Athena Lab Linux Phan I + II

TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.
HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn
Phn I: Installing Linux as a Server Bi Lab 1: Installing Linux as a Server Bi Lab 2: Installing Software
Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B
TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn
Bi Lab 1: Installing Linux as a Server

I/ Yu cu phn cng: Tuy Linux khng i hi cu hnh cao, nhng nu bn mun lm vic ch ha Xwindows hay bo m cho h thng chy trn tru vi cc ng dng, cu hnh ti thiu nn dng l: - CPU: Pentium 386 tr ln - RAM: 64 MB tr ln cho Text mode, 192 MB tr ln cho Graphics mode. - HDD: Tu thuc vo ng dng ci t. tuy nhin ti thiu nn c trn 3.5G. - VGA: 2M tr ln. Ngoi ra Linux cng cng b danh sch cc phn cng chnh thc c h tr gi l Hardware Compatibility List (HCL). Bn c th xem danh sch ny ti http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl. II/ Ci t: Gio trnh ny s hng dn cc bn ci t CentOS 5 Enterrprise (b 6 CDs). - Khi ng t CD Rom ca CentOS 5 enterprise Khi chng trnh ci t khi ng, s hin th mn hnh:
Chng ta c th chn cc ch ci t sau: <Enter> : chn ci t ch ha (Graphical mode). Linux text <Enter> : chn ci t ch text (text mode). Ngoi ra nu mun chn mt s option ci t khc, bn c th bm phm F2. - Chn Enter.
Nu mun kim tra Source CD th chn OK, nu khng mun kim tra th chn Skip. Vic kim tra a gip bn pht hin a li, v trong qu trnh ci t nu c mt a li th bn s lm li ton b qu trnh ci t . - Chn Skip.
Tin trnh ci t bt u. - Chn Next.
Chn ngn ng trong sut qu trnh ci t. - Chn English chn Next.
Chn keyboard thch hp. - Chn U.S. English chn Next.
Phn chia partition: + Remove all partitions on selected drivers and create default layout: khi ta mun loi b tt c cc partition c sn trong h thng. + Remove linux partitions on selected drivers and create default layout: khi ta mun loi b tt c cc linux partition c sn trong h thng. + Use free space on selected drivers and create default layout: s dng vng trng cn li ca a cng chia partition. + Create custom layout: phn chia partition bng tay. - Chn Create custom layout chn Next.
Thc hin phn chia partition: New: to partition mi, linux bt buc ti thiu phi to 2 partition sau: + Partition chnh cha th mc gc (/) v ht nhn (kernel), partition ny cn gi l Linux Native Partition. + Partition Swap c dng lm khng gian hon i d liu khi vng nh chnh c s dng ht. Thng thng kch thc ca partition Swap bng 2 ln kch thc ca vng nh chnh (RAM). Edit: sa partition. Delete: xo partition. Reset: phc hi trng thi a trc khi thao tc. RAID: s dng vi RAID (c ti thiu 3 cng). LVM: s dng vi Logical Volume Management. - To cc partition sau: Chn New to partition swap Chn File System Type : swap Chn Size: 1024 (gp 2 ln RAM)
Chn OK. Chn New to partition /boot Chn Mount Point: /boot Chn File System Type : ext3 Chn Size: tu
Chn OK. Chn New to partition root (/) Chn Mount Point: / Chn File System Type : ext3 Chn Size: tu
Chn OK.
Chn Next. - Ci t chng trnh boot loader GRUB v t password cho boot loader.
Chn option The GRUB boot loader will be install on /dev/sda. Chn check box Use a boot loader password chn Change password.
Nhp vo mt khu chn OK chn Next. - Thit lp cu hnh mng
Chn Edit cu hnh Network Devices
Chn Enable Ipv4 support chn option Activate on boot, khai bo IP Address v Prefix (Netmask). Chn OK. Hostname chn option manually nhp vo hostname. Miscellaneous Settings nhp vo Gateway, Primary DNS, Secondary DNS.
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Chn Next. - Chn khu vc a l ca h thng
Chn Asia/saigon chn Next. - t password cho account root, Account root l account dng qun tr h thng v c quyn cao nht trong h thng.
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Chng trnh ci t yu cu password root phi c chiu di t nht 6 k t. Nhp password cho accont root chn Next. - Chn cc chng trnh v packages ci t
Chn option Custumize now chn Next. - Chn cc chng trnh v packages ci t
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Chn nhm software chnh nn tri chn nhm software con bn phi chn Optional packages hin th danh sch cc software. Thc hin chn|b chn ci t hay g b cc software.
Chn Close chn Next. - H thng sn sn ci t
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Chn Next. - Cc a c yu cu ci t
Chn Continue. - Chng trnh ang c ci t
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- Ci t thnh cng, v reboot li h thng
Chn Reboot. - Khi ng ln u tin sau khi ci t
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- First boot wizard xut hin
Chn Forward. - Cho php Firewall
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Chn Firewall: Enabled, v chn cc dch v c php truy cp qua Firewall, c th thm cc port khc nu c nhu cu. chn Forward. - Chn cu hnh SELinux
Chn SELinux Settings : Disabled chn Forward. - Chc nng Kdump dng lu li cc thng tin h thng trong trng hp h thng c s c
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Chn Forward. - Chn ngy gi cho h thng
Nu bn mun thi gian s c Synchronized vi mt remote time server chn qua tab Network Time Protocol.
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Chn Forward. - To mt User account thng xuyn s dng trn h thng, khc vi account root
Chn Forward. - H thng s kim tra Sound card
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Chn Forward. - Ci thm software t cc CDs khc
Chn Finish. - Login vo h thng
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Nhp vo username Enter.
Nhp password Enter. - Mn hnh giao din ho
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III/ Ghost h iu hnh Linux v restore t file Img: - Down phn mm Ghost G4L t: - Burn thnh a CD, khi ng t a CD. - Chn mt version ca phn mm G4L: http://sourceforge.net/projects/g4l
- Phn mm G4L l phn mm Ghost qua Network, cn cu hnh cc tham s a ch IP ca my Linux, a ch IP, cc tham s login ca FTP server s cha file ghost, hoc file img:
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- Nu chn kiu Backup, th nhp tn file img mun lu. - Nu chn kiu Restore, th chn file img mun restore. - Mn hnh Ghost h iu hnh Linux thnh file img:
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IV: Resize kch thc partition ca Linux:

