Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Index
Cover
Introduction
Part I. The Mother Cult
Chapter 1. The Message
Chapter 2. The Latter Rain
Chapter 3. Jonestown
Chapter 4. Sons of the
Klan Chapter 5. Te Park
Chapter 6. “Mr. Krefeld»
Part II. Parral's messiah Chapter
7. The final harangue Chapter
8. Dr. Schneider Chapter 9.
Escape to the end of the world Chapter
10. Herd of pigs!
Chapter 11. Dreams and confession
Chapter 12. Breaking wills Chapter 13.
The night terror Chapter 14. The third
strategy Part III A bipolar and conspiracy
world Chapter 15. An intelligence agency Chapter
16. GURMIR Chapter 17. Foreign agents
Chapter 18. Communist Paranoia Part IV. The
ghosts of Chenco Chapter 19. A corpse in
Florida Chapter 20. "One"
Introduction
Colonia Dignidad was a religious sect that not only manipulated its
followers and stripped them of their dignity, their money, their property
and even their children, but also when the belief in Schäfer's supposed
divine powers was no longer enough to prevent the proselytes fled
from that earthly hell, it did not hesitate to drug, beat, torture and
murder them to prevent them from fleeing and telling the horrors they
had experienced, while demolishing the houses of their neighbors,
spying on friends and enemies alike and trafficking weapons .
The best known of these is The People's Temple, as the sect led
by the American Jim Jones was called, who led the largest collective
suicide known in world history.
Branham was the model that, with different accents and even with
totally opposed ideological visions, was copied by Schäfer, Jones,
Leo Mercier, Robert Martin Gumbura and many others throughout
the world, including who is currently considered the main heir to their
ideology, the German Ewald Frank, also closely linked to Colonia
Dignidad.
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This is the story of it all and much more, including how Schäfer
manipulated the Bible to terrorize his followers, his plan to take over
all the children around and run their families, and how he who
murdered and made dozens of people disappear.
This story was built thanks to twenty interviews (both on and off),
the review of almost ten thousand pages of judicial documents, the
46 thousand intelligence files of the colony that have been declassified,
the reports of State agencies , books and journalistic reports and the
disinterested help of many people, both in Chile and in the United
States and in Germany.
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Part I
PThe mother sect
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Chapter 1
The message
At that point in his life and at forty-six years old, Branham was a
celebrity who had toured Africa, much of Europe and practically all of
North America captivating crowds with a simple and Manichaean
oratory, in which everything was heavenly or demonic, white or black,
cursed or holy.
Soft-spoken and gentle in manner, Branham was originally from the
city of Jeffersonville, located on the banks of the Ohio River. His
followers called him "Master", because for them he was an envoy of
God, an intermediary on the same level as Saint John the Baptist or a
modern Elijah, his favorite prophet, to such an extent that today
Jeffersonville and the Tabernacle —as their church was called— are
what Mecca represents to Arabs, Salt Lake City to Mormons, and the
Vatican to Catholics: a place of worship and worship.
Like many other pastors of the thirties of the 20th century, Branham
claimed that he received divine messages, which in his case —he said
— he had begun to listen to in 1933, when the first voices began to
rumble inside his brain. Then, as he recounted, the voices were
embodied in a figure that in his opinion was Jesus and, later, a
supposed angel appeared to him.
After that, he claimed to have acquired a series of superpowers that
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would delight any sci-fi writer, including seeing the future, having a
guardian angel come down from heaven every time the devil wanted
to ambush him and, of course, the ultimate superpower: healing the
sick simply by ordering the demons to leave the body of the sufferer.
Davis was the one who baptized him and later ordained in
Jeffersonville. Later, when the preacher was expelled from the temple
to which he had joined, he formed his own church, which he also joined.
Branham. However, he took his own flight and created his own body
of doctrine, known as The Message, a name that is also used to
designate his church.
Both are very important characters in a plot that began in the 1950s
in the United States and Germany, but which had numerous and very
serious consequences in Chile and other countries, since Branham's
doctrines had a decisive influence on the development of at least four
destructive sects in different places of the world.
The first of these is quite little known. This is the sect created by
one of Branham's lieutenants, Leo Mercier, in Prescott, Arizona,
called Te Park, rather short-lived, due to the early death of its founder.
from RMG times, by the first two names and the surname of its
founder, Robert Martin Gumbura, an extravagant pastor who died of
covid-19 in a Zimbabwe prison in 2021, sentenced to fifty years in
prison for the sexual abuse to which he subdued several of his
followers.
The fourth sect that we will talk about, and about which this book is
about, is a well-known one in Chile: Colonia Dignidad, on which
Branham also had a fundamental influence.
To understand it, let's go back to 1955. On the night of Branham's
debut in Karlsruhe, among the thousands of Germans excited by the
alleged biblical messages delivered by the American, there were
eight young people who were part of the most ecstatic group, so
much so that they attended all five nights. in which the evangelist
appeared in the city before leaving for Lausanne, Switzerland.
against the leaders of the colony and the heads of the National
Intelligence Directorate, DINA, Augusto Pinochet's secret police,
delivered a curious document entitled Curriculum vitae, in which he
recorded a series of data about the North American pastor, but also
He made an extensive account of the beginnings of the group to
which he belonged.
There he pointed out that "in the year 1955, Paul Schäfer and some
of his supporters participated in Karlsruhe in the meetings of the
American William Branham, evangelist and healer, and were very
impressed by the large number of healings", adding that later "Schäfer
had into practice several of his doctrines.”1 If you are wondering what
these were, Seewald himself points out some of them: “He constantly
maintained that we were the only faithful ones and, furthermore, he
maintained that woman was an inferior creature. He did not express
it so publicly, but whenever a young man bothered a girl, she was the
one punished because, according to Branham, women had received
their beauty from the devil, to seduce men.
In fact, the first night in Karlsruhe Branham announced that “we are
at the end of time. The sun is quenching civilization" and that "the
prophet promised that the sun will shine again at the end." Which is
the end? He himself detailed it, so that no one would be confused:
"We are living in that time."2 In the same way, he dedicated part of his
stay to explaining his misogynistic and racist points of view,
asserting that babies do not have maternal blood, because according
to him "Babies' blood comes from the father, not the mother," and also
argued that Eve "was perfect: beautiful blue eyes, her blond hair
falling down her back... the most beautiful woman in the world."
However —it is pointed out in the same episode—, one day a man
paralyzed for thirty-eight years told Jesus that he could not be healed
because he had no one to lead him to the water, after which he healed
his legs. ills. This would have generated the indignation of the Jews
and the beginning of the persecution against Jesus, due to a purely
formal matter: the miracle would have been performed on a day of
rest (Sabbath or Saturday), when any activity was strictly prohibited,
including the healing of sick.
Klan, the American racist organization that sowed terror for decades
in the central and southern United States and that is part of the base
of the beliefs of Colonia Dignidad.
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Episode 2
the latter rain
However, from him Schäfer, who was never soft or kind, learned
something much more essential, something vital for anyone who
founds a sect: that beyond how you address the people you manage
to capture, the secret of fidelity, the great trick by which it is possible
to convince them of any imbecility—such as, for example, that they
must commit suicide to board an alien ship that will take them to
eternal salvation3—is to convince them that he is a messiah, a special
being, someone superhuman characteristics, not just a person of faith
who possesses some higher degree of theological knowledge —which
he otherwise did not have— or something similar, but who is rightfully
an intermediary of God on Earth, someone who receives messages
that only can hear the illuminated.
"God has not spoken in vain with me for more than twenty years,"
he pointed out with conviction to his followers, emphasizing something
of which they are already convinced: that the vulgar and uneducated
man who commanded them was a prophet, a cable that connected
divinity with Earth, a chosen one; and that they were the privileged,
an elite that would be saved from the destruction that the arrival of the
Antichrist would bring thanks to the fact that they were part of that
group of believers who followed a being of light, a rather small little
man who spoke directly with God.
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then Federal Germany, until it became one of the most important arms
dealers in the world. This was not a minor thing if one takes into
account the fact that the United States decided to stop supplying
weapons to Chile at the end of 1976, after the DINA assassinated
Orlando Letelier, Salvador Allende's former foreign minister, in
Washington DC.
So much favor had to be reciprocated and that translated into the
impunity enjoyed by the colony, which allowed Schäfer to manage his
flock at will (helped by a group of stalwarts with a clear awareness of
the crimes they committed). And, most importantly for him, abusing
children without ever fearing being denounced, as had happened in
1959 in Germany, forcing him to flee with his group to Chile.
The assembly meetings usually began around 9:00 p.m. and usually
consisted of three parts: Schäfer's preaching, the confession, and the
interpretation of dreams.
It always began with the hierarch sitting on a kind of elevated throne,
around which all the settlers were located, as well as a group of
children willing to listen to the stories of the wisest old man in the tribe.
At a certain distance, one of them was making a video recording and,
at the same time, without anyone knowing, hidden microphones were
capturing the audio of what was happening there.
Some of those recordings survived over the years and the burning
of evidence that took place from 1996, when the police began to raid
the enclave.
Thanks to those few audio files that remain, and to which I had
confidential access, we know part of what was happening there. But
this practice of recording everything was not Schäfer's invention, rather
he copied it from his idol, William Branham.
Within the inner circle that accompanied Branham everywhere,
included two assistants known as the tape-boys : Leo Mercier and
Gene Goad, who followed him wherever he went, recording all his
words with the purpose of, subsequently, commercialize his sermons
and commentaries in the form of books and records. On the basis of
those sermons a huge industry was generated.
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Mercier, like Schäfer, learned very quickly from the "Master" and,
after his death in a traffic accident in 1965, founded his own sect, Te
Park, in Prescott, Arizona, which bore great similarities to Colonia.
Dignity. Like all the other sects mentioned in the introduction, it was
based on the doctrine of the latter rain, a biblical interpretation that
originated in some splinter groups of the Pentecostal Church in
Canada, towards the end of the 1940s, from a Verse from the book
of Joel—one of the Old Testament minor prophets—that says that
God sent the children of Zion “early and latter rain as at the
beginning” (Joel 2:23).
For the most radical Pentecostals, who imported this doctrine from
Saskatchewan to Indiana and other American states, the former rain
is an allegory for what they call "the outpouring of the Holy Spirit", in
the origins of the church as such, which would have been manifested
on the feast of Pentecost.
That was the moment, according to them, when the Holy Spirit
possessed the participants, a phenomenon that manifested itself in
that they began to speak "in tongues."4 Gunther Bonhau, who was
an apprentice bricklayer in Sieburg, where one of the first complexes
owned by the sect that we would later know as Colonia Dignidad, told
journalist Gero Gemballa that Schäfer ordered the construction of a
basement to pray there, but also ordered that, when such prayers
were said, trumpets had to be blown at full volume.
Branham, for his part, predicted that the world would end in 1977.
Although the latter rain movement started in Canada, as has been
said, it soon crossed the border to the south and settled in Chicago,
where its main exponents were the pastors Joseph Mattsson-Boze
and AW Rassmusen, great friends of Branham and with whom He
frequently preached in that city, as noted by researcher John Andrew
Collins.7 This, a former member of The Message, is without doubt
the leading researcher of this group in the world. He recounts that
the trio soon began operating in Philadelphia as well, where Mattsson-
Boze was editor of a religious newsletter, The Herald of Faith, half
"regarded as the leading voice of the latter rain movement."8
Chapter 3
jonestown
Jeff Guinn recounts in the book The Road to Jonestown that many
times during services, Jones would ask who had cancer.
When someone raised their hand, the pastor invited him to go to the
temple bathroom, where he "removed" a bloody mass (usually a piece
of rotten chicken that one of his assistants surreptitiously passed him),
which he then exhibited. before the followers announcing that he had
removed the cancer. Despite the gross deception, the faithful thanked
God for such a miraculous cure.
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Little by little, Jones convinced his followers, including his wife, that
he was able to read people's thoughts.
The reality is that he implemented a technique similar to that of
Schäfer: having informants in each group and subgroup within the
sect, who informed him of everything that happened in it. Each
member also had to confess directly to him, therefore, he handled a
lot of information.
In the midst of paranoia about knowing everything that was
happening with his parishioners, Jones' panic at the imminent end of
the world gradually grew and in 1961 he made his own prophecy: the
Soviets, whom he admired, would attack the United States with
atomic weapons.
Faced with this situation, he decided that he should flee from there
and take his followers with him. For this, he began to look for countries
in which to relocate his sect. He had already visited Cuba and in 1961
he traveled to British Guiana, but he was not totally convinced that
this was the place where the saved could find refuge from the nuclear
apocalypse.
According to Guinn, in December 1961, Jones read an article in
Esquire magazine, titled "9 Places in the World to Hide," which
described places that would be the most favorable for survival in the
event of a radioactive disaster, according to the winds. , temperature,
geographic conformation and other variables. The list included some
cities in the United States, Mexico and Ireland, Australia, and also
Belo Horizonte, in Brazil; Mendoza, in Argentina, and the Central
Valley of Chile, the same place where months before, that year, the
first followers of Paul Schäfer had begun to arrive.
The three options that the pseudo messiah liked the most, according
to Guinn, were Brazil, Argentina and Chile. However, he opted for
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Belo Horizonte, "which seemed to him more spacious than the Central
Valley of Chile" and "less dictatorial than Argentina."14 For this, he
left with his family to live in Brazil. After a time in Belo Horizonte,
he moved to Rio de Janeiro. After almost two years, he decided to
return to the United States and try his luck in the vicinity of one of the
North American cities mentioned by Esquire: Eureka, located north
of San Francisco.
Along with other members of The People's Temple, he ultimately
decided to stay in Redwood Valley, near Eureka, and persuade his
former flock from Indianapolis to move with him nearly two thousand
miles away. And he succeeded, among other things, because he
assured them that he now knew exactly the date on which the nuclear
attack would occur: July 16, 1967.
There was little time left. His prophecy about the nuclear holocaust
advanced Branham's proposed end date by ten years, so by the end
of 1965 nearly a hundred horrified churchgoers had left for California.
In the same way as in the case of Colonia Dignidad, Jones and his
wife did not arrive there with empty pockets but rather, quite the
contrary, overflowing with money. In any sectarian movement at this
level, the process is always very similar and is based on convincing
the unsuspecting members of the group that, in order to save
themselves, it is necessary for them to get rid of everything material
(property, vehicles, bank deposits, etc.). ) to give it to the prophet or
messiah, in order to be able to carry out what God dictates must be
done.
Like the sect established in Chile, they began very early to collect
weapons and carry out paramilitary training, which was reinforced
thanks to an increasingly paranoid discourse, similar to that of Paul
Schäfer. While he warned about the existence of a kind of secret
organization in the Chilean government, which he called "El
Departamento Cinco" (he was referring to Department V, the PDI unit
that began investigations against the colony in the middle of the
nineties), who wanted to destroy the colony, since it was directed by
the devil,
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Jones convinced his followers, as Gunn recounts, that there were two
governments in the United States: a public one, known to all and
headed by the president, and a secret one, the one that really
governed, made up of the CIA and the FBI, and that he was bent on
destroying the people's temple.
In order to give credibility to this assertion, to victimize himself and
also promote conspiracy ideas among his followers, he came to do
very absurd things. One of them, as Guinn recounts, occurred in
1972. While parishioners were enjoying a meal in the open air, shots
were suddenly heard from which nobody knew where they came
from, after which "the Father", as Jones was called, was taken from
the place completely bloody.
After that, his shocked followers were informed that their leader,
unfortunately, had been assassinated. However, half an hour later
Jones reappeared, unscathed.
The explanation? Very simple: his healing powers were so great
that he had returned from the dead after a self-heal.
Around 1973, Jones began to say that the then President of the
United States, the Republican Richard Nixon, was a representative of
Satan on Earth. He feared that Nixon would unleash a nuclear
apocalypse and become a Hitler-style dictator. Therefore, he warned
his proselytes that it was necessary to flee Redwood Valley and look
for the promised land, because the end was imminent once again and
only those who went with it would be saved. Although it was a story
they had heard before and the end had never come, the amazing
thing is that no one questioned his words.
By the way, the "commune" that was being created needed a formal
name and that is how "The People's Temple agricultural project" was
born, although no one called the small town that began to emerge in
the middle of the jungle that way, which everyone knew it as Jonestown
or The City of Jones, whose construction began with money donated
by members of the congregation, just as they had done years before,
when the world was supposed to end in 1967 and they had to flee to
California.
However, since then the Los Angeles police began to investigate the
sect and secretly follow Jones until December 1973 when he was
arrested in a movie theater bathroom for masturbating in front of an
undercover police officer.
Jones was released after posting a $500 bail, but it was clear to him
that this fact was a serious damage to his public image and that several
more could be unleashed from these accusations.
Like Leo Mercier, Robert Gumbura, and Paul Schäfer, among other
sectarian leaders raised under The Message and the latter rain doctrine,
Jones was a sexual abuser and a subject who forbade certain sexual
habits to his supporters, while he I practiced them. There is a clear
history that he had relationships with men and women throughout his
life, but after his arrest he began to tell his followers that all people were
homosexual, except for him, who was the only heterosexual on the
entire planet.
she left the sect in July 1976, after which he followed her. On October 5,
1975, his body was found destroyed on a San Francisco railroad and,
although the event was classified as an accident, it generated many, too
many suspicions.
Houston's father was one of the most suspicious.
He had known California legislator Leo Ryan since he was a child, and
he became interested in the case, especially when his friend told him
that his daughter-in-law had been forcibly recaptured, along with her
grandchildren, and taken to Guyana, without being allowed any
communication. with the United States.
Other people also pointed out that their relatives had been kidnapped by
the sect and added more information: that no one was allowed to leave
there or talk to their close people, that they lived in conditions similar to
slavery and that the place was full of weapons. . In other words, exactly
the same thing that happened in Colonia Dignidad.
When the police arrived hours later, all they found were bodies, bodies,
and more bodies. Not just humans. The mascots of the place (several dogs
and a chimpanzee) had been shot, as was the leader himself, Jim Jones.
The investigation found that after the attack on Ryan and his companions,
the cult leader concluded that government forces were going to kill the
children of Jonestown and convinced his followers that suicide was
necessary. Only a few tried to resist, but they were forced to drink a mixture
of powdered cyanide dissolved in fruit juice.
A German couple, Georg and Lotti Packmor, were in front of the United
States consul in Toronto, Canada, where they had lived for nearly a
year. They had fled from Colonia Dignidad and were applying for a
tourist visa to travel to the United States. When asked for the reasons
for such a request, they began to tell their lives and gave details of what
they had experienced within the sect in Chile.
Almost at the end, Lotti said something that —at that time— the
consul considered an exaggeration: the leader of that sect located in
the south of a country, of which he had barely heard, was another Jim Jones.
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Chapter 4
sons of the klan
The original KKK was born in 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee, and like
the latter rain movement, Schäfer's sect or Jim Jones' sect, gained
specific weight from interpretations
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Biblical ones, above all the one carried out a few years later by
Edward Hine, who created "Anglo-Israelism". According to this belief,
the English were the true descendants of two of the ten lost tribes of
Israel, while the Jews were the descendants of the seed planted by
Satan in Eve.
The murders of ex-slaves and Unionists, that is, sympathizers of
the Yankees, as well as the harassment of Catholics and Jews,
became a common currency. This forced the United States Congress
to issue a series of amendments to the Constitution aimed at
repressing the Klan and, in addition, formed an investigative
commission on the matter.
As it was, all of this diminished the organization, which finally
ceased to exist as such at the end of the 1970s, although an important
market for novels and plays was created around his legend that took
advantage of his aura of mystery to extol or criticize it. Among the
first are those of the journalist and former Baptist pastor Tomas Dixon,
son of a former Klan member, who wrote the novel Te Clansmen, in
1905, where the role of the hooded was romanticized. The story was
made into a film in 1915 by David W. Griffith under the name of The
Birth of a Nation, becoming the first major Hollywood box office
success and an inspiration for the revival of the Ku Klux Klan.16
Indeed, after seeing the film, a then-thirty-five-year-old man named
William J. Simmons, who had tried unsuccessfully to become a
Methodist minister and had been a member of Freemasonry,
Knights of the Royal Arch, The Grand Order of the Royal Arch and
about ten other organizations, decided to revive the KKK. For this, he
had the valuable participation of a lieutenant who was a pastor: Roy
Elonza Davis, the spiritual father of William Branham.
Both, Simmons and Davis, raised what was at the time the most
powerful organization in the United States and that, although it publicly
presented itself as a pacifist, non-racist and law-abiding entity, it was
the complete opposite, just like the original .
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By the way, Davis' affiliation with the KKK was not very strange.
According to Collins, one of the creators of Pentecostalism, Charles Fox
Parham, would also have been a member, although according to other
sources, he was only a sympathizer of the movement.
After Simmons was ousted from Klan command in 1922, he organized
a new group, the Knights of the Flaming Sword. Once again, at his side
was Davis, who at the same time continued to act as a pastor, although
from time to time he was arrested. According to Collins, he was arrested
several times for having crossed state lines carrying underage girls "for
sexual purposes."
Davis was later apprehended for fraud and later for other charges, but
faith is blind and his hundreds of supporters refused to believe the
accusations against him, just as during
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It happened for many years with the followers of Paul Schäfer, inside
and outside of Colonia Dignidad.
It was at the Jeffersonville temple run by Davis, The Pentecostal
Church of God, that William Branham was ordained, after he began
attending there and the pastor was "impressed by the young man's
sincerity and fervor." According to Owen Jorgensen's account, "after
observing him for several months, Dr. Davis suggested that Bill should
enter the ministry." Yes, like Schäfer, Davis liked to be called "Doctor,"
even though he did not have a Ph.D.
