(2) oy oy my 0) ay @y 6s) () oy (2) 68) United States Patent Alek ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Applicant: William Alek, Phoenix, AZ (US) Inventor: William Alek, Phoenix, AZ (US) Assignee: William Alek, Scotts! Notice: pateat is Appl. No. 14/590,691 Subject to any diselaimer, the term of this extended or adjusted under 35 USC. 1540) by 147 days, Filed: Jan, 6, 2018 Prior Publication Data Jul. 9, 2015 US 201510104285 AL Related U.S. Application Data Provisional application No. 61/924,139 filed on Jan. 6,2014, provisional application No.61/981,417, fled fon Apr. 18, 2014. Im. cl, HIE 2724 HOLE 2728 HOLE 1704 (2006.01) HOLE 2738 (2006.01) HOLE 30/10 (2006.01) HON 1100 (2005.01) us. cl cP HOLE 2788 (201301); HOLE 30/10 (2013.01), Ho2N 1/008 (2013.01) Field of Classification CPC ... HOIF 27/245; HOIP 30/06; HOLE 27/2847 spc 336/212, 220, 221, 222, 180, 229, Se application file for complet (2006.01) (2005.01) Search 'US009620280B2 (10) Patent No: US 9,620,280 B2 (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 11, 2017 66) References Cited US. PATENT DOCUMENTS. 512380 A VIS0H Tesla 355600 A LI9TT Gal etal conse v6 4562382 4121985 ot Sassa04 A + 01990. Moms Ho2M.3337 ey 502738 4711999 Orlando ost Be 122003 Neo ea 635074 82 "62004 Staats Saosion 2 $2009 ‘Sullvan et a Sa7us29 8222013 Hunt etal 2ouuioosioes 81 3201 Hugues ta FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 2soqos AL 1/2000 TorzT6679 A 102008 (Continsed) (OTHER PUBLICATIONS ap wr nertisforum com renewablenergy/10304-bi- (oroitransformersbane-seios-2 Ma Magnetic Feld Tansformer (MFT). htppeo aca Ovetuity oms20-e20FonuntQOmembers imp Torlal Transformer Based Power Amplifier Primary Esaminer —Tsz Chas 74) Attorney, gen, or Firm — Wayne Catoll; Inspired Tea Sofutions Law Firm on) ABSTRACT A split transformer has a primary or input coil at least, {so secondary or output coils, spaced apart and arrange! in 3D, a magoetic core running through the primary and sevondary cols, a source of electiity conaected to the ‘rimary col which when turned on creates a magnet field Jn the core and eletrical wires connected to the secondary coils, each of which provides additive electricity into an ‘uiput eiteut 16 Claims, 5 Drawing SheetsUS 9,620,280 B2 Page 2 66) References Cited PORFIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ow ao12sesi7 ¥ 62000 ow Toon B 10/2011 co 200sa9875 U 112012 ra aomiorT UV 33018 cB Duast A $1924 cB Taaaoq A 121955, GB anus B 31980, wo 2012163036 AL 122012, wo orators AL "32018 * cited by examinerU.S. Patent Apr. 11,2017 Sheet 1 of 5 US 9,620,280 B2 Figure ? SECONDARY CON HE penaad oonUS 9,620,280 B2 Sheet 3 of § Apr. 11, 2017 U.S. Patent sounosg aounosg ae KOOL “Grange = AONSIOST ee Heigl =d09 SHEN 0 = 29808 ovo AyAgAgAg:. ete SHEMO << VO 'E oN avy Lo soun05) ~~, ~~ 2 oe NN WaMOd TW3u LNdino: WAMOd 3ALLOVSY INNI ors avony eamnbiy MAWHOSSNVYL XNTS-LNdS ‘TWaatUS 9,620,280 B2 Sheet 4 of 5 Apr. 11, 2017 U.S. Patent MAINO 134901 3OGING TINd vigoralt Ef Rg gg SSO) [WR peighon z ‘| bia! panty AXLINDAID WRNNO AVE XUNES: MaIsILOaY Ls 3OGINa AVM TINS NV M3AINd 39d HUS 9,620,280 B2 Sheet 5 of 5 Apr. 11, 2017 U.S. Patent - = ag aunty _ = - ee ee ASEUS 9,620,280 B2 1 BNERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM RELATED APPLICATIONS ‘This pplication claims the benefit of pending U.S. Sex No. 61/981.417 filed Apr. 18, 2014, and the benefit of pending US. Ser. No. 61/924,139, filed Jan. 6,2014, both of Which are hereby incorporated by reference ‘TECHNICAL FIELD. ‘The present invention relates to an enerey management system employing an improved eplitox transformer ‘desjuned for greater energy produetion BACKGROUND Traditional transformers have been in vse for over 100 years. They are used broadly in electronic and electrical power applications, where they are essential for the trans- mission, distribution and utilization of electricity. They are ‘ised to transform input power, typically accesible power at 120V AC, toa higher or ower voltage output appropriate for the wse. Transformer physies shows that only input real power ean he transformed to output real power With aa ‘overall efiiency of less than 100%. One typeof power loss js eddy current losses (minimized by insulation), Trans ‘ers transfer energy