12s "st 4) sey Definite and Indefinite 35a a ci ia ves = shit “poll ol” ltt izle gel? nay Lath (0) asia Adverbs e553, dae gasltBeal oe ge yl © Vocabulary csia5éh! Listen tothe new vocabulary in formal Arabic and your spoken vier. eo Gabl (eld (nail! escent Trisha adjective oda “cold fad. [af things] a som ef eo so ‘weather sa welled os pot af weather = ‘hebest “sometimes C autumn degree Temperature spring season) iumiiy ronding, crowedness i ‘an account of, because of ra winter Es) Te ets, hs feting of 2 dee as summer Ga Tigh age oud = zr season oa gud Semester psd only a a rr] ali it ade ae we is i, &call! spall alll aot, much la s 1g vain ea i asfores concerned] J Lay rey loneliness iuogh ‘Notes on Vocabulary Usage 1. In both spoken and formal Arabic, <1 is used with an indefinite noun ‘0 mean NDy aI” ya dale Guar) leak Quo! 0 binsle hee Said” ga “gadget” § dita Suc! noun in this construction and does not ake ether a 8 2. The exprenion J Za isone way to exes n opinion. Literal t mens “in elton to (e/you/her.)” Linen od ante appropiate forms - @ ose yee qa dae j Cry fl Sy EE | wa wat ay i Say | alath Tae | way Whim gay way ol Cr Sie) ey eda | oblaatty Gadezal jhag slo alll @) (Cal) agaed bel) Sapo Complete the sentences with appropiate formal words fom the new voesbu: 16) lye Roly cal ybgo yale. 1 ed nel go techy lad Gul 0 lea pal Sed uusl ay sont. deca flare ing Gots deal Shae Shalyto 2 gully Se TS Laas Uae te f vil Sag 9.1 he aad 9 ae shal BY 48 Maal ol Se allel ia Gel VA fae 9 Od § 9a9 gah ine A rally Sl ely Lael Gls te be § gall had - a J gpl ey ial §aysgld JI dal Gol I tal > satel Sy Spall ante ye gata bl oF Lath Le agate gf da te Boll GW g dele Q) (Cal gd dar g Slaydtl ” gape “eee!” Jl “del oe” ga Lael IysSly SlayAMl ae a Ignatal ©) (Gea 8) “e985 gad” J gd got Gaps Sell gli Soll AS lgaStp Ignace ‘Watch people alk about the weather inthis vdeo in clas, i possible of as istrocted by your teacher Then, with partes, makeup a dnlogue about todays weathee ee!Lesson 8/2 A B (Gaal g) g5edlej Ila st ga as 1 Where do they goin the summer and why? Do they travel inthe winter? Where and why? 2. What are thei national/ethac cxgins? Do they know alt abou hem? 43. Something they always do, something they do alot, and someshing they do 4, What do they do when (Lei:e) the fel lonely? ‘5, How sche temperate foe them today? How isthe temperatae is thei oom ‘ot house? 6. What clases do they ave fc eptng ezneste? 17. Which isthe best cit inthe United States to liven, and why? (Ge «wo reasons) 1. What she fvorite went? Tht voit time of yar (eso? What (inde of weather do thy not a> 2 ath he it semester ther in college? If s,s it god sess? 1f notte it ester good? 5. What the bet hinge hiya a they te concerned? (Pine to asks question, you man chooses specie nou, such pain abo jo Rememberto we indefinite nuns Askabouiee Aiteret “be” ing) 4: Do they ke owas Why or why ae? 5. Where do they goin the summer and why? Do they uvein the wine? Where ad wig? 6 What do they do sometimes? 7.-What cases do they have fr l/sping semen?Beall Gaz slo yall dala dail! “Bhpige dase yelol WW” “eggs Co la” 0 Gripes QO Watt do cast g) wad Listen te using the strategies you hve | Listen od: sing the strategies youhave learned. Writes short paragraph or each | learned Write shor paragraph or each question. You may use oval aueation, You may use ont inal grat words and expressions, _| andor gol words nd expressions. Wiss $a cone sal oo ig Sala aby aos ye ¥) Slee Gl dpa 9S ie isis aap ast 92) SO Toile sty Fuhle ied oes AS Sie a 925 Sh ae F hall §s ‘With partes come up with some ways in which d/l can improve her oak om life The switch partes and ake urs playing n/c and gig her your aggsions OD (Gaal ig andl §) “Be Vy” Bayh 58” 21 apes Watch he dialogue “Fel Ya." | Watch the datogue * and answer ded answer 1 Spc Whats the situation? 