Well, it was "Dr. Davis" who also introduced him to his first wife,
Hope Brumbach, and began calling him Timothy, which was the
name of the apostle Paul's helper.
Davis introduced him to the meanders of healing and was also the
person who interpreted the supposed visions that Branham claimed
to have. According to Jorgensen, the two men went their separate
ways when Branham refused to ordain several women as pastors,
but all indications are that they actually drifted away for a few years
as Davis was once again arrested and extradited to Arkansas on
charges of robbery and murder. .
After that initial separation, Branham took off on his own and
became a rising star from 1933, when he began preaching in
Jeffersonville and later dedicated himself to performing mass baptisms
on the banks of the Ohio River. One of the voices that he said he
heard in his brain whispered to him that "just as John the Baptist
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was sent to precursor the first coming of Jesus Christ, in the same
way you are sent to precursor his second coming».19
By 1955 Branham was already a celebrity in the United States,
Africa and Europe. His revivals (revivals, as healing ceremonies and
the movement of healers were called in general) were crowded with
thousands of people, and in addition to the supposed healings he
performed in them, his apocalyptic speech, dotted with stories about
how the demons stalked him and he defeated them over and over
again helped by his guardian angel, they earned him more and more
followers. At the same time, he spread a misogynistic and extremely
anti-communist message. Around the same time, he had resumed
contact with Davis, who in turn was busy creating one of the many
groups of the third phase of the Ku Klux Klan.
The second phase of the Klan, started by Williams and Davis, had
ended by the late 1930s, although the decline had begun several
years earlier, in 1925, when "The Great Indiana Dragon," David
Stephenson, was arrested and charged. of having raped and murdered
a young white woman. After the trial, Stephenson exposed a network
of corruption and bribery that compromised high-ranking authorities,
from the state governor on down, which led to further arrests and
prosecutions. All this was completely undermining the second version
of the Klan, until its disappearance.
One such group was located in Dallas, Texas, and was called The
Original Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Your Creator? Roy E. Davis
himself, who had taken over as head of the new organization with the
pompous title of Imperial Dragon, which he liked to hoist publicly.
Chapter 5
you park
Had it not been for the crimes committed by Keith Loker, it is highly
unlikely that in a large part of the United States and also in Chile
there would have been knowledge of the existence of a sect called
Te Park, which, keeping the obvious differences, had a series of lurid
coincidences with Colonia Dignidad. And of course, if the ideological
origin of both was the same: William Branham, as already noted.
intelligence that, without a doubt, far surpassed the imitation of the FBI of its
inspirer. We will return extensively to this later.
By the way, it is impossible not to mention another coincidence: while
Mercier was establishing himself in Prescott in 1961, Schäfer was doing the
same in Parral, in south-central Chile. However, unlike this one, which
created a closed area from which only the leaders of the community could
leave or enter, Mercier installed his group of followers in a trailer park —
hence the name by which it was known— , therefore, the possibilities of
circulation were much greater.
He murdered two people, stole the wallets of two others, left them injured,
took the money from the cash register and left with a bang. Something that
caught the attention of one of the witnesses was the calm with which he
acted. He didn't seem drugged or drunk or upset.
They found in their possession the wallets and weapons. When the
police asked him why he had murdered his victims in California, he
claimed to have been drunk at the time of the deadly assault, which - we
have already seen - is not consistent with what the witnesses declared.
Regardless of the motives, the facts were quite clear. In addition,
there was abundant material evidence and testimonies. The prosecution
estimated that the trial would be practically a formality.
who —adds the text— was homosexual. Obviously, he did not want
to marry a woman, but his will was beaten and he had no choice but
to submit to the fate that was being imposed on him. Product of that
marriage, Keith and his sister Hannah were born.
Although the sect dissolved around 1975, when Keith Loker was
only four years old, his life was marked by abuse and the forced
dissolution of family ties. As is obvious, his parents ended up divorcing
and the young man's life was extremely eventful, all of which
persuaded the jury not to apply the death penalty: he was sentenced
to life in prison with the possibility of provisional release.
Talking with her is moving and at the same time chilling, due to the
parallels that it is impossible not to see between the
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horrors she lived through as a child and those who had the misfortune
to grow up under the aegis of Paul Schäfer.
He says that his father was one of the founders of Te Park and that
he professed absolute admiration for Branham, whom everyone in
the group considered a prophet and was convinced that "every word
that came out of his mouth was the word of God." Although his father
was not a fanatical Mercier supporter, almost all of the money he
made was given to the former tape-boy.
As is known, criticism within a sect or in any totalitarian system is a
non-existent practice. And a sect is always a small totalitarian state
where there is no democracy or individual liberties. However, silencing
critical consciences is not that simple. History shows that doing so
requires brutal and bloodthirsty secret police (whatever political color
they are), concentration camps, massive propaganda systems and
much more. The same thing happens in a sect, although of course on
a much smaller scale. Undoubtedly, in the sectarian world, Paul
Schäfer was the one who best understood the above, but the followers
of The Message also knew a lot about it.
threatening. Collins had to get used to being escorted after local police detained a man
who was trying to sneak into his home with a gun.
For her part, and returning to Deb Daulton, she recounts that to this day she harbors
strong pain for all the damage that Mercier caused her and her twin sister in full view
and patience of her father. That's something she still can't understand: how did her dad
let his religious beliefs and his obedience to Mercier take precedence over his daughters'
well-being?
As detailed in the trial against Loker, when Deb was six years old she was called in
front of the other children to confess her "sins". The questions she was subjected to by
the cult leader had a strong sexual connotation, absolutely inappropriate for a girl.
Today, from his home in Prescott, he affirms that this event "completely destroyed
my innocence and my life." However, no one protected her, despite the fact that
everyone in her family knew that shortly after they arrived in Te Park, Mercier had taken
his older brothers to the bank of a stream where he stuffed sand into their noses, ears
and legs. years. “He basically sodomized them with sand. He liked to strip them naked,
beat them up, and then make them run home.
"He threw a red powder on one while pointing out 'This is the color of sin.' A second
later he added bleach or something like that and it became translucent. There he told
us: “This is what happens if we confess our sins. We will all be clean again, like clean
water,'” he recalled. The children were then invited, one by one, to sit on Mercier's lap
to confess their sins, ending with a red stamp stamped on the back of their hands that
read "Holy Ghost."
Deb pointed out that by then she was already afraid of the leader of
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the sect: "I was petrified." When it was his turn to pass, it got even
more chilling: “He put me on his lap and started asking me the most
sexually violent things about me and my brothers. I couldn't understand
what he was asking me...
I couldn't say that I had done something wrong with my brothers. I
hadn't even seen them in their underwear! When Mercier realized I
wasn't going to tell him what he wanted to hear—that I was having
sex with his brothers—he told me to sit on the chapel steps” and then
go home without the seal in my hand.
«Leo told me that I was a prostitute, a lesbian, a whore. These are
words that I had never heard before," he explained with a thread of
voice.
The reprisals began to appear days later. Deb was taken away from
her family and sent to live with other people, without her parents
objecting to the move.
On one occasion they took her to be examined by a nurse, to look
for "worms". Of course, Mercier was present.
After the examination was completed, she was taken to the community
kitchen, where the subject told everyone that the examination had
revealed that she was "a dirty little girl who likes to play with herself."
In 1971, when she was only ten years old, Mercier had a "vision" in
which God commanded him to punish her. They cut her hair, beat her,
and gave her men's clothing. They even burned his fingerprints.
In his mind, Deb says, he was convinced that in twins there was
always a good one and a bad one; and since she had a twin sister—
Keith Loker's mother—he had decided that she was the bad twin and
therefore had to be punished. The foregoing in the face of absolute
inaction on the part of their parents, uncles and relatives. "This
happened because of the faith that everyone had in William Branham,"
he accuses.
“In Branham-associated churches, children are completely
subverted. They live giving sermons from the 17th or 17th century,
horribly misogynistic messages," he adds, referring to what still
happens there today.
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The contempt and insults were directed towards all minors, but in
Mercier's case, particularly towards girls. Nothing very different from
what happened in Colonia Dignidad, one of the cruelest aspects of
which was the way in which children were enslaved, since they were
also forced to work every day.
And, like the Te Park leader, Schäfer also hated women.
"He talked to us like we were dirty, not even 'worth a bullet to kill us
with,'" Deb Daulton continues, recalling a quote from William Branham.
"He said that 'there is nothing as dirty or base as a woman' and that
we were 'a human sexual dump, made by Satan to tempt man'."
Regarding the Keith Loker trial, he argues that what was revealed
there had never been known before, because "we were indoctrinated
never to talk about Te Park." But the group dissolved in 1975, when
Mercier died, who had already been plunged into a life of excess for
several years.
He was extremely fat due to an excessive intake of food, to which
was added a very accentuated alcoholism and dependence on
various drugs, including demerol and morphine. Little by little, her
preaching began to make no sense and she
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He thinks that it was only then that the adults realized that they were
in the hands of a maniac. However, the final break occurred after a
meeting between Mercier and his hierarchs, which took place after
several months of sexual abstinence had passed on his orders. In
the closed-door meeting, "exotic things happened," he explained,
detailing that when they got there Mercier forced them to touch each
other's genitals, which was not to the liking of many.
As what had happened leaked out, Te Park split into two camps.
“It was only then that I was able to have my family back. It was
strange to see how these adults reacted to something that happened
to them, but let it happen to their children." However, his family left
the group, but not faith in Branham or The Message.
Keith was very young when Te Park ended, but his mother (who
had already forcibly abandoned her husband) married another man
and they went to a new The Message church in Indiana, he says.
“They didn't live in a commune, but everything was just as strange
when it came to the children. Everyone knew about his situation," he
says, commenting that in addition to a minimal degree of autism, his
nephew faced harsh bullying all his life.
"It never fit in. He wasn't good with girls, because he had no social
skills and that made him furious. Before he was arrested, he had
started harassing women. I needed help, I remember telling my sister.
Not help from the church, but from a psychiatrist, a psychologist».
She is convinced that her nephew was ultimately looking to die in a
confrontation with the police. He does not deny that he committed all
the crimes with which he is charged, but he is certain that his criminal
behavior was the result of being born in Te Park, in a completely
dysfunctional family, and then growing up in a cult. "He did, but it's
the way he was raised that created the problem. Te Park killed him."
Loker died in prison a couple of years ago. Her mother, meanwhile,
died a little earlier, in 2013, plunged into alcoholism, something for
which Deb also blames the sect, because she believes that it is
impossible for someone who experienced what her sister could have
led a normal life.
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Chapter 6
"Mr. Krefeld»
Let's get a little closer to the present: October 17, 2005. The setting is
the first floor of the old international terminal of the Arturo Merino
Benítez airport, in Pudahuel, and the action takes place inside one of
the booths of the Investigative Police, in which the detective on duty
notifies one of the most faithful followers of William Branham, the
German pastor Ewald Frank, that he does not have authorization to
enter the country.
Frank tries to convince the young officer that he does not represent
a danger to the nation or anything like that, but the detective is
unfazed, as the instructions he sees on his screen are clear: Ewald
Frank cannot enter Chile due to a decision by the Ministry of Interior.
For this reason, he stamps the corresponding "rejected" stamp on his
passport. After several hours inside a transit hall, the preacher has no
choice but to board a flight back to his place of origin, the city of
Krefeld, near Bonn.
In the same way, he asserted that "in the last forty-two years I have
preached, evangelized throughout the world, similar to the way of Mr.
Billy Graham.24 I have preached in more than one hundred and thirty
countries, also in Russia, China and in twelve Islamic countries
without even the slightest objection from any government or church."
He had dictated on the basis of slander, since it had been pointed out
that he was "a second Paul Schäfer", in circumstances that he claimed
not to know him or to have ever exchanged a word with him.
In the same way, he described Colonia Dignidad as a "Nazi
dictatorship", asserting that in forty years no Catholic priest or
evangelical pastor cared about the settlers, but, referring to himself in
the third person, affirmed that "it was Ewald Frank who in their first
visit brought them their human dignity, human rights and freedom of
faith."
That was not all. Also imbued with the ideas of the latter rain and
the prophets of the last days, he said that “for these people it was a
new beginning. In the beginning of the New Testament, since John
the Baptist appeared, adult people were baptized. Do they want to
prohibit me from doing that?», he asked Velasco.
In the same legal action, his lawyer, Sergio Rodríguez Oro, a well-
known defender of former DINA members, as well as of some of the
leaders of the colony, said that "the protected person tried to enter the
country on October 17, 2005 for the effects of celebrating a marriage
of two faithful of the religion that he professes, since he is a minister
of Branhamite worship". This information was different from what
appears in other documents in the case, particularly in minute 291 of
the PDI, which contains the processing of the amparo and indicates
that when Frank was prevented from entering the country in 2005, he
He pointed out that "the reason for his trip was to visit former members
of Colonia Dignidad, those who were detained at that time, Gerhard
Mücke and Gerd Seewald." The same resource specified what the
Brahamite cult consisted of: «It is Christian in nature and its doctrinal
basis is based on the fact that the only valid source for faith is Holy
Scripture, in addition to William Branham's recognition of supernatural
graces and God's guidance. ».
According to the lawyer Rodríguez, before 2005 Frank had entered
Chile three times, but that is not consistent with the records held by
the authorities, since his immigration record indicates that before 2005
he was in the country seven times, the first of them in a trip of only two
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days, in August 1998, a few months after Schäfer's escape from the
colony, which occurred at the end of 1997.
After that, always in very short trips, he traveled in the years 2000, 2001
(twice), 2004 (twice) and 2005, when he also arrived in Chile twice, in
February and in June, until in October they denied him the access.
The same was indicated by the German journalist Ulla Fröhling, who
stated that indeed at that time Schäfer met Frank and not only that.
According to her, during those days in Germany strong ties were forged
between him, Branham, Schäfer and some of his lieutenants, including
Alfred Matthusen, Walter Laube and Gerhard Mücke.26 For his part,
Hempel adds that, for a long time, the relationship between the colony,
Frank and Branham (until his death in 1965) was developed through
Mücke's wife, Briggite Baak.
According to the lawyer, she was the one who invited Frank to take over
as spiritual leader of the neighborhood after the escape of the pedophile.
In any case, it is clear that until July 2022, at the end of this investigation,
Frank was still acting as the spiritual guide of
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the ex-settlers who escaped from Chilean justice and fled to Germany.
In fact, the most famous fugitive from the colony, the doctor Hartmut
Hopp, convicted in Chile for concealing sexual abuse against minors,
did not settle in the German city of Krefeld by chance, but because
Frank's church is there. . It is also no coincidence that other important
leaders of the colony who fled from Chilean justice, such as Albert
Schreiber, have come to Krefeld, and that many others have done
the same, despite the fact that Krefeld does not have many ties to
Schäfer's sect, whose initial headquarters was in the city of Siegburg,
located one hundred kilometers to the south.
For many people, Frank is the most pristine heir to Branham, with
whom he grew close after their initial meeting.
As he himself recounted, in 1958 he traveled to see the Master in
Dallas — where Roy E.
Davis—, after which he founded The Free People's Mission, in
Krefeld, a temple in which he preached on the doctrine of the latter
rain and the end times.
Regarding the North American, the official website of La Misión Popular
Libre compares him with the Apostle Paul and also with Saint John the Baptist.
They say he is a prophet, a seer, and the man chosen by God to
reignite the flames of evangelism after World War II.
said: "My servant, the time is drawing near when they will listen to you.
Stock up on food and supplies, for a great famine is coming.”28 Shortly
thereafter, Frank traveled back to the United States, to tell Branham of
his supposed relief. After brainy hermeneutics sessions, they decided
that the food to which the revelation referred were, in fact, the recordings
of the American's sermons. However, as it becomes clear a little later,
the German in the end put the interpretations aside and seems to have
taken the message literally.
Frank continued in contact with Branham until his death and then with
his children, with the hierarchs that surrounded him and with their
children, in a scheme similar to that of Colonia Dignidad, according to
which those who today hold economic power are the children of who in
the first moments of the sect were close to Schäfer. He forged a huge
economic fabric, just as it did with Branham, whose main parent is the
company that distributes his sermons, Voice of God Recordings.
In any case, there have always been very wealthy people around The
Message. One of them, Deb recounted, was Tatos Kardashian, the
patriarch of the celebrity family of the same last name, an Armenian who
emigrated from Russia to the United States in 1913, at which time he
changed his first name to Tom.
In Los Angeles, and already possessing a fortune, Kardashian married
Hanna Shakarian, niece of Demos Shakarian, one of the most important
hierarchs of The Message. Because of this, according to Deb, Kardashian
funded a "healing camp" in California.
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Referring to his relatives, he points out that "they all live in the luxury
and comfort of the modern world", despite the fact that none of them had
ever worked, to later ensure that his father had been murdered.
Sarah Branham spent two months in the hospital. Upon returning home,
she says that her mother was very nervous and asked her how much she
remembered of the moments before the accident, and then added that
whatever it was, she would take it with her to the grave.
Later, he showed him a note left by his father, in which he had written
an enigmatic phrase: "I will be betrayed."
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by someone very close to me. Later, according to her, the page of the
notebook where the phrase was was torn out by Billy, her older
brother, whom she accuses of impersonating him after the death of
their father to transfer the company that was in his name. to another
entity.
At the time of his death, his father would have left an inheritance of
more than three million dollars at the time, of which he claims not to
have received any part; unlike Billy, who he says “suddenly started
handling large sums of money. He built himself a home to his liking,
with gold fittings and designer furniture."
According to the letter, in May 1989 she had a vision, in which she
saw her father preaching to a crowd, at which point "they told me to
go see Brother Frank." He says that before that he asked if the voice
that ordered him that was referring to Frank. "Yes, go see Brother
Frank in Germany." Thus, "at the beginning of June of that year I
spent a week in the Mission in Krefeld, West Germany."
Sarah then wrote that "since I was told to go see brother Frank, I
spoke confidentially with him," without giving any further details, but it
appears that Frank persuaded her not to sue her brothers, which is
what she apparently said. I wanted to do.
Less than a decade later, Frank landed in Parral to carry out a mass
baptism. A former member of Colonia Dignidad, Georg Laube, pointed
out to Ciperchile that those who today manage what was left of the
old organization "are from the sect of Pastor Ewald Frank, and in their
religion women are second-class people, sex is a sin and all that".
One of those baptized, according to the same investigation, was
Hartmut Hopp.
In fact, when Martin Mathussen, one of the
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quite clear about the relations of the Krefeld pastor with the sect
settled in Chile.
The first indication that there was a very old relationship between
the two groups was found in a letter discovered among the documents
seized along with the arsenals. Dated June 6, 1970, it was addressed
to Hermann Schmidt—the nominal president of the colony—by "Your
people from Sieburg," an affiliate that had been the colony's first
headquarters before Schäfer decided to flee to the end of the world,
after being accused of sexual abuse in the area. Later, the
headquarters was managed for years by Hugo Bäar.
This letter and two others are related to the purchase and trafficking
of arms for the colony in Parral, through a person who is mentioned
with the ingenious cover name of "Mr.
Krefeld».
The first of them began by noting that "regarding the INFRA RED
special request, I immediately contacted Mr.
Krefeld. I will send you the answers you ask me for”,32 the senders
noted, explaining that “in Germany these things are subject to strict
controls, because they are only intended for the military and the
police” and specified that the acquisition of this item could be even
more complex. to buy weapons
To achieve this, the senders added -although most likely it was only
one, Hugo Bäar-, it was necessary to decide quickly. But there was a
problem: the prices were high and what they called "The Special Box"
was out of funds and "these things" had to be paid immediately, for
which they requested that they be deposited in the account of the
Private Social Mission (MSP, the original name of Colonia Dignidad in
Germany) at Deutsche Bank. They said goodbye asking if they had in
their possession "A brochure on the INFRARED technique", promising
to send it later, if not.
Among the things they were buying with the help of Mr.
Krefeld counted eight helmets with masks, four infrared light barriers,
radio receivers, an infrared camera, a small-format camera with
photosensitive film roll, nine voice inverters for radiotelephony,
decoders, an infrared aiming device, a detector of land mines and
another submarine, as well as a Homing No. 900 metascope (a night
vision telescope).
Two other cards completed the picture. The first was sent on
October 8, 1970 from Germany to Chile and the other is a reply in
reverse, from October 12. But before referring to them, it is necessary
to dwell on the dates, which are very important, since the first one
was sent only thirty-four days after the socialist Salvador Allende won
the presidential election on September 4 of that year.
Since it did not obtain more than fifty percent of the votes, on
October 24 the full Congress had to choose who would lead the
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country for the next six years from among the two largest votes, that
is, Allende and former president Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez.
It was a fact that the person ratified would be Salvador Allende and
that idea had plunged the leader of the Parralina sect into a state of
extreme paroxysm, which is reflected in the letters, which show that
weapons were being acquired very rapidly because, As these letters
seem to indicate, the sect was part of a plan designed to prevent
Allende from taking office as president by force.
Yes, we are talking about the 1970 coup attempt, in which the CIA
and the DIA (US military intelligence), sectors of the army, Chilean
ultra-nationalists and, as we now know, Colonia Dignidad were
involved. In all this framework, “Mr. Krefeld" was an important part in
the acquisition of defense supplies, both in Germany and in the United
States.
The first letter, that of October 8, was sent by Hugo Bäar from
Siegburg. It was without an envelope and mentions some "oxygen
tubes" and supposed "PARI measurement and inhalation" equipment;
that is, medical equipment that had been sent through Lufthansa to
Chile.