by inductive coupling between its wound, is and circuits. One coil i the primary el, while others referred to as secondary. Rasically a varying current passing through the primary coil ereates a magnetic fox in the transformer's eore which in turn produces a magnetic fox through the secondary coils. The magnetie ux in the secondary coils induces a varying and usually different ‘electromotive free of voltage, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, there is provided a spit-flux trans- former with a primary or input col, atleast two secondary ‘or output coils, spaced spartan arranged in 3D, 2 mantic ‘core runaing through the primary and secondary coils, & source of electricity connected to the primary coil which when tumed on creates a magnetic fled in the core, and clecrical wires connected to the secondary coils, cach of Which provides additive eleticity ito an output circuit BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fora further understanding of the objets and advantages ‘of the present invention, reference should be had tthe following detailed desription, taken in conjunetion with the ‘accompanying drawing, in which like parts are given ike reference numbers and wherein FIG. 1 displays an earlier split-Mux transformer prototype FIG. 2 isa schematic ofthe split- fox transformer showing the location of the primary and secondary coils and the TIG, i a schematic ofthe “ideal” spit-lux transformer showing a different configuration of the cores, input and ‘output power, as well as graphs and results; and TIG. 4 is schematic ofthe transformer charging power siren. TIGS, Sa and Sb show a configuration (FIG. 8) of the split-ox transformer similar to that shown in FIG. 3 and an ditional model (FIG. $5) wherein there ae three separate ‘cores, similar to FIG, 2 0 o 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS ‘The disclosed energy management system (EMS) is based ‘on an improved wansformer configuration refered to a8 a split trinsformer. The new disclosed arrangements may allow the use of greatly reduced input real power to the Primary coil, resting in a significant improvement in eficeney, by redirecting the opposing magnetomotive force (eamfsee,) produced by the secondary coils away’ from the srimary coil magnetomotive foree (miming) tough aa fallemate Hux path This new design can be used ina plethora of devices that curently use baitery power resulting in a. sipnifcant ‘improvement in efficiency. These devices can include but are fot limited to, elect bikes, scooters, wheelchairs, autos, homes, and ell phone towers. The basie system is shown in FIG. 1, an early split-lux \tonsformer (SFT) prototype, Not wishing w be bound by a particular theory, it appears that my new transformer design rediscts the input magnetomotive forees prodvced by the Primary coil Mux in two fertomagnete cores rom the ‘opposing magnetomotive forces prochiced by the socondary cis, This allows almost all of electic energy supplied to the primary coil to be returned ack to the source. Thus, the primary col eleetic energy is almost entirely reactive. The Primary coi flux is split equally in two with each half inducing an output voltage in the secondary set of eols. The secondary outpit voltages are determined by the ratio of tums between the primary input coil and the socondary ‘utat coils. The secondary set of cols fas a common third ‘core, Which has a erost-seetional area much greater than the fist two cores. This configuration allows the opposing maznetomotive forces produced by the secondary coils to be almost entirely redirected from the input magnetomotive orees produced by the primary coil flux. The secondary ‘output evils have a bifilrike coil rangement that greatly redvee the output impedance, “The following table shows « summary computation: Rel Power Parg~ (Apt Pome) ay Power Wha, (VAD Appa Power ~~ Vales Power Factors) ea Power) % oro Vans) sic he power inthe par i sete ace or = 9% xB Yo espsn() =O Wat The abave diagram shows how input eal power (Pz) 8 calculated. The input eument (as) ase angle () ahvays Jags the voage (Vg) by slg less than 90°. This is doe to nsistive loses inthe primary col and small opposing rmagnetomotive force (amt) cased By the secondary Coil. Almost all ofthe opposing