1. ge What isthe situation? 2. What id she ak him, and what wos the | 2 Wha i she ask im, and what wasthe response? response? 5 What expression dd she use withthe | 3, Notice the word Oss -@ tee tis used words andwhatdayouthinkit | in expressions endearment ant signet ' ‘eane? What isthe cosponse? tne willingness todo anyhng or someone How isitused here? _Lesson a? O) th g) dor GSA Y gape Sang Ul "Ge a Jal gly Cll daw yaa \ dclgall In ts scion ve wil review the dels of noun pts in Anbie cig 0 he cierencs beter canst ch he ayy tag fami in Abe Definite and Indefinite in Phrases and Sentences 8,Si\g 43s} rnoun-adjactive phrase adjective definite noun or adjective indefinite noun or adjective {In Arabic, nous-adjctive phrases suchas gs:3 Ca, and sentences withoat verbs suchas (85 Cal nsemble each other losely. Only the presence or absence ofthe cei atle I ton the adjective distinguishes one fom the other Keepin mind that allnouns and adjectives in ‘single phrase must match in definitenes o ndefitenes, whereas sentences usually consist of a definite faye and an indefinite 6 (Za! Jae). Paying atention to dfnitenss i an Jmportant strategy in reading because it helps you secogaize the relationships among nouns and adjectives in complex sentences, even when the vocabulary unfailia. CCompate the use of I in the thee sets belo: What do you notice? c ® a Compete Sentences Jat | yaa Ho + pul 36 diet et Thecassissmal | eo | the smat class] geil Lai! asmaltclass | ko Lo Theaivisbig [ig Epaal| hetigcty | egSh ati |abgay | eS tae Treatudenisare] ISN | the busy I] Toomer buy |S busy shyt | students sige! | tudents | dalekColumns A and B contin soun-ajective phrases that are ether complete indefinite (Column A) or completly definite (column B)-Inan indefinite nou-adjecive phase, such a3 “abig city” all nouns and ajetives must be 3,5. [na definite noun phrase, such s “the busy students” both the noun and its adjective) must be 2,23. In contase, column C contains complete {e0! Jae, showing the most common pater: Deft a: an indefinite | Peep terminate re |i and Lu. are all definite. Therefor, the adjective that modifies « noun + pesvessive sfx must also be definite and takes | sy Egyptian friend her Palestinian relatives, our beautiful city eal (Cad B) Hall + Quel ch ape ‘Complete the sentences below with noun-adjctve phrases by matching the noune and sjetves from the ints with che sentences below: Remember to make the adjectives agree swith their nouns and to use JI where needed Some sentences will equi pl forms. teloal aa fg - GS - aby - dh - 3/ bye - 3/ gue dea ~ Hae = Yueh - Ble = Lae - yuah - abs lio dee - yl - yaaiie - ye - yl - gran = ahd = 9S = ual - Sal = ae way Ele GSS hss 1 sol AIS § is x r eg AS esis oye f Sas gal a ‘cpl nme wg. an hcp th ensue aso pnt light eh Ll ad fr reearmmermennrrniimaneeseneneniiecems eamLesson 5 08? ous a pis Ota Laas oh Stall wal a gall + . GQ) ash g) $a] gl dios gal 8 Gnas ‘Thien is erable olin on cats “The demonstrative Ls and 0 ate used bath n sentences, for example “his isan easy test" and ia deiite noun phrates, for example, “his test.” What differentiates these two constructions? Compare the phrase in A and Bi This isa large city A This is an Italian restaurant. These are old houses, eae forehii this beautiful city this Ralian restaurant these old housesBeall pie gle gait ‘You can see that section A contains sentences, whereas section B contains phrases. Tis distinction