Regarding the latter, Bäar expresses his hope that they will not
have problems at customs and adds that along with that letter are the
instructions for use of these two devices "from Krefeld to Eugen". He
adds that a third team will be sent once they know how the first two
arrived (that is, if they had been able to evade customs) and also
warns that he would soon send another two oxygen tubes "with the
other thing" (generally, what was traveling inside the tubes were
unarmed rifles), in addition to "other potatoes and some eggs."
sample for a demo and they promised to send it, but unfortunately it
will never be before six weeks, because they have to go through
several instances first ».
Then he referred, again, to the "cleaning liquid", which, judging by
the comment he made next, was tear gas, as he detailed that there
were three types and that "the strongest is so good that any little filth
will surrender to him", causing crying, breathing difficulties and
incapacity.
At the end he said goodbye with "affectionate greetings."
The return letter, dated October 12, 1970, was headlined
VERTRAULICH!!! (confidential), and although it does not have a
name, its author was evidently Schäfer, due to its contents, and its
addressee, Hugo Bäar.
In the letter, the sender began by telling Bäar that on Sunday he
had been at the house of his good friend Mario Mujica, in Parral, and
that there he had learned some unfortunate news: that the "pepper
injection" would only arrive six weeks later.33 Schäfer also noted that
he had been losing hope of "getting out of this without bloodshed," in
reference to Allende's election, and argued that one of the ideas he
had was to gas-spray the front of a shed, although it is not well
understood in what context.
In the same way, he said that they were going to need a lot of
practical and intellectual work, especially in relation to chemistry and
"mass manufacturing", since "we don't have much experience in it",
thus referring to the manufacture of weapons of all kinds: grenades,
submachine guns, machine guns, rifles, flamethrowers and toxic
gases, including sarin.
Next, the sender lamented to his interlocutor in Germany: "I would
have liked to have something very quickly, but the most difficult thing
is that they send the fodder here - that is, the ammunition - in the
quantity that is needed."
Then he detailed a series of ideas related to how to mount a radio
antenna in the MSP that would allow them to communicate directly
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with Chile (as they finally did). To do this, it specifies that "it would be
necessary to ask Mr. Krefeld if Konrad or another person he trusted
or from radio control have this additional equipment and with them
capture the (illegible word) if it is possible to listen to the procedure in
Morse code from third parties."
Further on, he pointed out that Mr. Krefeld himself should indicate
to them, apparently regarding the transmissions he planned to carry
out between Chile and Germany, "if there are possibilities of being
detected." If that were the case, he added, they would connect only a
few hours a day, in case of an emergency.
This document has a third mention of Mr. Krefeld, since Schäfer
wondered if, regarding the “pepper injections, perhaps Mr. Krefeld
could not do something in the United States, taking into account the
characteristics of the CD (Colonia Dignidad).
In that case, naturally, two, three or four of these pieces of equipment
would have to be bought at the same time, so that the trip would be
worthwhile for him and also for us. But hey, that's my idea", adding
later that "we are impatient for the cleaning to finally be done and the
ghost of Allende to vanish forever."
lots of 'red' blood', before going into technical details about two types
of fodder that had just arrived.
Thanks to these details, everything indicates that it refers to rifle-
propelled grenades, such as those discovered in the 2005 raids, an
occasion in which the documents related to the shipment of oxygen
tubes, which were sent as a donation, were also recovered. of the
MSP for the Colonia Dignidad hospital.
Let us dwell for a few seconds on the final part of Schäfer's letter,
which shows that he was fully aware that there was an ongoing coup
attempt, whose objective was to prevent Salvador Allende from taking
office as president of Chile.
Said coup is exhaustively documented through declassified North
American archives, thanks to which we know that the conspiracy
plans were activated between September 15 and 17, 1970, when the
Chilean journalist businessman Agustín Edwards traveled to
Washington DC and, through the owner of Pepsi Cola, Donald
Kendall, managed to meet with the director of the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) and with the attorney general of the United States, who
brought Edwards' request to Richard Nixon.
that were entered into Chile through the US diplomatic pouch and
delivered by the head of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) in
Santiago, Colonel Paul Wimert, although the sending entity was the
Central Intelligence Agency, the CIA.
In other words, Schäfer was aware of two key elements. The first
is that someone named "Eduard" (which is how the name or surname
Edward is written in German) participated in the events. The second
element is that, although Schäfer (like Branham and all his entourage)
hated the assassinated President John Kennedy, the mention of his
last name must be understood as a veiled way of referring to the
United States and its participation in the plot. It is difficult, however,
to know what he meant by "The brother on the side." Argentina?
Canada? England?
What is clear is that Schäfer was aware of Washington's concern
about what was happening in Chile and also that "the utensils" and
fodder had been provided from there, which, he said, was something
very "comforting." In other words, he knew that there were weapons
and ammunition available to the conspirators, provided by US
intelligence, something that very few people in Chile knew about.
The official letter with which the Human Rights Brigade sent images
to the judge specified that these images had been captured "in a
missionary center in Krefeld, Germany, where the church, printing
press and television studios of that ministry are located."
The video was dated July 29 of that same year, 2005, and at the
twenty-ninth minute it was possible to see Albert Schreiber and his
wife in the audience. He was one of the most important fugitives in
the colony, whom Chilean justice had also been looking for for seven
years and there he was, as one of Frank's flock.
The work of the Krefeld pastor in Parral during 1998 and in February
and June 2005 was fruitful for him. In his various trips, he led mass
baptisms of colonists in the Perquilauquén River and also officiated
at some marriages, although it was not to everyone's liking, not just
Müller.
Gerd Seewald pointed out in his court statements that in
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During the years that Frank was prohibited from entering Chile, he
wasted no time, because according to researcher Jan Stehle,36 at least
two of his most faithful followers, Urs Graff and Helmut Myskies, traveled
to preach to the Parral sect.
It is worth mentioning that the last time Hartmut Hopp was seen inside
the colony was on April 30, 2011, just when Graffen was leading a
religious act in which Hopp was present.
Some time later, he would appear already based in Krefeld.
After the Supreme Court agreed with Frank at the end of 2014, he
entered Chile on at least one more occasion.
Currently, the propagation of latter rain ideas is in the hands of at least
two settlers from the younger generations.
fenced off on the outskirts of Harare, the capital of the country, inside
which there were several cabins where his eleven wives and thirty
children lived, as well as his closest collaborators. He had for himself
a luxurious two-story mansion, decorated with "exquisite furnishings
in most of the rooms."37 A large impressionist painting showing
Jesus flanked by William Branham and himself was displayed in the
central hall.
After being arrested in 2014, accused of the rape of at least nine
women, the pastor told the police that the furniture was to be donated
to the poor and that the large amount of pornography seized in one
of the rooms was actually , material that the new followers gave him
for his destruction.
Like Branham and Schäfer, Gumbura handled large sums of
money, as many executives of one of Zimbabwe's largest banks,
Stanbic Bank, were members of the sect, thanks to which they had
a constant flow of money. Like the Messiah of Colonia Dignidad, he
deeply despised democracy and had been implicated in an attempted
coup in 2007. 38
Part II
Parral's Messiah
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Chapter 7
the final speech
from the history of Colonia Dignidad, the nuns of San Manuel, whom
Schäfer was convinced were communists disguised as women. Then it
would be the Freemasons, the Rosicrucians, and even members of the
Army's Military Intelligence Service, to name a few.
It was not a simple question. All the attendees understood that the
message was unequivocal: something had to be done and, in the
paranoid logic of the colony, that meant only one thing.
The moment was critical for Schäfer, who was clear that a final stage
was approaching for his sect, because after almost four decades of
absolute impunity, at the end of 1996 an event had happened that was
previously unthinkable: Chilean justice began to
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act against the colony, five years after a first milestone, which occurred
when President Patricio Aylwin ordered the dissolution of its legal personality.
Although the community lawyers had already sniffed out the environment
very well and, consequently, had transferred the properties of the community
to a series of anonymous companies —among them Abratec, Agripalma,
Bardana, Cinaglosa and Cerro Florido it was a very strong signal , after
—, almost forty years during which the Chilean authorities had preferred to
look to the side every time one of the countless crimes within the enclave
was reported, especially those in which the hand of its leader, Paul Schäfer
Schneider, was guessed. .
It was not, of course, the first time that someone, somewhere in the
Chilean judicial, police or administrative structure, had such an occurrence,
but all those who had confronted the sect had ended badly.
The first authority that challenged Schäfer, the mayor of Linares Héctor
Taricco, ended up dismissed from his post by Parliament. For his part,
within the community, Wolfgang Knesse, the first young man to try to
escape, was not only recaptured twice —with the complicity of the
Carabineros in one of the cases— and returned to the enclave, but also
ended up convicted of alleged insults and slander, in a ruling that the
Supreme Court of Justice reversed only in 2016. Both cases occurred in
the 1960s, with democratically elected governments. In 1968, in fact, there
was a first investigative commission in the Chamber of Deputies, which
concluded that nothing anomalous was happening in the colony, just as the
German embassy in Santiago had pointed out for nearly thirty years.
Then, when the first serious onslaught began in 1996 and did not let up,
it became clear to Schäfer that time was running out very quickly and that
maybe, maybe, if any of those pesky emissaries of the devil were out of
sight, he would have still a few years to continue abusing children, the only
thing that really mattered to him.
According to different testimonies, the night of the video was the last time
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Schäfer, Gerlach and Schmidt got out of the jeep and got into the
two cars.
According to another source, the Chileans were subjects related to
intelligence agencies of the military dictatorship, who would have
transferred Schäfer at full speed to the city of Los Angeles, where he
remained hidden for two more days. There he was picked up by his
great friend Maximiliano Rudolph, the pilot of the colony, the same one
who months before, in a crude distractive maneuver, had posed as
Schäfer in a hotel in Bariloche.
This time, however, Schäfer was sitting next to him, in a four-seater
plane in which they made a risky trip, circumventing the Andes
mountain range at the height of Alto Biobío, to later land in the
Argentine pampas, where « the permanent uncle” was expected by
other members of the colony, who welcomed him not only to see him
again, but also because he had three or four large suitcases full of
dollars.
Although the colony came to have a large number of accounts and
deposits in banks in Chile, the United States, Germany, the Cayman
Islands, St. Kitts and Neves, Canada, Uruguay, Liechtenstein and
other countries, all money received in cash from the colony
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In April of that year, both had already escaped from the colony and
were at the premises of the German embassy in Chile, on Las
Hualtatas avenue, in the upper neighborhood of Santiago.
In front of them were the then consul of that country in Santiago,
Ulrich Fischer, and two of their most bitter enemies, according to what
their former leader had led them to believe: Wolfgang Kneese and the
lawyer Hernán Fernández, two of the most tenacious pursuers that
Paul Schäfer had in life.
Seeing the lawyer, one of the ex-settlers came over to shake his
hand and thank him for all he had done. Fernández, in turn, thanked
him for the recognition. It was perhaps that gesture that led the first to
tell him something that had been choked in his throat for many years.
with the aim of assassinating him. Just like that: murder him. Moral
issues about it? Any transgression of religious or civil precepts? Any.
The leader had suggested it and that was law for them.
quite clear that it was most likely that they would end their days in jail, as
punishment for the multiplicity of crimes committed with their leader.
How could they not? They had grown up thinking that "the permanent
uncle", the führer, "the master", as some even called him, was a messiah,
an exceptional being who had the gift of communicating with God.
Who best expressed the level of indoctrination that Schäfer imposed was
Hugo Bäar, second in command of the sect until his escape at the end of
1984, after which he gave an extensive statement in the German city of
Cologne: "Mr. Schäfer is
the only and final authority. He is the only pastor of all (and) knows everything
about everyone," he said.
His testimony, the first given by one of the leaders of the colony, is key to
understanding its composition, how it spread and how it came to control so
many people.
Bäar related that, after several years of studies in the Association of Free
Communities of Germany, he received his preaching degree in 1949. As
always happens in the postwar period, thousands, perhaps millions of people
sought solace in religion and, therefore, there were a significant number of
pastors or pseudo-pastors circulating everywhere.
One of them was Paul Schäfer Schneider, whom he met in the early fifties
at a kind of outdoor show organized by him in Brunswick.
Chapter 8
doctor schneider
The forensic report specified that, in terms of the prisoner's life, one
of the events that marked him as a child was having lost his right eye.
In this regard, the researcher Paul Friedrich Heller points out
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that "as a child he was irascible and in a fit of rage he emptied one
eye",45 although in his research on the sect, Álvaro Rojas gave a
different version. In it he mentions that "as a child and while trying to
untie a shoelace with a fork, he lost his right eye", as a result of which
a glass prosthesis was grafted.46
But let's go back to his younger years. Gemballa recounts that one
of Schäfer's first jobs after the war was as a children's manager at an
evangelical community church in Pirvitscheide, east of Bonn, from
which he was expelled on suspicion of child abuse. Despite this,
several young people had already entered his circle of followers and
it began to grow rapidly thanks to his street preaching, in which he
not only insinuated that he was sent by God, but also made use of a
resource that had given excellent results. results to Branham:
announcing that the apocalypse was fast approaching and that
humanity was in the age of "the latter rain."
land with money from their own tithes, from the inheritances of some
and from the pensions of others.
As Bäar would recount much later, there was a wooden cabin there
that began to be enlarged in order to build a children's home run by
Schäfer, despite the fact that on paper the director was Schmidt, a
former Luftwaffe officer.
In 1956 the circle of friends went on to have a more official name:
Private Social Mission (MSP), a name very similar to the one that
currently identifies Ewald Frank's group in Krefeld, Free Popular
Mission, MPL.
The first president of the MSP was Hugo Bäar, although he clarified
that it was just a facade, an invented position, since he continued to
preach everywhere at that time that "the true rector of work" was
Schäfer.
The proselyte base grew very quickly and was nourished by more
young men, among them Johann van Den Berg would later become
one of the leaders of the colony.
He was born in Gronau, north of Bonn, but in 1956 he went to live
in the MSP, after meeting Mücke and Schäfer at a holiday camp. "We
became friends and (the latter) invited me to Siegburg," he
commented, explaining that his decision to leave the family home
was based on the fact that "after the war I had many financial
problems, I was cold, (I had) an uncle and a cousin killed in the war,
in Russia. I was very sorry in my soul, I wanted to help children in
poor condition, orphans, without parents ».
Rudolf Collen, another of the young men, recounted for his part: «I
met Paul Schäfer in a suburb of the city of Hamburg in 1950, at a
meeting of Christians. I then followed Paul to the city of Möchen-
Gladbach, where I worked as a carpenter at the Maria Hilf hospital. I
did repair work at that hospital, as there was a lot of damage from the
war. I did not participate as a soldier in the aforementioned world war,
I only participated together with the Hitler youth at first, in Hamburg”.50
Another who was part of the beginnings of the sect was Wilhelm
Wagner: “in 1956 in Germany, in circumstances that
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Chapter 9
escape to the end of the world
to them and only to them; that is, a message that is never fully transmitted
to its adherents, perhaps because of that old idea that the strength of
secrets lies not so much in the secret itself as in the fact of possessing it.
The one who is the bearer of secrets forbidden to others is, therefore, a
chosen one, someone superior to the rest of mortals, a being endowed
with divinity, the only one capable of guiding his flock towards the promised
land or who will make it possible for them to leave. their earthly bodies and
ascend to a planet hidden behind a comet, or any other nonsense of this
kind.
Thus, in the 20th century the world knew saucer sects, such as Heaven's
Gate; cults based on a Beatles song, such as that of Charles Manson,
who believed that Helter Skelter contained secret messages intended for
him; anti-communist sects, such as the Moon; others dedicated to group
sex, such as the Rajneesh movement, and many more.
West, the leader, is rightly psychopathic and often "charming, brilliant and
very persuasive. They quickly gain people's trust and are mysteriously
prone to manipulating and conning people."
He had mental illnesses that could affect his sense of reality and
render him incapable of standing trial. The leader of the colony, as
well as the hierarchs who accompanied him for years, was a cold
criminal and lacking in empathy, who also had a very structured plan
for his ultimate purpose, which was to abuse children. In addition, he
lied compulsively. On the few occasions when he came forward to
testify in court, starting in 2005, he always denied everything: he knew
nothing about weapons, sexual abuse, disappeared detainees,
nothing at all, despite the fact that at that point most of his hierarchs,
trying to find a way out for themselves, had begun to talk to the police
and justice. He was also an obsessive paranoid. Paranoia is a trait
that very often occurs in the type of messianic leader, who habitually
believes that he is persecuted by sinister powers that inhabit the
world outside the community they have formed. Hence, they confine
their proselytes with the argument of protecting them from the
antichrist, from 5G, chemtrails, or whatever. And while publicly they
make up a fantasy out of paranoia, privately it's because, at some
point, the police will descend on them.
place to settle (as Jim Jones would do just a couple of years later).
In this regard, Hugo Bäar recounted that «in 1960 Mr. Schäfer, Mr.
Schmidt and I undertook a three-month trip through various Arab
countries and through Israel, by car, to learn about the social situation
and work with orphans. Mr. Schäfer returned a month earlier, leaving
Jordan.'
There are two aspects of that journey that, however, Bäar omitted.
The first of them is that what they were doing was looking for a place
to settle. The second, that Schäfer returned from that trip with an
irregularly adopted child in Palestine. His name: Hussein Siam.
that "when taking statements from the boys who lived in the home,
the officials did not find any confirmation for such crimes."
Another fact that Bäar was careful not to mention is that Schmidt
and Schäfer's flight to Santiago was not alone. They were
accompanied, in the same row of seats, by a third German, of whom
we only know his last name, Falk. Since he had already begun to
suspect that there was something strange in those two subjects, he
would later tell Rudi Cohn —another German, who welcomed them
into his house in the La Reina commune for a long time— that in the
middle of the trip he became the one asleep to hear what they both
said: «They would found a company with Germans brought to Chile,
they would make them work for free, since they had heard about
Chilean legislation, which allowed social contributions -retirement and
health insurance- not to be paid to members of a benevolent society.
Nor was it necessary to pay salaries. In this way, they could make
people work for free, thereby making huge profits, but at that moment
they realized that I was listening and changed their attitude towards
me, treating me very antagonistically.”57 But Schäfer not only chose
the country because of Falk's references, but because of a very
important aspect, and which has become evident in recent years:
there is no extradition treaty with Germany, something essential for
those who are fleeing from justice.
Indeed, Hartmut Hopp, who in 2011 was sentenced to serve an
effective sentence of five years and one day as an accessory after
the sexual abuse of Schäfer, today enjoys complete impunity because
he managed to escape to Krefeld. The same happened with Albert
Schreiber and much more recently with Reinhard Döhring, a key man
regarding the information on the whereabouts of the remains of the
political prisoners executed inside the premises.
Schäfer certainly knew what he was doing, but moving more than
a hundred people from one continent to another is not that easy. In
addition to money, significant amounts of persuasion are needed,
and the main argument for this was obviously religious. Georg
Packmor recounted that most of the
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people who left the first world to settle in the foothills of the Andes did
so "because they were convinced they were going to the promised
land, the promised paradise."
But of course, that wasn't reason enough for everyone.
Wolfgang Kneese points out that, in fact, at least three other excuses
were invented to justify Germany's departure. Those within the sect,
especially children, were told they had to leave because the Russians
would invade the country; The Chilean authorities, including the
ambassador to Germany, Arturo Mascke, were told that they would
travel to help the orphans of the Valdivia earthquake, while the parents
of the children who were being abducted were reassured that there
was nothing wrong with them. What to worry about, because the
young people would go on a musical tour of Denmark and return
soon.58 However, they were not the only versions. Gerhard Mücke
would say that the reason for leaving Heide was that "space was
very small". Wilhelm Wagner, in turn, recalled that “on one occasion,
Schäfer, while we were in a meeting, told us that we would travel to
Chile in order to teach the word of the Lord and help poor and sick
people.
As we were coming out of the Second World War and with the
purpose of opting for a better personal and family life, Schäfer asked
us to sell all our belongings, to raise enough money and be able to
fulfill our dreams of peace and harmony in Chile»59.
Rudolf Collen heard something similar: «The fact is that after this
home had been running for about four or five years, Schäfer held a
meeting where he stated that there were problems due to the religion
they professed and that he was going to request the company of two
people to go out. to find a new home in distant lands.”60
For his part, Willi Malessa recalled that on any given day in 1960
or 1961, just as it happened thirty-six years later in Chile, they simply
stopped seeing Schäfer. A few months after he disappeared, "one of
his trusted men, Kurt Schnellenkamp, took several children in a van to
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Then they bought a farm, San Manuel, which had formerly belonged to
Italian settlers, in the Catillo sector, some thirty-five kilometers to the
east of Parral, at the foot of the foothills and with a beautiful natural
environment, especially due to the snow-capped peaks. of the mountain
range, which undoubtedly remind one of the Bavarian landscapes.
Through front companies, they bought real estate in other cities such
as Parral —there, a house owned by the sect was later ceded to DINA
—, Santiago, in the Ñuñoa commune, where they had a large house, or
Concepción.
It was in this last city where they kept important bank accounts and
where Fernando's law firm was located.
Saenger, who for years represented Schäfer, but cut ties when he
decided not to go to court summons, to
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from 1997, and also where the doctor Hartmut Hopp worked in a
private clinic.
Later, the city of Los Angeles became another epicenter of activity
for the colony.
At the same time, the MSP continued to maintain an office in
Siegburg, but very few privileged people were able to travel, not even
to places as close as Parral or San Carlos, the other commune close
to the main property. In reality, for the majority of the inhabitants of
the property, the only thing that existed was confinement.
Proof of this is the ordeal experienced by Wolfgang Müller Lilischies
- today Wolfgang Kneese - who met Schäfer in 1957, when he was
twelve years old and living in Heide, when his mother sent him on
fourteen days of vacation to the home run by the excavato german.