magnetomotive force po- duced by the secondary coils is dicted away from the mary coil (F1G. 2) This mls a avery low amount of Japut real power deliver to the primary oiUS 9,620,280 B2 3 The fellow equations were used to develop a computer snodel ofthe spisfux transformer 1. The mietomotive free mmf (amperes): mmm, where ithe magnetic Mx in the core; and, FF the relictance ofthe core, ampere tums, weber. s 2° The magnetomotive force mnt (ampere tims), mn 1, where Tis the cure in amperes; andN ste numberof tutes of wire round the cre The magnetomotive force mmf (amper-tums), sumnf-H], wher H the magnetic fel intensity (Ampere tumnsineter; and 1, the effete length of the magnetic 4 Tho reluctance Rm (ampere-tum/webe) of the core, RW HAVA, where, sie effective length ofthe magnetic eireit in ameter isthe permeability of vac or x10" weber! Amperestum-meter the relative magnet permeability Of the core material (dimensoa-es), Ay ite erose-sc- tinal effective area ofthe magnetic cnet I square mets; {1s the absolute magnetic permeability auch ja). The magnetic fx density B weber) s valid up saturation af the core, sch tha Bry Hy H, Where piste atoll magnetic pommeailiy, yu, (webesampere-tm- inj His the magnetic field intensity or magnetiing force (amperes): isthe permeability of the vacuum oF -4ax10”” weberampere-turn-m:; 41, is the relative magnetic permeability ofthe core material (dimersion-es). 6 The tal ue & (bers) eau a D-DXA,-T LUN, were B isthe magnetic hx density (weber m?) Ais the cross-sectional effostve area ofthe magnetic eieut in ime [is thecurent amperes) isthe inductance of he cll Cheng) and N isthe umber of tums of wire around the "7 The indetance of the coi is cleusted with L~A, Nox10™, where L isthe inductance ofthe coil eaten! turn’) is the inductance factor given by core manufac- turer (natohenryftum’); Nis the numberof tums or wire sound the core ‘The inductance factor of the core is calculated as A, 10-IR, where Ry is the rlnctanee of the coe fam pereturns/rcher) 9. The core factor is calculated as, follows: 2 where ELA s the core factor (mete), I is the elective Jeuuth of the magnet cuit (mA, is the es Seetonal clletve area of the magnetic ict (1?) 10, The indeed voltage emt ¥) actos a cos cateuated ss emt-N d/h, where N isthe numer of tins of wire ‘round the ore; and da sth changing Aux over ine "This enemy’ management system i specially’ designed 0 ressue,eolet and store excess energy priced hy the tpl trsformer in energy reservoirs such ax bticies OF ulcespaciton. As shown in FIG. 4, the system is ‘ontoled preferably by a programed chip in particu {PICROEODITA, 16-bit microcontaller to meastre inp ‘output voltages and eres, calcite celicint of perfor mance (COP) or efitieney, and contins special software gor for a complete “urn-ke” sytem that can oper ine. 24 hours a day With Title or no maintenanee. The imicocoatoller operates an TTbridge diver tat sults Aan AC sine wave Using a pulse width modulate waveform ‘This waveform dives the pinay input col, The secondary ‘output coils of the transformer are wired in series and ‘comactd to fillwave hedge rectifier. In ene embodi- ment, the rected DC opt is connec to and charges an fenegy reece "tn the energy management system is provided with sppliances with batteries, the EMS keep the ateies filly 0 o 4 charged; no other input power source is required, The EMS ‘maintains proper batery recharging power through a special slf-charging process. The EMS is equipped with a circuit board that operates by receiving power from a rechargeable battery. The microcontroller located on the eieuit board and driven by a software program operates an H-bridge driver circuit that transforms direct current (DC) from the battery to altemating current (AC) and delivers the AC current to the circuit board's input primary coil. The output current of the MS is rectifiod on the citeuit board using a full-wave bridge rectifier. The output current from the retilier is elivered back to the rechargeable battery All eurrents and voltages coming from and delivered t0 the rechargeable battery pack were monitored by the ‘optional microcontroller using. special interface circuits Jocated on the eiruit board. The microcontroller software srogeam uses this information to determine the