wean ‘Sarthe Tea or Buk Demy "UN Veg) an ken Aes Standard Method of Test for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate AASHTO Designation: T19M/T 19-18 <=anIa [ASTM Designation: €29/¢ 296-09 AASHIO SCOPE Listen cover tein ob sty Cit est) freq na conc ce loose coneton, and calcdated volds beeen parle In fine, cdr, or med agreates based on Oe Same determinate Tis test meas applicable to agoresates nat exceeding 88 mm (Sin nominal nau se, Note 1—Unt weight ise traonl temindogy used to desc the property termine by his est, method which welght per uit vue (more ae, mass pr unt vlame o desi) 12, ‘The values stated in ether inch-pound units o acceptable metic nts are tobe regarded seperately as standard as appropiate fer a specteaon wih wich hs fet methods used. Anoxception sw egrd {seve sires and roils of agregate In whch the metic valine are the tard as sated n ASTM E11 Within the tet cy pound uns are shonn in rackets. The vals sated nese system mey Nt be exact equvalents; therefore, each system must be used ieependeny ofthe oh, witha eomtanng vale ay. 13 ‘This stand may involve hezardous matral, operations, ar equipment This sandard does not purport {to adress lof the safety problems assocatd wih use. Ii the responatty ofthe user ths ‘standart extabsh appropriate safety and heath rates and determine te appcabity of eultory lta pero use ee 21 ASO Standards: +H 92 Wiel Seves for Testing Purposes 1 M23, Weighing Dences Used nthe Testing of Mates 1+ 72 Sampling of Aggreptes 184 Space Gravy and Absrpion of Fine Agregete 1785 Spee Gravy and Absrpon of Corse Agaregste ‘+ TAZIN/T 12, Deny (Unt Welt, Vik and Ae Content (Gravimetric) of Conrete 7268, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Sue 22, ASTM Sanda + 29/¢ 29H, Standard Test Method fr Buk Dent Unit Wei) ane Vols in Agregate + © 125, Sandard Teminclogy Resting to Corre and Concrete Aggreptes * C4670, Sancrd Practice fer Preparing Precsion and Gas Sateen fr Test Maha er Construction Patera + 9123, Standard Terminclgy Relating to Texties ‘+ E11, Standard Speccaton for Woven Wire Test Seve Cth and Test Seves Ey TERMINOLOGY 34 detntons—defintions are in acardnce with ASTM C125 unless others inate 3.11, bulk dest, of aggregate, the mas oun velume of bulk aggregate materi in wtich the volume Incas the volume of he Invi pares are te volume ofthe voids between be prties. Expressed inky) SLL saision nits of mass ae the klogram (the pound (), units derived fam these, Mas may also apiece rh 34P at. Teaepte ome @ewan Sed edt Testo Buk Dea CURR) Vn Acro be vale as equivalent ner, oF the resistance fered by a body to charge of melon accelraon). Moses are core by weg the des whch arnt Congr We csc ava ache 3.4.2. _utweight, weight (mass) per uit volume, (Deprecated term—use preferred term Yuk ders") 312.1, dscussion-the term weit means the fre of gravy acing onthe mass. 3.13, weight; nthe force exert ona body by gravity, (Se aso mass.) 31134. dscssion-weight sequal tothe mass ofthe bay mulled by te acceleration duet gravy. Weight maybe expressed in abso unt (nears, pounds) or gana nts (gb) fr seam on the soe of te earth a body ita mass f1kg Rasa weight oF 1 ka epprommitely 9.81) or Body witha moss of 1b has @ weight of 1b (aprox 4.45 Wor 32.2 pounce) Becauee weigh egal {mass times the eceleration de to gravy, he weight of a dy wil vary with ston aber oe ‘welts determine, wile the mass o the Body reas constrk. On he auc te ety te force of ‘avy imports to aby tats fee to fal an acceleration of apronimaty 9:81 ws! [32.2 Re, ASTM D ia, 32 Descriptors oF Tens: 321, vids, nin unit volue of agaregats, the space between parties nan egoregte mas not ocped by ‘old ineral mate. 3214. dscusion—vods wit partes, ether permeate cr imprest, are rtince in voids as Getermined byt ior 8. ‘SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 44. This test metho is often used to determine bulk dersty values tet are nacessary er use for many ‘methods of selecing proprtons for concrete maxes 42, The bk densty ao may be used for