For Knesse, that moment was "the beginning of years of unimaginable
oppression, slavery and torture", since he was never able to leave
there again, he was prevented from any kind of communication with
his mother, Vera Lilishkies, he was forced to work, and what it is even
worse, subjected to the abuses of the leader. The young man was
one of the first people sent to Chile. Already in Parral he began to
think about escaping. In June 1962 he tried for the first time mounted
on a horse until the Panamericana. At the first service station he
found, he left the horse tied to a post, with a piece of paper indicating
that both the animal and the saddle belonged to Colonia Dignidad.
That day it was raining torrentially and, not knowing what to do or
where to go, and barely stammering a little Spanish, he hitchhiked
until a family from Chillana stopped and took him home.
that the colony kept in Ñuñoa, from where he managed to make his
second escape. Thus, he arrived in San Bernardo and managed to go
to Chillán to seek help with the same family that had helped him before,
who found him lodging with some friends in Temuco.
He had been there for about two weeks when a police patrol appeared
and took him out of the place and returned him to the neighborhood,
without explanation.
Gemballa recounts in his book that the recaptured Wolfgang had his
hair cut very short and "he was sentenced not to speak for three years.
He always received less to eat and drink than the other workers in the
field. In the camp cemetery I had to dig graves.
Kneese assured that “the repression after the capture was as brutal
as in the first escape. This time they isolated me, I had to sleep in a cell.
One day they told me I had a disease and they started giving me pills
every day." Realizing that the pills made him dizzy, he began to avoid
taking them, hiding them under his tongue when he was required to open
his mouth to see if he had swallowed them. But, of course, it didn't take
them long to realize the deception, so the colony's doctors replaced the
pills with injections. In the same way, they dressed him in red during the
day and white at night, to make it easier to identify him in case he tried
to escape.
arrive at a small restaurant in Catillo, where they gave him food and
new clothes. Thanks to the help received, he was able to reach Parral
and take a train to Santiago. There he immediately went to the German
embassy. They took statements from him for several hours and sent
him to the German nursing home in Pudahuel, where, at the request of
the diplomatic legation, he was kept in the custody of the PDI.
Said measure, it would be verified later, was more than necessary,
since on March 8, 1967, fifteen settlers tried to assault the home to
kidnap him. However, the presence of the police frustrated the plans of
the failed assailants, some of whom were arrested. The event caused
a lot of interest in the press and in the following days the young fugitive
was interviewed by various media, which the colony used to file a
complaint against him.
According to a lawsuit for libel filed against him by lawyer Luis Ortiz
Quiroga, Kneese had told Ercilla magazine that "his former colleagues
from the neighborhood are looking for him to kill him." Likewise, they
found it insulting that he said that "we in the Colony are slaves and we
lead a life of dogs"; In the same way, that a third person, Melania
Sepúlveda, owner of the restaurant in the Cuatro Esquinas sector,
where they had helped him, pointed out to the newspaper Las Últimas
Noticias that, according to Müller, they were chasing him with dogs
and carbines, in addition to adding that "he told us that they beat them
when they did not do the work well, that they locked them in a basement
and tied the girls by the arms to the wall and whipped them».
Dignity, they were hosted and cared for, they gave him small and
large gifts.
On February 25, 1967, Müller/Kneese was sentenced in the first
instance by the Parral Court of First Instance, Hernán Olate Melo. In
the midst of all these ups and downs, the young man had already
spent several months in jail, accused by the directors of Colonia
Dignidad of alleged acts of sexual connotation -in circumstances in
which he was the victim- and was not willing to go to jail again. .
Chapter 10
Herd of Pigs!
From William Branham, Schäfer embraced the ideas that were most
accommodating to his goals and, of course, discarded others, as did
Jim Jones, Leo Mercier, Robert Gumbura, and other sectarian
leaders. His main emphases, inherited from the American, were on
three formidable mind control mechanisms.
One of the rules that existed within the farm, as Bäar explained,
was that "about everything that has been discussed in a meeting or
conversation within a group, or about things that one finds out about,
even by chance You cannot talk to any other person, not even with
the person who knows the matter, much less with others who know
nothing about it. This is valid both for the spouses towards each other
and for the behavior of the children towards the parents, and vice
versa. Children can never approach them with any personal problem,
with something that has happened, or with a question to their parents.
If the children had a problem at their workplace, the only competent
person was Mr. Schäfer or the group,
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Isolated from the outside world, separated from their families, forced
to work as slaves, sexually abused, stripped of money and identity
documents, and spied on in their privacy, hundreds of people lived for
decades under the rule of Schäfer, who did not even make the effort
to be cordial and close. At most, from time to time he released hollow
expressions like "my children."
It was strange upon arrival in Chile was the absolutely dominant tone,
not to say brutally cheeky, in which rudeness was not spared, which
was accepted by the members of the community. Indeed, Schäfer
began to constantly insult his already frightened followers, with
disqualifying, profane, humiliating expressions, as recorded in the
surviving audios. "Hlock of pigs!", "You're a snake!", "Shut your mouth,
you have nothing to claim here", "He must be a damn pig!", "You must
be a huge piece of shit" are some of the epithets with which he
rebuked them.
Like the good Branham heir that he was, Schäfer hated women.
When Lotti Packmor was made to travel from Germany to Parral in
1970, she was shocked to find that adolescent girls had practically no
underwear in good condition, much less comfortable.
Naive, she provided them with some clothes that she brought with
her and allowed some parents to share brief moments with their
daughters. After a few days, she was summoned to an assembly in
which everything revolved around her.
Schäfer reproached him that "how had it occurred to me to put
these girls in contact with fashion again that he had brought up so well
and so cleanly, with whom he had already had many problems, and
tell them about Germany and how things were going." in Germany".
girls about clothing stores, because "children here don't know such
things exist." As punishment, she was sent to work in the chicken coop,
but not before receiving a good dose of insults.
She also affirmed that “all the women of the farm are prohibited from
stepping on the carpentry, the electricity workshop, the lathe workshop,
the mechanics and locksmith workshop, the vulcanization workshop, etc.
The ban comes from Schäfer himself. Before the assembled village
community he said: "If I find a woman in a workshop, I will kick her to the
ground if she doesn't follow my orders."
Gerd Seewald would say years later on the matter that every time a
young woman flirted with a boy, she was punished because —following
Branham's teachings— "women had received their beauty from the devil,
to seduce men." 62
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Chapter 11
dreams and confession
As we have already said, one of the biblical stories that Schäfer liked
the most, like Branham, was the one related to the source of Bethesda.
In his preaching, he pointed out that it was "a place where miracles
happen", asserting that "these are historical facts", as if they were
scientifically proven data. He also affirmed that there the blind were
able to see and the lame to walk, arguing that "this happened" and
that they were "documented and historical" events.
As heard in one of the audios, "the Lord Jesus said that when two
or three meet in my name, I am there in the midst of them", to then
ask if he was Jesus, since they were gathered in his name, which led
a good part of the assembly to say yes and only one of its members,
hesitant, to mumble "no"».
by means of small gifts, (you have tied it) to your flesh, to your paternal
feelings, but not to God, to the true love of God, if you had communicated.
You seek to earn your life for yourself. And you lose. This afternoon you have
lost again... He has approached God and for that he has sacrificed you...
shamed before the whole community».
However, the boy could not take it anymore with his tormented conscience.
and ended up confessing to the crime.
Thats not all. Another surreal episode recorded by the audios is the theft
of two coffee jars, which were confessed to the assembly by their author, a
young man who had already had a similar problem months before, by stealing
some portions of kuchen.
Ordered by Schäfer to continue confessing other sins, the boy ended up
making a scandalous revelation: «More than a year ago I found a knife. It
was up there and I kept it." Schäfer branded him a thief of property, saying
that the knife was a deadly instrument, very dangerous, after which he began
to pressure him to admit if he had murdered someone with the weapon, after
which he began to yell at him in his harsh accent and guttural: “Acknowledge,
acknowledge, acknowledge, give it back, command! Clean! Fury!". The
screaming treatment gave its results, because then the transgressor reported
another serious crime: he kept a spool of sewing thread that his mother had
passed him.
The secret, according to Schäfer, was darkness, and that was against
God. He said that “God is just, God is the truth, God is light and he who strays
from those norms strays from God and enters darkness and makes mistakes.
If I avoid sunlight, I will get sick. Yes
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I enter the darkness, because that is where I feel best, I have not
been created for that, I have been created to live under the laws of
light and the sun».
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Chapter 12
breaking wills
Heinz Kuhn met Schäfer around 1955 or 56 through Bäar, and once
he fled, the latter was left in charge of the PSM, along with him.
However, shortly after the escape, he received an enigmatic call from
Santiago.
It was Hermann Schmidt, who told him that something had happened
to Schäfer and that he (Kuhn) had to travel to Chile immediately.
Alarmed, he did so, without realizing (he understood it when it was too
late) that it was all a stratagem designed with a single purpose: to
prevent him from getting married, something that could not be done
without the approval of the messiah.
Indeed, Kühn had become a boyfriend in Germany with another
young woman belonging to the sect, without asking anyone's
permission, as appropriate. He had even exchanged rings with her.
When he arrived in Santiago, Schmidt was waiting for him. The
journalist Mónica González pointed out in a report published in the
Análisis magazine in 1989,65 that he told her that Schäfer was dead.
From the airport, he took him to the house of Rudy Cohn, a German of
Jewish origin who lived in La Reina. To his surprise, there was Schäfer,
very much alive.66 At that time, Kuhn was accused of the worst moral
and sexual aberrations. They forced him to hand over his engagement
ring, his passport, his return ticket, and letters from his girlfriend. They
had him without food for almost three weeks and finally had to give all
his property to Schäfer. But perhaps the most tragic thing for him was
that he never heard from his girlfriend again, who was also part of the
Private Social Mission. Years later he would find out that that sweet
young woman who made him sigh was in the villa, turned into an expert
in the application of electroshocks.
He returned to work for the leader and participated in the search for
and purchase of the El Lavadero farm, from which they initially
acquired forty hectares. They then began harassing neighboring
homeowners to get them to sell.
Later on, and already settled in the Parral foothills, Kuhn was
appointed Schmidt's driver and in that capacity he had to accompany
him many times to the Parral Court, between 1964 and 1966, with a
very clear goal: to become friends with the secretary of the court and
obtain copies of the judicial case for sodomy, which they obtained at
a very low price: giving him bread, kuchenes and cookies. They did
something similar with the secretary of the Court of Appeals of Chillán,
who informed them about the decisions that the visiting minister who
was later appointed to hear the case would make.
One day in 1969, the keys to the youth dormitory were lost. They
accused Franz of having them and since they did not believe him
when he said that he did not know where they were, he received a
formidable beating from Schäfer himself and eight of his assistants,
all armed with thick telephone cables.
"Several times I fell. I had no air at all," he recalls,
breaking
down.67 After the beating, Franz was taken to the colony hospital,
where he remained confined for almost thirty years, during which he
received countless injections of unknown drugs and electroshocks, in
addition to suffering an attempted murder. Franz does not hesitate to
describe himself as a true guinea pig, who received at least three
injections daily from nurses Maria Strebe and Dorothea Witthahn,
Hopp's wife.
It was not until 2002 that Franz was finally able to leave the colony,
accompanied by his wife, Ingrid Szurgelies, and his in-laws.
They were in Germany for a while, but soon returned to Chile.
Uprooted, they lived in Chiloé, in Santiago and also in Lo Zárate, in
the sect led by Paola Olcese. After returning to Bulnes, they finally
settled in a rural area of Aysén.
In 1974, and while he was still hospitalized, one night several
hands pounced on Bäar and threw him out of a second-floor window,
due to which he suffered injuries that afflict him to this day, but he
categorically refuses to go. to any health center or see a needle near
you.
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Ingrid Szurgelies, Franz's wife, says that in turn the nurses were
monitored, in order to make sure that they applied to patients like him
the doses they were prescribed. The days after the coup, Franz
recounts, almost every night he heard terrifying moans, from people
who he supposes were being tortured there, although he clarifies that
"I don't know if they were detained-disappeared", since it could also
be other settlers.
What he is sure of is that he saw how Schäfer, Mücke and a soldier
beat a person on the floor, in an adjoining room. Shortly after, despite
his precarious state of health and still taking pills that kept him doped,
Franz was put to work on a circular saw. As expected, one fine day
he lost his balance and fell on the blade, which almost severed one
of his forearms, which shows the traces of the accident.
Chapter 13
the night terror
Today, she says that in the end she lost hope and preferred to convince
herself that her son was dead. Despite this, sometimes he thought that perhaps
it was not so and that one day he would come looking for her.
Dieter, meanwhile, was told as a child that his mother had died
giving birth to him. Officially, her father was Klaus Scholz Laube, with
whom she never had contact. I only saw it from afar, as part of the
scheme implemented by Schäfer, in order to destroy the concept of
family. They lived apart and the children were prevented from hearing
words like "mama" or "dad". The "correct" thing within the sect was to
call all adults "uncle" or "aunt".
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Like Franz and other colonists, Dieter always entertained the idea
of running away, but trapped in the strange world in which he lived, he
never dared to do so. However, in the 1990s he had a moment of
rebellion and one day he approached the German woman in charge
of the money and asked her for her salary. The woman looked at him
as if he had asked her to donate a kidney and asked him why he
wanted money.
—I signed my contract, why don't they pay with money? -answered
Dieter.
—You have everything for free here: food, where to sleep,
everything. You don't need money,” was her response, offended that
this young man had tried to receive payment for his work.
After so many years of horror, Dieter's life took a turn
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Obsessed with sex and restrictions on others —as was the case
with many totalitarian leaders— Schäfer had dictated that rule with
the aim of discovering those who masturbated, something strictly
prohibited in the colony, except for him. In fact, Hopp explained that
Schäfer “exploited in an unlimited way saying that masturbation was
religiously prohibited, but then he said that masturbation was allowed
only to him. He forced them to confess and, as a reward, he
masturbated them. He convinced me that masturbation was a sin and
that I had to confess it.”70 Then, as soon as a supposedly suspicious
movement was detected in the bedroom, the prevailing norm in the
colony was applied: hitting.
But many times the night watchmen went much further, as detailed
by Lotti Packmor, who explained that children had to lie on their
backs. Then, "behind each bed or every two beds there was a
watchman, among whom I was in the first period."
he was awake and therefore was beaten out of bed. But “if something
moved in the genital area, then the child was taken out and beaten
with the cattle whip, also on the testicles, and put under a cold
shower. The gentlemen who were present beat him and then returned
him to bed. It was cruel. I couldn't with that. He was not capable of
announcing “here, here is someone awake”». Consequently, Schäfer
removed her from there after a few days. Other testimonies, from a
time after the escape of the Packmors from the colony, show that the
alleged attempts at masturbation were repressed with the application
of electricity to the genitals.
Seelbach knew exactly what he was talking about, having been part
of the night watch for a long time. In this condition, he explained, one
day Schäfer gave him an electric prod to apply it to the boys' genitals,
because it was necessary to "fight sin." The reason? According to
Schäfer, their erections had to be controlled, as that was "a vice and
a sin." For this purpose, the charge nurses administered various
medications to the alleged sinners.
All this created in the youth the impression that marriage was dirty
and sinful. Schäfer often said that "father" and "mother" were any
man or woman who kept the word of God, thus eliminating the true
meaning of both terms.
While these were the laws and norms of relationship with the world
that Schäfer imposed on the youngsters, he sexually abused them
without inconvenience, helped by all his hierarchs, men and women
alike.
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Chapter 14
The third strategy
But those minors also grew and, faced with that fact, Schäfer
created "permanent vigilance", which was only a first step in that third
phase. Taking advantage of the fact that the parents of many children
were practically living outside the Parral compound, they were offered
to have their children stay inside the neighborhood from Friday
afternoon to Sunday night.
Unlike what Dieter, Franz and all those who grew up on the property
lived through in the sixties, seventies or eighties, the treatment
seemed to be different. There was no longer forced labor or beatings
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inside the villa, but children's games, songs and food, lots of food. It is
not surprising, then, that many of those future victims did not want to
return on Sunday night to their modest homes in Catillo, Perquilauquén,
San Gregorio or San Carlos, where there was no heating, no abundant
delicious food, and no arcade games. force or German rounds with
which to forget about poverty, cold and hunger. The third strategy
worked with German precision.
Many of these children began, little by little, to stay longer and longer
in the colony. The weekend usually turned into a week, or two, or a
month, and very soon many mothers and fathers realized that their
children were simply not going to be returned to them. It was there that
the figure of the "intensive boarding school" was born, a school regime
in which parents were promised that their children would be educated,
that they would be medically controlled and that they would receive free
food and clothing. Some accepted, but many of them, suspecting or
knowing what was happening, received a resounding "no" when they
went to ask for their children to be returned to them.
professionals found out who to sue politely said they were very, very
busy.
In 1996, the mother of a teenager kidnapped inside Dignidad took
a bus to Santiago in order to find a lawyer who was willing to represent
her. That was how he found Hernán Fernández. This determined
action by the woman was the beginning of the end for Schäfer,
because from that moment on, justice began to persecute him, as it
had never done before.
Thanks to this, today we know in detail everything that happened
in the place, such as the fact that in Schäfer's room there was a
bathroom with two toilets, that he always had a gun at hand, that his
glass eye constantly wept and that already in the nineties he had to
use a hearing aid, to hear better.
Always, always, near him there was a German he trusted recording
everything that was said, openly, just as Branham did, and another
brought him a large magnifying glass, which he used to read.
The children who fell under their aegis were not just made to play.
In reality, he was putting together a kind of children's army, since the
minors (as he had done years before with the sons of the hierarchs)
were taught karate, self-defense, swimming and survival techniques,
in addition to dressing them in green uniforms, force them to march
and wear a badge that read "Permanent Vigil Youth," which they
received after taking an oath before the "Permanent Vigil" flag.
early, to wash Schäfer's car, prepare breakfast and give him the pills
he took daily.
The Sprinter on duty, moreover, was the one in charge of carrying
the heavy radio equipment that Schäfer used, with which he was
aware of everything that was happening, because from the security
center, Flipps, they constantly informed him, but from his radio also
communicated with Bulnes or Santiago.
A witness who requested anonymity knew the colony up close when
a group of them came to camp on a farm near Longaví in the early
1990s. It was a kind of summer camp made up of about twenty small
tents and one large one, for the sect's messiah, belongings that were
transported in helicopters.
Part III
A bipolar and conspiracy world
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Chapter 15
an intelligence agency
Schäfer and his minions took Branham's idea of having some kind of
FBI to the extreme. Obsessed with weapons and apocalyptic ideas,
"the permanent uncle" also wanted to know everything about
everyone, friend or foe, and for this he ended up turning the colony
into a veritable private intelligence agency, which during the
dictatorship cooperated with state agencies such as the National
Intelligence Directorate (DINA), while conspiring against members of
others such as the Military Intelligence Service (SIM).
All this was suspected for many years, but the physical evidence
became clear in June 2005, when the police found forty-six thousand
chips along with a gigantic arsenal.
Now, this figure sounds like a lot, but in reality it is a small fraction
of the chips that was accumulated by the person who was the
operational head of the colony's intelligence, Dr. Theology Gerd
Seewald, in whose office located in In a subway, dozens of tokens,
sometimes hundreds of them, were produced every day for a period
of more than thirty years. It is impossible to calculate how many they
accumulated, but assuming that there were hundreds of thousands
does not sound exaggerated. What we do know with certainty, from
multiple testimonies, is that when the
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massive raids, around 1996, most of them were cremated. Except for
those found next to the arsenal, in addition to envelopes, letters and
folders, the most compromising were devoured by fire. However,
what was left is more than enough to get an idea about how that
private intelligence agency operated, as it shows some of the
obsessions of Paul Schäfer and those close to him.
In addition to seeing communists and miristas everywhere, they
were very interested in artists —for Nemesio Antúnez alone there
were close to sixty tokens— as well as Freemasons and especially
members of the AMORC (Old Rosa Cruz Order), which seemed to
have several members in San Carlos, who were followed and
photographed, attributing all kinds of negative characteristics,
bordering on infantilism; They did the same with practically all the
people who belonged to the Catholic Church, starting with the bishop
of Linares, Carlos Camus, whom in one of the files they described as
a Marxist.
But the colony was not limited to keeping a file, but also taught
intelligence classes to the members of the DINA.
Likewise, he managed extensive networks of informants and infiltrators
and followed, photographed and intercepted the communications of
anyone who seemed to them a threat; pretty much everyone, actually.
those who visited them, the cars that entered and left the convent and,
in great detail, the modest rooms made up of Franciscan furniture and
few objects. There are also aerial and ground photos of the convent and
its buildings, a freehand plan and many photographs of the nuns walking,
getting on or off vehicles, etc.
Paulina Camus was fully aware that her communications were being
intercepted, and for this reason she always sent messages to the
Germans: «Every time I spoke with the little sisters, before starting, I
greeted the German brothers.
"Good morning, I know you are listening to us, so we want to tell you that
God loves you very much, that he knows you and is with you," she told
me when I interviewed her in 2014. However, she did not suspect the
extent of the espionage that was revealed the cards and laughed to learn
that among their contents there were many letters and photos of her.
However, he changed his tone when asked if any of the informants in the
colony were a convent worker, which he flatly denied, assuring that he
did not know who "Reca", "Mami" or "Mina" were, the main informers
about their activities. , as stated in the files, in which they were always
identified with acronyms or nicknames.
Despite this, he felt the harassment of the Germans every day, to the
point that he once confronted Paul Schäfer on a public road. Imitating
the German accent, he recalled that he, very annoyed, asked him what
he wanted.
—To talk to you, Don Pablo.
"We can't talk. Write me a letter.
—But now that we're here next door, you get out of the car...
let's talk...
-What does he want?
"To know why you persecute us."