- Download phn mm GParted t: http://gparted.sourceforge.net/ - Burn phn mm thnh a CD, khi ng t a CD. - Chn mt version ca phn mm GParted:
- Thc hin cc thao tc delete, new, resize kch thc partition:
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Bi Lab 2: Package Management

- Redhat Package Manager (RPM) l cng c dng Installing, Uninstalling v Upgrading software cho h thng Linux. - Mt RPM package l mt file cha cc chng trnh thc thi, cc scripts, ti liu, v mt s file cn thit khc. Cu trc ca mt RPM package nh sau:
I/ Qun l package bng The Package Management Tool (dng giao din ha); - Vo menu Applications chn Add/Remove Software (nu bn dng command line c th dng lnh : system-config-packages)
Mn hnh Package Manager.
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Chn nhm software chnh nn tri chn nhm software con bn phi.
Chn Optional packages hin th danh sch cc software. Thc hin chn|b chn ci t hay g b cc software.
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Chn Close.
Chn Apply.
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Chn Continue.
- Bn c th tm kim danh sch cc packages c ci t (Installed packages) cng nh danh sch cc packages c th dng c cho bn download (Available packages) tab Search.
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- Bn c th lit k danh sch cc packages c ci t (Installed packages) cng nh danh sch cc packages c th dng c cho bn download (Available packages) tab List.
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn II/ Qun l package bng RPM (dng command): 1/ Xem c php lnh rpm: man rpm
Xem v i chiu vi l thuyt cc option khi s dng lnh rpm.
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn 2/ Truy vn cc packages c ci t trn h thng (Query): rpm qa samba => lit k cc packages c tn l samba.
rpm qa samba*
=> lit k cc packages c tn bt u l samba.
rpm qa | grep samba
=> lit k cc packages c tn cha samba.
rpm qd samba
=> lit k cc files ti liu lin quan n samba.
rpm qi samba
=> lit k cc thng tin m t gi samba.
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rpm qc samba
=> lit k cc tp tin cu hnh ca samba.
* Gii thch ngha ca cc tu chn dng

Tu chn ngha
-q -a -d -i
-c
(packagefile) hin th package. (all) truy vn tt c cc package c ci t. (documentation) lit k cc files ti liu lin quan n package. (information) lit k cc thng tin nh package name, description, release number, size, build date, installation date, vendor, v cc thng tin khc. (configuration) lit k cc tp tin cu hnh ca package.
3/ G b mt package (Erase):
Ch : Nu g b mt package m package cn ph thuc vo cc package khc th khi g b ta dng thm tu chn --nodeps.
Li do package samba-3.0.23c-2.rpm ph thuc vo gi system-config-samba-1.2.391.el5.noarch.rpm. V vy nu mun xo gi samba-3.0.23c-2.rpm th c 2 cch: Cch 1: xo gi system-config-samba-1.2.39-1.el5.noarch.rpm trc, sau xo gi samba3.0.23c-2.rpm. Cch 2: xo gi samba-3.0.23c-2.rpm dng vi option --nodeps
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Dng lnh rpm qa | grep samba kim tra kt qu. 4/ Ci t mt package (Install):
* Gii thch ngha ca cc tu chn dng

Tu chn ngha
-i -v -h
(install) ci t mt package. (verbose) hin th tm tt kt qu sau khi ci t package. (hash) hin th u # thng bo qu trnh ci t ang tip din.
5/ Cp nht mt package (upgrade):
Ghi ch: - Ta c th dng lnh rpm vi option: --nodeps : lnh rpm s b qua cc gi ph thuc. --force : lnnh rpm s b qua li xung t. - ci t software trn HH Linux ngoi RPM package, chng ta cn c th ci t bng gi source, chi tit s c trnh by phn II. 6/ Hng dn ci t phn mm Acrobat Reader: Dng lnh, gii nn gi source: tar xzvf AdbeRdr70_linux_enu.tar.gz
Chy file binary: INSTALL
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Ci t thm th vin:
Mn hnh hot ng ca Adobe Reader
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7/ Hng dn ci t phn mm Unikey: - Ci t bng gi rpm: rpm ivh x-unikey-0.9.2-fc3-1.i386.rpm Thm nhng dng sau vo file /etc/profile export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 export XMODIFIERS="@im=unikey" export GTK_IM_MODULE="xim" Logout, login, chy lnh unikey, g ting Vit: Sa file sau: vi /root/.unikey/options CommitMethod=Forward
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Phn II: Single-Host Administrator Bi Lab 1: Managing Users Bi Lab 2: Command Line Bi Lab 3: Booting and Shutting Down Bi Lab 4: File Systems Bi Lab 5: Core System Services Bi Lab 5: Compiling the linux kernel
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Bi lab 1: User management

I/ Xem thng tin ngi dng: 1/ Tp tin /etc/passwd: L c s d liu cc ti khon ngi dng trn Linux di dng tp tin vn bn. - Cu trc file /etc/passwd
- Xem file /etc/passwd : cat /etc/passwd
Quan st v ch ra tng thnh phn trong file /etc/passwd. 2/ Tp tin /etc/shadow: L ni lu tr mt khu c m ha. - Cu trc file /etc/shadow:
- Xem file /etc/shadow :
....................................
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...................................
Quan st v ch ra tng thnh phn trong file /etc/shadow. Ch : Ct th 2 trong file /etc/shadow cha mt khu m ha nu Bt u bng * => ti khon b v hiu ha (disable) Bt u bng !! => ti khon tm thi b kha (locked) 3/ Tp tin /etc/group: Lu thng tin v cc nhm. - Cu trc file /etc/group :
- Xem file /etc/group :
.....................................
Quan st v ch ra tng thnh phn trong file /etc/group. II/ Qun l ngi dng: 1/ To ti khon ngi dng : - Xem c php lnh :
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Xem v i chiu vi l thuyt cc options hc, ngha ca tng options. - To ngi dng tn usera:
- Kim tra usera trong /etc/passwd :
......................
- Kim tra usera trong /etc/shadow:
......................................
usera ang b tm kho. Do cha c to passwd.

