAMB,, as ‫סָבַב‬.he
encompassed
Hith . Huph . Hiph. Pu al . Piel , Niph. Kal .
‫נָסַב חֹבָב חֹבָב הֵסֵב הוּסַב הִסְתּבָב‬ ‫ סַב‬.Pret

‫הִסְתּבָב‬ ‫הָסֵב‬ ‫הָסַב סבב‬ ‫ סוב‬-Imp
‫ יָסוב יְטַב יְסָבָב יְלֹבַב יָסָב יוּסַב יִסְתּבב‬.Fut
‫ סוב הסב סבב פֿבַב הָסֵב הוּסַב הִסְתּבָב‬.Inf
‫מָחָב‬ ‫מסבב‬ ‫ סבב‬.P.A
}‫מוסבמִסְתּבָב‬ ‫ܕܪܕܪ‬ ‫ קבוּב נָסַב‬.PP

LESSON LI.

A: First: In the pret. kal. niph, hiph. and huph: is inserted ;
HEBREW GRAMMAR . 14
in the first and second per. sing. and plu , before the affixes :
thus, JYDD, 'NED , &c. Second is inserted before the
affix.nl as 'an, &c. Third . The dagesh conjugations
retain the second rad. except the root Sbp in the fut. pi-el,
one is omitted and 4 is changed to ( ') as Spy
‫ ;)וָאֵקל‬y conversive
changes 4 in the fut. kal to short (1) as 07") like dap ; and in
hiph. the (.) is changed to (*) as S ?); the roots 77 and 970
retain ( ) in the pret. kal. to compensate for dagesh in 7 ; these?
two ‫ עול דום‬, are the same asas
> D27 and by, and are
considered by some as quiescent, and by others as defective
Fourth. The root 55my in hiph. takes (-:) instead of (") Deut
.i .24 ָ‫ • אַתָּה הֲחִילוֹת‬Hastthou begun 2"
LESSON LII.
Conversive. ְ72,707
‫"ו הַהְפַּך‬ !
Q. How is the conversive used ?

A. 1 prefixed to the preter changes its sense to the future, as
ay and he will say, and vice versa ; if prefixed to thefutures
it changes the sense to the preter ; it then takes (-) and puts a
hasily and hesaidh.
dagesh in the next fetter if capable, as oxy
Q. When is' the conjunctive ( 2'n ?)
A When the word is preceded by another verb in thepreter .
‫ “ הוּא‬he commanded, and
‫ צוּד‬8:17
‫ וְנִבְרָאו‬778
asPs. cxlviii. 5. ּ98773) they
were created ;" the joined to the 2nd verb is conjunctiveonly ; in
the future it has its original vowel (:) as :) and I will see
him ; when prefixed to verbs whose third rad. is 7 it causes it to
be omitted, as bary for 17.999 &c.
Q Are there any other particles that produce the same effect P
A. Yes, the adverb or before and px then ; coming before
the fut. changes the sense to the preter, as mpy og before
‫ שָׁיר‬IN then sang Moses.
it grew , npin Tropoje
LESSON LIII .
Panasodic LETTERS ‫אותיות הַנוֹסְפות‬ I
Q. What are the paragogic letters ?

A. The paragogic letters are • 307 which are appended to
verbs, to express a wish or the possibility or impossibility of the
action,and is the potential mood ‫מִתּוךְ הֵן נִשְׁמַע לַאו‬
Q. In what manner are they affixed ?
il 2. m. S. preterit
1 2. m. p.
2. mo 8. imperative
A. Thus,
1 2. m. p.
1. C. S. future
I
2. m. Po
‫ܐ‬
3. m. S. participle
Q. Give examples ?
A. First with 7 as 1910ptni bg I will go (i.e. with your
permission ) and return (if it pleaseGod ) ; without the additional
letter 7 would be absolute, as 7x Iwill go, second. with ‫ |ܐ‬Deut.
vi. 13, 1yDum If (i.e.each ) of you shall attend , &c. but Deut.
ix. 13. Dum if ye (i.e. all) of ye, & c.
Q. How is the mann 113x subjunctive mood known ?
A. First by prefixing particles, as youn YDW DX " ifthou
wilt surely hearken ,” fc. and by prefixing the letters 0 52 to
‫ " בְּהִבָּראם‬when
the infinitive, and the pronominal afixes, as DX779
they were created . ”
Q. What other remarks have you to observe ?
A. First, the infinitive before the verb shews the certainty of
the object; nam nya " thou shalt surely die." Second, the
fnf. after aa verb shews a continuation of the thing, as ZOOM D'X
naigoIfthou doestgood (i.e. continually) thou shalt be forgiven ."