"Send a letter," was the response of the then almighty
messiah of Parral, while his driver started the vehicle.
It was not the only time he was face to face with who became the most
wanted man in Chile. Actually, she saw him many times and her
impression is that he “seemed like he was kind of afraid of us.
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And leftist spies, by the way. The same report states that "on 1-4-78,
when the ballot box for the national consultation opened at the women's
table in San Manuel, three NO votes were found at the top —the only ones
among 297 YES— and the nuns they had paid for
final".
There was more: «On the day of the National Consultation, the nuns
went out very often to observe the voters, the military and the board
members; to hide they drew water from the well in the schoolyard, where
people voted.
The difference between these two pieces of information with the previous
ones is that they do not mention a source of origin, which indicates that
from there it was the colony that collected the data directly. There are
detailed minutes regarding their movements, as well as records of all the
nuns and also of the aspiring monks of the Brothers of Peace, who came
from a convent located between San Javier and Constitución and who
usually went to San Manuel.
delivery of the film to reveal it, resisting more PAULINA. In the end
they delivered the film.
In the Manichaean world of the sect and its adherents, the nuns
became more and more fearsome and perverse enemies because,
as we already know, no organization of this nature subsists without
enemies.
For the inauguration of the church of San Manuel, in 1979, headed
by Bishop Camus, an informant told the settlers that "they began to
sing, touch their hands, they waved as if they were dancing a cumbia,
a true paganism" . She asserted about the priest that he had "eyes
that give the impression (of) an image of a demon, large, penetrating
eyes, eyes that are not kind."
It was a new triumph for the sect and all its paranoia, which is
manifested in an extreme way in the files, in which it is stated that
they spied on friends and enemies of the colony, but also collected
wild rumors, data on dock workers, teachers and teachers, service
center firefighters and even prostitutes, showing a Manichaean world
full of prejudices.
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Like any intelligence agency, the colony had a good number of informants, with
operative agents—mostly Germans—who carried out surveillance and photographed
people. His information file contained, among many other things, the almost complete
list of those who were part of different police and military units.
Of these, they were greatly interested in the Military Intelligence Service (SIM), which
they were convinced had been infiltrated by the communists, although the main
emphasis in these signings was placed on the military who carried out these functions
in regiments from Concepción, Chillán, Talca, Los Angeles and other cities
The symbiosis between the DINA and the colony, which in the eyes of the Chilean
justice system formed a single illegal association, for which several leaders of the sect
and the heads of Pinochet's secret police were convicted, did not eliminate, however,
the constant idea that everyone was spying on them or conspiring against them. The
foregoing is very well illustrated in the two files dedicated to Eduardo Soto Henríquez,
an Army corporal belonging to the ranks of Manuel Contreras and based inside the
enclave, whose file number 1 states that "this official has demonstrated to date an
excessive interest in finding out or investigating activities that are clearly private in the
Colony, which has caused mistrust and fear on the part of its inhabitants.
It was not his only sin. Point 4 of the report indicates that "he began
to open drawers, from an emergency kit, looking at their contents"
and that "despite the fact that his companion told him that they were
going to continue the trip immediately, he got out of the vehicle in
which they were traveling and lifted the tent in a doorway to look
inside. "Fortunately, the things that Don Mamo already knows were
not there at that time," the document says in an intriguing way, without
explaining what it was that the all-powerful DINA chief, Manuel
Contreras, better known as El Mamo, already knew. . The text
continues with several other misdemeanors committed by the
indiscreet non-commissioned officer, and then notes that "it is left to
Don Mamo's discretion whether he should continue working with the
colony or be changed."
Fortunately for Soto, as the same file points out, he was only
sanctioned "for his behavior on the farm." Neither he nor his girlfriend,
whose address was on the file, suffered any damage, as far as is
known, unlike other rogue agents of whom we will speak later.
They also filed anyone who had any contact with the colony. And
all those who came to eat at the Casino Familiar in the Bulnes
commune were recorded and photographed, but also many had their
cars opened while they were eating strudel and they photocopied
the documents they found inside.
In short, it functioned as a kind of Chilean Stasi, controlling
everyone's movements, drawing up lists of suspects for anything and,
above all, collecting any rumors that were heard and incorporating
them into their databases. Most of these portray the Manichaean
world of the sect, in which all the opponents of Pinochet—supposed
or real—were immoral, dirty, thieves, communist people engaged in
gruesome businesses, who hid weapons in their homes and who did
not hesitate to deceive anyone to meet their evil objectives; repeated
disqualifications regarding a series of Catholic priests and Army and
Carabineros officers who, in one way or another, were not inclined to
the colony, who, if they did not submissively submit to Schäfer's
dictates, were "leftists ».
as positive elements for the community, while the "bad" was everything related to what
represented a different thought, starting with the Catholic Church, Silo and even the
Ancient and Mystical Rosicrucian Order (AMORC), which seemed to have many
members in the city of San Carlos, and which earned one of the most famous Chilean
informants in the colony, Oscar Muñoz Hildebrandt, identified on the files with his initials
OMH, infiltrate the interior of that group, in order to obtain details of who made it up.
The first record regarding them is from July 5, 1985 and the
Information source is OMH. It says verbatim:
The following cards were basically a list of names of people from San Carlos, Chillán,
Talcahuano, Concepción and other communes that according to OMH belonged to the
Rosicrucians, each of which appeared with a key in the style "4-931575-S", in addition
to their home address and in some cases a photo of the person, many of them cut from
group photos. Some of the files included more information, as in the case of a teacher,
who was recorded as "acting politically in an underhanded and self-righteous way in
the group of socialist teachers from San Carlos."
But perhaps one of the most amazing files of all was the one referring to Fermín
Marticorena Carvacho, residing in Las
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They had also made several files regarding the brothers Marcos
and Jacob Israel, both closely linked to the University of Concepción.
Of the second, a doctor by profession, the source of the information,
who identifies himself as "Hgam", points out that he is very intelligent,
a good organizer and that "I consider him politically dangerous. He
could have links to Israel's intelligence service." On another of the
cards it reads: «Jew. Sanitation officer III Division of the Army. Blond,
average height. It was also asserted that he belonged to Freemasonry
and that he was also a Marxist, something absurd considering that he
was director of the Concepción Health Service between 1986 and
1987. Regarding his brother Marcos, the corresponding file, based on
information provided by "Riq", revealed him. he also qualified as "Jew
and Freemason."
There were also twenty-one files with press clippings relating to
Angel Kreiman (who was Chief Rabbi of Chile) and one more about
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And just as they made records of those who aroused the religious,
esoteric or paranormal curiosity of the sect, they also did it with their
friends and with those who were supposed to be.
In the first category there were numerous files on DINA officials.
Among them, three related to the biochemist Eugenio Berríos, three
about Schäfer's great friend, Manuel Contreras, and two of his second
and also a good friend of the Germans, Pedro Espinoza.
he was sentenced to relegation in the south and they are still not able
to pardon him, with a lot of promises involved”.77
Sergio Arellano Stark, sadly famous for having led the Caravan of
Death, and who was said to be a sympathizer of the Christian
Democrats and Opus Dei; Major Ángel Astorga, from Concepción, of
whom they highlighted in bold letters that he had told another officer
that "Dignidad gave my General Pinochet a Mercedes car" (which was
effective), after which they qualified him as "a clown" and someone
who is "good for nothing"; and General Washington Carrasco,
designated as mayor of Concepción after the coup, whose file they
noted that "it was bad luck that (...) he was in Concepción on 9-11-73,
because his vision of the process was very shy", were three more
names from the extensive list of records. In the same tone, the latter
was accused of having surrounded himself "with people who were
amorphous, who were neutral, who had not had any participation in
the fight against Allende." This file also included a kind of reflection: "If
Colonel Luciano Díaz Neira, who was much tougher, had been left, it
is likely that at this moment we would be in a different position."
They had their space in these "unofficial files." One of them was an
enigmatic Navy officer named Raúl Monsalve, implicated in the
disappearance and homicide of US citizen Charles Horman a few
days after the coup d'état, an event in which DIA agents (the
Intelligence Agency of the Defense of the United States) in Santiago.
With him, care had to be taken not to show assets or resources, and
that no relationship with the DINA should be revealed either.
In the case of Captain Óscar Azagra, his file stated that he was
"profoundly anti-Marxist", that he had the capacity to command and
that he possessed a professional, legal and technical culture. In the
same way, it was indicated that he had been “linked to the events of
the Tacnazo, the military coup led in 1969 by Army General Roberto
Viaux.
About an ex-prefect of Chillán, his file assured that "he had something
to do with the psychopaths of Viña" and that after the death of his wife
"he leads a totally disordered life." According to that same report,
whose author was the informant designated as Jgfsch, “he frequents
parties everywhere with a blonde lady, discos, dances. The next day
he doesn't show up at his office."
In the case of a major from San Carlos, it was said that after the
coup he had been invited to a barbecue in which someone sang a
popular song against Allende, before which the officer would have
become "very serious", later commenting "in a bad mood that that
should not have been sung". It was also assured that in 1978 he would
have voted No and that he also "defended the electoral propaganda
rights of the Marxists."
Very interesting are the files on Alberto Fernández Mitchell, a
lieutenant of the Carabineros de Laja who was sentenced to life
imprisonment for the killing of nineteen people arrested after the coup
in that commune and in San Rosendo. Precisely about him it was
highlighted that "in Laja he acted harshly against the extremists, he
does not know the word fear."
And so with dozens of members of the Army, Carabineros,
Investigative Police, etc., registered, classified and shredded in this
veritable arsenal of data.
By the way, they were also very concerned about what was
happening in the universities, especially the University of Concepción,
where the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria, MIR, was born in
the mid-1960s.
Thus, among the forty-six thousand records declassified in 2014
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By the way, that did not exempt him from also being signed. The
first file regarding him starts indicating that he had been rector of the
traditional religious college Institute of Humanities and that he had a
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that "he was for six years in the secret service in Damascus."
Unlike most of the negative judgments they made about almost
everyone, Graf was said to be “very kind and thoughtful. He has a
great facility for remembering people.
The doctor Gunther Ivanschitz Poulsen also had a file, who was
indicated as "DC. Medical. Concepcion Regional Hospital. Another
doctor who seemed to interest them in a special way was Dr. Sergio
Lagos Olave, father of the journalist and singer of the same name.
Lagos Olave, a man recognized for his charisma and who was a
member of the Socialist Party, was, according to the file, a
"revolutionary leader ex UP", who was said to have been exonerated
by the dictatorship from his chair at the University of Concepción ,
after which he had entered the Lota Hospital, where he took charge of
the alcoholic rehabilitation program. The author of the file considered
that, since this position meant having contact with the community, it
was "highly dangerous", since they considered that it would "become
an esteemed, respected staff and by that means be (sic) a continuator
of Marxist ideas -extremists».
A file that reveals the way in which they spied on their visitors, even
those who admired them, is the one related to Professor Leon
Balabanoff, an academic who settled in Chile after World War II and
who left them a handwritten greeting on the Bulnes casino. He is
described as "professor, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of
Concepción, Chemical Engineer, Mendeleyev Institute, Moscow,
1938." It is also indicated that he visited the family Casino in 1986 and
that "he had another new card among his documents", information
that is attributed to "Klops", a badge with which Ricardo Alvear was
identified, one of the most unconditional Chileans to the colony, who
worked in the restaurant.
Three other files on Professor Balabanoff show an ID photo of him
and his wife and a fourth, written in German, reports that he was a
descendant of nobles and that his wife came from a family of
Cossacks, for which they had suffered great hardships. in the war and
before, since the thirties, when the Soviet secret services interrogated
him in two
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One of his files details that “after the end of World War II, Röehling
wanted to emigrate to Australia. One day before his ship left, he was
arrested for violating curfew and the American military police did not
release him. He took him to the US, but he didn't like life there very
much and then he emigrated to Chile.
Based in Temuco, “he has a small electrical workshop. Southern
industries and universities send for him whenever there are difficult
jobs to do."
Despite this, the file highlighted that “ROEHLING is not a
businessman. You are happy to be successful in your job (but) you
are not able to demand adequate remuneration for what you do. His
hobby is building helicopters. He is currently working on a project for
a VW-powered helicopter for one person. Due to his poor financial
situation, his work on building helicopters is progressing only slowly.
All his profits he uses in his experiments.
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Chapter 16
GURMIR
house that belonged to Dignidad, which had been ceded to the organization
free of charge.
However, in April 2013, something happened. We do not know what,
but at that moment, summoned by Judge Alejandro Madrid in the case that
he was investigating for the death of former President Eduardo Frei —
labelled as homicide by the magistrate, an accusation that was later
dismissed by the Santiago Appeals Court—, Gómez decided tell many
things that he had never revealed. The summons to Gómez was produced
because in the investigation into the death of the ex-president, in 1982,
many antecedents appeared about the manufacture and use of biological
and chemical weapons by the DINA, the Army and also the Parralina sect.
In that judicial instance, Gómez explained that another soldier working with
him in Parral, Gerardo Huber Olivares, was assassinated in 1991 in Cajón
del Maipo with an accurate shot fired a couple of kilometers away, when
he was deputy director of the Factories and Maestranzas of the Army
(Famae) and was preparing to testify before the judge that he was
investigating an illegal export of arms from Croatia.
Huber's military resume, however, places him at the same time in the
BIA Austral (Southern Area Intelligence Brigade) and notes that it carried
out "successful operations in Osorno." Its qualifying officer was Fernando
Gómez Segovia. Consequently, he was his direct superior.
Gómez's file in the sect's files has his photo and, as already indicated,
there is a curious succession of numbers and letters that seem to indicate
an encryption key by means of a biliteral alphabet or something similar:
97531
zabcde
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xfghij
uklmno
spqrst
quvxyz
Schäfer was upset and then offered it to Guy Neckelmann, who succeeds
me in office», but the Mamo did not want it.78 Gómez Segovia's successor
in the BIRS, officer Eduardo Guy Neckelmann Schutz, used Adolfo
Spinne's badge Lobos and was posted there in 1977.79 Neckelmann was
considerably more detailed in court than Gómez. According to him, the
name of the unit was the Michimalonco Brigade and he assures that it
was in charge of about fifty people, including military, police and civilians,
and was responsible for everything that happened between Rancagua and
Los Angeles.
But there were also other things that Neckelmann says seemed
very strange to him, such as the mention that Schäfer made to him in
order that he could assemble Leopard tanks or that the farm track
had been lengthened in Parral (they had another in Bulnes) in order
to to allow the takeoff of the Hawker Hunter that the Chilean Air Force
had in those years. «Many years later I learned that the Germans
made contact with a
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foreign arms dealer and from that I estimated that it was very probable
that they could arm the tanks that they offered me”, he said, referring
to Gerhard Mertins, one of the protagonists of the fifth part of this book.
Among the many enigmas that still surround the colony and the DINA,
one of the most pressing, perhaps, is the one related to the location of
the archives of the latter organization.
In addition to the safe with documentation that Contreras managed in
his office at the DINA Belgrano barracks, the former militant of the
Socialist Party and later an agent of Pinochet's secret police, Luz Arce,
recounts in her book El Infierno that there was a file called " LIDES",
an acronym for "List of the Disappeared". He adds that the person who
managed the LIDES for Contreras was a non-commissioned officer of
his absolute confidence, Manuel Lucero Lobos. However, it is impossible
to know anything more about it, because in a statement made in 2004
Arce stated that Lucero "died mysteriously", the same thing that
happened to several members of DINA.
Chapter 17
foreign agents
In addition to the above, there was another detail that drew the
attention of those detained in Colonia Dignidad: along with the brutal
Chilean and German interrogators, several detainees noticed the
presence of an interrogator with a Portuguese accent, probably a
Brazilian.
Precisely around those years, in the Concepción area, a strange
story took place that had a Brazilian as its protagonist, whose
mysterious trail began to be lost after a long passage through Dignidad.
Erna Cerpa, who in 1975 was a simple young woman from the city
of Coronel, remembers that one night in July she was walking back
home in the company of some classmates, after classes at the evening
high school, when a car stopped next to her. . The vehicle was driven
by the Brazilian Carlos Galeao Camacho Matos, an imposing man
over six feet tall and elegantly dressed. «He got out of a luxurious car
and opened the door for us to get in. Little did I understand what he
was talking about, because his accent was Brazilian. He left us in our
town and continued on his way. The next day I saw him again when
leaving high school and he dropped me off near my house, until a few
days later he appeared again, in a Carabineros van, "said Erna Cerpa,
now deceased. Subsequently, a short relationship began between the
two, during which she was entertained like a queen and invited to the
most elegant restaurants in Concepción. “It was like a dream, a fairy
tale. I had at my feet many jewels, fur coats and jewels, like I never
thought I could have. It was another Erna, although I always felt self-
conscious to see him so big, so gentleman and so sure of himself».
They flirted for just twenty-three days, after which they were married
on July 30, 1975. After the marriage they
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Despite this, when he returned he told his wife that he had been in
Colonia Dignidad, that he had to leave the country and that he would soon
re-establish contact with his family (a son had just been born).
Camacho had been in Chile for a long time. In fact, there are people who
remember him as a militant of the MIR and a sociology student at the
University of Concepción before the coup. However, after this it was evident
that he was doing very well and that he had relations with the government
of the time.
Erna Cerpa pointed out that in her house she had photographs in which
he appeared dressed in the uniform of a (Brazilian) Army officer, but she
never knew exactly what he did.
Three months after escaping from Chile, Camacho sent money to his
wife instructing her to travel to Lisbon, the city where they met. Despite the
fact that they were together again, he left her installed in the Excelsior Hotel
and began to travel constantly.
On some of these trips she accompanied him, thanks to which he got to
know France, Spain and Mozambique. After two years and three months,
Erna begged him to return to Chile, but he said he couldn't, so he advised
him to do it alone, assuring him that he would travel later, which he never
did.
Camacho began to disappear permanently from the life of his wife, to
whom for some time the policemen of the Coronel Civil Commission were
going to leave money that they said her husband had sent. Around 1980
no help ever arrived, more or less around the same date that according to
the book Almirante Aragao, by Anderson da Silva Almeida, a certain
Carlos Camacho Matos, who had lived in Portugal and had been an Army
sergeant
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testimony—the foreigner was the one who directed the torture sessions and
instructed the Chileans.
However, the most relevant of all the information contained in the files is
the one related to the disappeared detainees and those who were tortured
and interrogated inside the colony. In addition to keeping records of all
those who were made to disappear in the middle of "Operation Colombo",
the Dignidad archives contain transcripts of numerous interrogations carried
out inside the enclave and in DINA premises.
Accused of this attempt, Mavrosky was held prisoner for eleven months
in a place he always believed to be the colony. He remained all that time in
a kind of dungeon, alone, subjected to almost daily torture, deprived of food
and water, stretched out on a kind of cot, shackled with his hands and feet
and blindfolded. He was questioned daily by men who spoke Spanish, but
in the background he heard the constant murmur of people conversing in
German.
Although when interviewing him he replied that "he thought he had been
in the colony, but he was not sure", in the files are the details of the
interrogations to which he was subjected, the suspicions they had regarding
him being a dangerous Marxist and several other things, all of which was
finally distorted, to the point that he was released after being returned to
the Chillán regiment, "only" with a fracture in his left wrist.
Labarca said that he had seen Paul Schäfer and Mücke there, whom
they called Mauk, and also confessed to having participated in Parral in
an intelligence course offered to DINA by them. In this regard, he told
the court that "he does not remember the date on which, from the Casa
de Piedra group, some six to seven people visited Colonia Dignidad, in
groups of two or three, for a period of a week,
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The ruling says that the military “was too surprised, like his
colleagues, by the level of progress of Colonia Dignidad at that time.
They had technology that they didn't know about, powerful
communication equipment, intercoms in every room, camera and
video equipment, and fully automated doors that opened and closed
on their own. I had the impression that they were constantly watched,
as they were always in the rooms they had been assigned.' He also
added that “Armando Fernández Larios was the one who had the
most contacts with these people, he went to Parral for a long time,
staying in the neighborhood, and he called us on the radio to find out
what was new. On his return he brought us sweets and other food
that they sent us from the colony.
They spoke out of pure fear. They thought they were going to kill them."
In the same way, he recounted that "in 1929 there were more Nazi
women than men" and that "in Russia the first women's division of
Ukraine attacked us, 12,000 infant women, in total there were more
than 30,000 women."
Consistent with what was indicated by Bäar, in order that Rauff
taught karate, the DINA course instructor pointed out to them, always
speaking of women, that "in karate they kick as fast as lightning, one
doesn't even realize where kick comes There were four agents in the
Army, excellent at karate.
They handled their legs with a speed that one did not know where the
kicks came from. And because the sole of the foot is smaller, the kick
goes deeper. I once received a kick from a woman in the cardiac region,
I almost vomited. They are incredibly fast, like cat. By the way, before
joining the SS, Rauff had been an officer in the Kriegsmarine, the
German Navy. The course instructor also had thorough knowledge of
torture techniques, such as those used by the Gestapo: «The detainee
should not be beaten to a pulp, nor should excessive current be applied.
Nor little current, in this case inhale, receive the current and then
exhale, “says the document.
That of Bäar is not the only testimony that places Rauff within the
colony. Klaus, the son of Kurt Schnellenkamp, said in an interview with
the newspaper La Nación that he saw him inside the colony and that
everyone should sing when he or other Nazis attended.85 However,
Judge Zepeda reached a different conclusion: what
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There is also no record that shows that he has served in the Navy.
In any case, it is a recognized fact that Rauff had close contact with
DINA and there are even those who saw him at the Belgrano barracks,
the organization's headquarters. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that
he did not have contact with the colony, given the overlap between it
and Pinochet's secret police.
