‘a Gtucial Stenco H Chat fi a x Gagmatowcal | tion Optical ns = SM otro Se a ear —— hfmalonal |‘Structural Isomerism Same molecular formula and different bond pattern but different arrangement of atoms or groupsof atoms within the molecules. Chain Isomerism Due to different arrangements of carbon atoms leading to linear| and branched chains. Fore, oh H,C—CH,—CH,—CH,, Hj\C—CH—CH, Raa ist Position Ilsomerism ‘Due to different positions of side chains, substituents, functional groups, double bonds, triple bonds, etc. on the parent chain. For| eg. H,C=CH—CH,—CHy,H;C—CH=CH—CH, ae, mae Functional Isomerism Due to presence of different functional groups. For e.g, HyC—CH,—OH, H,;C—O—CH, tn eae Metamerism ‘Arises when different alkyl groups are attached to the same functional group. For e.g, 1H,C—CH,—O—CH,—CH, H,C—O—CH,—CH,—CH, vil corps "Sate prog econ Tautomerism ‘Tautomers have different functional groups and exist in dynamic. ‘equilibrium with each other due toa rapid interconversion from. ‘one form to another and the phenomenon is known as tautomerism. It is also called as desmotropism or kryptotropism ‘orprototropy: orallelo-tropism. Fores, I I HyC—C—CH, == HyC—C=CH, pase efor) "holo Keto-enol tataneri OH jou HC-N) = H,C=N No Nitromethane’ (ccioem) (oto Fo) roc tautomerism Diastereoisomers J+ Chiral molecules having different arrangement of groups or atoms Jat onc or more (but notall) of the equivalent stereacentres. ‘Stereo isomerism Same molecular formula and bond pattern but different | arrangement of atoms or groups of atomsin space. Geometrical Isomerism Same structural formula but differ in the spatial] arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms about double| bond (C=CorC=N orN=N). ‘Two substituents (usually, alkyl and hydroxyl) on} Jatkyl and hydroxyl) on thesamesideoftheplane. | the opposite side of the Zisassigned to an isomer in which high priority toms or groups are on in which high priority Se rerpaars the opposite sides. "Ned = Bulkier uyc/ Ny BP [Same molecular formula but differing only in the behaviour towards polarised light are called optical ‘* Chiral molecules with one or more stereo centres, ‘+ Non-superimposable mirror images. + No symmetry. Molecules with multiplestereocentres, + Internal plane of symmetry thus, optically inactive.Renee Be cox exa ae : | H-C=N == ie Hydstogen a Cyanide anol meee. say fous « ane —— H-N=C H no ae ae te ocsrani ate