Third , the infinitive before a noun has the sense of a verb, as
1.chron
. ix 43, ‫ לִפְנֵי מְלָךְ מֶלֶךְ לִבְנֵ יִשְׂרָאֵל‬Before aking
did reign over the children in Israel.
LESSON LIV.
VERBAL Nouns.
Q. How many kind of verbal nouns are there ?
A. Four ; 1. radical ; 2. infinitive ; 3. participle ; and 4. the
‫האמניו‬.hemantie
Q. What are radical nouns ?
A. Such nouns as are composed of the same radical letters
ְ‫ מֶלֶך‬a king, from 729
as the roots, as 7?? ְ‫ָלַך‬,‫ מ‬he reigned.
Q. What are the infinitive nouns ?
A. The same as the infinitive of verbs, as
‫ שֶׁבֶת‬a seat; ‫שֶׁבֶת‬
sitting ; root v4 he sat.
- T
Q. What are participle nouns ?

A. The participle nouns are so called because they participato
both of the quality of the noun and verb, as 72103 a watchman,
i. e. one who is in the act of watching.
Q. What are the hemantive nouns ?
A. The hemantive nouns are such as are made so from verbs,
by adding one or more of the letters 11110X7 to the root, a
‫ תַּלְמוּד‬aascholar ;;‫ מְלַכַּד‬a teacher ; root 72
а
‫ָמַד‬.e
‫ ל‬he learned.
LESSON LY .
TABLE XXII.- The LETTERS 1.

nr7 ARE ADDED
TO THE ROOT IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER .
root ,
i generally at the end as ‫ צְדָקָה‬justice ‫ צָדַק‬he is just
‫א‬ in the beginning, as 3x a liar hetold lies
99 ‫מָקום‬aa place ‫ם‬dap
‫ קו‬to ris
J commonly at the end,, as in Spja table mbrojnehe sent forth
ſat the beginning ‫ תַּלְמוּדן‬a scholar 72 he learned
and at the end shopy
‫ עֲטֶרֶת‬a crown by hecrowned
inthebeginning to form ‫ ?יִצְחָק‬Isaac ‫ צָחַק‬he laughed
N proper
in themiddle to form N. Tuy rich Byhe made rici
adj. at the end of words. ‫י‬zy
ִ‫עַבְר‬ hebre w ‫עָבַר‬,hepassed over
nay
as a vowel at the end
‫ גִּבּור‬strong ‫ גָּבַר‬he was strong
1
butin fem.itis putbe. nbazagreatness
‫גְּדוּלָה‬ ‫ גְדַל‬was great
Syahe
LESSON LVI .
Q. Are there any more distinct verbal nouns ? .