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Chapter 18
communist paranoia
Without a doubt, Gerd Seewald was one of the most peculiar criminals in the
town. As he explained to Judge Jorge Zepeda, at the age of sixteen, he
considered himself a "total pagan", until a friend invited him to a Baptist Church
retreat and voilà: he came out a Christian fanatic.
With a hint of drama, he explained that the latest corrections to said work
were delivered to the publisher on July 25, 1961, and that "I left Germany the
same night on a flight to Chile . " possible university chair, which would have
been the following.
At that point, he had been under the aegis of Paul Schäfer for several years.
According to him, he was "lost" the moment he recognized this as a spiritually
"superior" being.
Trying to avoid all the crimes in which he participated, he told the judge that
because of this "I was unavoidably and guilty intertwined with everything unfair
and cruel that happened in Villa Baviera."
According to him, it was not until September 2002 that "I learned from reliable
witnesses that (Schäfer) was a criminal pedophile," an absurd version
considering his functions as a true operational chief of
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intelligence, which not only knew what was happening inside the
property, but also received all the newspapers, listened to the radio,
watched television, gave talks on current affairs to the other settlers,
and censored letters and books.
It is important to note that, as Heinz Kuhn pointed out, although
Paul Schäfer was the one who gave the orders, "only those closest
to him could have knowledge of his actions".87 In other words, it is
impossible that Seewald did not know what was happening. there,
like the other hierarchs, especially when the children of several of
them were sexually abused by the subject whom they followed blindly.
left was because Schäfer had a relationship with them and wanted to
keep their information. Of course, that's not true either. The archives
contain hundreds of national and international artists, as well as
Chilean and foreign politicians, scientists or show business people
with whom they never had any contact. In the same way, it is not true
that this task began in 1974, as he pointed out, since there are
records from the sixties.
What he did admit is that information was reaching them from
everywhere and that many of the detainees that DINA transferred
there already came with a written file, which in turn was transferred to
their files.
Seewald also revealed the internal structure of the sect, where
everyone was divided into defense groups: the Herren (knights), the
Comalos, the Grosse Knappen (the great squires), the Mittlere
Knappen (the medium squires), the Moritze or Heirlsarmee.
(Salvation Army), the Kleine Jungen (little children), the Omas
(grandmothers), the Frauen (women), the Dragoner (women of
arms), the Schranzen (sycophants or servile), the Halalis (halali is a
type of German rose), the Feldmäuse (field mice), the Wasserflöhe
(water fleas) and the Kleine Mädchen (little girls).
The division was not whimsical, but was carried out based on a
very complex «Alarm Plan», found along with the files.88 It is a
document of about ten pages, from approximately 1974, where some
truly incredible things are detailed, such as that all the groups were
obligated to fulfill some function if the fundo were invaded by the
communists or any other enemy force. To do this, everyone had to
"have the sweatshirt next to the bed" during the nights, in order to
have a uniform that distinguished them from each other. One of the
cars, an Opel, had to always be with a trailer full of weapons, near
the place where the Herren slept or were. This trailer carried pistols,
carbines, rifles and machine guns. For the first there were twenty-five
shots, fifty for the second, for the rifles, one hundred and fifty and
three hundred for the machine guns.
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And like in any bad spy movie, like the ones that Paul Schäfer
secretly liked to watch so much —because only he and the
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Part IV
Chenco's ghosts
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Chapter 19
A corpse in Florida
Despite the fact that it was already October and the day was clear, at
about eleven o'clock in the morning of October 23, 1977, the two
detectives from the Homicide Squad (BH) who were checking the body
were numb with cold, probably due to the proximity with the mountain range
Together with the first carabineros who arrived at the scene of the
event, at about nine in the morning, the policemen recorded what they
found among the belongings of the male body that they were checking
and that he already had signs of cyanosis, since he was wearing several
hours deceased. In his pockets was a flyer for the "Polla gol" game of
chance, a plastic comb, a pair of optical glasses with broken lenses, an
identity card cut in three, the product of the stab wounds that the victim
had received on the chest. , a key chain with three keys, a nail clipper
and three pesos and fifty cents.
The identity document stated that the victim was Juan René Muñoz
Alarcón, thirty-two years old. His body was lying on the weeds of an
empty site located at 1160 Enrique Olivares Street, in La Florida.
Although Vicuña Mackenna avenue is only a couple of blocks from there
and today the entire sector is populated, at that time it was a secluded,
dark, semi-rural place: the perfect place to murder someone and buy
yourself forty-five years of impunity, which They are the ones who have
supported Muñoz's murderers to date.
In the body, according to the skills carried out later, there were no
major signs of resistance. However, the violence exercised against him
had been extreme. They had struck him in the skull with some blunt
object and only in the thorax he had nine stab wounds. A tenth stab,
perhaps the deadliest, had severed his jugular vein.
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The information about the car with the three occupants made sense
as soon as the victim's relatives began to be interviewed, particularly
the mother of his cohabitant, Dominga Salinas Mallea, in whose house
in Puente Alto Muñoz lived.
According to her mother-in-law, Berta Mallea, on the morning of
October 21 she was sweeping the sidewalk when she saw an Austin
Mini car, manned by two men, one of whom got out asking for Muñoz.
His daughter-in-law Luisa, who was also there, entered the house and
went to the bedroom where his sister and her partner were sleeping,
warned them of the presence of the strangers and left.
"Old lady, apparently I have problems" was all Juan said to Dominga
as she hurriedly dressed, after which she got out, got into the car with
the strangers, and it headed east.
They only heard from him again on the morning of the 23rd, when the
police went to tell him that he had been the victim of a homicide and
that the relatives should go to identify the body.
What nobody was very clear about until then is that this brutal
homicide was not the result of a simple assault, but that the victim
was a real human computer full of data and, therefore, his head had a
price.
Shortly after the coup d'état and when the National Stadium was
already the most massive detention center in the country, some of the
most macabre moments that took place there were carried out by a
hooded man who the military took to tour the stands, who watched
attentively to the crowd and from time to time
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when he raised his hand indicating important leftists who were in the
midst of the tide of arrests. These were immediately taken to other
detention centers, tortured and executed, in many cases. As is to be
expected, all the detainees feared him and had no doubts that he was
someone who knew many people and who had surely belonged to
the Socialist Party, given that most of those who betrayed were from
that group.
"I am the hooded man from the National Stadium," Muñoz said in
a slow and firm voice before an audio recorder. In his statement, he
identified himself as a former leader of the Socialist Party, from which
he declared that he had resigned four or five months before the coup,
which according to him meant being "persecuted by people from the
party, cornered, they burned my house down."89 Front In response
to this persecution, he stated that only right-wing people had helped
and protected him. And in a "spirit of revenge", as he acknowledged,
he voluntarily attended the National Stadium to identify people,
assuring that "the security services hooded me and took me through
the different sections where the detainees were."
According to his version, he was detained anyway, but "later I was
released on the condition that I cooperate, they took me to Colonia
Dignidad", a place about which he stated "there is a national
intelligence training center run by Germans , but nationalized
Chileans”. According to his testimony, "they have a real regiment in
Colonia Dignidad,
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where there is a hospital that has all the advances that any of the
hospitals in Santiago would like, where there are ambulance planes,
mail planes and underground prisons. There I was trained to interrogate
people and to do counterintelligence tasks. Let me explain: I was
asked to rejoin the party clandestinely to pretend to be one of them.
Perhaps the most dramatic part of his testimony is the one in which
he stated that "I want to record, swear if necessary, that part of the
prisoners are alive, in poor physical condition, many of them on the
verge of madness due to the treatment they received." They have
been through, very hard. I am referring to Carlos Lorca, to Ponce,
head of the Internal Front of the Socialist Party and general secretary
at the time of his arrest. They are in Colonia Dignidad, they are in the pavilion
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And there is more background that confirms his story. His wife, Olivia
Guajardo Barahona, from whom he was de facto separated at the time
of his murder, admitted to the police that weeks after the coup Muñoz
appeared unexpectedly at his house, the home he had left two years
earlier, when he started living with Dominga Salinas. . That day,
however, "Juan came to my house with a German gentleman and a
midwife named Ingrid."90 Without giving him any further details, he
asked her if she wanted to go with him to Colonia Dignidad. She
thought about it and finally said yes.
Five days later he returned with the same Germans and took the five
eldest children of the marriage. Three days later they returned to look
for her in a station wagon, in which they took her and her youngest son
to the colony.
Once they were installed there, she asked her husband who "Miss
Ingrid and the German gentleman" were, an answer that Muñoz
evaded, making him see that he shouldn't worry about anything,
because he would be fine there, safe and with everything that she and
the children will need. However, suspicions began to assail her,
because every night the same German would come to look for her
husband in the room and he would return at dawn, without her knowing
what steps he was taking, although, of course, she supposed that he was not at all.
Because of these apprehensions, he asked him to return to Santiago
and "Juan and Mr. Albert came to leave me with my children."
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More or less on the same date, his partner's brother, Rafael Salinas,
invited him to the Colo Colo branch in Puente Alto. When he took out
his wallet, he noticed that Muñoz was carrying an identity card
belonging to another person. When asked, he told him that he had
three other IDs and that this was because he worked for an intelligence
agency.
Muñoz's brother, Ernesto, for his part, explained to the police that
at the end of 1973 a car stopped next to him while he was walking
down the street. Inside the vehicle were Juan and a man dressed in
an olive green uniform. His brother got out, greeted him, and the other
occupant of the mobile did the same, when he was able to see that
the jacket said "Armada de Chile." His last meeting with him had been
at the beginning of 1977, when the
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Juan showed him the wig and the new suit, and told him that he
worked "in various intelligence services, adding that there was an
aviation officer who did not want him to work with them and he limited
me by saying that wherever this gentleman is, I do not I can be".
abnormal. It could be seen that all the people gladly carry out the
tasks that have been assigned to them”.
In the same way, it recorded that "Mr. Schmidt told the court that
the colony, as its name indicates, is a charitable and educational
society, which is financed only with the product of the work of the
colonists and whose purpose is provide all kinds of help to people
who are indigent or who lack enough to pay what they need, especially
in regard to the care and education of minors. And of course, the
judge made sure to verify that none of the people who, according to
Muñoz, were still alive in the neighborhood were actually there. As it
did? Reviewing the records of the hospital patients, where it was
stated that none of the political prisoners mentioned by the hooded
man had passed through the hospital, from which he concluded that
they had not been there.
After that, the judge tried to turn the case over to the military courts,
but they refused, arguing that, except for Muñoz's statements to the
Vicaría, there was no record in the file indicating the participation of
uniformed officers in the homicide.
Finally, the Supreme Court ruled that Faúndez continue in charge
of the investigation. He decided, then, to carry out one last errand.
The file does not explain how he came to that name, but the fact is
that he took a statement from one of the fiercest members of the Joint
Command —the repressive body created by FACH, which competed
with DINA—, reserve lieutenant Roberto Fuentes Morrison, better
known as "Wally".
True to his habit of constituting himself in places, Minister Faúndez
was kind enough to go to interrogate Wally at the offices of the FACH
Intelligence Directorate, on Juan Antonio Ríos street, almost in front
of the National Library. Perhaps he did so because of the mention of
the victim's brother regarding the problems he was having with a
FACH officer or because the list of people incarcerated in the colony
included the former PC councilor for Concepción Carlos Contreras
Maluje. , who had been kidnapped in Santiago in 1976, in a Joint
Command operation.
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Chapter 20
"One"
Muñoz was not the only agent of Pinochet's security services linked to
the colony to be assassinated. In fact, the first was the DINA agent
Miguel Ángel Becerra, known by the nickname "One", because he was
always alone.
A former militant of the Patria y Libertad movement, in January 1974
he went with his thirteen-year-old son to live inside the enclave, where
he carried out tasks as a DINA agent. In July 1975, Miguel Ángel
Becerra saw his brother Arístides, who was a police officer, for the last
time. He told her that he wanted to get out of the colony, but he knew
it was dangerous.
At the end of that month, on the 29th, Petty Officer Becerra was
informed that his brother had suffered "an accident." In Linares, two
individuals who were apparently DINA members told him that Uno had
been assassinated by the communists in revenge for his work for the
dictatorship. However, this did not match the cause of death listed in
the autopsy protocol: possible asphyxiation by inhalation of carbon
monoxide, although the doctor who signed the document commented
that he was not entirely sure of that.
In short, he told him that his brother had been the victim of a homicide, as
indeed happened, but he invented an absurd cause of death.
One of the most peculiar aspects of the Becerra murder are the
statements of the journalist and former adviser to the military junta
Federico Willoughby, who had known the neighborhood since 1961.
Ten years later, according to his autobiography, and while fully
participating in the ultranationalist group Patria y Libertad, he was taken
from Santiago to the sect in a Mercedes Benz ambulance. There he was
shocked by what the person who ran the place showed him, who was
introduced to him as Secretary Schneider.
«Its new dependencies amazed us because of the technology,
communications and surveillance cameras. Shooting range, antennas
disguised as vegetation, underground alarms and a workshop, where a
modern white Mercedes Benz, with a diplomatic patent, was repaired. The
secretary accompanied us, who reported our location on the radio in
German and commented that we looked astonished. I don't speak German,
but I can understand it and also read it. The same voice asked for a
description of us, how each of us was dressed, and other details.”92 De
Schäfer says that everyone obeyed the snap of his fingers.
The German boasted of knowing Jaime Guzmán and other people from
PyL and of having military contacts. In addition, he told her that they were
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Krefeld.
After that, Willougbhy recounts in his biography about a plane trip to
the colony, whose pilot was the chief of operations of Patria y Libertad,
Roberto Tieme,93 and in which a recently discharged Army general
was also traveling, Alfredo Canales, better known as "el Macho
Canales". Once they landed on the farm, they covered the plane with
camouflage cloth, after which a young German gave them marzipan.
Willougbhy assures that it was he who put the settlers in contact with
those who would later be the architects of the DINA, through Colonel
Pedro Espinoza. As he correctly estimated, "Contreras planned to use
the colony's import facilities to clandestinely equip himself."94 After the
coup, and perhaps even more surprisingly, the colony sent a security
team of three Germans to protect him (although according to his
version was only two or three days with them). A year later, they
contacted him from Dignidad in the form
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urgent. Over the radio, the person on the other end—he can't
remember if it was Hartmut Hopp or Albert Schreiber, the friendly
witness who welcomed Faúndez when he became a sect—informed
him that they had a serious problem: a visitor to the farm had dead
choked on a piece of apple. When he asked where the body was, the
answer was worthy of a Tarantino movie: they had put it in a freezer.
On a side road they lowered the truck and left it there, with Becerra's
body inside.
For many years, the victim's son remained inside the colony,
without contact with his mother or siblings, convinced that they had
abandoned him. Only once Schäfer stopped reigning within the sect
was he able to meet with his family and find out that, contrary to what
he was told for so long, his relatives had made multiple attempts to
see him, but this was always denied by the group leaders.
Chapter 21
The captain's death
Zott, who had been a MIR militant in his youth and was detained,
among other places, in Colonia Dignidad, explained to Bianchi that in
that capacity he was one of the witnesses who testified in the trial that
began at the end of the 1970s. Colonia Dignidad against Stern
magazine and the NGO Amnesty International in Bonn, which it
accused of defamation, a process that lasted eleven years.
Chilean army in Talca. Hugo Bäar received the weapon back and
these two members of the colony temporarily hid in southern Chile.
The only Army officer killed in Talca at that time is Captain Osvaldo
Heyder Goycolea, head of the Military Intelligence Service of that city's
regiment, and to understand his death it is necessary to go back six
months.
In January of that year, Heyder held the same position —head of
the SIM—, but in the Maipo regiment, located in Valparaíso, when in
the middle of that month a Puma helicopter arrived at the compound
with DINA agents, who were planning a operation against men and
women belonging to the MIR who were taking refuge in the area. Said
operation resulted in the murder of one of the most important leaders
of the MIR in the Valparaíso Region and the capture of about twenty
militants, all of whom were detained and tortured by the DINA in the
basement of the Maipo regiment.
At first they didn't believe him very much. They thought he was
simply playing "good cop" with them, but as time went on they realized
that he was indeed located a long way from the DINA, to the point that
—always according to Zott's testimony— he even offered them
information. that would allow them to get around the DINA interrogations
in a better way. For
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The former Mirista turned DINA agent, Marcia Merino, in her court
statements, would affirm that "in the days after DINA returned to
Santiago, after the operations carried out in Valparaíso, I found out
that Fernando Laureani had had problems with a important officer of
the Maipo regiment, who did not agree with the methods used by the
person in charge of the operations; that is to say, with the application
of torture in the interrogations”. Regarding this, he would say years
later to justice that he remembered all of this very well, since it was
the first time he had heard of someone who opposed the DINA
methods and, furthermore, confronted them.
Many things were said to justify his death. The first version was
that some terrorists had murdered him. Augusto Pinochet, looking into
their eyes, confirmed it to his relatives in Concepción. The second
version indicated that he had committed suicide after stealing money
from the troops. A third version raised the same thing, but attributed
the death to "trouble of skirts."
In any case, Laureani and his direct boss, Marcelo Moren Brito,
better known as "el Ronco", would admit years later that their presence
in Talca just on those days, as established by the courts, was due to
the fact that they had been sent to "investigate" the Heider's death.
What a coincidence.
From Vienna, where he continues to reside, Zott points out that "I
cannot speak about what Heyder did before, but those days when he
was with us he showed that he did everything possible to protect us
from Laureani's antics."
After going through various detention facilities in Santiago,
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Another DINA regular in the place was its boss, Manuel Contreras.
Today there are multiple testimonies that account not only for his
constant presence in the sect (and his participation in the death of
the child Hartmut Münch), but also that his wife Maruja was a frequent
guest, to such an extent that an interior bridge was baptized as
Maruja bridge. Also attending the colony was their son, Manuel
Contreras Valdebenito, who officiated as a karate instructor for the
colonists.
The DINA hypnotist, Osvaldo Pincetti, known as "Doctor Tormento",
also operated in the place, asserting that he interrogated through
hypnosis and that there he met Commander Gómez Segovia, of
whom he said that "he was well connected with Colonel Manuel
Contreras, who spent the summer in the colony».97
In the same way, he asserted that "Mr. Paul Schäfer was present
during the interrogations, as well as Dr. Hopp and Gerhard Mücke."98
Another of the DINA officials who spent a good part of his time there
was Laureani, who delivered an unpublished statement in the
judicial investigation related to the disappearance of Pedro Merino, a
young man from Coronel murdered and made to disappear inside the
neighborhood. In said testimony, dated September 2007 in the special
prison of Punta Peuco, the former officer said that he had only spent
eleven months in the DINA, assuring that he had never
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participated in crimes. Later, however, he pointed out that after he was named
in the TVN program Enigma as a participant in the case of eight disappeared
detainees that he took from the Maipo regiment —crimes for which he was
convicted of qualified kidnapping—, he decided to tell his story. "real" participation
in the events, ordered to do so by Manuel Contreras.
According to him, the objective of the operation in the Valparaíso Region was
to find information related to a small armament with weapons that the MIR
supposedly possessed in Concepción. For this reason, he assured, it was also
necessary to question Luis Peebles, the supposed regional manager of the MIR
in Concepción and who, however, was detained at the Talcahuano Naval Base.
After taking Peebles from there, Laureani had to find a place to interrogate
him and for this the closest DINA unit was Parral, assuring that there "they
referred me to Villa Baviera for the purposes that were required, a place that I I
was unaware of”.99 There, as he acknowledges in the letter, Peebles did not
speak “freely and spontaneously”, which is why “he must have done so under
physical duress”.
In truth, it is difficult to imagine any worse torture than the one he experienced
Peebles, as he declared in 1978 in Bonn, according to what was reported in a
declassified US document:
“They tied me to a metal bunk, but this time they put a helmet on my head.
The helmet had movable ear muffs, which allowed them to deliver electrical
current to my ears, and elastics for
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the jaw. This was so that when I was kicked or punched my jaw would
not drop out of place. Small wires were glued to my wrists, buttocks,
glands, chest, and neck, and current was applied to different parts of
me. There was also an officer who used a small rubber object that
electrocuted me every time I was hit with it. They had something that
they used on my eyes, mouth, teeth, under my tongue, and sometimes
when I was yelling, they would put it on the back of my roof. I had
another one in my anus, at the base of the urethra and another one
under my fingernails... this went on for hours and hours... the pain
was such that I writhed and raised the bed several times. I even
folded the iron litter and broke the moorings by the force of despair.
The brutality of the treatment made me think that I was being
subjected to an experiment to find out how much I could last physically
and mentally. I was the guinea pig and they were there to learn," he
explained.
For her part, Marcia Merino, who was transferred to the colony
along with Zott and Peebles, recalled that when she arrived at the
basement where she was introduced, she was received by Pedro
Espinoza, who "gave me a square white tablet, written in German,
telling me to take it because it would give me energy. I was in that
place for a week or more, I suppose, and I only remember specific
events, without any connection or temporal-spatial relationship, which
allows me to assert that I was being drugged.”100 The alliance
between DINA and the colony became evident in many cases.
Gerd Seewald himself would specify that at the beginning of 1974 a
number of detainees arrived at the Parral property that he said he did
not remember, those who were left in the potato warehouse and in
other facilities set up as detention and interrogation centers.
As he explained, the detainees were arriving there until mid-1975.
A little later, he assured, "a total change was made, in order not to
arouse suspicions that a prisoner camp existed in that place,"101
referring to the instruction that Schäfer gave in the sense of destroying
any evidence, which proves that, despite what those who defend him
today argue that he was not in his right mind,
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Chapter 22
Fertig
Perhaps the best-known case of leftist militants murdered within the sect is that
of the Mirista known as "Loro Matías", Álvaro Vallejos Villagrán, who was arrested
in May 1974 in Maipú and transferred at the end of July of that same year to
Colonia Dignidad, according to the testimony of the then DINA soldier Samuel
Fuenzalida Devia, who was in a place where he did not want to be and, as was
the case with the colonists, spent a good part of his day planning how to escape.