optimal charging rates and maximum charging voltage by eontal- Ting the pulse-width modulation (PWM) of the H-bridge river, In addition, all curents and voltages coming fom and jax transformer are monitored by the special interface eireuits located on the circuit board. The microcontroller software prognim ‘uses this information to deteanine the overall ellcieney of the split-fux transformer “The microcontroller communicates to an operator using 8 hhuman-interface device equipped with a keyboard. and alphanumeric display. Tn addition, the microcontroller also communicates with 3 Japtop computer for date-logging purposes. It should be understood that the circuits used to determine the overall ficiency. for the human interface and to perform data Jogging Were useful ro test my invention butane not essential in most inventive uses, Tn operation, the system causes the split-fx transformer (SFT) to function as a pumped phase conjugate mirror (PPCM), which transforms conjugated electromagnet (EM) energy to real EM energy. Very high transformer cficiencies have been realized with tis technology. ‘The PPCM occurs by spliting the fx equally berween the to transformer cores, The to cores include secondary ‘wit eoils wrapped around each eore and wired in such @ ‘ay thit the resulting magnetomotive forees oppose one another. This isa special bifilar output coil configuration, has a benefit of pray lowering the output imped- ance of the coils. The output coils may be wired in sries oF in parallel In addition to lowering the output impedance of the oils, Title power reflected back tothe primary due to the mutual coupling of the ols, Therefore, power delivered to the srimary col is highly conserved and not wasted on imped- "Nuclear non-tecol ation emits both real EM wave and its phase-conjugated replica EM wave. While the real EM wave sa time-forward wave, its phase-conugated replica wave is time-reversed. The phase-conjugated timesreversed wave is resent everywhere in the universe as negative energy and is Utilized and transformed by the PPCM as real EM energy. Example 1 ‘eal Spli-Flux Transformer FIG. 3 isa schematic of the ideal split-ux transformer with the primary coil wound around two separate, but equal cores. This effectively splits the lox in half for each coreUS 9,620,280 B2 5 Because the primary coil is assumed to be ideal, all the power delivered to te el is seat hack tothe source. Hence, no total power (Pry) i consumed onthe primary sie and the coil is considered to be completely reactive. On the sccondary side, the to identical coils are Wound around & single core, and they behave like a single bfilr-ike col The magnetic fox produced from the primary sid is phys cally isolated from the secondary side. However, the peimary XX produces an opposing magnetomotive force in the secondary core from the secondary coils, which ix only present in the secondary core due 1 its mech lower relue- lance. The opposing secondary magnetomotive forces are ‘essentially decoupled from the primary flux. Because the secondary coils are wound in biflla-fke configuration, the ‘opposing magnetomotive forces are dtected towards each collier causing real power to be delivered to the load. This means the Toad voltage and load current are perfectly in-phase with each other and the real power rn) is always finite. The Coellicient of Performance (COP) and the ‘overall effiency of the Ideal Split-Flux transformer ean now be determine Since Puoges-o Wats COP-PLoa/Psovncs Prowl” Elcieney-P,oup/PeoenceX100%2° Ifthe spliteflix transformer were indeod ideal, its efi ‘ciency would appecach infinity. Example 2 A Practical Split-Flux Transformer FIG. 1 shows my earlier experimental splits trans former tha T tested with results shown below. This rans- ormer decompled the input ferromagnetic care fx from the ‘opposing core magnetomotive forces produced by bifilar like output coils. Therefore, almost all of the energy supplied to the system was returned back to the source due 10 the reactive action of the system. This particular arrangement of the dual secondary coils allowed both coils to generate ‘electricity without interfering with the highly efficient pi mary coil, T controled the system with a Microchip SPICSOF6OLIA, 16-bit microcontroller that