A. Yes, besides those already mentioned , there are more ,
they form twenty seven, according to the number of the letters
of the alphabet, and are as follow : viz.
‫מָלשְַךְׁלָמִים‬ ְ‫מֶלֶך‬
Nouns
OF.-
VERBAL
SEVEN
FORMS
TWENTY
THE
XXIII
SHEWING
TABLE
‫ִים‬reigned
rad.leters ‫;ן‬ashe
radix
three
retain
such
‫ נ‬are
ָVerbs
‫ח‬Perfect kinga.
1.
‫נָפחִ"יא‬ such
ha
as
Quiescent
are among
root,
the
letters
1778
or"
more
one ‫אָמַר‬
‫אֱמור‬
‫א‬
2. ‫פ"י‬ radical
Quiesce nt1 ‫ יָשַׁב‬said
he
12 speech
a
‫מָקום‬ 504ler9
dwel
3. ‫ע"ו‬
1
‫ קוּם‬sathe
c5
>>
2 ritose place
. ‫ע‬ ‫דַיָּן‬
‫"ליא‬ ‫דִין‬ ‫ׂונא‬ju‫ ש‬dg
92
4
.
2 judgeto ment
22
5
‫ל"ה‬ 3 he
‫ָיָה‬hated
‫ ח‬My enemy
, 99
‫ה‬
‫חַיָה‬
‫אוֹפֶה‬animal
6
‫אָפָה‬ lived
‫והל פ"ואל"ה‬.8 he
3
‫א‬
9 »
|‫&ה‬.he
‫פ"י‬ 1 3rd
Radical
baked ‫יָרָה‬ ‫תּוֹרָה‬baker
‫ פ"וילא‬.9
E
1
‫ה‬
he
cast
‫יָרֵא‬forth ‫ יִרְאָה‬laus
,
‫ע"ויל"ה‬.10 ‫א‬
I
‫יָה‬feared
ָ‫ ה‬he ‫ אֶהְיֶה‬fear
‫ג עו"לא'ה‬.1
A
2 ‫ה רָאָה‬ washe ‫ מַרְאָה‬existing
‫ול"א‬
‫ע'ו‬.12 2
|‫ה‬
‫וא‬like‫פ‬
saw he ‫ באים‬eision
.13 9 2
)
2
>>
> he
came visitor
‫פ"ל‬ DefectiveI ‫ל‬ cleanse
ic D
radical
1 ‫אָנָף‬
toohek
deliveredhe delivere
tongs
‫ענ‬ ‫חֲתוּנָה‬ ‫אַף‬
‫ל"ג‬ 2 ‫ָן‬angered
‫ חָת‬he anger
13 91
3
‫נ‬ marriehed marriage
9)
‫פחל"ִנ"יא‬ Quiescent
and.
Defective ‫נָשָׂא‬ ‫משא‬
‫"ונ‬l
‫ל‬radical
‫'ה‬Defective &‫נ‬.‫א‬up
Quies
rad
lifted he34 ‫נָטָה‬ ‫מטה‬burden
‫פין ה ַ ק ְ צ ָ ו ו ת‬ -
1
‫נ‬: ‫ה|ן‬keַ‫נָת‬
stretched ‫מַתַּת‬stick
‫כְּפוּללִי"םת‬ &1.
3rd,
rad ‫ כָּרַת‬gamehe gift
‫ת‬ ‫ס‬ng
‫בב‬cutti
.&,3rd
‫"ח‬ 3
>
‫ קבב‬cuhet ng
ling
‫וכפו‬ double
such
rad
2nd as encontpassedhe6 circuit
‫מְכופּ"פְנלִים‬
‫ וכפו‬.def ‫"ח‬ rad1. wandered
he,
77
‫נודהלל‬
fugitive
‫נפייי‬
howlsbyedhe howling
‫עמרומּח‬1 Twofold
ִׁ‫בוָּּמעָישם‬Quies
,
.,&
1st
2nd
rad
same
the . ‫פַּרְשֵׁן‬
. thistle7
777
,as ַ‫צְפַרְדֵע‬
radicals
four
have
Such spreading
on
>>
five for
3
HEBREW GRAMMAR
LESSON LVII ,
Op Particles . hubung
‫מָלות‬
Q. What words are comprehended under this denomination ?
.A .1 ‫ יִחַס הַמַּאִמָרִים‬adverbs ; .2 ‫ יַחַס הַשֵׁמות‬-preposi
.
tions; .3 ‫ מְלוֹת הַחִבּוּר‬conjunctions ;and 4: ‫מלות הַקְרִיאָה‬
nterjections.
Q. By what are they known in Hebrew ?
A. First, by entire forms derived from the verb, noun, or
pronoun ; second by adding syllables, or by abbreviations,
and third, by the compounding of two or more words.
LESSON LVIII .
.OP
ADVERBs ‫מְלוֹת הַמַּאֲמָרִים‬
Q. What is an adverb ?
A. An adverb is a part of speech joined to a verb, to an ad
jective, to a pronoun , and to a participle.
Q. How many adverbs admit of declension ?
A. Twenty -seven.
Q. What are they ?
.A .1 ‫ אַחַר‬4fter ; .2 ‫ איה‬where ; .3 ‫ אֵין‬not ; 4 ‫ אֶל‬unto ;
‫ אֶפ‬end;
5.‫ֶס‬DAN ; 6.byg ‫ אֶת‬with ; &&Saa on accountof,,
‫ אַצְל‬near;;‫ و‬7. nx
9. y'a between ; 10. nya‫ בי‬besides; 11. omg except; 12.
mayafor the sake of ; 13.jagbehold; 14.53 except; 15. 429
as ; 16. 73 alone; 17. yyaon account of;18. puys oppo•
;
site; 19. ' * ? before ; 20. ją from ; 21. 7 over against ; 22,
1
‫ נוכח‬facing ; .23 ‫ סָבִיב‬round about ; .24 ‫ עַל‬upon; .25 ‫עוד‬
yet ; 26. by with ; 27. non instead.
Q. How many adverbs are there that do not admit of declen
sion ?
A. Seventy -five. [See Rev. S. Lyon's Hebrew Gram., page
113.)
HEBREW GRAMMAR .
155
Q. What is the difference between g' and 'S, ‫ל‬S‫ א‬no, no ,
A. The word 5x is used only to the future, whilst sis is both

to fut, and pret. as ‫ אַל תּאכְלו‬yeshall not eat, ‫ולא תאמר‬
end thou shalt not say, 'n * I have not consumed, bui
an .
& is only used before nouns, as ׁ‫ אֵין אִיש‬w
LESSON LIX .
. PosITI0NsP
) PRE0 ‫יַחַס הַשֵׁמות‬
prepositions ?
Q. What areions
A. Preposit serve to join words one with another, and in
Hebrew many of them are the same as adverbs.
Q. What prepositions occur as prefixes ?
.A ‫ܕ ܟ‬.‫ܕ‬.‫ܕ‬.
Q. W bat other observations have you to remark ?
A. When prepositions receive the pronominal affix , their forms
are lengthened ,as ‫לְמִינָהוּ מִמֶנְהוּ כְּמו‬
LESSON LX .
Op Conjunctions. ‫וּר‬37. ‫ מִלות‬.