One day in July, while he was serving in the detention camp known as Villa
Grimaldi, in La Reina, one of his superiors called him: "You are going to
accompany a captain on a mission," was all he said to him, after which he
introduced to Fernando Gómez Segovia.
They took a C-10 truck and with it they set out on the road to the center of
Santiago. On San Diego street, Gómez got off at what appeared to be his parents'
house and after a while he returned. From there they continued on to the Cuatro
Álamos detention center in San Joaquín. On the way, Gómez asked Fuenzalida
what weapons he was carrying.
"A Steyr," replied the conscript, referring to the prosecutor's pistol assigned to
him. "Always carry it loaded and with a dead bullet," he replied, warning him that
they would pick up a most dangerous prisoner. "Shall I ask for your belongings?"
he asked.
Fuenzalida to the captain when they arrived at the detention center, but he said
no, an unequivocal sign that the victim's fate was cast and that, therefore, he was
not going to need them anymore.
Finally the detainee was handed over to them, they put him in the middle of the
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front seat with instructions not to make a sound, and they headed south.
Despite the order not to issue a word, Vallejos allowed himself to say
something as soon as the trip began: "I presume that they are going to take
me to the same place where I already was."
After several hours of driving, they reached the intersection between Parral
and Catillo, where a military patrol was waiting for them. When leaving the
capital, Gómez had given a password to another patrol located at the height
of San Bernardo. The officer got out to complete the procedure and at that
moment Vallejos spoke again, this time addressing Fuenzalida directly: "If you
are a Catholic, pray for me."
They entered the road to Catillo and some thirty kilometers from there they
finally reached the entrance to the town, where a light blue car was waiting for
them that Fuenzalida already knew well, since he had seen it several times at
the DINA headquarters, on Belgrano street. It was Schäfer's Mercedes.
Vallejos was taken up there and Fuenzalida was able to distinguish two
Germans: one, whom he would later know as "the Professor", was Schäfer;
the other, Gerhard Mücke. As the celestial vehicle moved away, he and the
officer were invited to the reception house, where they were awaited with a
traditional German meal.
They were having dinner when Schäfer appeared again. He put the index
finger of his right hand to his neck and, passing it from left to right, said fertig
(ready), thereby indicating that the victim had already been killed.
"We stayed there for a long time. They spoke emotionally, because on
August 20 Pinochet was going to Chillán for the birthday of O'Higgins and
then he would go to the colony. They were happy. Schäfer insisted to Gómez
Segovia that he should go see him with his entire family.
Finally we went to Parral, to the captain's house. The next morning I woke up
early and returned to Santiago," explained Fuenzalida.
.30 machine gun and a Rheinmetall, plus other heavy weapons. Inside,
moreover, they were all armed.
His impression was not based only on what he saw that night, but on
another event that occurred around February of that same year, 1974,
when he, along with five other soldiers, was sent to the Arturo Merino
Benítez airport, in Pudahuel, to provide support in something that was
not it was specified to them. They arrived at the Group 10 loading zone
and an officer told them that they had to help load boxes onto some
trucks. «They were the classic wooden boxes of weapons, very heavy.
They opened one and a Walter PPK pistol came out. We filled about
two trucks and the entire maneuver was supervised by some Germans
who were on the slab. Later they ordered us to escort the trucks to San
Bernardo.
After those first two encounters with the Germans the
I would see several more times in the Belgrano barracks.
Shortly after, Samuel Fuenzalida finally achieved his goal and fled
from DINA and Chile. In 1978, in Germany, he began to testify about
everything he saw and since then his statements have been essential
to solving crimes such as that of Álvaro Vallejos and other cases.
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Chapter 23
The missing
One of the darkest episodes in the colony is related to the Cerro Gallo
operation, a kind of thorough raid against supposed guerrillas who had
been detected on the hill of said name, located very close to the
colony, and who It meant an immense mobilization of the military to
that area. For years this operation was denied, but with the release of
the colony's intelligence files it became clear that it was carried out
between March 15 and 16, 1974, that Schäfer and his followers acted,
and that military units from Talca participated. , Linares, Chillán and
Concepción, supported by helicopters.
of the discovery of the presumed extremists that they were going to look
for. However, in file 4 of those relating to López, it was recorded that
"the success of the capture of extremists or possible infiltrators in the
surroundings of Cerro Gallo is due solely and exclusively to the fact that
they participated with disguised colony personnel, even with the doctor
in disguise».
"I saw a tremendous group of 300 or 400, I don't know how many
were the soldiers who searched the other side of Cerro Gallo," specifies
Franz Bäar,102 who asserts that, as he learned, the operation had
been organized based on a call radio intercepted by the Germans, from
which they would have located an alleged group of communist guerrillas
"in position" on the hill.
However, they did not find them there, but Bäar assures that they did
find a group of people who were in the El Durazno sector, next to Cerro
Gallo. In fact, he is certain that the people who would have resided in
that sector were eliminated.
And he adds another piece of information: that the colony used one of
its planes, a Cessna bought in the United States, to throw the bodies of
detained-disappeared into the sea.
Two other disappeared detainees whose trail began to be lost forever
in the neighborhood were Pedro Merino and Adán Valdebenito. Merino,
twenty-one years old, was a leader of the Juventudes Comunistas de
Coronel and was arrested on September 14, 1974 by members of
DINA's "Team 600," as a command of twelve agents operating in
Concepción was called, but who They were under the orders of Gómez
Segovia, from Parral.
Merino was taken to the colony and his stay there was recorded in
an intelligence file, in one of whose corners they wrote the letter "D" for
"Disappeared."
Valdebenito, in turn, was kidnapped by DINA on September 25, 1974,
ten days after Merino. His fate was the same, although —after passing
through the colony— his trail was lost in the Cuatro Álamos prison
camp, according to the sentence issued by Minister Carlos Aldana, of
the Court of
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Chapter 24
The maino case
During the last twenty years, most of the investigations that various
judges have carried out regarding the mysteries of DINA and its links
with Colonia Dignidad were carried out based on a particular case,
the kidnapping of MAPU militants Juan Maino Canales, Elizabeth
Rekas (four months pregnant at the time of her disappearance) and
her husband Antonio Elizondo, all of whom were kidnapped in
Santiago in May 1976 by DINA agents.
The existence of several graves in which the cars stolen from the
disappeared detainees were hidden was known more than twenty
years ago, after the escape of ex-settler Georg Packmor and the
journalist Mónica González made it known in the magazine Análisis.
After multiple procedures inside the property,
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police found some pieces of these). For these purposes, Willi chose
the places and proceeded to make a hole with a Caterpillar brand
backhoe loader, with a caterpillar». As detailed, the Austin Mini was
thrown into one of the holes made by the machine and after spraying
it with benzine they set it on fire. Since it was made of fiberglass, it
was completely destroyed. In the case of the other cars, Malessa
crushed them with the shovel. The engines, meanwhile, were buried
in other places, using a smaller backhoe.
Chapter 25
TV Retirement
Indeed, despite the fact that the first victims were killed some
distance from the village, the countryside is silent, therefore the echo
of the machine gun bursts was heard by many people. Four years
later, when the operation "Withdrawal of televisions" was carried out
by order of the regime; that is, the removal of the bodies of all the
disappeared detainees, to hinder the investigations that had been
initiated as a result of the
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Fege said that, given these conditions, with luck he was able to dig
one hole a day, since the machine he used was slow and heavy and
it took several hours to get there. By the time he did, it was usually
dark and other people were showing up. One of them was Gerhard
Mücke, who confessed to being in charge of leading the military or
police commandos that arrived with people who were going to be
executed down that terrible road, an action that was repeated for more
than a month.
“These people were taken in vans, three or four, I suppose that the
detainees were also in them. I went with them up to a certain point, I
was about two hundred meters away, later clearly hearing shots", he
declared before the court,106 specifying that
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Those detainees are not related to those who later arrived at the
colony and who were kept in the potato warehouse.
«On more than one occasion Paul Schäfer ordered me that once I
made the hole in question I should get away from the place and wait
for the sector, since that same day I had to cover it. I remember that
on the occasions that I had to wait, I did so with the engine running
and on more than one occasion I stopped the engine and heard some
shots at night, Gerhard Mücke later arriving on foot next to me, who
told me "now you can close the hole.”107 Chenco, however, was
used again the following year. Wilhelm Wagner said that in 1975
Schäfer ordered him and Reinhard Döering —another of the fugitives
from justice, currently hiding in Germany— to escort two vans that
were at the access to the villa, at the house known as Freihauss , to
that area. .
"I got into one of the vehicles and Reinhard into the other,
accompanying the driver, who was a Chilean in civilian clothes, who
had people in the back."
Upon arriving at Chenco, according to his version, "we heard the
noise of the engine of a backhoe loader, of the Fuchs 301 brand,
existing at the time, a machine that was only managed by Erich Fege.
When the noise of the backhoe's engine stopped, we felt a strong
gust, to then resume work with the backhoe.
About half an hour later the two trucks returned and took us back.”108
For his part, Rudolph Cöllen assured that in the warehouse “I was
able to observe that detainees and blindfolded people were taken to
that place. On many occasions Schäfer ordered me to guard
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or monitor where the detainees were. I fulfilled this function for more
than a month and had to stay eight hours a day. I remember that
Johann Spatz always replaced me in that “service” and I think Karl
Van Den Berg also participated”.110 He recounts that he heard the
screams and groans of the victims while they were being tortured,
sessions in which Schäfer was always present, sometimes Manuel
Contreras and also the soldier he identified as Hausmann (Gómez
Segovia).
"I can say that when they entered, the noise of a generator was
heard, so I presume that they put power on the detainees." As he
explained, he remembered perfectly well that several times he saw
how Schäfer together with DINA personnel took detainees to an
unknown destination.
However, Cöllen himself also recounted what had been the final
destination of those victims. He said that around 1980 (the year is
actually 1978), Schäfer ordered him to go with Mücke to Chenco,
"since he had to burn the bodies of Chileans, since it was very
dangerous and delicate for them to discover these corpses inside
Colonia Dignidad." According to his account, when he arrived at the
place, he saw a Magirus truck loaded with human bodies, thirty according to his ca
Then they went down with the truck to the banks of the Perquilauquén
river, where some huge grills had been arranged, to which they
applied a special powder and began to burn the bodies, a task that,
depending on the version, lasted between three days and a week. .
After this, "with Mücke, we proceeded to collect all the ashes from the
bones, for which we used rakes and shovels and deposited them in
the Magirus truck, a vehicle that I myself drove to the Perquilauquén
river, where I proceeded to lift the hopper and deposit the skeletal
remains into the river.
Mücke, for his part, stated that "Schäfer told me that the land had
to be cleaned" and for this they worked several days in a row with
other people. At first, according to him, Willi Malessa was there, but
he fell ill and Cöllen replaced him. What follows is a chilling story:
«This work lasted about two or three weeks. It fell to me, along with
Collen, to deposit the remains in bags.
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These remains were decomposed, they still had soft parts. We touch
them as little as possible, almost without touching them with our
hands, we use a small excavator to dig. The bodies were approximately
two meters deep, I counted about four or five graves and there were
between eighteen and twenty-one bodies,” he declared, decreasing
the number of victims with respect to Cöllen's account.111 However,
he did agree with this in order to that a substance was applied to the
corpses, which apparently was chemical phosphorus, although other
versions indicate that it was lime. «I have no idea precisely what
substance it was, in any case it was something that burned strongly
and all the bodies were burned. Collen told me one day that he
wanted to talk to someone to find out if there were any missing
people, apparently three. These events occurred shortly before or
shortly after the year 1978, I do not remember exactly.
Manfred Lindemann was part of the forest fire brigade that was
inside the villa at that time. According to his account, one day in the
summer of 1978 he was at the foot of Mount Doradilla when he saw
smoke, for which he and other members of that group went to inform
Paul Schäfer. But strangely, he told them not to put out the fire. About
three days later, and because the flames were still visible, they
insisted. Finally, Schäfer authorized them to go, although he gave
them a curious instruction: "Get in the truck and do not look to the
right or to the left."
It was a fire that had originated in a vine and had risen towards the
hill. Lindemann recounted that when traveling in that direction, on
foot, he saw a deep ditch, which was about four meters long, and
Reinhard Döring and Willi Malessa in the sector operating the backhoe
loader.112
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Chapter 26
A state within another state
Perhaps the worst of all this is that much of the suffering of so many
Chileans and Germans could have been avoided if only the political
authorities had carefully read the report of the mayor of Linares Héctor
Taricco, when he was constitutionally accused by the colony's
lawyers. , after it became a public road that had been closed by the
Germans and ordered that it be reopened, in 1968.
Tarrico also explained that Schäfer was in the country illegally and
that there was no freedom "not even to love" on the farm. In the same
way, already in 1968 the mayor knew, and he explained it to the
country's highest authorities, “that the residents of the El Lavadero
farm were prisoners guarded by sentinels and mastiffs; that everything
was recorded, that visitors were surreptitiously photographed" and
that inside the farm "there are photoelectric devices that detect any
noise or movement that occurs in the field." He added that the attitude
of the settlers had caused many problems and inconvenience to the
residents of the sector, including the case of one of them, who had
been tortured by the Germans in 1966.
they did not belong to their colony”,114 after which they were going to leave them
to the Carabineros tied with ties around their necks.
His house, like the others, was demolished. And not only that: «They took the
animals from us, without allowing me to go looking for them. They violently
appropriate all the assets we had on our lands. To this day, we have never been
able to recover what was stolen by the German colonists."
Regarding the arrest he suffered along with his brother, he assured that they
were interrogated and beaten by Toledo, “who always told us that he was following
orders from the neighborhood. In addition, he adds that Hopp and a certain Ursula
were also among the captors.
René Gómez, who was only fourteen in 1973, was arrested a couple of days
after the coup by members of the sect.
They carried machine guns and took him to an office where they savagely beat
him. After that, they took him to the Catillo checkpoint, where he was tortured by
Toledo, according to his testimony, who insisted that he should leave the area. Of
course, once he was released he never went near the colony again for fear of
being killed.
On September 16, 1973, Ruperto Torres and his son Gustavo were detained by
Carabineros in the Bajo Las Torres sector.
Along with the policemen were Cardemil and a "civilian named Guillermo Marín."115
While Gustavo was taken to Parral, his father stayed in Catillo, where they accused
him of being a member of the Communist Party, which was false. They were finally
released on September 29; The day before they had been taken to the Parral
Investigations headquarters, where Gustavo was interrogated and tortured by two
plainclothes police officers.
On October 13, a person from the Remulcao sector informed Ruperto that there
was a radio message for him at the Catillo checkpoint, so he went to see what it
was about, after which his whereabouts were never heard from again.
The same thing happened with Miguel Ángel Rojas and his son Gilberto, who
lived in Santiago and was visiting the area. Rojas Sr. was a waiter in the field of
former parliamentarian Ignacio Urrutia of the
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Sotta, near the neighborhood, and according to police officer Luis Palma,
he participated in the arrests of both.
Their testimony indicates that “after the arrest of these people, Toledo
ordered us to take them to the house of the owner of the Palomar farm,
Mr. Urrutia de la Sotta. I have the idea that the arrest of Miguel and
Gilberto Rojas was at the request of Urrutia, perhaps with the sole
intention of removing them from the farm, where they lived.
After that, Toledo ordered the transfer of both to the Catillo checkpoint,
from where they were taken out along with Torres, losing track of the
three forever.
When the relatives of the victims began to ask for explanations, Toledo
found nothing better than to cover up the crimes with a false witness,
Juan Gómez Chandía, who thirty years later would confess to two PDI
officers that the policeman "demanded that I lend myself to declaring
false facts against some peasants in the area, one of them named Miguel
Rojas, whom he clearly located by sight. Toledo asked me to testify
before a police major that he was going to the area with the purpose of
investigating a specific incident, for which he asked me to say that Rojas
and other detainees, whose names I do not remember, were communists,
who were walking armed and that he would have detained them, but then
he had “let go” of them and that he pointed out that perhaps they had
gone to Argentina».116
that the objective of our presence in the German enclave was to look for
extremists, but that it was something else».117
Subsequently, as we already know, other operations came, such as the
one in Cerro Gallo, and the presence of state security forces around the
neighborhood lasted until the end of the 1980s.
The great mystery that remains from all this is what happened to the
bodies of the people who were detained in Catillo and Parral.
For the vast majority of their relatives, it is most likely that their loved ones
have been murdered and buried at some point in the neighborhood or in
one of the neighboring fields, which is based on various testimonies in this
regard.
The first of these is that of José Tomás Castillo, who observed several
people detained in Plot 20 —located outside the German farm—, who
were blindfolded “and were guarded by soldiers and armed Germans,
remaining without food and very ill-treatment, according to people who
later managed to be released."118 This was confirmed by his brother
Baltazar, who pointed out that "in a plot located at the entrance of the
property, I noticed on many occasions detainees, since these they were
guarded by soldiers and settlers; then Army trucks would arrive, in which
they would load the prisoners and take them to an unknown destination.”119
Part V
Jeremiah 33.3
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Chapter 27
the arms factory
Augusto Pinochet had not yet been in command of the country for a
year, after the 1973 coup d'état, when Paul Schäfer exultantly
announced to the assembly that in a few weeks the captain general,
the man who —he said— had saved them from Marxist hell, he would
visit Colonia Dignidad, something that the then conscript Samuel
Fuenzalida Devia even heard at the time, when weeks before he
traveled with Fernando Gómez Segovia to the colony taking Álvaro
Vallejos Villagrán.
As Schäfer explained to his followers, on August 20 of that year
(1974), the president would take advantage of a visit to Chillán to
attend the ceremony celebrating the birth of Bernardo O'Higgins.
The idea was, once the parade was over, to head north and reach the
sect's facilities.
There are several testimonies about this visit, but the most illustrative
of all is the one given by Federico Willoughby, who was part of the
extensive caravan of vehicles that reached the German enclave.
According to his account, after the usual greetings, Schäfer offered a
tour of the facilities, which ended in a large room furnished with a table
of considerable size. On it there were not, as expected, kuchenes or
heart-shaped cookies, but weapons, many weapons, as well as all
kinds of defense elements, including night vision devices.
Willougbhy would state in this regard that the Germans were very
interested in showing Pinochet a particular weapon, a Sterling
submachine gun, one of the most reliable 9mm caliber weapons used
by the world's military forces at that time.
Next to it was another one just like it, but it seemed newer, because the
metal still burnished.
"Is that ours too?" asked Pinochet, but the answer was negative.
So far we know that the sect acquired them for different reasons.
tracks, most of which ran parallel.
The main one was the importation of weapons and defense materials
from Europe through the customs franchises enjoyed by the colony,
given its alleged character as a charitable organization, usually hidden
in oxygen tubes, medical supplies, or humanitarian aid.
the tubes (which she says came from Sao Paulo) with other pieces of
metal that were worked there.
According to Rudiger Schmidtke's version, "before the military
pronouncement, along with other workers at the Colonia Dignidad
workshop, I had to participate in the manufacture of submachine guns
(approximately 100 units), just as we manufactured grenades
(approximately 500 units), that they were going to be used against
the enemies of Villa Baviera, who corresponded to people from the
Popular Unity».126 Erika Heimann, who spent many years in the
German branch of the MSP, would specify that she participated in
sending the famous tubes of oxygen. They were eleven-liter cylinders,
which they cut and filled with disassembled Rheinmetall machine
guns, "to then weld and seal them as cargo with the symbology of the
Red Cross (for the Colonia Dignidad hospital), adding that these
weapons were the property of the German citizen named Gerhard
Mertins»,127 name of which we will deal later.
The matter of the pistol pencils, several of which were found in the
"Jeremias 33.3" operation, as the PDI operation to locate the colony's
arsenal in 2005 was called, deserves a brief stoppage to explain that
on June 28, In 2000, OS-7 of the Carabineros de Concepción detained
drug trafficker Manuel Hernández Salgado, better known as "Mañungo",
basically because a protected witness in the case related to the
disappearance of university student Jorge Matute Johns129 had
pointed him out as the person responsible for that crime. crime. This
witness was known as Susana and was, in reality, Manungo's lover,
with whom she lived in a motel in the Coronel commune.
it came five years later, when the colony's arsenals were discovered.
Chapter 28
Chemicals and explosives
adapted for this purpose", a figure that is not in the least consistent
with what was found in 2005.
But it was not the only thing he was involved in, as he also worked
on the armor applied to a Caterpillar bulldozer, without specifying for
what purpose. He also specialized in the purchase of weapons and
military elements in different parts of the country, for which he was in
contact with Army NCOs from Santiago, Concepción, Los Angeles
and Temuco, from whom he received parts of Rheinmetall and also
explosives. "The way of operating was that the non-commissioned
officers realized that the ammunition had exploded and they handed
it over to me," he assured the court.
At the company Hiveles de Concepción, he bought explosive scrap
and a significant part of the explosives that were used to fill ammunition
and bombs. He says he learned "by hoods" that these were made by
Hopp, although he was not the only one who dedicated himself to it.
So did Francisco Lichlowsky, of Slovak origin, who participated in the
mixture of the explosive in the villa. He was a very capable and
enthusiastic chemist and worked at the Tec Hartaim explosives
company in the Renca commune alongside Hans Jürgen Blank,
Schnellenkamp said.
Van Den Berg, in turn, acknowledged that in Concepción “cylinders
of different diameters were bought, which corresponded to waste
from grenades or ship ammunition, inside which they had thread;
casings that were filled, among other components, with a powder
called nitrin, which is highly explosive and could detonate without the
need for an initiator or fuse.