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- Kim tra usera trong /etc/group:
- t password cho usera:
- Kim tra usera trong file /etc/shadow: cat /etc/shadow
usera c active v password c m ho. Ch : - Khi ti ra mt user, nu ta khng thay i password cho user , th user s tm thi b kho v cha s dng c. - Khi to user m khng ch userID th h thng t t userID vi gi tr >=500. - Khi to mt user vi userID = 0 th user c quyt root. - Khi to user m khng ch ra home directory th mc nh homedir ca cc users nm trong /home. - To userb c home directory l th mc /tmp/userb v c dng m t day la tai khoan dung de test:
- Kim tra user va to:
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn - To userc c home directory l /tmp/userc v thuc group users:
- Kim tra userc trong /etc/passwd:
- Kim tra userc trong /etc/group :
2/ Thay i passwd ca ngi dng: - Thay i password cho ti khon root :
- Tng t thay i password cho usera, userb,userc (ly password trng vi user name). 3/ Thay i thng tin ngi dng: - Xem c php lnh:
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Xem v i chiu vi l thuyt cc options hc, ngha ca tng options. - Thay i home directory ca userb l: /home/userb: - Kim tra userb trong /etc/passwd:
- Thay userb thuc group users :
- Kim tra userb trong /etc/passwd:
4/ Kho v m kho ti khon ngi dng: - Kho usera : passwd l usera (hay dng lnh usermod L usera)
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- Kim tra ngi dng trong /etc/shadow :
- M kho usera : passwd u usera (hay dng lnh usermod U usera)
- Kim tra ngi dng trong /etc/shadow:
5/ To nhm ngi dng: - Xem c php lnh: man groupadd
Xem v i chiu vi l thuyt cc options hc, ngha ca tng options.

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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn - To nhm tn group1:
- Kim tra nhm trong /etc/group .
6/ Thay i thng tin nhm: - Xem c php lnh: man groupmod
Xem v i chiu vi l thuyt cc options hc, ngha ca tng options. - Thay i tn group1 thnh nhm 1:
- Kim tra file /etc/group:
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- Thay i gid ca nhm1 thnh 600:
- Kim tra file /etc/group:
7/ Xa nhm: - Xo nhom1:
III/ Login/Logout: - T root ng nhp vo usera: su usera - T usera ng nhp vo userc: su userc - Thot khoi userc: exit - Thot khoi usera: exit - T root ng nhp vo userc: su userc - Thot khoi userc: exit
#: ngi dng root $: ngi dng thng Ti sao hi password ?
Ti sao khng hi password ?
IV/ nh ngha cc cu hnh mc nh cho ngi dng: Khi dng lnh useradd khng c option km theo to mt user, cc thuc tnh ca user s c tm kim theo cu hnh mc nh trong cc file /etc/default/useradd /etc/login.defs
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn /etc/skel - Xem ni dung ca file /etc/default/useradd:
Xem v i chiu vi l thuyt cc options hc, ngha ca tng options. - Thay i gi tr ca option HOME thnh /var/home:
- Dng lnh useradd, to mt user mi userd. - Kim tra thy, userd c th mc home directory trong /var/home:
- Lit k ni dung trong th mc /var/home/userd (bao gm c file n):
- Cc file n ny c to default trong th mc /etc/skel. Khi to mi mt user, ni dung trong

th mc /etc/skel s c t to cho mi user:
- To mi mt file trong th mc /etc/skel:
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- Dng lnh useradd to mi mt usere. Lit k ni dung trong th mc home directory ca usere:
- Xem ni dung ca file /etc/login.defs:
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- y l file nh ngha cc policy lin quan n password: di password, ngy ht hn, ngy
warning
- File ny cng cho php ta inh ngha khi to user mi, c to home directory khng? - Khi xa mt user, c xa lun group khng? (Group ch c mt member). C xa c cc cron,
job khng?
- Sa option CREATE_HOME, khng cho php to home directory: - Dng lnh useradd, to user mi userf, kim tra khng thy to home directory:
- Th thay i cc gi tr khc, v to mt user mi. Xem kt qu => cho nhn xt?
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Bi lab 2: Command Line

I/ Chuyn i ngi dng: 1/Chuyn i ngi dng: lnh su - Nhu nhc h thng: user hostname #: user root $: user thng - To ngi dng tn user1:
- To mt khu cho user1 l 123456:
- Chuyn n ngi dng user1:
- Thot khi ngi dng user1:
Lu : chuyn i ngi dng v chy logon scripts cho ngi dng ny th dng lnh su vi option (-). V d: su user1 II/ S dng BASH Shell: - Linux cung cp kh nng giao tip vi kernel thng qua trnh din dch trung gian gi l Shell. Shell c chc nng ging command.com(DOS) - Cc loi Shell trong Linux:
sh Kernel bash
Trnh ng dng
X window
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1/ Chuyn mt lnh sang chy ch background: & - Xem danh sch cc x l ca h thng:
n Ctrl+c kt thc lnh top, khng xem na. - Xem danh sch cc x l ca h thng, thc hin lnh ch background:
2/ iu khin job: - Lit k nhng jobs ang chy: Job number
- Chuyn mt job ang chy ch foreground sang chy ch background: Job number - Chuyn mt job ang chy ch background sang chy ch foreground: Job number
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn 3/ Lnh v bin mi trng: - Xem danh sch cc bin mi trng: env (hay printenv)
- Ci t bin mi trng rpm =Redhat Package Manager:
- Kim tra bin mi trng va t:
- G b bit mi trng rpm:

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Dng lnh env kim tra li. Ch : Bn c th thay i bin mi trng bng cch thay i file: /etc/profile 4/ S dng pipe ( | ) trong c php lnh: Thc hin kt hp vi lnh grep lc trong kt qu ca nhm lnh bn tri ( | ) ph hp vi tham s nhp vo ca lnh grep. - Xem bin mi trng HOSTNAME - Tm user root trong file /etc/passwd
5/ Chuyn hng: Thc hin chuyn u ra ca nhm lnh bn tri thnh u vo ca nhm lnh bn phi. - S dng >: => To file /tmp/test.txt vi ni dung l danh sch cc files trong th mc root (/). Xem ni dung file /tmp/test.txt
- S dng >>: => Thm dng ch Trung Tam Tin Hoc Athena. Vo cui file /tmp/test.txt. Xem li ni dung file /tmp/test.txt
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- S dng <:
=> Tng t nh lnh cat /etc/passwd | grep root Lu : Nu mun g nhiu lnh trn cng mt dng th cc lnh cch nhau du ;.
III/ Xem c php lnh: xem c php ca mt lnh bt ky trong Linux ta dng lnh man hay (info) - Xem c php lnh export :
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IV/ File listings, Ownerships v Permissions: 1/ Xem danh sch cc files: ls - Xem danh sch cc file trn th mc gc:
.. Mt s options thng dng vi lnh ls Options ngha -L Hin th danh sch file (ch hin th tn). -l Hin th danh sch file (gm nhiu ct: filename,size,date,. -a Lit k tt c cc file, bao gm nhng file n. -R Lit k tt c cc file k c cc files bn trong th mc son. 2/ Cu trc h thng tp tin: Khi nim tp tin trong Linux c chia ra lm 3 loi chnh: + Tp tin cha d liu bnh thng. + Tp tin th mc. + Tp tin thit b. Ngoi ra Linux cn dng cc Link v Pipe nh l cc tp tin c bit. Xem cu trc tp tin h thng:
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- i vi Linux, khng c khi nim cc a. Ton b cc th mc v tp tin c gn ln (mount) v to thnh mt h thng tp tin thng nht, bt u t gc / - Mt s tp tin th mc c bn trn Linux: Tp tin th mc /bin, /sbin /boot /dev /etc /home /lib /mnt /proc /root /tmp /usr /var ngha cc ct: drwxr-xr-x 2 Chc nng Cha cc tp tin nh phn h tr cho vic boot v thc thi cc lnh cn thit. Cha Linux kernel, file nh h tr cho vic load h iu hnh. Cha cc tp tin thit b (nh CDRom, HDD, FDD,). Cha cc tp tin cu hnh h thng. Cha cc home directory ca ngi dng. Cha kernel module, v cc th vin chia s cho cc tp tin nh phn trong /bin v /sbin. Cha cc mount point ca cc thit b c mount vo trong h thng. Lu tr thng tin v kernel. Lu tr home directory cho user root. Cha cc file tm. Cha cc chng trnh c ci t. Cha cc log file, hng i cc chng trnh, mailbox ca uers.
root
root
4096 Jan 20 16:09 bin
+ Ct u ch ra quyn truy cp tp tin.
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File type: K t b c d l Quyn: 0 or - - : No permissions at all 4 or r- - : read-only 2 or -w-: write-only (rare) 1 or - -x: execute + Ct 2 ch s lin kt (link) i vi tp tin. + Ct 3, 4 ch ch s hu v nhm s hu. + Ct 5 ch kch thc ca tp tin. + Ct 6 ch thi gian thay i cui cng. + Ct 7 ch tp tin hay th mc. 3/ Thay i quyn ch s hu: chown - To ngi dng mi tn user1: useradd user1 - To mt tp tin test1.txt th mc gc /: touch /test1.txt - Thay i quyn ownership ca tp tin test1.txt l user1: ngha Tp tin thng thng Tp tin c bit block Tp tin c bit k t Th mc Tp tin lin kt
- Kim tra li:
Lu : Nu mun thay i ownership cho mt th mc v cc th mc con bn trong th ta dng option (R) cho lnh chown. VD: chown R user1 /test 4/ Thay i group s hu: chgrp - Thay i group s hu ca tp tin test1.txt l users:
- Kim tra li:
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Lu : Nu mun thay i group s hu cho mt th mc v cc th mc con bn trong th ta dng option (R) cho lnh chgrp. VD: chgrp R user1 /test 5/ Thay i quyn: chmod - Kim tra quyn ca tp tin test1.txt:
- Cp thm quyn write cho tp tin test1.txt:
Kim tra li:
- Cp quyn 750 cho tp tin test1.txt:
Kim tra li:
V/ Qun l v thao tc vi files: 1/ To th mc: mkdir - To cy th mc sau:
/ (root directory)
---hdh |--- unix | |--- linux | |--- freebsd | |--- openbsd | |--- windows |--- 98 |--- 2000 |--- 2003
2/ Lit k cc tp tin v th mc: ls hay ll - Lit k th mc hdh:

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- Lit k th mc unix:
- Lit k th mc windows:
Tng t dng lnh ls nhng khng c option (l) v lnh ll xem v i chiu kt qu. 3/ To tp tin: C nhiu cch to tp tin - To tp tin thoca.txt vi ni dung Cong cha nhu nui thai son v t trong t mc 98: - Thm cu th Nghia me nhu nuoc trng nguon chay ra vo tp tin thoca.txt: - To tp tin rng: Ngoi ra c th to tp tin bng cch dng tin ch (vi), s hc sau. 4/ Xem ni dung tp tin: C nhiu lnh xem ni dung tp tin nh: cat, more,less, tail, - Xem ni dung tp tin thoca.txt:
- Xem ni dung ca tp tin /etc/passwd v tp tin /etc/group:
.. Tng t dng lnh more, less, tail xem v i chiu kt qu. Lnh tail thng c dng vi option f xem cc log file cho vic debug li ( nh tail f /var/log/messages). 5/ Sao chp: cp - Sao chp tp tin thoca.txt sang th mc linux:
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- Sao chp th mc windows sang th mc linux:
- Lit k th mc linux:
Ghi ch: bn c th dng cc k t ? v * thc hin sao chp cng lc nhiu tp tin v th mc nh: 6/ Di chuyn: mv - Di chuyn th tp tin thoca.txt trong th mc linux sang th mc openbsd:
- Di chuyn th mc windows trong linux sang th mc penbsd:
Ghi ch: Tng t nh sao chp, bn c th dng cc k t ? v * thc hin di chuyn cng lc nhiu tp tin v th mc. 7/ i tn: - i tn th mc windows trong th mc openbsd thnh wins:
- Lit k th mc openbsd:
- Sao chp tp tin thoca.txt trong th mc openbsd sang th mc freebsd v i tn mi thnh baitho.doc
- Xem ni dung tp tin baitho.doc trong th mc freebsd:
8/ Xo tp tin: rm - Xa tp tin thoca.txt trong th mc openbsd:
Nu mun xo m khng hi, dng option (f)
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn - xo th mc, dng option (-rf)
9/ Xo th mc rng: rmdir - Xo th mc 2000:
10/ lin kt tp tin: Hard link (lin kt cng): l lin kt trong cng mt h thng tp tin vi hai node entry tng ng tr n cng mt ni dung vt l. - To tp tin hardlink.txt th mc gc /:
- Kim tra tp tin va to:
- To tp tin hardlink_1.doc bng cch dng lin kt cng vi tp tin hardlink.txt:
- Nhp ni dung test hard link vo tp tin hardlink.txt:
- Kim tra ni dung ca tp tin lin kt cng hardlink_1.doc:
- Kim tra inode entry ca 2 tp tin va to:
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=> inode ca tp tin gc v tp tin c to ra bng lin kt cng l nh nhau. - Xo tp tin hardlink.txt:
- Kim tra ni dung ca tp tin lin kt cng hardlink_1.doc
Ch :
- Khi xo tp tin gc, tp tin hardlink khng b nh hng. - Khng th to lin kt cng cho mt tp tin th mc.
Symbolic link (lin kt mm): l lin kt khng dng n node entry m ch n thun l to shortcut. - To tp tin symboliclink.txt th mc gc /:
- To tp tin symboliclink_1.doc bng cch dng lin kt mm vi symboliclink.txt:
- Nhp ni dung test symbolic link vo tp tin symboliclink.txt:
- Kim tra ni dung ca tp tin lin kt cng hardlink_1.doc:
- Kim tra inode entry ca 2 tp tin va to:
=> inode ca tp tin gc v tp tin c to ra bng lin kt mm khc nhau. - Xo tp tin symboliclink.txt
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- Kim tra ni dung ca tp tin lin kt cng symboliclink_1.doc
=> Ch :
- Khi xo tp tin gc, tp tin symboliclink khng th xem c. - C th to symboliclink cho tp tin th mc.
11/ Vo ra th mc: cd - Di chuyn vo th mc 2003:
- Di chuyn th mc hin hnh ln mt cp: cd ..
- Di chuyn nhanh v root: cd /
12/ Xem th mc hin hnh: pwd
13/ Tm kim: - Tm kim tp tin thoca.txt:
C th dng cc k t thay th tm kim:
Ngoi vic tm theo tn (-name), c th tm theo cc options khc nh: -type, -user, -atime, -amin, -newer, S dng man find xem chi tit. - Tm chui Cong cha nhu nui thai son trong tp tin thoca.txt
- Tm v tr, source v man page ca lnh grep:
- Tm th mc cha lnh ls:

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14/ Nn/gii nn: a/ Dng gzip/gunzip: - Nn tp tin thoca.txt:
- Gii nn:
Ngoi ra c th thc hin nn/gii nn bng gzip2/gunzip2. b/ Dng lnh tar: - Nn tp tin thoca.txt thnh tp tin c ui l .tar:
Kim tra
- Nn tp tin thoca.txt thnh tp tin c ui l .tar.gz:
Kim tra
- Gii nn ui .tar
Kim tra
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- Gii nn ui .tar.gz
VI/ Theo di v kt thc tin trnh: - Lit k cc tin trnh ang chy trn h thng:
- Hu tin trnh: kill -9 1878 kill HUP 1887 - Xem ti nguyn s dng trn h thng:
VII/ S dng mt s cng c khc: 1/ Hin th tn h thng: uname Ln lt s dng lnh uname vi cc options sau xem kt qu: -m: hin th hardware type ca h thng (nh i686,) -n: hin th hostname -r: hin th release ca h iu hnh -s: hin th tn ca h iu hnh -a: hin th tt c 2/ Xem danh sch cc ngi dng ang login vo h thng:
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Ngoi ra cn mt s cng c khc nh: ssh, ftp, telnet, mail, S c hc sau. VIII/ To/Sa tp tin vn bn: - Linux c nhiu chng trnh cho php son tho vn bn nh: vi, emacs, joe, pico, y s gii thiu n cc bn trng trnh son tho vn bn thng dng nht l vi. - To mt tp tin text.txt vi ni dung sau: Cong cha nhu nui thai son Nghia me nhu nuoc trong nguon chay ra - Cc bc thc hin: b1/ Nhp lnh: vi /text.txt To tp tin text.txt th mc gc. Nu tp tin text.txt tn ti th m tp tin text.txt ra. b2/ n phm insert Cho php nhp ni dung vn bn vo tp tin. b3/ n phm :wq thot v lu vn bn. n phm :q! thot v khng lu vn bn.
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Bi lab 3: Booting and Shutting Down

I/ Boot Manager vi GRUB: 1/ Xem file cu hnh grub:
ngha mt s tham s: - default: Chn h iu hnh t ng boot vo nu ngi dng khng chn t menu boot. - timeout: Thi gian ch ngi dng chn h iu hnh. Thi gian ny tnh bng giy. - splashimage: File image hin th ti menu boot. - hiddenmenu: n menu boot. - title: Tiu ca HH trn menu boot. - root: Partition v a ca HH khi ng. - kernel: ng dn ch n kernel image. - initrd: Cho php load kernel modules t mt image. 2/ Thm mt kernel mi vo boot menu: - Chuyn th mc lm vic vo th mc /boot
- To bn sao ca kernel hin hnh v t tn l new-duplicate-kernel
- To bn sao ca image initrd v t tn l new-duplicatekernel.img
- Sa file /boot/grub/grub.conf nh sau:
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Lu file grub.conf li v khi ng li h thng. - Sau khi khi ng li h thng s hin menu boot nh sau:
Ln lt chn cc menu boot xem kt qu. II/ Boot Manager vi LILO: 1/ Ci t boot loader LILO: - Ci t boot loader LILO
- Tm hiu file cu hnh lilo.conf: man lilo.conf. So snh file cu hnh vi file cu hnh grub.conf.
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- Tm hiu lnh lilo: man lilo
2/ S dng boot loader LILO: - Vi CentOS-5, khng cn s dng boot loader LILO. - s dng boot loader LILO trn Redhat, ta thc hin cc thao tc sau: - Ci t nh hng dn phn trn.
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- Copy file lilo.conf vo th mc /etc/lilo.conf - S dng lnh /sbin/lilo thay th boot loader GRUB bng boot loader LILO: - Boot li my tnh, kim tra my tnh nhn boot loader LILO:
3/Phc hi boot loader GRUB: - S dng lnh /sbin/lilo u g b boot loader LILO:
- Boot li my tnh, kim tra my tnh nhn li boot loader GRUB:
III/ Qun l cc services khi khi ng: - Kim tra danh sch cc Services c np vo khi khi ng:
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- Thm mt service vo danh sch cc serv ice c np vo khi khi ng:
Kim tra li danh sch cc Services c np vo khi khi ng
- Disable mt service: Disable mt service theo tng level:
Kim tra li danh sch cc Services c np vo khi khi ng:
Disable mt service tt c cc level:
Kim tra li danh sch cc Services c np vo khi khi ng;
- Enable mt service:
Kim tra li danh sch cc Services c np vo khi khi ng:
IV/ Phc hi Password ca User Root: Trong trng hp ta mt mt khu ca user root, c nhiu cch phc hi mt khu cho user ny: - Ta c th khi ng a mm ( dng lnh mkbootdisk hay dd to a mm boot ny) - Da vo boot loader GRUB hay LILO Gio trnh ny s hng dn cc bn phc hi mt khu root bng cch da vo boot loader GRUB nh sau: - Khi ng my tnh - Khi mn hnh GRUB xut hin, ta chn phm e edit boot loader (Nu khi ci dt c t mt khu cho GRUB th phi nhp mt khu vo)
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- Chn Kernel boot CentOS (2.6.18-8.el5), sau chn phm e edit mc ny v thm s vo sau cng vo runlevel 1
- Chn Enter, sau chn phm b boot vo runlevel 1
- Thc hin lnh passwd thay i mt khu cho user root.
- Dng lnh reboot khi ng li h thng.