is made grammatically by the use of; The definite phrses in B rer to definite, specific ene, and so the nouns and adjectives mast be defi. In the sentences in section A, the nousadjective phrases function as 6], and aze indefinite We ean, of course, we ‘definite noun-adjective phrases in sentences by adding a, which is usualy ingen: f f This big city i very beaut ag Mone nS dal on This Wallon restaurant isthe best! | Uqsba Gaol lal gall ia These ald houses are historic. Bayh gull Oggola ‘Demonstrative Pronouns in Spoken Arabic ‘The following words axe commonly wed demonsuatives in aL and a (also spelled 03) 19 ala «fala is s glscgole ole ‘You have heard and used these demonstrative pronouns in sentences ike the following fla] pata lo eabs lala Bg0 go GESa S| deb omy ge In etn Abc hr isan ona sort fom of the demons poaou hat fs wed in definite noun phrases: The pronoun has no gender and is pronounced asi sttached tothe definite noun it modifies these houses Spl ole this street this region "Lesion 0? (Goad gl Cay! ) S585 AS sy yall ZAM J Ignis Gy ped 1. The old (5) man is tied Linh tes ha? 5. This semester og! 48 This ian easy case 5. This i beauifl eter, 6.Thin isa cold wine? 1.caio i very lage cy 8. The new lb is ery eo 9s your new end student hee? 10. The short woman i Saud and the tl nee Kuwa. 1. They remember thi dificult childhood 12. live on (5) tis wide tet, and orercrowding ra problem. 18. Thenew stidetis Peach of Morocean ag 14 dont fe nel in. big Em 15. This water is ery hot and suny! 16. This stoi ae is eyo. (Bell ) aLay / Hall + gua) Gaps | With parine, combine the following pais of words into a phrase ard use each in a sentence. Think about whether you want to use ZiLo| or el-+ 4A and think about the rales foreach Bel dot keg t dante | pet ais eet yaby | igh + thle A digo + ile | oon ute ds | lll gr + abt dys 0 | | |OQ) teety saci ‘Lean the numbers from eleven one hunted Liste to exch ofthe aumbersia the formal Anibic pronunciation, and thes listen tothe same numbes as pronounced ia your dec. oafaptes sey 1 Asain Ouapteg otal Yr Aer ies 26 Yt epi Ualeapteg dni ve po baht celspiey tua YO ELS 10 Sfoagteg Ha VV Ben dal) t+ Sigyey de AB dae W seal fb Bea A aBENosn8 te guste fagste Y> ‘Numbers 11-100 with Nouns Unite the numbers fom hice ta, which ae flowed bya pal now, te munbers fiom eleven to one hunded must be flowed by a sigur nu in alvaieies f Arabic: In formal Aabic you wil te singla noun tha fellow numbers eleven to ney ine waten ‘with 08 Jos ending the sme eles tha apply to the incezogative ASM a WS (Ugsts) ¥+ gue Wigs (phe aad) 10 — SUgell Ks J am lige 0S Ta spoken Arabi the single nos bs no ening: sgt 999 (GBME) T+ ga — Sen M90 65 Ain ( AS8R5) 8 gras --§ din (lS yas ©) (Cat §) slac ! glarwil AY Ga pes ‘This exercises avaiable alin ony QO) (al B) GUS Slade AK Qa pes “This execit ial online oni “hes ling SL rs Us tli apm "Yo Anbeimpoes geet rr aft edo hme Yo wile hoe apes Ac se fv tt Spm dlr ae at awed ono nm hea eg poetalee mLssson 5 ge (Gall §) Igtig ie Play bingo! Draw up bingo sheets with five rows and five columns contining numbers fom one to nzey nine: One person tine acts the cal, cling out nner sander, sd the others check of che umber they hav. Theft pron to get Gre ugh aco ot agony wins the ound glow O) (Gerd bg cant &) “poe! lal” 10 Sy p05 “Thar rw pr oth xis Watch he vide and compete atin Cl § I ‘Wc the were port Waite east onc tough vthout sopping eh ma ies then male some notes a plan our cond ses Wat fare mato a ou fe Mates st ht satis infra ou bea nung mame of ytd ‘Swear forest thal bay Stare and compare your noes with pare If you could kp some of the des enone