ּ‫ הַחַב‬dobion
Q What is a conjunction ?
A. A conjunction is that particle which connects words toge.
ther, and indicates the reason of a thing.
Q. How many sorts of conjunctions are there ?
A. Three ; viz . copulative, disjunctive , and conditional,
Q. What is a conjunctive copulative ?
A. It joins both the words and sense of a sentence, as ‫וַיְהִי‬
25 mlany and it was evening , and it was morning.
Q. What is a conjunction disjunctive ?
A. It joins words, but disjoins the sense, as ‫הִגְשׁוּ אֶל הַדֶלֶת‬
4797-18 “ he shall bring him to the door, or to the door
‫אֶל־הַמְזוּזָה‬
post . ''
Q. What is the use of a conditional conjunction ?
A. Itrendersthe speech doubtful as ‫אִם אֲדנָיו יִתַּן־לוֹ אִשָּׁה‬
“ If his master have given him a wife, & c. "
Q. What is to be observed of the letter 1 ?

A. That it may be used conjunctively or disjunctively, accor .
ding to the sense ; 1: Sam, xvii. 34, 35, 36, 7" And David said
to Saul, thy servant kept his father's sheep, 9 and there would
come a lion , or a bear, and take a lamb from the flock ; ; Then
went I put after him and smote him, &c. Thy servant slew
both, , whether the lion or the bear, &c.
LESSON LXI ,
3
INTERJ
OF INTE RJEc IONS ‫מְלוֹת הַקְרִיאָה‬
ECTross
Q. What is an interjection ?
A. An interjection is that part of speech which denotes aa sudden
passion of the mind.
Q. How many sorts of interjections are there in Hebrew ?
A. Two ; viz. primitives and derivatives ; 1. as ‫ה‬27787
ָ‫אָה אַה‬
ah ! 147, 148 alas: apy oh ! 2. 50 ! that, i wish, ya or
‫ הנָּה‬2o ! behold ! ‫ָבָה‬-s in
‫ ה‬. comme ּ‫ חָלִילָהוּ הָבו‬far
! plu g
te be it! x3 beseech ! &c.
re LESSON LXII ,
ne Or Dagesh way
is
Q What do you mean by dagesh ?
10
A. Dagesh is a dot placed in a letter (if capable :) but it
found in 3-7 at the end of a word it is called mappik, signifying
1, to utter as to her, & c.
Q. How many sorts of dageshim are there ?
ne A. Twos dagesh forte or double dagesh pin way and dagesh
leneor single dagesh ‫דָּגָשׁ קַל‬
. Q. What do you mean by dagesh forte, or double dagesh ?
A. It is so called because it doubles the sound of the letter
ng
wherein it is placed, as ‫ לְמַד‬LIM-MIED, LIM -MAID.
e
Q. What do you mean by dagesh lene or single dagesh ?

BI A. It is generaily placed in the letters when any
of them begin a word or syllable, or after a mute
157 HEBREW GRAMMAR ,
LESSON LXIII ,
AIT
Q. If an aajective plu. is in construction with several couns of

different numbers, to which one will it belong ? AL
To the one in opposition, as Gen. iv. 10. 7'NIN 'N ? SP BE
‫צוְעַקִים אֵלִי מִן הָאֲדָמָה‬ " The voice (sing) of thy brother's
blood ( Heb . bloods) are crying (part. plu .) to me from the
ground ; " here the verbal part. adj. plu.D'pyiy agrees with the
noun sing:of Sup
sublimity ; thus,language,
the Hebrew we perceive
i, e. the
he force
, energy, and
who commits murder
destroys thousands ; the noun yo voice is here distributively
i. e. the voice of each.
LESSON LXIV.
Q. What have you to observe respecting the collective no

04
all ?
‫? ܕܕ‬
A. It refers to a noun singular, and includes each of every sort,
and is generally put at the beginning of the sentence, aş Gen, cho
.xi .19 ‫אֲשֶׁר יִקְרָא לוֹ הָאָדָם נְפֶשׁ חַיה הוּא שְׁמו‬ ‫ וְכֹל‬here
we find the collective noun bij all or every sort, belonging to the
noun 7 way, i. e, every living animal, de. The translation is
rendered thus, “ And every living animal to whom the man gave
name, that was its name thereof.
Q. Has ever the infinitive before a noun the sense of a verb ?
A, Yes ; in almost every mood and tense, as Gen, xxxvi. 31,
‫יִשְׂרָאֵל‬-‫ לִפְנֵי מְלֶךְ־מֶלֶךְ לִבְנֵי‬Beforethe reigning of a king ,
i, e, before a king did reign in Israel ; the infinitive has the
sense of the preter. Josh . vi, 3. 7777927 “ ye shall eu
compass the city ;" here it implies thesense of the fut, and Gen.
viii. 3. 2009.So, going and returning, & c." signifying
the continuation of the going, the present tense ; and some
times the imperative, as Exod, xx, 8. nown by -nx 7131
“ Remember the Sabbath day ," & e.
O
Q. How are the letters by 2 when applied to the infinitive

understood ?
A, J. Signifies the subj. preterit, as ‫ד‬hypoa

‫ בִּפְקו‬when he was
visited
about
, 79ppp as he was visited, the 7 signifies the fut. 77mx?
1 to love,and the yj is always negåt. as 99259 from learn
ing, i. e, that I should not learn.
LESSON LXV
Q. What have you to observe of the verbal substantives. vojs