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Bi lab 4: File Systems

I/ Cu trc h thng tp tin: Khi nim tp tin trong Linux c chia ra lm 3 loi chnh: + Tp tin cha d liu bnh thng. + Tp tin th mc. + Tp tin thit b. Ngoi ra Linux cn dng cc Link v Pipe nh l cc tp tin c bit. 1/ Xem cu trc tp tin h thng: ls l /
- i vi Linux, khng c khi nim cc a. Ton b cc th mc v tp tin c gn ln (mount) v to thnh mt h thng tp tin thng nht, bt u t gc / - Mt s tp tin th mc c bn trn Linux: Tp tin th mc /bin, /sbin /boot /dev /etc /home /lib /mnt /proc Chc nng Cha cc tp tin nh phn h tr cho vic boot v thc thi cc lnh cn thit. Cha Linux kernel, file nh h tr cho vic load h iu hnh. Cha cc tp tin thit b (nh CDRom, HDD, FDD,). Cha cc tp tin cu hnh h thng. Cha cc home directory ca ngi dng. Cha kernel module, v cc th vin chia s cho cc tp tin nh phn trong /bin v /sbin. Cha cc mount point ca cc thit b c mount vo trong h thng. Lu tr thng tin v kernel.
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn /root Lu tr home directory cho user root. /tmp Cha cc file tm. /usr Cha cc chng trnh c ci t. /var Cha cc log file, hng i cc chng trnh, mailbox ca uers. Xem kt qu lnh (ls l /) trn v ngha cc ct: drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 20 16:09 bin + Ct u ch ra quyn truy cp tp tin.
File type: K t b c d l Quyn: 0 or - - : No permissions at all 4 or r- - : read-only 2 or -w-: write-only (rare) 1 or - -x: execute V d: drwxr-xr-x => tp tin l th mc, quyn ch s hu rwx=7 (read=4, write=2, execute=1), quyn ca nhm r-x=5 (read=4, execute=1), quyn ca everybody r-x=5 (read=4,execute=1). Hay cn gi quyn ca tp tin ny l: 755. + Ct 2 ch s lin kt (link) i vi tp tin. + Ct 3, 4 ch ch s hu v nhm s hu. + Ct 5 ch kch thc ca tp tin. + Ct 6 ch thi gian thay i cui cng. + Ct 7 ch tp tin hay th mc. II/Thao tc trn h thng tp tin v thit b (a): 1/ Lit k danh sch cc thit b: ngha Tp tin thng thng Tp tin c bit block Tp tin c bit k t Th mc Tp tin lin kt
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M t mt thit b cha trong th mc (/dev) File thit b ngha /dev/cdrom CDRom /dev/fd* a mm /dev/hd* cng IDE /dev/sd* cng SCSI /dev/st* Bng t /dev/tty* Cc thit b giao tip v cc cng giao tip (nh COM,) 2/ Xem danh sch cc artition:
3/ Xem danh sch cc mounted point: df l (hay df lh)
4/ Xem dung lngb ca mt hay nhiu files: du f (hay du lh)
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5/ Mount v Umount mt h thng tp tin: - Umount phn vng /boot ra khi h thng:
- Kim tra danh sch mounted point:
- Mount li phn vng /boot:
- Kim tra danh sch mounted point:
* Mount v Umount CDRom: - To th mc cdrom trong th mc /mnt:
- Thc hin lnh mount: mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom (hay mount /mnt/cdrom)
- Kim tra th mc va mount:
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- Thc hin umount cdrom: umount /mnt/cdrom
- Kim tra li: df -l
* Mount v Umount USB: thc hin tng t. 6/ Mount v Umount mt h thng tp tin khi khi ng: S dng file /etc/fstab - Xem ni dung file /etc/fstab: cat /etc/fstab
File system cn mount
Mount point
Type
Mount options
Dump Pass frequency number
- Bn c th sa file /etc/fstab mount/umount bng lnh vi : vi /etc/fstab 7/ nh dng filesystem: - Kim tra cc file system ang c mounted trn h thng: df -lT
- nh dng kiu file system /dev/sda4 sang ext3: o Umount file system /dev/sda4: umount /dev/sda4 o Thc hin lnh : mkfs t ext3 /dev/sda4
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o Mount li file system /dev/sda4: mount /dev/sda4 /data o Kim tra: df lT
8/ Chun on v sa li file system: - Thc hin lnh: fsck a /dev/sda4 (option a: t ng sa cha m khng cn hi)
9/ To v xo partition: S dng cng c fdisk - Thc hin lnh:
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- Nhp m xem menu lnh
- Nhp p in partition table
- Nhp d xo partition v chn xo partition s 4
- Nhp p xem li partition table