in ve, cere would you goad what she went ke ee? rail Lali! QD (Cee g) SGeall § Tae se ged V1 Gaps Thee te de pus ois eee Wah yaaily ai and awe he gesons bel The denon ec cb comple ine bok or onne 1. Listen to Mata tell her story in =), What > words does she use that differ fiom dlalect words? List thems 2, Listen for Maha’ explanation of how she fees. In sentences \ and ¥ she wis a connecting ‘word that introduce an explanation, similar to “since” or “because” in English, White what you hear (Hin: Remember that one letter parties are connected to the follwing word)pall Lae ste gal t egal gS Aygi58 Ste ol Y.) Gly N diysbl odo 3 Bacghh blel xsl y Aggy Wyo Uf gaa JF o (7) Sasa9d dia oy Ms. > © dybyl (Ws 0) dhie ” On gle Ons. 0 ag ro) oo an oda § on tel ov). 0 wae “) ov WO gs (77) aye wn Spl OM)s on) bs (0) co) wy) way ¥ deli! Adverbs gaill G29i3 is - Sab - le - fe - tal ye = Wel - bp tes - Sa “The words that you see above all share the grammatical ending go)! 253°One of the sin fanetons ofthis ending is to mais a noun or acne into an adrery x word that todfes or describes ne Moxt adverb tha ed in are apeled wth aif which canbe writen with oc witoat 5.9 or | In eg, unvoaized tex the smb is ‘fen omit ering jot as in io ot Lg. Keowing this ps you identify dre in tet: Look for words ending in ai TF they ae not proper noun, ances ae ey sould be resd withthe sending L.A few words thet are common sed 8 avete end in 8 Remember that & does aot ake an al Tealtie wm fcce oa ahead, gol ig Gl 55 Nov ah i wo eg ing ie jl ny Ocelot ann sed wh ten nd ‘or fay eo gi mal og Me wi er ota gps 32Laseon 5 ye? Adveab placement isfy eile in Arabic and generally cotesponds to English word ‘ide, withthe exception that a Arabic adverbs tent folow the web In addon, advecbe ‘may als follow the object of the web or ome atthe end ofthe sentence LS cbyt el Ua ogieye yl lt Lae fgg I ola Gs Sis daa Like thie Bgl equvateats, che adverbs Lio, Ll and Sab anay separate [an and 3 Both of these word order ate possible: fage uel Y lalate or diss tall She glo gm or gly Sib gn [Not howees th the adres Li mst follow the ete t modifies informal Anbic fhe dylyite jos hay Blake go (Cag §) BUS AV Goya Wie ten sentences that dsctbe what our ies ad fay and other d/o nto, and how much, or how often they doit, by using vesbs and a vaiety of adverbs. Use all of ‘hese vebs, and vary the persons co practice all of them: + dh gsi © ch «ba - uo - Gen - 3 dass = Se sly - toy - Bly - yay - Si - oy - SSL (Gall 3) gail! Gag: Gays ‘The pail 5253 ending may be used on many nouns and adjectives that refer to location in dime o spice Rephuase the following undetined phrases by making adveDs out of them. (Remember to drop and we the Se forms ofthe adjectives) tgs <— styl b dase Y ge33 lito cheall § dgasdull alah ¥. iS Lal § yosleal flag ste dll (Gaal) Seda Iglel 14 a pes Ask (S35 forthe ie information. Remember to rephrase the quesions to wse : second peso with ‘When you id someone who ike you, sy Ll Ul i alo ol Opts go Lalo pul LI Bley WS yo. Blo) CLI Sia Y yew Gaz Olss ga + Saale! gua Ly (Say Yo HSU, Shab dab) ole Coy V yet fhe dpe wl s Shae dle gee Sig Iles digs ps HSLo 1 sla dass yoo Beli (Gall d “Syq2g” O65 V+ Ga pod foe you beg ol he lowing a oka he ea wi pte, brainstorm wit might be abot What hind of nae Joyo thnk Wit Ha ifort do you cert fini ‘hs yu a epg ore in, enenbe at ou a ooig oo igs youlnon Sip words nding of wd hata unt go ono nc een Tryon nove sence scr to el we ech sentence agar oat yoran key movey Aryou ve melo do it enn, ek tesegeay nine CompebeonAiot wih ae megs 4 Phase One: Skimming and Scanning ‘Work through che ext quickly. You goa ito identify parts of the tex tha you wll focus on in the second seading It is aot good ide to write any Englsh (je, translations >t prompts) fon the page. Trust your besa co recall and reconstruct the meanings of the wos you have ‘igure out from the contest. You might want to mark the sentences or lines you would like to focus on in the nex phase. 