determing mas) volume relator for conversions in prose agreements, However, the elatonshipbenveen degree of compacton cf agjresstes In aug ctor Stocked and ht achieved in his method is unknown Further, aprepatsn fling wt nd oxxpes \wuely contain absorbed are srface masse (he ltr afscng bung), whale is method detrnanes ‘te buk deety ona dry bass, 43. | procedure nue for cmoutg the percentage of volds between the agoregte parties based onthe ball erty determine by thi met, 5 APPARATUS 5 ‘Sslance—The balance shall have suficiert apact, be readable 0.1 peer of te sample mass, or beter, and conform to the requrerents of #23. 52 Taping Rod—A round stright sel rod, 16 me in. a ameter and apprnaely 60 en [24 nn leo having one en rounded toa hemispherical ip of the same diameter othe od 53, Measure—A clinical metal mensixe, preferably provided with hades. It shal be watertight, wth the op ‘dl bottom we and even and sufidenyriid rezan form unde rough usage. The measure shoud havea height approximatsy equa toe ameter, bain na cae shal the het bless an BD perc Sr more than 150 perce of he diameter. The copay of te measur shal ener fo he btn Zale forthe sogregete sz o be tested, The tikes of metal nthe measure shall bees described in Tle 3, ‘The top rim shel be smooth ed lane win 0.25 mim [0.01] and shal be paral to the btn win (05 degrees (loi 2). The ier wall of he measure shall be 2 moot and Cobos Surface, ‘Table 4—Capocty of Measures epi ie repr gH Pe Tete Oot PsSar aT uk ey UR a en a Nominal Maximum Size of Aggregate Capacity of Measure* mm in Low) © Bs 2800028) Yip oo 9300093) a5 401) ‘h 8 3 280028) 1 0 4 70 (0070) 2h bss 100 (0.100) wh The indkeated sie of measure sal be wed o text agate of nominal maximum size equal oor smart tha std ‘The actual volume ofthe measure shel be a eas 9S pecs of ‘he oominal volume listed "Note 2—The top im sotto pane 0.25 mm [0.1 in] fer gauge cannot be inserted between therim and pece of 6 mm [in] or tcker pate dass aid over the measre The top and etm are satsfactrly peal if he slope between pees of plate lass carac hte ep and tom doesnot ‘exceed 0.87 prcertin ary arctan 524. Ifthe messire os to be used fr testing fr blk deny of reshy mixed conse according toT {2IN/T 12, the measure shal be mace of stele ter suitable meta nok ebay subject tack by ‘cement Reactive materials suchas eluminam alloys are permite, whereas a aneaquece of an tal eocton a srace fms formed tat protects the metal agast turer cores, 532, Measures larger than ronal 24. [1-9] capcty sal be made of ste for, othe minum ttckneses of metal I In Tale 2 shld be stat creased, ‘Table 2-Requremens for Meosies Thieknes of Metal Min ‘Upper 17 in or 38:mm Resnander of Capacity of Measure Bou ‘Wall Wall Tashan “Dm 25m 2S HL, nl 50mm SDmm 30mm (ver 42 0 901 int 10mm Gam 38m (Orr 840135, it bone 75m ‘Som Lesthmo4 020i 010i 010i 04 Pa LSA ia 020% 020i 124 Ove 151024 nel 040%. 025i. sin Oner240 401 nl 050i 030 in 020, ‘7M np pb i al a ab a inal sp Te 54 ‘Shovel r Scoop shovel or scoop of convert sie or ling the measure wih goegae, 5s. CettraonEapment S54, fate Glass—A plece of late gas, a ast mm [hn] hick aa east 25 men large than the damier of the measure tobe calratd, 552 Grease-A sippy of water isobble grease, "Note 3—Petricum ey, vacuum grease, war pup grease, or chasis grease are examples of sable rater ued to form a Sel between fe glass plate ond mensre, sutras HAH MPa Teepe OatesSone Tet Bk ay CUR) ma i nk 553. Temometr—A thermometer having a range of at ast 10 to 32°C [50 to SOF] and that readable to at lease 5H (1 554, Balance balance as described in Section 6, 6 SAMPLING a 6a, bin the sample n accordance wth T 2, and reduce to est sample sen ocofonce with T 248 7 SAMPLE a ~~ 7a, ‘The sizeof sample shal be approximately 125 to 200 percent ofthe quatty requred to fl the measire ar ‘Sal be handed in 8 maner to avoid segregaton, Dry te sample of spprepate to consart masy, eferaty nan oven at 110 # °C [230.4 9). CALIBRATION OF MEASURE ~ ot Measures shall be recairatd at lest once a yer or whenever ther season tc question the acuay of ‘he carat, 82 Pace thin layer of grease on therm ofthe measure to prevent eakage of wate fom the measur. 