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- Nhp n to partition v chn p tp primary partition
- Nhn enter chn mc nh cylinder bt u cho partition
- Nhp Last cylinder +20M to mt partition mi c kch thc 20M
- Nhp vo t thay i partition type v chn thay i cho partition s 4
- Nhp vo L xem danh sch cc Hex code
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- Nhp vo Hex code l 82 to partition kiu swap
- Chn p in partition table
- Thc hin tng t to cc partition. Nhng cn ch ch c to ti a 4 partition (primary partition + extended partition). - thot v lu li, chn w. Ch : Dng lnh mkfs thay i partition type cho cc partitions sao khi to xong bng lnh fdisk. 10/ Logical Volume Management (LVM): - Lit k cc partition hin c ca h thng:
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y ta s s dng partion /dev/sda3 to LVM. - Dng lnh fdisk thay i kiu ca partion /dev/sda3 l Linux LVM
Nhp vo p xem danh sch cc partions :
Nhp t thay i partion : Nhp vo 3 chn partion s 3 (/dev/sda3) Nhp L xem danh sch cc Hex code :
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Nhp vo 8e chn type l Linux LVM Nhp vo p xem li danh sch cc partions:
Chn w lu li nhng thay i
Reboot li my tnh (g lnh reboot hay init 6) - To Physical volume : Xem physical volume trn h thng : Nu khng hin th g, tc l h thng ch c mt physical volume no. To mt physical volume cho partition /dev/sda3
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Kim tra li physical volume trn h thng
- To Volume group : Kim tra volume group trn h thng
To mt volume group tn vol_group01 cha physical volume /dev/sad3
Kim tra li volume group trn h thng
- To mt logical volume kch tht 200M tn l logvol01 thuc volume group vol_group01
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn - To mt logical volume kch tht 300M tn l logvol02 thuc volume group vol_group01
- Kim tra li volume group trn h thng
- nh dng file system sang ext3 : nh dng logical volume logvol01
nh dng logical volume logvol02
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- To 2 th mc /data v /data1, sau mount 2 logical volume cho 2 th nc ny:
- Kim tra li :
11/ Qun l Quotas : - M tp tin /etc/fstab thm cc options usrquota (gii hn cho ngi dng) v grpquota (cho nhm). vi /etc/fstab
- Thc hin lnh mount -o remount /home (hay khi ng li server)
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- Thc hin quotacheck: quotacheck avug -a: Kim tra tt c nhng h thng tp tin cu hnh quota. -v: Hin th thng tin trng thi khi kim tra. -u: Kim tra quota ca ngi dng. -g : Kim tra quota ca nhm.
Nu cha to tp tin lu tr thng tin cu hnh ca user () v nhm () trong /data, Th khi chy lnh quotacheck s bo li khng tm thy ng thi cng s t to 2 tp tin trn aquota.user, aquota.group trong /data. Kim tra 2 files lu tr thng tin cu hnh quota: ls l /data
Chy li lnh quotacheck: quotacheck avug
- Khi ng quota:
- Phn b quota cho usera: edquota u usera Mt s options ca lnh edquota : -u : Thit lp quota cho user. -g : Thit lp quota cho group. -p: Sao chp quota t ngi dng ny qua ngi dng khc. -t: Chnh sa thi gian ca gii hn mm (soft limit).
Nhp vo gii hn mm (soft limit) v gii hn cng (hard limit) cho usera. thot ra, n phm :wq - t thi gian chuyn t gii hn mm sang gii hn cng: edquota t - Kim tra quota ca usera: quota u usera
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- Nu bn c tnh lu tr ln hn hn ngch thit lp cho /data th s bo li sau :
* Ngoi ra ta c th s dng lnh quotastats, repquota xem mt s thng tin thng k v quota
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Bi Lab 5: Core System Services

I/ Xinetd: Dng lnh rpm ivh xinetd-2.3.14-10.el5.i386.rpm => ci t xinetd 1/ Cu hnh Xinetd: Nhng files cu hnh cho xinetd nh sau: /etc/xinetd.conf - File cu hnh ton cc
ngha ca cc tham s: log_type: SYSLOG authpriv: ch nh u ra ca service log. Bn c th gi n n SYSLOG log_on_success: Cu hnh cho vic log nu kt ni thnh cng. HOST name v Process ID s c log vo /var/log/secure log_on_failure: cu hnh cho vic log khi kt ni b dropped hoc khng c php truy cp /var/log/secure cps: gii hn t l cc kt ni. Bao gm 2 tham s. Tham s u tin l gii hn s lng kt ni trong 1s. Nu t l cc kt ni cao hn gi tr ny, dch v s tm thi b disabled. Tham s th 2 l thi gian ch (tnh bng s) enable li dch v sau khi n b disabled. Gi tr mc nh l 50 connections v thi gian ngh l 10s instances: s lng ln nht cc requests m xinetd c th handle ti mt thi im
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn per_source: gii hn s lng kt ni cho mi a ch ngun includedir: c cc file cu hnh cho cc dch v khc nm trong th mc /etc/xinetd.d Th mc /etc/xinetd.d - th mc cha tt c cc file cu hnh cho mi dch v xc nh 2/ Cu hnh xinetd cho dch v telnet: - Kim tra a ch IP ca card mng:
- Thay i file cu hnh xinetd cho dch v telnet nh sau:
- Restart service Xinetd
- Th telnet vo my 192.168.36.230
=> Khng telnet c v ta cu hnh chn (no_access) trong file (/etc/xinetd.d/krb5telnet) - Kim tra log file
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn - By gi ta thay i b i option (no_access) trong file (/etc/xinetd.d/krb5-telnet)
- Restart service Xinetd
- Th telnet vo my 192.168.36.230
=> Telnet thnh cng !
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II/ Syslog Deamon:

1/ Xem file cu hnh syslog:
Cu trc ca mi dng: Facility.Level Action Facility: i tng sinh ra log, bao gm: auth: s dng cho nhng s kin bo mt authpriv: cc thng bo lin quan n kim sot truy cp v bo mt cron: cron daemon daemon: s dng bi cc tin trnh h thng v cc daemons khc kern: cc thng bo t kernel lpr: h thng in n mark: nhng thng bo c generated bi bn thn syslogd. N ch cha mt bin timestamp v mt chui "--MARK--". news: h thng tin tc syslog: nhng thng bo c generated bi bn thn syslogd. user: thng bo v cp ngi dng chung uucp: h thng con UUCP local0 to local7: d tr cho s dng ni b Level: Mc m messages s c logged, bao gm: debug: cc messages ch debug info: messages mang thng tin notice: messages mang tnh cht thng bo warning (hoc warn): messages cnh bo err (hoc error): messages li crit: messages nguy him
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn alert: messages v cc hnh ng phi c thc hin ngay emerg (hoc panic): messages khi h thng khng th dng c na Ngoi ra cn mt mc c bit c gi l none, mc ny s disable Facility i cng. Du sao [*] c th c s dng miu t cho tt c cc Facilities hoc tt c cc Levels Action: Ni lu tr cc messages Mt tn file vi full path Mt danh sch cc ngi dng cch nhau bi dp phy (, ) @hostname(hay ip) ca remote syslog server 2/ Cu hnh local syslog server: - Cu hnh ghi log cho cc tin trnh h thng mi mc . Thm dng sau vo cui cng ca fil syslog.conf Thot ra v lu li - Restart syslog server:
- Kim tra file daemon.log c sinh ra sau khi restart syslog server:
- Nu c mt daemon ca h thng pht sinh ra thng bo message th message s c lu vo trong /var/log/daemon.log. kim tra, ta s dng tin ch logger gi messages nh sau:
- Kim tra file /var/log/daemon.log