2. Phase Two: Information Gathering Before your second reading, compare your notes from phase one with your artnet Go ‘ough the text together and focus on the parts tha you both dented in the ist eading Whar isthe main topic ofeach paragraph? List the new words whose meanings jou guessed from context, backgzound knowledge, root, and ater grammatical ses pee5. Phase The: Close Reading sad Aas 4 The word l/l ets thoughou the text shown on the ext page Wha ind of ‘ord si@ Wht kindof cones doe it osu i? What do ou tik tele? What other words recur with tan what you thnkthose woth men? Looe tJ (2) tnd dol in pase bs. Where dcr the tent dcoss people? What grammatical forms hep yo identify the tight en? Se if ou can ge out what the phase 23,2 Sle gane means. «:Fnatlest one cramp of echo the fllwing Flow does recog the acre Help yo gst menting? ‘its ee Bae diag gal ey Lt endl gy Li st daLigall jae ale yall (Ge) does AND gb hae 38 pk New ak Cy Lage se BAD Bs AM ad ake Ay BE Chae aie SpA fail CAND GI Dalal le Sad SIV ie S10 Male Eh 5 case Cabell abee 84 dye She Sie fel 5S yay saa gS a gH Conse LAT ayy ya Jal) akc 4S chal, Heal HA AAD $y al Casal US ae 2y omtine Sady ote Ray coasts SHS s Si vey sete yA wlan Quad of Rial al age a a lay SIM Lan a gly La faly Ye ie oll ge I PAL hails Al 5S Uy wcletaly Jal) py Le usd aay ce GVA BULA le lg ce dan el ny gs Ua ge BS aa AR I oe ln lS) gf AV EBL VY le ol gi adel el Ee | aSUAN lig Milne Zan iy gh 00 guna 1h ola Jol Se yd yal se lnen Ua igye L gelhen yey oe hy a lal gy Ose sa Sg (GS aSUT MS SE Aah yay yaa ed glee ly 3S) EF ae Lees Had gale gai Ue ase Gyy SPY inn QS Cips pad, Hillne Sh alSiny ASIA Winey ph CUO LH Ge yim ay Ill gas jhe, G8 Actes BLA pine sy dans IY,OTE a By psB tie IS GIS p yma anh gal B50 BN LL y Jel all Lal US Go SY gl) jan ll 2 INO shag V8 y aS srel) oa Gaba etl NM cog a he Cle ne © ale Ll hy AS am a Vs aye Sins Ne pp Ae games pS al Say aga iS (aL IS iy NY Ss Sl ad iy IED Ge ZV 4 sla oc Q Ul case IS oe at sie Sy soe Ay se etl A All Sl pS SOW A He Shan Ae Ce ne SS aD he pana 0a lays A igs canal yy ally Sb SA a Ai ay ga eal” Ul pal JS aby al Byetine dy gp CaS, ABA dash Wy Oe ph Lind ga Ao yngs gall gh Uhaly Slat 35h al Nyhan AN hel ale Lad LS en You Sie) “Sipe SADA LA pay Sania pA Tin ale an aps /aematefaog/index php ee | heLesson Ue)? (Gually Call G) Boley AES BLU AV Gy 05 ou bare ge esa new people wie of: Ap lyadd ey BN lgael dino J ‘This kindof sentence cr be wed to ince and describe any new pon: lal A plang Jans Sate ita 4 tone col J sty dys § Sas he J (nana cand or ptes of pape, innodhce and describe vrous pope in you if in senrencs based on these models Waite one setenceon exch a In las our acer wll ‘collec the catds and mix them together. Take a card fram the pl, radi and find its owner ‘by asking questions Use the appropriate pronouns fr the ware ou are lerning: feed sel G ae eal] sw ‘These questions give you models to follow: fdle yas! cast I Jo Sdaalall § uh ge wl Jo Fhasigll opts G5 oe! all Fehggs Ayag Sle I el} Full Coy Cole a Sgbitls g lgeul Blaby dav! eabig abil ~ 2aSLilt § alll wos / eLadiny alll - deSLNi § all Leodl 4) hete means safety and/or well-being, and this expression is wed to weleme someone back from & tip or an ills —_iis as you can. ‘Compare the wea {How doas the conversation