83. Determine the mass ofthe late lass and measure to the nearest 0.05 kg (0.1 84, Filtbe measure with water thats at com temperature and cover with the pate gas in sch a way ato mina bubbles ard excess vate. Remove ary water at may have overionce olathe meas or pate ges, 8s Determine the mass ofthe water, at lass, and measure to he nearest 0.05 kg [0b 86, ‘Measure he temperate of the water to the nearest 05°C [1°] and determine its density fom Tabi 3 Inerpoling ¥recessary. ‘Table 3-Desiy of Woter ‘Temperature c F ke/m? swe? 156 6 999.01 02.366 183 6s 99854 62.336 2. 70 99797 62.301 @o (34) (997.54) (62.274) 239 15 997.32 62.261 267 80 996.59 2216 204 85 99583 62.166 82. Clete te volume, Vf te measure, Ateratively, calculate the aco, F, forthe measur, v=(B-CyD o F=D(B-C) @ were: v sun ataepran rp MAH Pa I Tecate rsmesa Sarat Teter ey CU mh nA volume ofthe measure, (R, B= massof he wate, plate glass, and measure, ky (1); Cm mass te plate glass and meas, kg) = censiy ofthe wate forthe measured Kain? (yf) and F = factor fo the measure, (Uf) Note 4—For the caleuston of buk des, the velume of the measure in accptate merc us shud be expressed in cubic mete, the facr as? Homever, fr convenience the 26 of the measure maybe expressed in ters (equal to m/100), 9. SELECTION OF PROCEDURE a — on ‘The shoveling procedure for loose bu desty shal be used ony when spesicaly sipdated, Cerise, ‘he compact uk density shal be determined by the redang procedure for agareptes haveg 8 oma. ‘maxima se of 37.5 [1/ no less, o by the Jana pred fo greats having 2 nami "maximum sae greatr than 37.5 mm [Jn] andra exceeding 125 mm [5 i) Oe SS 101. Fite measure ne-idl and level the surface withthe fgers. Rod the layer fagaregte with 25. Stokes ofthe taping rod evenly dsbad over te surfce il the measure two-tdsfl and gan level are red as above. Fay, the measure lo over ard rod opin nthe mane prevosly "etoned. Level the surface of te aggregate wi he ers or a svagtedgeinsucha way tat ay sh projections of the ager lees ofthe cars agrezateepproxmatly Blane the larger vads the Surface below the top of the meaoure 102, _Inoxng the fst ayer, do not alow the roto Ste the bstom ofthe measure fore. n rodig the ‘second and thd ayers use vgorcus efor but nt moe ferce thant cause te Gmping rod to pene to he previous layer of agsregate. ‘Note 5—In rong the larger sass of conse agpreat, may not be possible to pentate he layer being sole, especialy with angdaragnegses The rt othe procedre wil be acompished iprous efforts used 103. Determine the mass ofthe measure plus contents, andthe mass fhe measure alone and ecrd the values tote nearest 0.05 kg [01 ii. SIGGING PROCEDURE 10,1, fllthe measure in three approximately equal layers as described in Sacton 10.1, cempacing each layer by ecg the measure on fm bee, sich asa camar-conerete or ralsng the oposte ses serra ‘abc 50 mm [2 in, and along the measure to drop n such a meaner as to ft wth 2 sep, SapDng bom. The agcreaee pares, by tis procedure, wil arrange tamselves ma denealy compacted conan. ‘Compact each yer by eroping the measure 50 nes nthe aver deserted 25 mes on each side Level the surface ofthe aggregate vith the fingers ora stratedge In such a way fat ary ight Drojctins ofthe noe pees ofthe coarse anpregete approximately alone the ger vs the ufce below the ep of he measire, 112, Determine the mass of the measure pls contents, adhe mass ofthe measure alene, and eco the ‘vals to the nearest 05 [01 Ib. pte iran gH MA Pa Teta earmotetet a016 Serre abr Bake CUA) mh nk ‘12 SHOVELING PROCEDURE ~ = 12:1, Fi the measire to overiing by means of shovel or soon, discharging the orgregate rom a height rat ‘» exceed 50mm [2 in] above te top of the messre. Exerc cre lo prevent, fas pole, Segregation ofthe pare sizes of whic he sample i composed Level he sane fhe ogaegate With the fingers oa strlghedge in such 2 way