10 and ‫? הָיָה‬
A. That they are often omitted, and must be understood from the
.sen " and darkness
.1 .2 ‫וְחוּשְׁךְ עַל פְּנֵי תְהום‬
; as Gense
was upon the face of the deep , ” &c.
Q. What is the distinctive quality of the part, pas, of kal, and
1
part. niphal ?
A, The disproportion of time which is to be comprehended om
these two, are absolute and compound.
Q. Which participle is absolute ?
A. That of niph, as,2, Sam . xx, 10. DUINSRapy « bul
e
Amasa was not on his guard," ‫) בַּחֶרֶב בְּיָך אֲשֶׁר יוֹאָב‬at the
} moment) “ of the sword which was in the hand of Joab," poi nting
out the very moment of the action, neither before nor after ; again
, VII. II. ּ‫ארְבַּת הַשָּׁמַיִם נִפְתָּחו‬-and
.Gen ָ‫ “ ו‬the windows of hea
ven were opened," i, e. at that very time the flood began to
increase the rain , and no longer.
Q. Which particle is a compound ?
A. The pas. part. and kal. being a compound of all the tenses,
as Ps. v. 9. byna nina “ Their throat is an open sepul
chre,"; i, ę, it has, is, and ever will be open , and Eccl. v. 13.
‫ “ עוֹשֶׁר שָׁמוּר לִבְעָלָיו לְרָעָתו‬Riches kept for the owners
thereof to their hurt," i, e, the same has, is, and ever will be
kept to his own hurt.
159 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
LESSON LXVI .
Q. Do ever the gutturals and admit of dagesh ?

A , No ; but instead thereof, a change of vowels is made, thuss
short (-) to ( T ), short (.) to ( o) and short ( 7) to (1)
Q. Are there any exceptions to the above ?
A. Yes ; the x is found with double dagesh four times in Holy
Writ, and the seven times.
LESSON LXVII .
The Divisions of the Alphabet.

Q. How are the letters divided ?
A. Into eleven radicals, viz. p 73 73 by forming the
root of all words ; and into eleven'serviles, viz. 1539 10x TVO
shewing the various parts of speech .
Q. Can serviles ever be radicals ?
A. Yes ; when they are composed of servile letters only, as
‫ הָיה‬he was, or part only , as hy, he formed ; but radicals can
never be serviles ,
LESSON LXVIII .
Of the Formation and Use of the Servile Letters.

Q , How are the servile letters joined to verbs ?
A. In the following manner, viz . these six 310inn are
prefixed to the pret. these four 737 to the imp. these four
‫איתן‬
to the future ; to shew number, person, and gender; these four
‫ בכלמ‬are prefixed occasionally to the infinitive.
LESSON LXIX ,
TABLE XXIV . - Shewing the seven Servile Letters .

359990999, how they are tobeprefixed, &,c.
‫משה‬
Prep. from , out, of, takes (.) and puts a da
jp from gesh in the letter if capable to compensate
for the J and before the gutturals; 7 take ☺
‫ אֲשֶׁר‬from ֶׁ‫ש‬ Who, that, which takes (:).
‫ן‬jֵ‫ה‬afrom 7an
‫ {הַהָה‬Demonst rative, vocative,,definite articles
(-) or (-). [See Gram. on the defin take
. Articles
Interrogative and admirative
HEBEW GRAMMAR . 160
‫וכלב‬
Conjunctive, or disjunctive, and, if, but,
or, when, now, &c, take (:) ; before a labial,
.
or another ( :) it takes (-)), but,before a :
119.99 (
both are omitted and the 4 takes (. ), as ‫ויהִי‬
for '7'), before an accent or monosyllable
take (1); when conversive to the fut. it has (-)
‫ ܕܸܐ‬Jro ' ‫ܕ ܕ ܕ‬ Similitude, as, so , like as, follow the
same rule as ,
‫ אֶל‬from ַ‫לְלָל‬ Dative prep.to, towards, near, unto, &c.
‫ ܕ‬vrouw ‫ܕ ܕ ܕ‬ Preposition, in , on , among , with, &c.
The servile letters ~, , , X, may be serviles at the begin
ning of words, otherwise they must be considered as radicals.
LESSON LXX ,
TO FIND THE ROOT OF A VERB .
Q. How is the root of a verb found ?