end? What strategies do you hear for ending A palit? pall d hae slo a ©) (eed B) Gugsl SLal BY” F “yiash & Lal QI" ANT Qa ped |.Why doas one woman say all g ail anol 7% How does she describe the place? Give as mary details as you can 3-f yall AS Compare the weather in bth plac “. How does the conversation Wiha stratagies do you hear or ending comersations polity? O “Ayal RES” dably 59,5 SUI ais a Lebanese singer. She is one of the mort famous and popular sages among all _generationsin the Arab East today because of herbesufl voice and the many difeent sical sates which she sings These gees range fom casa poetry to fll song to modein “Arabic ja” Her cast ‘began in the Inte 1950s and was Iunched mainly by the sical plas that her husband >I gle nahi brother pais wrote. Maay of her most fons songs, inching the one that you wl het, come fom tote mics The Sle brothers were themscies very nnn the eld ‘of modem Arabic music and ciested choo of songwriting that combined cements fom fllore, the casiel Anbie wna, and Wester music More eect, sn, 65 Slee wsten ooge fr he that show the-nBuene of jizz and her Westen asia geres while retaning Abie elements Saad sings mos of her songs in the Lebanese dec, induding the following—one of her most famous song. ‘You can listen to er sng this song by iter going to the website: swawwyoumibecom/eatch?v=QPNOjNeSwr¥ o+ following the lnk on the AL-Kinab website, ‘You cam also follow slong by seading the yc either by going to the website: hnp:/faanen.net/Kmataphany/{fyeon/Toyi-balyCheml or by following the link on the |ALKataah websiteLesson yo? ry special tention tothe second vere of Ives aad learn some of the new words you hear Sng aong ua ese Iwaited for you | ahi ing |S pehind beyond | ae dae bl je jho3 O(a §) ES sles art Gy pas ‘This execs arab oneal ©) (deat gh sl Call) ged Beh VE Gua pod ead the faving pegs, it sen for comprehension, hen aud to practice rr Sata or eed your woe del be AS] gig dnalell de bad gag Phsiss J Oud Aino galt ash Sly lly A & INL Lyne gly OB 0 dally Gnas Le dy sl Ssh V Gy 255 lane 9 Bol dy all 52,5 ge elStig Lealell § yl AAU yoy OSI Weeding Une pls 90 Sapna US Lb Gal ly deal Sp dlgune lal ga I shal 225 33 rsh dda Cll ds Laallgg Ay al yg Bly Asal el Se Sle yas Ash a5 pas Lay Abt Sigly. uel gail ot Beal ough Reilly gyal sy BIEN gst ~ HASTY AVY lyre (SN Gpeog 9 gales Giegies4) bo ge ga) 30) seg ow 16 OP gma a 0) al sal A aig iia j Jats ye aI “TS Reel! galt@ Vocabulary cla5ah) Listen tothe new vocabulary in your spoken variety snd in formal Arabic. iat | gyal all her a (ni re a iis commerce ade a ronning _ a he cians acquire lob dagreel z “To obtainfabtaining (ect lector clase She sae ite aa he oraduaiea, graaing ee Tredvsted from? @e busines administration Laren te goesto dencing spo wimeing ‘week ‘wa years company a eee Hess photography =] a) arava ello eacing asitant ane basketball ay soccer, European fall = ae inorder to, frie purpose afl 7 because Gata Because ofthe forthat reason ay wi? elLesson 6 ye? alt] geal] gpl he plays, playing ‘Leaeathe das ofthe week in Arabic by listening to the days in the vatces of Arabic you are luring. As you listen determine the correspondence between the names of the days ia ‘Amie and English, (Hints: One of the names sa cognate of “Sabbath,” ard the Est day of the weeks Sunday. Remember to sea rght tle) eo en] stabs gy Mew cas tei si lt at au] | ae] ss Notes on Vocabulary Usage 1. The verb Js Jae! is used in a rather limited sense in Arabic: It means‘ obtain ot axaire degree, job Scholarship general, something you might get fom an ofc agency ot 2. The verb Co‘ isa pasttense wes, 26 you can tel om its