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3/ Log file rotation: - Xem file /etc/logtate.conf: H thng s quay vng log files hng tun Lu li nhng thng tin logs ng gi trong 4 tun To ra file mi sau khi xoay vng Cho php nn log files Cha Thng tin v s quay vng log ca cc gi rpm
4/ Lu tr log file trn remote syslog server : a/ Cu hnh trn remote syslog server : - Thm tu chhn (r) vo cui tham s SYSLOGD_OPTIONS ca file /etc/sysconfig/syslog bo cho syslog server bit s nhn log t syslog client
- Sa file /etc/syslog.conf thm vo cui cng nh sau
- Do syslog mc nh s s dng cng 514 UDP, nn ta phi m cng ny trn firewall iptables. Nhng v iptables s hc sau nn tm thi ta stop firewall iptable li.
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- Restart syslog: service syslog restart b/ Cu hnh trn syslog client: - Sa file /etc/syslog.conf thm vo cui cng nh sau
- Restart syslog: service syslog restart c/ Kim tra vic ghi log : - Trn client ta restart service network
- Trn server kim tra file /var/log/messages ...................................
III/ Cron:
Khi khi ng cron daemon s thc thi cc schedules ln lt nh sau: - File /etc/crontab - Cc file trong th mc /etc/cron.d - Cc file trong th mc /var/spool/cron Cu trc ca m schedule task nh sau: User Munite Hour Day Month Dayofweek - Minute: - Hour: - Day: - Month: - Dayofweek: - User: - Command: 0 => 59 0 => 23 1=> 31 ( tu thuc vo thng) 1 => 12 ( hay jan, feb, ) 0 => 7 ( hay sun, mon, ) Ngi dng lnh hay script cn c thc thi
Command
To Schedule task bng file /etc/crontab: - Thit lp schedule mi 2 pht to ra file /testcron.txt vi ni dung testing crontab. Sa file /etc/crontab v thm dng sau:
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn - Restart service crond:
- Kim tra
Sau khi thy kt qu tin hnh xo dng va to /etc/crontab v restart service crond. Ngoi ra ta c th thit lp schedule task bng lnh theo trnh t nh sau: - G lnh crontab -e - Nhp schedule task ging nh nhp vo file /etc/crontab, sau lu li - xem danh sch cc schedule lp, g lnh crontab l
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Bi Lab 6: Compiling the linux kernel

1/ Kernel module: - Xem version ca kernel bng lnh:
- Dng lnh lsmod lit k cc module ca kernel:
- Dng lnh modinfo xem thng tin ca mt module:
- Dng lnh insmod insert thm mt module vo kernel:
Bo li v module ny ph thuc vo mt module khc cha c insert. Tm trong file /lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep bit mi quan h ph thuc.
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn Insert li theo th t sau:
- Dng lnh lsmod, lit k li cc module:
- Dng lnh rmmod remove 2 module va insert. - Ch : phi remove theo th t ngc li.
- Lit k module li kim tra 2/ Compiling kernel: - Download source kernel t trang kernel.org. - bin dch c kernel, cn ci b C compiler. Xem li phn ci t bi trc. - Gii nn gi source: - To file config. C th to file config: o make config: dng text file, mn hnh hin ra nhiu cu hi, tr li ln lt. o make menuconfig: dng ha, (kiu ha trn DOS), d s dng hn. o make xconfig: giao din ha. o make oldconfig: ly li file config c. - Sau khi to file config, ln lt thc hin nhng lnh sau tin hnh bin dch kernel: o make dep: kim tra s ph thuc gia nhng file C. o make clean: dn dp nhng file bin dch c, c th c to ra trong gi source. o make bzImage: to kernel image. o make modules: bin dch nhng module chn la.
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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn o make modules_install: nhng module bin dch s c a vo /lib/modules/kernel-version. Kernel image v initrd c a vo /boot/. Vi vic bin dch kernel, vi mi kernel c th c cc li khc nhau. (V source kernel khng ng). Ty theo tnh hung v phn on, s c nhng sa cha nhng file C trong source kernel.
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Athena Lab Linux Phan I + II

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TRUNG TM O TO QUN TR V AN NINH MNG ATHENA 2 Bis inh Tin Hong, P. a Kao, Q.1, TP.

HCM Tel: (84-8) 38244041 0989012418 www.athena.edu.vn

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bi Lab 1: Installing Linux as a Server

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Tin trnh ci t bt u. - Chn Next.

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Chn ngn ng trong sut qu trnh ci t. - Chn English chn Next.

Chn keyboard thch hp. - Chn U.S. English chn Next.

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Nhp vo mt khu chn OK chn Next. - Thit lp cu hnh mng

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Chn Edit cu hnh Network Devices

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Chn Next. - Chn khu vc a l ca h thng

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Chn Close chn Next. - H thng sn sn ci t

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Chn Continue. - Chng trnh ang c ci t

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- Ci t thnh cng, v reboot li h thng

Chn Reboot. - Khi ng ln u tin sau khi ci t

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- First boot wizard xut hin

Chn Forward. - Cho php Firewall

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Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Chn Forward. - Chn ngy gi cho h thng

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Chn Forward. - H thng s kim tra Sound card

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Chn Forward. - Ci thm software t cc CDs khc

Chn Finish. - Login vo h thng

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Nhp vo username Enter.

Nhp password Enter. - Mn hnh giao din ho

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

IV: Resize kch thc partition ca Linux:

- Thc hin cc thao tc delete, new, resize kch thc partition:

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bi Lab 2: Package Management

Mn hnh Package Manager.

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

Xem v i chiu vi l thuyt cc option khi s dng lnh rpm.

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

=> lit k cc packages c tn bt u l samba.

rpm qa | grep samba

=> lit k cc packages c tn cha samba.

=> lit k cc files ti liu lin quan n samba.

=> lit k cc thng tin m t gi samba.

Bin son: Nguyn Tr Thc Lu Hnh Ni B

=> lit k cc tp tin cu hnh ca samba.

* Gii thch ngha ca cc tu chn dng