Electronics

Electronics is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science of electronics and its
applications published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics
(PTZE) is affiliated with Electronics and their members receive a discount on article processing charges.

 Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
 High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other
databases.

 Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q2 (Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

 Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 14.4
days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.3 days (median values for papers published in
this journal in the second half of 2022).

 Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling
them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.

 Companion journals for Electronics include: Magnetism, Signals, Network and Software.

Impact Factor: 2.690 (2021); 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.657 (2021)

subject Imprint Information    get_app Journal Flyer      Open Access     ISSN: 2079-9292

Latest Articles
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Open AccessArticle
ML-Based Traffic Classification in an SDN-Enabled Cloud Environment
by 

Omayma Belkadi
,

Alexandru Vulpe
,
 Yassin Laaziz
 and

Simona Halunga
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020269 (registering DOI) - 05 Jan 2023
Abstract 
Traffic classification plays an essential role in network security and management; therefore, studying traffic in
emerging technologies can be useful in many ways. It can lead to troubleshooting problems, prioritizing specific
traffic to provide better performance, detecting anomalies at an early stage, etc. [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence in the New Era of
Communication Networks)
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D.O.T. PAQUITOP, an Autonomous Mobile Manipulator for Hospital Assistance
by 

Luigi Tagliavini
,

Lorenzo Baglieri
,
 Giovanni Colucci
,

Andrea Botta
,

Carmen Visconte
 and

Giuseppe Quaglia
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020268 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
The use of robotic technologies for caregiving and assistance has become a very interesting research topic in the
field of robotics. Towards this goal, the researchers at Politecnico di Torino are developing robotic solutions for
indoor assistance. This paper presents the D.O.T. PAQUITOP [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Robots: Design, Sensing and Control)

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A Method for Calculating the Derivative of Activation Functions Based on
Piecewise Linear Approximation
by 
 Xuan Liao
,

Tong Zhou
,

Longlong Zhang
,

Xiang Hu
 and

Yuanxi Peng
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020267 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
Nonlinear functions are widely used as activation functions in artificial neural networks, which have a great
impact on the fitting ability of artificial neural networks. Due to the complexity of the activation function, the
computation of the activation function and its derivative requires [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep
Learning Application)

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Electric Vehicle Powertrains with Modular Battery Banks Tied to Multilevel
NPC Inverters
by 

Sergio Busquets-Monge
,

Salvador Alepuz
,

Gabriel García-Rojas
 and

Josep Bordonau
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020266 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
Nowadays, the internal combustion engine in vehicles is being replaced by electric motors, giving way to the
electric vehicle, which results in reduced environmental impact, higher efficiency and lower emission of
greenhouse gases. The powertrain of an electric vehicle is its most prominent [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles)

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Transformer Fault Warning Based on Spectral Clustering and Decision Tree
by 
 Hongli Liu
,

Junchao Chen
,

Ji Li
,

Lei Shao
,

Lei Ren
 and
 Lihua Zhu
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020265 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
The insufficient amount of sample data and the uneven distribution of the collected data across faults are key
factors limiting the application of machine learning in power transformer fault warning, as demonstrated by the
poor adaptability of the established data-driven models under actual [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Topic Optimal Planning, Integration and Control of Smart Grids and Microgrids
Systems)

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1/f Additive Phase Noise Analysis for One-Port Injection-Locked Oscillators
by 

Inwon Suh
,

Patrick Roblin
 and

Youngseo Ko
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020264 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
The additive phase noise of one-port injection-locked oscillators is experimentally characterized and analyzed
using a simple analytic model based on the generalized Kurokawa theory. To experimentally verify the prediction
of the simple analytic model proposed, two negative-conductance [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Test of Microwave Circuits and Subsystems)

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HW-ADAM: FPGA-Based Accelerator for Adaptive Moment Estimation
by 

Weiyi Zhang
,

Liting Niu
,

Debing Zhang
,

Guangqi Wang
,
 Fasih Ud Din Farrukh
 and

Chun Zhang
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020263 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
The selection of the optimizer is critical for convergence in the field of on-chip training. As one second moment
optimizer, adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) shows a significant advantage compared with non-moment
optimizers such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and first-moment optimizers such as [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS))

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Improvement of Retinal Vessel Segmentation Method Based on U-Net
by 

Ning Wang
,

Kefeng Li
,
 Guangyuan Zhang
,

Zhenfang Zhu
 and

Peng Wang
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020262 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
Retinal vessel segmentation remains a challenging task because the morphology of the retinal vessels reflects
the health of a person, which is essential for clinical diagnosis. Therefore, achieving accurate segmentation of the
retinal vessel shape can determine the patient’s physical condition in a [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Machine Learning Technologies for Biomedical Applications)

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Human Activity Recognition for the Identification of Bullying and
Cyberbullying Using Smartphone Sensors
by 

Vincenzo Gattulli
,
 Donato Impedovo
,

Giuseppe Pirlo
 and

Lucia Sarcinella
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020261 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
The smartphone is an excellent source of data; it is possible to extrapolate smartphone sensor values and,
through Machine Learning approaches, perform anomaly detection analysis characterized by human behavior.
This work exploits Human Activity Recognition (HAR) models and techniques to identify human activity [...] Read
more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pattern Recognition and Sensor Fusion Solutions in Intelligent
Sensor Systems)

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A Detailed Survey on Federated Learning Attacks and Defenses
by 

Hira Shahzadi Sikandar

,
 Huda Waheed
,

Sibgha Tahir
,

Saif U. R. Malik
 and

Waqas Rafique
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020260 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
A traditional centralized method of training AI models has been put to the test by the emergence of data stores
and public privacy concerns. To overcome these issues, the federated learning (FL) approach was introduced.
FL employs a privacy-by-design architecture to train deep [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of AI in Wireless Communication)

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Impact of Output Conductance on Current-Gain Cut-Off Frequency in In xGa1-
xAs/In0.52Al0.48As Quantum-Well High-Electron-Mobility Transistors on InP
Substrate
by 
 Hyo-Jin Kim
,

In-Geun Lee
,

Hyeon-Bhin Jo
,

Tae-Beom Rho
,

Takuya Tsutsumi
,
 Hiroki Sugiyama
,

Hideaki Matsuzaki
,

Jae-Hak Lee
,

Tae-Woo Kim
 and

Dae-Hyun Kim
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020259 (registering DOI) - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
In this study, we investigated the impact of intrinsic output conductance (goi) on the short-circuit current-gain cut-
off frequency (fT) in InxGa1-xAs/In0.52Al0.48As quantum-well (QW) high-electron-mobility transistors. At its core,
we [...] Read more.
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Secure Multi-Party Computation of Graphs’ Intersection and Union under the
Malicious Model
by 

Xin Liu
,

Xiao-Fen Tu
,

Dan Luo
,

Gang Xu
,
 Neal N. Xiong
 and

Xiu-Bo Chen
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020258 - 04 Jan 2023
Abstract 
In recent years, with the development of information security, secure multi-party computation has gradually
become a research hotspot in the field of privacy protection. The intersection and union computation of graphs is
an important branch of secure computing geometry. At present, the intersection [...] Read more.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Analysis in Intelligent Communication Systems (ICS)