meaning ind the pronoun suffix subject, which matches the endiag on the ver CS. The other subject endings you Jknow fom the verb IS can be used here as well For aow, learn and pratice the singular oums using the table below Note thatthe] suffixin spoken Arabic is spelled evo different ‘ways leaen to recognize both | | we3. The word Sch eal the ocutece or ontt of an scion inthe ast sch a, “She _raduted year ag” or “We have been studying Arabic for one yea” or “They have been living in London since 200.” In these sentences, Jie means ago, fot, and since spectively ‘The main vesb canbe past ot present, depending on whether the action stl continues, sin “Thave ben living here since...” or whether the aeton occured once inthe ps, asin “He ‘graduated a year ago” The English translation of Is wil be clese frm context ia each car. ‘The main vez can be in any me fame, and the English tration of J: will depend on that verb. Notice chat che speci time follows ‘ca | have been living in Seattle for the past 3 years. was living in Dallas 3 years ago. Iwas with heran hour ago, sta Fie Ble date § SS ia Fin gil tain § BES OW ye Gal ysl Y 35g doles Sie Iyer CS ‘Use the examples to help you translate chese sentences iigilall hus Lily alo Gyel J Aas Sie dual ABU yy sl Ain Sia dnaledl go Cej3 | Welw die Ugilll Wnno go (ISS a5]Lesson 6 ue? Oblggll SST Seloblga be ‘Listen to interviews with some cy ax Lt about their Uys, Which Obs sre mentioned? ©) (Call g) Bagdad! OAD Ga pes Compete the sentences using the new formal vocabulary eal ab aS 9 pl de gad oli dle gs tne Ca) “gully alll ol ZS" — Nasal egal § ns on Heal Rae Je aod 8 be Cea att Woda d dass Gal. Baogly td said G Baral cal ue le 0 Ossie oA Lee Sup Gpial ISS GI A busy Shey gauze Log eal Ge yng Je ny le? Soll Ges) Us pull 855 galls Goll go a “aD I 6" I J VAM cen 90 Stor dae dal Saal po dans Sis daa Viel Ul ele ja deaell pie ales, Bab Sy dl ash ’ ater de Upend goal Lg 110 da Seale a \ bl Lb G] “Sse Upp” sf es J dad ply W genadll” —— "Sgyall al Ka pgp JST a8 mayO) ath B) daz § Otydbl er ype Segal Up "aes" ga dail IgaSly Cloyd! Jar Jl gaa (Waal §) Serle} lala: a pa Find a many 8 you ca who: 1. Gaadotd fom college are pada flows nov, and ar sting to eta ey. 2h th nme hobbies they id in thi cdhod If nt, why ot? 5. Graded fom 42h! one year ago/two yeas age yar ag 4 Have parent(s) or ing) who ve amar dpe >in snes dinistion. 5: Do nthe cases ve day a werk Which dae do they nahave case? ‘Which days do thy hae the most cases? 6 Have nl thi ct. 7.Go tects jut ect hey wat ono for las. 8. Remember how the weather wa tne weks aga How wai? 9. Ae mornin bans, of wet weted to msjorin basins. 10, lave edn the sre hone for many yeas How many yeas? dala Laill Q) Cag) SWE LP) Say UP gape Listen to a, using the strategies you | Listen tog, using the strategies you have learned Write » paragraph have learned. Write 2 paragraph for each question. for each question Set cerkas Fad oy Sood 98s RG uote ou9 1 Spar IS hosne le al dealell cane 1 | Spon IS pane le td HIME gaat ute Y Yel da all © Sagal dan 937 $9 QU43 Hghte We 1 all ad Rigid GobLesson 6 > QD sat 92 go SGU! Witch the inerview with apa» Suyae as he exlhns the xe system, QO) dae § SlayAtl 0 Gas Sp” GVO” ga dal IgaSlg Clo Jacl Igaatal \ deledll Preview of the Dual «61 You bead jb ore we te word a” feng to “two yea” Ian § you eae saps Sst aly gy Bath grand Ty hee pata ng called di wich indies pcialy hamat fonbuan ea Tt edge forma in ail doe fom now alec of ples Ani, wich yu bt one so the ocala. The cig Ondo the wed wd i J 21-The tot tt nde two sg ih ou en he Abi ame ote a en Tnspokea Abit ul uci aed many on on nditcan gee messing