A. First, after the servile letters are rejected, the remainder
m : t be the root. Second. if one or two letters remain, the word
is defective, and in order to discover the same, place " ) or
before, 9 between , or 17 at the end ; or, by doubling the second
radical, in either of these the root may be found .
TABLE XXV. - Shewing the pronominal affixes to verbs.
Singular
Nom , Acc,
Me 1. Com,
‫ני ני ני ני ני‬ I
Thee 2. Mas.
777 Thou
Thou Thee 2. Fem ,
‫ נו הו הו הו ו‬, ' ‫ו‬ He Him 3, Mas .
‫נה‬ She Her 3. Fem
‫נו‬ We Us 1 , Com .
Plura l
‫כס‬ Ye You 2, Mas,

.
Ye You 2, Fem,
‫ס ס ס‬ ‫ס‬ The Them 3. Mas.
1 I. They Them 3. Fem.

LESSON LXXI
.SYNTAX‫דֶּרֶךְ הַלָּשׁון‬
Q. What is syntax ? ‫מְקַשַׁר הָעֶנְיָן לַאֲמִתּו‬
A Syntax is the disposing of words in their gender, number,
person, mood, tense, and place in a sentence .
Q. How many kinds of sentences are there !
A. Two ; simple and compound.
A. What is a simple sentence ?
A. It is that wherein there is but one verb, and one nom, either
expressed or understood , as myagi
‫ שָׂרָה גְבִרְתִּי‬Sarah my mistress."
Q. What is a compound sentence ?
A. It is two simple sentences joined together by a conjunction
& . as Deut. ch. xi .32 ּ‫לא תוֹסִיפוּ עָלָיו וְלֹא תִגְרְעוּ מִמֶנו‬
.c
“ Thou shalt not add nor diminish from it."
Q. How do you place the nominative in the Hebrew ?
A. Generally after the verb, with which it must agree in
number, person and gender, Gen. ch. xxxii.4. 7.29 MBX X3
Thus sayeth thy servant Jacob ."
‫“ יַעֲקוב‬
Q. Are there any exceptions?
A. Yes ; nouns signifying power, also the Holy Attributes
which in general are plural and joined to nouns br verbs singular
to point out the Unity of the Divine Essence, as Exod. ch. xxi. 4 .
JON 95 : 13978.DX “ If his master, Heb. masters ; gave
. , ‫ׁ אֲדוֹנֵי הָאָרֶץ‬VINO
him, sing., a wife."” Gen. xlii.30.7.NI '3178 ‫" הָאִיש‬The
man , the Lord, Heb, lords ; of the land.” 1 , Kings, xviii. 39.
D'7787 4‫ּא‬:17717!
‫ " יְהוָה הו‬The Eternal he is the Elohim ."
LESSON LXXII.
ADJECTIVES.
Q. What have you to say concerning the adjective P

A. Every adjective, pronoun, and verb, must agree with its
substantive expressed or understood, in number and gender, as
HEBREW GRAMMAR 102
‫ אישׁ חָכָם‬a wise mman,, ‫ה‬175;

ָ‫ִשָּׁה יָפ‬X‫ א‬a fair woman , b'NN
‫חֲכָמִים‬.wis ‫ אַתָּה דובר‬, f: ‫ אַתְּ דִּבְרָה‬tllow are
men , m e >
speaking, m b'9997 DMA, f. 199997 roxş ye are speaking,

yo no " Solomon my son ," Gen. xxxiii.21. D'agy
ּ‫אֵלֶה שׁלֶמִים הֵם אִתָּנו‬.Th
ָ‫ה‬7“• men areese
in peace Heb
plu.; with us.
Q. Are there any exceptions to the above ?
A. Yes ; a noun plural signifying power, &c. is often joined to
an adjective in the singular, as Isaiah xix.4. 1767 D93977
• In the hand of a cruel lord ,” Heb.lords ; m_aning you shall
be under the yoke of many masters, where each of them
will treat you with cruelty, this and the like sentences should
always be rendered distributively .
LESSON LXXIII.
Q. If two substantives of different genders come together, with

which gender must the verb agree ?
A. In the masc, as Gen. ch. iii. 5. YURT DIXI xann !: TT
" and he hid himself (themselves ) the man and his wife ;"’ except
when any dignity is observed in the fem . gender, then the verb is
put in the masc. to point out the excellence or merit of the female
as Gen. xxiii. 14. -77yong 7779 and itshall come to pass if
the damsel” instead of 77); and vice versa to point out a
base action of the male ; the verb is then fem . as Ezek. xxiii. 14.
‫ עשִׂיתֶן תִּוְעֵבָה‬, " ye have acted alotninably " ‫ עֶשִׂיתֶן‬for
‫עֲשִׂיתֶם‬
LESSON LXXIV .
Q. How are verbs plu, in construction with a noun singular ;

or vice versa verbs singular to nouns plu. rendered ?
A. They mąst bę rendered distributively ; as Psalm cxix, 103,
779
‫ִמ;ְרָתֶך‬i.‫י א‬e.ּpm
ָsing. ??
‫לְצוּ לְח‬word,
ִ‫ִיכ‬every ַ‫ "“ מ‬how sweet,
ְ‫הנִמ‬na plu.,are
, thy word ,""
&c. And Gen. xviii. 20. Orxan
17777 " and their sins (plu.) is heavy, ” (sing) for 379, are
heavy, &c.
LESSON LXXV,
.3 What isan ellipsis ? ‫פְּרוּמַת מַאֲמָרִים‬