was. pro rammed to measure inpot and output voltages and currents, as well as to calculate COP. This microcontroller also ‘contained special sofware algorithms for a complete “m= key" energy management system that can operate 24 hours day. The system featured a user interlace, whieh allowed the development of wide range of upplicaions that use @ standard hardwarelsoftware platform framework (FIG. 4). | used a dual trace scope to measure the phase angle between the voltage and the current. Ia one embodiment, all coils used 22 AWG (American wire gage) copper magnet wire Core material was permalloy #50031-1D from Magnetics, Ine. The abbreviations used in the following tables were defined above and also appear in the figures. Peer Say Ge Sal 0 o 6 ‘nay Sat Racin Secu Se Bet wae ign Foes = enc lame 28 7) = 92 Wats "These results indicated that the inventive energy manage at system produced mone energy than it consumed so that itean be attached to rechargeable batteries which are thereby constantly recharged. This system ean avoid the down-time ‘that many rechargeable battery poswered device experience "Two addtional prototypes are shown ia FIGS, So and $B. ‘These prototypes though of diferent designs wilized Met= alas brand amorphous alloy metal cres. Although there are ‘many known materials for the cores, preferred material for the cores is an amorphous glass metal alloy that can be ‘magnetized and demagnesized quickly and elletively. ‘As ean be seen from the foregoing examples, its possible to connect the various components in a variety of way’ that ll represent the invention, Furthermore, as can be seen from the foregoing examples, some of the components ean be omitted oF routed aroin Tor the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles ofthe invention, eference will now be made to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the dmwings, and specific lait will be used 10 deseribe the same, It will severacless be understood that 0 imitation of the seope of the invention is hereby intended. Any alterations and further ‘modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and ‘any adktional application ofthe principles ofthe invention fas illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, ae t0 be considered svithin the scope of the invention. Reference throughout this specification to an “embod ment.” an “example” of similar language means that particular feature, structure, charactristie, or combinations thereo! deseribed in connection with the embodiment is included in atleast one emboxtiment of the present invention. ‘Thus appearances of the phrases an “embodiment.” and “example,” and similar language throughout this specifca- tion may, but_do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment, to different embodiments, of to one or more of the figures. Additional, reference to the words “embodi- ‘ment, “example” or the like for two or more features, elements, et, does not mean that the features are necessar ily related, dissimilar, the same, etc. Fach statement of an embodiment or example is 10 be considered independent of any other statement of an ‘embodiment despite aay use of similar o identical language characterizing each embodiment. ‘Therefore, where an embodiment is identified as “another embodiment,” the {dentfied embodiment is independent of any other embod ments characterized by the language “another embodiment ‘The features, functions and the like deseribed herein are ceansidered tobe abe 1 be combined in whole or in part one ‘with another as the claims andlor ant_may dlret, either Girelly or indirectly, implicitly or explicitly. "As sed hercin, “comprising,” “including,” “containing. is." “are “characterized by.” and grammatical equivalenUS 9,620,280 B2 1 thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not ‘exclude additional unrected clements or method steps “Comprising” isto be interpreted broadly and including the ‘more restrictive terms “consisting of and “consisting essen- ‘ally of” ‘Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar ange does not imply tht all of Tealures and axivantages that may be realized with the present invention should be orate in any single embodimnent ‘of the invention, Rather, language referring to the Features ‘and