For his part, Gerd Schäffrik would confess that during the Allende
period he was ordered to manufacture trinitrophenol-type explosives
(picric acid), which is very powerful, but also very unstable.
"I don't remember who taught me how to make this explosive. I know
that Hopp worked with these explosives before me, but I did it better
than him and they liked it”,132 he recounted, stating that once the
material was made, they filled large projectiles, like ships, which were
later sealed.
However, the production of weapons did not stop after the violent
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Chapter 29
guinea pigs in the colony
One of the first antecedents that we know about Harmut Hopp Miottel,
who today lives a peaceful existence in Krefeld, is found in a declassified
document from the United States Department, dated February 12, 1980,
which indicates that Colonia Dignidad « It has always been a mystery."
That child was Hopp and, although he had already shown several
signs of rebellion, Schäfer had all his faith in him and therefore decided
to grant him privileges that no one else had, except for two other young people.
One of them was Hussain Siam, whom Schäfer kidnapped in Jerusalem
with the promise to his relatives to educate him in Germany, but he
brought him back to Chile. The other was the German Günther Reuss.
They, unlike Hopp, were not fully indoctrinated and
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It is curious, very curious, that they have been sent to the United
States. If they didn't want them to study in Chilean universities, why
not send them to Germany, Switzerland or Austria, where they
wouldn't have needed to learn another language? The answer is that
Gerhard Mertins, one of Schäfer's best friends, had an office nearby,
according to various sources, and was probably expected to control
them in some way. As soon as they could, however, Reuss and Siam
fled and cut all ties with the colony.
Hopp, who also wanted to escape from the villa in his teens,
however did not try. He spent a couple of years in the United States
and then returned to Chile in the early 1970s, finishing his medical
studies at the Pontificia Universidad Católica. There he had as a
companion the doctor Helmar Rosenberg Gómez, who worked at the
UC Clinical Hospital and testified in the cause of the death of former
president Eduardo Frei Montalva that "once Hopp qualified as a
doctor, he occasionally attended the department (of anatomy
pathology) to deliver biopsy samples from their patients for histological
studies.”135
Elsewhere, they were large facilities such as the Naval and Higueras
hospitals in Talcahuano, or the regional hospitals in Concepción or Talca,
and generally corresponded to biopsies from people who had received
organ transplants. However, the constant presence of Hopp or his wife
Dorothea was "an outlier", as they usually brought many samples, for
which they did not pay, although it was common for them to arrive with
gifts such as Easter bread. "This was all very strange and mysterious to
me," he said.
The veterinarian Sergio Romero, an official of the Public Health
Institute, also met him, who declared in the framework of the same
investigation that, while he was in charge of the animal room, "in
approximately 1980 a doctor from Parral came to buy laboratory rabbits
on two occasions and years later the audiovisual press recognized him
as Dr. Hopp from Colonia Dignidad».
Chapter 30
"I"
He was the best friend of Paul Schäfer. A former Nazi officer, his
personality combined extreme business skills, unbeatable contacts in
the world of intelligence, and an astonishing lack of scruples. But not
only that: until before his death in 1993, Gerhard Mertins was
considered the biggest arms dealer in the world.
Despite the fact that he belonged to the SS, where he grew up and
obtained the Knight's Cross —the highest honor of the Nazi regime
—, he was never included in any detention list and was able to
integrate comfortably into civilian life. More than comfortably, actually.
In fact, after the war he managed to get a job at Volkswagen and,
according to the journalist Ken Silverstein in his book Private
Warriors, he even had no problem heading, in the 1950s, a neo-Nazi
organization called "Los Diablos Verdes". », which functioned in
Bremen, nor to integrate around 1952 the banned Socialist Party of
the Reich, the successor to the Nazi party.
but when they talked about prices, Mertins said no, because it was very
expensive”.141 Despite this, in 2011 the newspaper La Nación published
two letters written by Kurt Schellenkamp that point in the opposite
direction.
The first, from January 1987, indicated that "I had to organize a shipment
of 80 boxes with alleged axles for trucks destined for Iraq, but with Hans
Jürgen Blank we knew that 50 of them contained highly dangerous war
weapons", also asserting that "along with Gerhard Mertins and under the
cover of a silver mine in Mexico, I organized from the United States the
clandestine shipment to Iraq of various containers of weapons».142
Contreras and the arms dealer, as the first asserted that "I met him,
he was a very good friend of mine, since he was a direct arms supplier
to the Army, he had a huge company in Bonn and sold arms
throughout the world. I know that he visited the Colonia Dignidad on
a few occasions.”144 Mertins' business dealings with the dictatorship
were going from strength to strength. He is mentioned as the
manager of the purchase of the Bolkow Messerschmidt helicopters
that the Carabineros used for many years and also as the supplier of
military equipment for the Chilean Armed Forces.
It is not known since when Mertins and Schäfer knew each other
or what was the original link between the two, but what is relevant is
that the former became one of the main promoters and partners of
the colony before the world. It was he who advised Schäfer—badly, it
must be said—in order for him to sue the
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experiences in recent years, the settlers are very careful about outside
contacts and allow very few people to visit the settlement." It also
highlighted that “the settlement retains some aspects of the religious
order. No drinking or smoking. There are no individual salaries. People
work very hard. The settlement is completely self-sufficient. The
workers are trained under the old German system.
Popper detailed that, despite all this, Stratling "saw no indication that
it had become a DINA detention center."145
In the same way, a series of letters sent by Blank - who was the
one who handled the legal affairs of the colony and therefore spent
several years in Germany watching what was happening with the trial
-, in which he refers to Mertins as "Meerretich" , show that after they
considered that the first team of lawyers they hired was not good, they
took Mertins' personal lawyer, Ludwig Klassen, as their representative.
The arms dealer was not only concerned with the legal and political,
but also with the communication. Among what was found there
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Mertins was also the founder and president of the Círculo de Amigos
de Colonia Dignidad, an aid organization for Schäfer created in 1978 in
Germany, and in which various politicians linked to the right-wing SCU
party, Christian Social Union, participated, including Franz Josef Strauss.
In Germany, Mertins said that Pinochet and the members of the junta
were great patriots and about the colony he asserted that "this German
group made an excellent impression on me. A number of Germans who
have visited Colonia Dignidad with me share the opinion that injustices
should not be done to German public opinion."
In addition to weapons, Mertins was also interested in mining.
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While the fruit of that work was sent to Parral, they lived in
precarious conditions, sleeping in tents, without sanitary facilities and
working all day, under the surveillance of Schäfer and his armed
guards.
Franz says that they were in Tirúa for more than a year and that "a
lot of gold was found there" and that the person in charge of everything
was Ricardo Alvear, known in the colony as "Klops". at work,
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With the suggestive title "Sells Arms," Buendía wrote that "one of
the main international arms traffickers—Nazi, ex-SS member—has
established offices in Mexico. From here, according to his own words,
he carries out operations in Central America to "combat communism."
Sixty-three-year-old Gerhard Georg Mertins likes to recount his
wartime exploits as a member of Hitler's select troops and now
describes himself as a "logistics merchant." Many women, men and
children have died not only in Central America, but also in Chile or
Bolivia, the Middle East or North Africa, thanks to weapons supplied
by Mertins. If you wish to write to him, his address is 4511 Carlby
Road, Alexandria, Virginia. Or maybe you want to call him at
703-7805246," he said, adding that another option was to call "25144
in Durango: Minera Romer will answer and Mr. Mertins is there."
Exactly three months later, Buendía wrote in his column the result
of his first note: Mertins had been expelled from Mexico on March 16
along with his son Georg —who currently runs Merex— and a German
geologist in charge of the mine, in which he was associated with the
Mexican Enrique Rosales.
On May 30, 1984, Buendía was attacked from behind by a man in
his forties, who fired four shots at him with an automatic pistol. The
perpetrator of the murder was never discovered. The Mexican justice
sent an extensive questionnaire to Mertins in this regard, which he
never answered. Said questionnaire, however, not only had to do
with Buendía's crime, but with the suspicion that behind it there was
much more than a couple of notes that denounced him as an arms
dealer. What was really worrying were, apparently, the investigations
that Buendía had carried out and that implicated Mertins in the Iran-
Contra scandal and marijuana trafficking.
Mertins' implication in all of this makes more sense if one takes into
account what Silverstein indicates, in order that the German started
working in the early eighties as an agent of the United States Naval
Intelligence, but was expelled from this and then the CIA.
While all this was going on, Mertins traveled to different parts of
the world, but from time to time he arrived in his native country, where
one of his main activities seems to have been to frequently visit the
Lutheran Bishop Helmuth Frenz, one of the first to
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Chapter 31
The Master's Apprentice
He hadn't seen him for several years, but the Swiss journalist Ulrich Achermann
immediately recognized Karel (or Carlos) Honzik Hubka when he caught sight
of him looking at Swiss anti-aircraft guns at one of the first versions of the
International Air and Space Fair, Fidae, a early nineties in Santiago. The peculiar
thing is that Honzik, a subject as gray as Mertins, but with a much lower profile,
was chatting friendly with the Swiss ambassador in Chile who, upon discovering
the journalist, sped away from there.
Achermann realized that behind this character there was surely a good article
and decided to travel to Santiago, for which he called his office from Argentina
(which was located in the heart of the capital, Moneda with Mac-Iver) and asked
for an interview. with him, which they granted him. After checking into the hotel,
she went to see him.
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Years passed and that day he found him in the Fidae, in Cerrillos,
he didn't waste a minute, after the ambassador took to his heels, and
invited Honzik to have a beer, which he willingly accepted. After a
couple of polite comments, he got down to business.
Honzik was also involved in the biggest arms trafficking scandals (to
Croatia and the bribes in the Mirage and Leopard cases) that have
been known in Chile in the last thirty-odd years, mainly through various
companies he managed, the main of which was Berthier, who he
founded in the British Virgin Islands together with Oscar Aitken and
Guillermo Letelier and which, according to the visiting minister in the
Riggs case, "was created for Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte."
The document adds that "in November 1995 the powers that the
company had conferred on Honzik and Letelier were settled in Aitken
Lavanchy,"150 an expert in creating companies and moving money in
tax havens, like the ones the sect used so many times.
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Chapter 32
big secrets
"Call to me and I will answer you and I will teach you great secrets,"
says one of the many translations of Jeremiah 33.3, the name with
which an officer of the Investigative Police, of evangelical religion,
baptized the operation with which the PDI ended by unearth three tons
of weapons, explosives, ammunition and chemicals from the two
properties of Colonia Dignidad, in 2005, alluding to the biblical quote.
Said officer knew perfectly well, by the way, that he would end up
discovering great secrets, since at the beginning of 2005 the
investigators had already determined that around 1998 three settlers
were ordered to dispose of evidence, as they had done before with
the bodies of the missing detainees and vehicles.
Subsequently, in the sector near the potato fields, they took out
another container that contained fifteen drums of two hundred liters
each, which contained hand grenades, detonators, rifle grenades,
rockets and other war items, which they decided to load. in several
trucks and start a dangerous trip of one hundred kilometers to Bulnes,
a journey that was repeated several times. There they buried the
drums in a well
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of sand, but around 2003 they decided to recover them, leaving only the
explosives and ammunition in the hole.
The first three containers were found by the PDI on June 14, 2005 in
the Los Pastos sector, all buried at a depth of five to six meters. In the
first of them, in addition to the weapons, there were eighteen wooden
boxes with the forty-six thousand intelligence files, the letters and many
other documents that we have cited in this book, some of them contained
in a black plastic bag.
Another fact that became evident was that most of the submachine
guns found had been manufactured in the same neighborhood, in addition
to several concealed weapons, such as pistol pencils, but also batons
adapted for shooting, which, according to a police report, "seem specially
manufactured or conditioned to hide their true nature. Moreover, they
seem to be destined to kill people selectively and through hidden or
secret operations.”151 For many, the discovery of those arsenals and the
tokens was the voice
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Thanks
This book has involved several years of research and has also been
enriched by a series of articles that, in this context, I published in
various Chilean media such as El Mostrador, Te Clinic, Qué Pasa
and Ciperchile, to which I thank for the space and the disposition
shown by my colleagues Mirko Macari, Miguel Paz, Héctor Cossio,
Jorge Molina, Francisco Aravena and Mónica González.
In the same way, I owe a debt of gratitude to Melanie Jösch and
Daniel Olave, from my publishing house Penguin Random House, for
having promoted this project, and also to many people who from
different positions helped me over time with interviews, data and
documents.
Several of them asked me to keep their identities, so I can only
thank those I can name: Libio Pérez, Mauricio Weibel, Héctor Cruzatt,
Erick Zott, Samuel Fuenzalida, Ulrich Achermann, Volker Petzold,
Margarita Maino, Adriana Heyder, Cecilia Heyder, Winfried Hempel,
Magdalena Garcés, Loreto Meza, Francisco Ugás, Hernán Fernández,
Margarita Romero, Dieter Scholz, Franz Bäar, Ingrid Szurgelies,
Claudio Concha, John Collins, Deb Daulton, Juan Sepúlveda and
Eugenio Ortega.
1 Case No. 2198-98-Villa Baviera (Illicit Association), Santiago Court of Appeals, Page 665.
4 Acts 2:1-13 states in this regard: “When the Feast of Pentecost came, they were all together,
and suddenly a noise came down from heaven as of a mighty rushing wind, and it filled the whole
house where they were sitting, and distributed tongues appeared to them, as of fire, settling on
each one of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak in other
languages." The exact term is “glosolalia”, which according to the Dictionary of the Spanish
Language Academy means “supernatural ability to speak languages”.
20 Nix Jackson, Gayle, Pieces of the Puzzle: An Anthology, Johnson printing, 2016, Kindle
edition.
21 Daulton Tibodeau, Deb, The Serpent's Tail, Adelaide Books, New York, 2022. 22
https://william-branham.org/site/research/people/leo_mercier#_9b caed2b-
a32b-448f-8422-f6eb8ea1fd3f_ftn15. Revised May 11, 2022.
25 https://www.freie-volksmission.de/?lang=4&site=news. Reviewed on 12
March 2022.
26 Fröhling, Ulla, Unser geraubtes Leben: Die wahre Geschichte von Liebe und Hoffnung
in einer grausamen Sekte, Bastei Enterteinment, 2012, Kindle edition. 27 https://www.freie-
volksmission.de/?lang=4&site=detail. Revised April 19, 2022.
28 Ibid.
29 https://william-branham.org/site/research/topics/take_it_with_you.
Revised April 17, 2022.
30 https://www.ciperchile.cl/2009/09/03/ex-hombre-de-confianza-deschafer tre-villa
speaks-for-the-first-time-asks-for-his-part-after-millionaire-agreement-in-bavaria-
and-the-cde/. Revised March 24, 2022.
31 Lluch, Isaac, «The new messiah», The weekly of La Tercera, 20
August 2011, p. 4-7.
32 Case No. 2198-98-Villa Baviera (Illicit Association), Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 210 and following.
33 Case No. 2198-98, Arms Control Law, Court of Appeals of
Santiago, Page 445 et seq.
34 Ibid., Page 533.
35 Case No. 2198-98, Illicit Association, Court of Appeals of
Santiago, Page 665.
36 Stehle, Jan, Der Fall Colonia Dignidad, Transcript, Edition Politik, 2021,
Kindle edition.
37 https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/01/gumburas-lavish-lifestyle-exposed/.
Revised April 20, 2022.
38 https://www.herald.co.zw/gumbura-plotted-to-dethrone-govt-witness/.
Revised May 5, 2022.
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39 https://newsday.co.tt/2020/01/04/28m-pastor-declares-satan-trying
tomake-me-famous/. Revised May 8, 2022.
40 Mirista was the usual name to refer to those who belonged to
to the Revolutionary Left Movement, MIR.
41 Case No. 2182-98, Episode Illicit Association ex Colonia Dignidad, Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 2632 et seq.
42 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Juan Maino Canales, Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 2172.
43 Gemballa, Gero, Colonia Dignidad, Ediciones Cesoc, 1990, Santiago de
Chile. It should be noted that Gemballa died of a heart attack in 2002, although many
people linked to the investigations around the colony believe that his death may not
have been natural.
44 Case Case No. 2182-98, Episode Illicit Association ex Colonia Dignidad, Court
of Appeals of Santiago, Page 2613 et seq.
45 Heller, Paul Friedrich, Leather pants, bows... submachine guns. The
background of Colonia Dignidad, Ediciones Cesoc, Santiago, no year, p. 23.
46 Rojas, Álvaro, The secret history of Colonia Dignidad, Internet-Edition
GBR, 2000, p. 17.
47 Case Role 2198-98, Court of Appeals of Santiago, Episode Juan Maino
Canales, Page 2221.
48 Ibid., Page 606.
49 Ibid., Page 1900.
50 Ibid., Page 2204.
51 Ibid., Page 2137.
52 Ibid., Page 115. (Refers to Department V of the Police of
Investigations, which began investigations around the colony in 1996).
53 Linedecker, Clifford. The Waco Texas massacre, Editions B,
Barcelona, 1993, p. 73.
54 Wright, Lawrence, Scientology, Kindle edition.
55 Judgment Case ROL 229-2007, Oral Criminal Trial Court of Concepción.
67 Basso, Carlos, «The chilling testimony of the guinea pig from Colonia
Dignidad (I)», El Mostrador, available at https://www.elmos trador.cl/noticias/pais/
2015/08/27/el-escalofriante -testimony-of-the-guinea-rabbit-of-colonia-dignity-i/.
Revised May 22, 2022.
68 Case No. 2198-98-Villa Baviera (Illicit Association), Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 1657.
69 Basso, Carlos, “The guinea pig from Colonia Dignidad (II)”, at https://
www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2015/08/31/el-conejillo-de-in-dias-de-colonia
-dignity-ii/. Revised June 3, 2022.
70 Case Role 2198-98, Court of Appeals of Santiago, Episode Juan Maino
Canales, Page 1846 and following.
71 Case No. 2198-98-Villa Baviera (Illicit Association), Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 1726 and following.
72 Ibid., Page 1290.
73 Ibid., Page 1932.
74 Case No. 2198-98-Villa Baviera (Illicit Association), Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 62.
75 Ibid., Page 667 et seq.
76 The political coalition that brought Salvador Allende to power was the Popular
Unity, better known by its acronym UP. The term upeliento is a mixture between
UP and the derogatory word "peliento", which was formerly used to refer to
someone vulgar.
77 With "the affairs of General Schneider" they refer to his homicide, a crime to
which we already alluded in part 1 of the book, in relation to the data
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that Paul Schäfer was handling regarding an attempted coup in October 1970.
97 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Juan Maino, Court of Appeals of Santiago, Page
1415.
98 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Juan Maino Canales, Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 2327.
99 Case Roll 27.707-2004, of the Court of Appeals of Santiago, Pages 2305 to
2313.
100 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Juan Maino Canales, Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 2320.
101 Case File 2198-98-Villa Baviera (Illicit Association), Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 1240.
102 https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2015/09/04/el-paso-de-wal ter rauff-
y-otros-cientificos-nazis-por-colonia-dignidad/. Revised March 12, 2022.
years and a day In the end, the Supreme Court left Cardemil's sentences
to five years and the
Caulier in four.
123 Judgment Case Case No. 12.293-2005 (Homicide of Miguel Ángel
Becerra), Court of Appeals of Santiago, Page 7.
124 Ibid.
125 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Illicit Association ex Colonia Dignidad, Court
of Appeals of Santiago, Pages 461 et seq.
126 Ibid., Page 1235 et seq.
127 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Juan Maino Canales, Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 2148.
128 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Juan Maino, Court of Appeals of Santiago,
Page 1232.
129 Jorge Matute disappeared at the end of November 1999 in Concepción
from a crowded nightclub and his search became one of the main police cases
of the time. The body was finally found in 2004, more than thirty kilometers away.
Although the commission of a homicide was proven, no one has been charged
for it to date.
following.
141 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Illicit Association ex Colonia Dignidad, Court of Appeals of
Santiago, Pages 454 et seq.
142 Unfortunately, with the closure of the newspaper La Nación in its traditional version, the
original links to the investigations that different journalists carried out there are no longer available
on the web. The original title of the report was "The weapons that Schäfer sold to Hussein" and its
author was Luis Narváez. 143 https://www.ciperchile.cl/2009/08/06/el-dia-en-que-manuel-contre
ras-le ofrecio-al-sha-de-iran-matar-a-“el-chacal” /. Revised May 12, 2022.
144 Case No. 2182-98, Episode Illicit Association ex Colonia Dignidad, Court of Appeals of
Santiago, Page 386.
145 The slowness, complacency and lack of protection of the German embassy in Chile
towards its citizens kidnapped in the Parral sect were officially admitted in 2016 by Germany,
which announced a series of reparations that, in the opinion of many victims, are insufficient.
146 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Violation of the Weapons Law, Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 421.
147 Esquivel, Jesús, La CIA, Camarena and Caro Quintero, the secret history, Grijalbo,
2014, Mexico City, Kindle edition.
148 “The good opinion of Mertins about Colonia Dignidad”, La Época, 5
April 1987. 149
https://piensachile.com/2008/06/23/los-otros-secretos-de
coloniadignidad/, accessed on June 15, 2022.
150 Indictment in the Riggs case, Case No. 1694-2004, Court of
Santiago Appeals.
151 Case Role 2182-98, Episode Violation of the Weapons Law, Court of
Appeals of Santiago, Page 882.
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© Carlos Basso
© 2022, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial, SA
Av. Andrés Bello 2299, Office 801, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
It is strictly prohibited, without the written authorization of the «Copyright» holders, under
the sanctions established by law, the total or partial reproduction of this work by any means
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