A. It is the omission of words in a sentence and are often met
.with ‫חֶלְקָם נִאֲמָרִים וְחֶלְקָם נִסְתָּרִים‬
Q. What are pleonisms ? ‫הִשְׁתַּוּוֹת דִּמְיוֹנִים בְּרעיונים‬
A. Rhetorical figures or metaphors in speech, with which the
Hebrew Language abounds, and whereby many mysteries are
discovered.
Q. What do repetition of words signify ?
A. Repetition of words generally adds sublimity and loftiness
of expression,
LESSON LXXVI .
.PaosoDY‫טעֲמִים‬
Q. What are the accents ? {
A. They are certain marks about the letters to point out their
proper punctuation and are also enphonic, producing an agreeable
sound, which are set to Music.—[See Nathan's Exsy on Music,)
LESSON LXXXVII.
Names of the Accents according to the Spanish and Portuguese

Jews.
Q
‫זָרְקָא מַכַּף־שׁוֹפָר הוֹלֵךְ סְגוֹלְתָּא כָּזֶר גָדוֹל יָרֵחַ בֶּן יומו קַרְנִי‬
‫פָּרָה גֶעיָא תַּלְשָׁא אַזְלָא בְּרִישׁ כָּסֶקי רְבִיעַ שׁוֹפָר‬
‫מְהוּפַךְ קֵדְמָא תְּרֵי קָדְמִין זָקֵף קְטוֹן זָקֵף גָּדוֹל שִׁלְשֶׁלֶת שְׁנִי‬
‫נִירְשִׁין תְּרֵי טַעֲמִי דַרְנָא תְּבִיר מַאֲרִיךְ מַרְחָא אַתְנָהֲ רַכָּה‬
‫דָּגַשׁ יְתִיב תִּרְצָא שׁבּוֹלֶת שׁבּוֹלֶת מַפִּיק בְּהֵא שְׁבָא גַעֲיָא‬
: ‫גֶעיָא שְׁבָא סוֹף פָּסוּק‬
Names of the Accents according to the German and Polish Jews.
‫זַרְקָא אֱגוֹל מְנָה רְבִיעִי פְּזָר תְּלִישָׁא גְדוֹלָה תְּלִישָׁא קְטַנָּה‬
‫מַהֵפַךְ בַּשְׁטָא זָגַוּ־לָרֹן זֶלֶף גָדוֹל דִּרְנָא תְּבִיר מִרְכָא‬
HEBREW GRAMMAR 164
‫טַפְחָא אֶתְנַחְתָּא קַדְמָא וְאַזְלָא אוּלָא־גֶרֶשׁ גֵרְשַׁיִם יְתִיב‬

: ‫פְּסִיק סוף־פְּסוּק‬
: ‫שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת יֶרַח בֶּן יומו קַרְנִיפְרָה מֵרְכָא כְפוּלָה מִפְחָה מֶתֶג‬
Q. What further remarks have you to observe respecting them ?
A. First the ‫ רְבִיעִי‬is equal to a comma, 2nd the‫ זָקֵף קטן‬is
equal to a semicolon ; 3rd the xoning is equal to a colon and
4th. the : pop gyd is equal toa period .
LESSON XVIII. - Numeral Nouns. Om
Q. How many sorts of numeral nouns are there ?
.A
. Three ‫ִסְפָּר אוֹתִיות‬at
‫ מ‬Figurative
ive, ‫ מִסְפָּר נִפְרַד‬Cardinat
ִ‫ מ‬el or ordinal
and ‫סְפָּר מִצְטָרֵף‬.R
Q. What do you mean by figurative numbers ?
A, such as are expressed by letters, as 2 , 81 , 2, &c,
Q. What do you mean by cardinal numbers ?
A, Is that number which is fully comprehended by itself, as
one , &c.
Q. What is meant by relative or ordinal number ?
A. Such as are governed by some other word, as 1903.7
first, & c.
LESSON LXIX
TABLE XXVI - Figurative Numbers. ‫מסְפָּר אותיות איב‬