advantages is understood to mean that specifi feat, ‘advantage oF characteristic describe ia connection with a ‘embosiiment i included in atleast one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, discussion of the features and advantages, and similar language, throvghout this specifi ‘cation may, but docs not necessarily, refer to the same ‘embosdiment. Purthermore, the described features, advantages, and ‘characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, One skilled ia the relevant art will recognize that the invention ean be practiced without one oF more of the specific eatures oF fdvantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, ‘additional features. and advantages may be recognized in ‘certain embodiments that may not be present in all embod mens of the invention, The invention claim is 1A split flux transformer comprising an input evil; 's fist output coil, anda second output cil spaced apart «a first magnetic Core ning through the input coil and the first output coil; and a second magnetic core run- ‘ing through the input evil and the second output col land a third magnetic core that is common to the Fist ‘output coil and the second output exil; 4a source of electricity connected t the input col whieh ‘when turned on eretes a first magnetic ux in the fist imujgnetic core producing Hist Now of current in the first ousput coil which induces first magnetomotive force in the third magnet core, wherein the source of cletrcity ereates a second magnetic flux in the second ‘magnetic core producing a second low of current in the second output oil Which indvces a second magneto> motive force in the third magnetic core, and wherein the frst magnotomotive force is opposed tothe second ‘mujgnetomotive foree; and «local wires connected tothe frst and socond output coils to deliver elecsial energy to an output iret 2. The spit ux transformer of eam 1 wherein the firs, ‘output coil and the second output col are serially connected, 8 3. The split tux transformer of claim 1 wherein the first ‘ouiput coil and the second output coil are connected in parallel. “4 The split fx transformer of eins 1 wherein the first ‘magnetic core has a ist eoss-sectonal area, andthe second ‘magnetic core has a second cross-sectional atea that is substantially the seme as the first eros-sectional are and wherein the chiel magnetic core bas 4 eross-sectional area that i greater than the first cross-sectional area 5. The split ux vansformer of claim 1 wherein the source of eletricity includes a battery and a microcontroller that produces a pulse width modulated alterating current 6. The split Muy transformer of claim 5 further compris- ing: ‘an input current sensor connected to measure input eur rent atthe input evil ‘an culpat current sensor connected {o measure output ‘current of the electrical energy delivered to the output 7. The split flax transformer of claim 6 wherein power delivered 10 the ioput coil is varied By the microcoatrler based on the measured input current and the measured output current 8. The split Mux transformer of claim 7 wherein the erocontoller varies input power by varying the pulse ‘width modulation 9. The split ox wansformer of claim 6 further comprising ‘ahuman-interface deviee including a keyboard and a display communicatively connected fo the microcontroller. 10, The split fu transformer of claim 9 further compis- ing a computer with a memory, and wherein the measured ‘ipa current and the measured input current are stored as data in the memory. 11. The split fax transformer of claim 1 wherein the input coil, the fist output eo, and the second output coil are fnranged along separste portions ofa triangle 12, The split ux transformer of claim I wherein the frst ‘outpat coil, and the second output coil are bifilar coil, 13. The split fx transformer of claim I wherein the frst flow of current and the second low of current are substan- silly equal 14, The split fx transformer of claim 1 wherein the frst ‘output coil and the second output coil ave the samme number of tens, 15, The split fx transformer of claim 14 wherein the input coil has atleast tice a many tensa the first output coil 16, The split flux transformer of elaim 1 wherein the third ‘magnetic core includes an amogphous metal alley.