ta any sig projections fhe large’ pieces of the conse ‘agaregste approximately balance be ager vols hth sarface below the tp of he mesa, 122, Determine he mass ofthe measure pis contents, and the mass ofthe mess sone, ad record the ‘ales tothe nearest 0.05 [018 13. CALCULATION OF RESULTS — ae — 13.4. Bu Densty—Caedate he bk drat forthe reg, png or hovel cede a flo M=(G-1)/v ® M=(G-T) x F ® vee: ‘M = bulk density of aggregate, kaym? (Ib/h);, G = mass of agaregete pus the measice, kg (i); T= mass ofthe measure, kg (0); Y= volume of measure, (Rand F = factor fr measure, a (3), 13.1, The blk dersty determined by ts method is for sagregat nan oven dry condita Ihe bulk deny in ters of saturated srface-ry (SSD) conan i eared se the exact procetrein tis meth, and en ‘alate the SSD bak dent by te fling erm Mesy = M[1+(4/100)] © were Meso = bulk density in $5D cnt, ka/m? (a) A= absorption, percent, determine in accordance wih T #4 or T 85 152, Vd Content~Caladate the vold content inthe aggregate using the buk deny deterne by ee the rockng, Sig, or shoveling procedure, as lows pit rept og NAH Pa I Teak pet ro1o0[(Sx)-M] SxW © voids % = bat censty of agaregae, kal? (BM?) S = uk pect ray (ry bass) as determined in scordance wih Tt oT 85; and Wena of water, 998 kal (623 ty), ccm ma. maa. mana, mas. 12 maa. 1422. 1423. 143, 152. 182. 1522, 153, 183. REPORT Repartthe ests for bk densty to the nearest 10 ka/? (3?) a fos: lk density by rong, ul deny by Hina, oF Looe bk deny, Report the ress fr vol core to the nearest one percent 25 flows: ois in agaregate compacted byron, percent, ‘eid in agorerate compact by ing, percent oF ois in toseagoregate, percent Ica te procedure used PRECISION AND BIAS “Te folowing estates of prcon for this meth are based on resulta the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AME Paiceny Sample Program, with testing conducted by ths method and ASTM (29/6 29K Thar are ro sient aerences between the bro mead. The ita are tase onthe analyses of more than 100 pared test resus rom 40 t 100 fortes Coarse Agaregte (bk density): ‘Smle-OpeatrPrecson—The single-opersor stander vation hasbeen foundto be 14k [0.88 1b] (15). Therefore resus ftw property conducted tess bythe sare opera on sar atrial should ret er by more than 40 kal [25 ly] (25). "utlaboratryPrecsion—The mubboratary standard devon hasbeen found tobe 30 kan [2.87 1h] (15). Meefore, resus of two property conducted tess fom two diferent borates n ior material shou nt fer by more than 85 kan? [5.3 yt) (2) “These nubs repesert espactvely, the (1s) nd (22) Ins a descrbed in ASTM C670. The pecon states were obtained fram the analysis of AMRL profiery srl dt or buk deny by rong of Fermal-welgt aggregates having @nomiolainim aggregate sae of 25.0 rn (3, and sng 2 16-L ir measure. Fe Aggregate (bulk dere): ‘Snle-OperatrPrecson—The siae-opertor standard deviation has ben found to be 14k? (0.88 Tf] (1s). Therefore, res of wo propel candied tests by the sme operat cn ilar mater pit aetna UH Pa I esha Oanareso Ser eto Teter Bak ey CU WS) Vi nares ‘Should not lr by more than 40 kl? [2.5 a) (2s), 1532 MutiabortoryFrecsion—The mutlaboratry stad deviation has ben foun fo be 46 kan? [2.78 "i (is). Therefore, result of two property concedes fom to ferent abertories on Sar material shou not fer by mare than 125 Kan [78 (2), 1533, These numbers represent, respectively the (1s) ane (625) lis as described in ASTM C 670. The prion estates were bined from the anayis f AML profcency sample daa for se bl erly fom loboratores using 2284 [yr 9] measure, 154. No recision date on void content are avale,Homver, 8 the vid content nagreoie clase ‘fom bk dersty and buk specie areviy, the precson of be vlds contre rfl he prin of hese ‘measured parameters ven in Sections 15.2 ae 15.3 of hs meted sin 8¢ and BS, 355, Bas—The proce in is test method fr measuring bk densty and vol cate has ro bas because the voles fer bulk densty and vo carter canbe defied ony in ems ofa estrtioa a ere apa diet raeprson gh MAN Ua. Toth apenas tet ”