In joining | Thousandsare made by Hundreds Tens. Units.
num , letters, units aecented ,
the highest is 1000 .. . ‫|א‬ ..... 1. -X
placed first; 2000 .
"100
" ‫ ב‬200
...... 2010..
.... . 22. .‫ב‬
as n 11 , & c. 3000 .. ." 300 W130 .. 513.... 2
and instead 4000 .....
of ide and 18
19 400 n 40 .... 14 .... 7
we write 10, 5000 .... " 500 50. ‫ נ‬5 .... ‫ה‬
is, because 7000 ... "9 1600 60. 06.... )
the former 000 ..
are the initi
" 700 70 .... 7.... 1
als of the in 8000 " ‫ ח‬800 80 . 8 ....
effable name 9000 . " 900 .... 90 ......
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAG
O
21 127 459
ORIENTAL INSTITUTI
1705668
J4583
193
U of Chicago
21127459

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This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized

by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the

HEBREW AND ENGLISH

SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE TUITION ,

BEING AN EASY AND CONCISE MODE OP ACQUIRING AN

MOST SACRED LANGUAGE .

WHICH WILL BE AFFIXED,

AN ABRIDGMENT OF THE HEBREW GRAMMAR .

This production is designed to furnish young persons, and

and attention having been paid to the classification : the words

To relieve the difficulties, and meliorate the obstructions of

The authorities which have here been followed , with regard

To the spelling and reading Lessons are added, Fables,

On the whole, it has been the Author's ardent endeavour, to

The Author pretends not to boast of new discoveries, but

ܵ‫ܪ‬ Bh Vyse Bhet

The following five Letters, when found at the end of words,

The Alphabet is divided into five organs of speech, viz .

2. Four Palatines ְ‫מֵהַחַיִך‬ Roof

3. Five Dentals ‫זקצרש‬ ‫מֵהַשְׁנִים‬ Teeth

4. Five Linguals mahu ‫מֵהַלָּשׁוֹן‬ Tongue

2nd. There is no difference between the long and short Vowels

2.C ‫ או‬.. | 1 ‫או‬ ‫אי‬ ‫א‬ ָ‫א‬ Figure

moon moan meet main bāwl Example

TABLE 1st - Five little Vowels, as above.

ָ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ֶ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Figure

‫או‬ ‫או‬ Figure

Shu -ruk Ko-mots Hhi-rik Se-gel Pa - sahh Name

tun ton tin tán

Two perpendicular dots, called Sh’ -vo' ( :) is not included in

word or syllable,—the true sound of which must be required

( :) Sh '-vo' at the beginning of a syllable under the gutterale

vowel points, are quiescent or mute.

‫א‬ after T. & as

A point in 7 at the end of a word is called mappik, meaning

Hebrew is read from right to left, and the consonant sounds

FIVE GREAT VOWELS .

3. am ? n1Th9 : sa A a. oyas RrOn

... P- > A - jr or nar

Example of Monosyllables with great Vowels adapted to the sound of the

goosb | gobh gair

Example of Monosyllables with Little Vowels adapted to the sound of the

: 1 ‫ א‬0 | ‫ א‬is ‫א‬ e

‫לֶץ‬ ‫לָד‬ ‫לן‬. ‫לב‬ ‫לת‬

‫מן‬ ‫מן‬ ‫מִן‬ ‫מַן‬

‫נֶט‬ ‫נָר‬ ‫גל‬ ‫נְד‬ ‫נח‬

‫סל‬ ‫סל‬ ‫סְם‬ ‫סֶד‬

‫ער‬ ׂ‫עש‬ ‫עם‬ ‫עֶר‬

‫פֶּר‬ ‫פָּר‬ ‫פל‬

pur por phil

‫קל‬ ‫קָר‬ ‫קב‬ ‫קו‬

‫דֶם‬ ‫רָד‬ ‫רם‬ ‫רַן‬

‫תר‬ ‫הָם‬ ‫שָׂם‬ ‫שר‬

Eramples of Monosyllables with Griat Vowels adapted to the sound of the

‫ס או‬oww | ָ‫ א‬% Nie ai

‫אוד‬ ‫אום‬ ‫אִישׁ | אֵל‬ ‫אֵך‬ ‫אב‬

‫בול‬ ‫בור‬ ‫בֵּן‬ ‫בִין‬ ‫בה‬ ‫ܕ‬

‫גור‬ ‫גוב‬ ‫גר‬ ‫גיל‬ ‫בֶּה‬ ‫גַּב‬

goor gowy gier geel gaih gav

ְ‫זוּך‬ ‫זול‬ ‫זר‬ ‫זיר‬

‫חנט‬ ‫חום‬ ‫חֶט‬ ‫חיר‬ ‫הֶם‬

‫טור‬ ‫טור‬ ‫טיט‬

‫יול‬ ‫יוס‬ ‫יִין‬. ‫יה‬

‫לוז‬ ‫לוד‬ ְ‫לֵץ | לָך‬ ‫לִין‬ ‫לֶה‬