eer sn cx oe posting fo cote Both meng se pn in tse examples apseel Ge ge go Obily § CaS pl le LB ggele S151 a5 In paid ending anos 0 on nous bat ao on eines eb and proton We wlpeent hse for outo en sey ie or nor eae da ‘sfc when you ean he them wl be ny You fo ety then beens te al share che endings | or of. The following sentences contain examples cf diferent dual sus: oul! guid G Olas bel lye Ul asi she VI ps b bi oy(eval Lal ©) atl gy ue UP apes Veh ol) and ame te gues bel The dation exe cn be eer asars 4 What makes tis version sound more formal than the spoken one? Compare the use of ‘vetbs in parca, and lst che differences you her. 2 Line othe words J and 9. What eon do thse words new? What imped petion does Kha anwar in his nace! Wate ou the questions 2 IggSly Mb gested ¥ as (0) Mall gl () ate oh ©) data © o eorly w o bl g eel 0) 0 as or) on. on (Soe (30) gas oe y Og — ww ow 4 o wy aa. wo (0) we) ™ hai “Lesson 6 ye)? ¥ slg! shel! ‘You heard Khalid use the word Je Jpabil with the meaning of “to obra” which san infinitive verb fotm in Engl ‘1am studying fin orderl to obtainan MA | szaels ye dyad! yas ‘hismeaing canals beexpesedin Bnglsh as “Tam siding forthe purpor of obsining an MA.” Informal Ansbic Je Jyatl means both btn ad obi Another word yo now that fanctions sali, go ae Both le Joe and al belong to a dass of words known as alas (¢) sai, Italy 1e sore, since Aab grammasans consider this tobe the source form ofthe vets As ch, ll expec the abstract ides of fn action, ofa action that has note reference or tens this is what “nt” means) Because itis an abstact concept, hl wilalmos always be dete (sometimes asthe Kirst ‘word in an i. ‘The nate of ual as highly abstract kindof word means thats wal more in formal ‘Arabic than poken For example in eson 4 you hear Maba sy!) s= wherent in the callogil stories you heard Lal La le Us, These tw constructions mesa the same thing, ae just more forma. Compat the following pis, whi alo ove ia meaning: ‘ ila Cow Ail Gel Glas sll Glin gil Ly Although kt often corresponds o an Bagh word ending ining” not all English words cading ining can be expiesed in Atbic with Jol. This is becuse the English | suffix ing as two diferent functions only one of which matches that of cl Think about | ‘he eof the word “running inthe following sentence: j ‘Ramis nt just sport fr the young | Tam ring t ath the bs | la the st sentence, “ning” it noun, Notice tht you ca substiue frit otberaouss lke “basketball” and “Soccer and tha it fers to an abstract notion but noe an ongoing section ao one is actly ening in the fst sentence) In conte, “ruairg” in the second sentence function as an adjective Notice that you can substitute fore anothe adjective, such 4 “happy! and epics up with the veh “to be” to indicate an ongoing aon. The Arabic ‘sas is noua, not an adjece, soit cannot be used ia sentences such a“ am runing” ‘When you practice using yal, remember that cannot ake a subject; we annot sy things sock a os Ul all a salad Col ‘ve au, oan aie i conopons prt wala gud En mene os Eagle ora of Sel un "etl goer yew asa ee af a gi tr thc tom ce re? td ppl Te aie je er a ‘tienen bt onscreen! spt fr pre wc wl sia ‘kaa ohBled Sy aan Rates, we use Lal to convey ths meaning: ws} 83. Use oy things ach as, "Tite runing "Geting a depe is importa” “Teel ca be fun,” ad “Lexning seiSdanis not ha” _yvakl and Verb Patterns (Can mepdi the form of In many cates, yes we a, scoring to pattem of| the veth fa lesson 4 we presented the concept of vez patterns, and you aw fue of thee patterns, whch some Englsh grammars and detonate call Form I, Form €, Form I, ‘nd Form V. You know tha he stem vowels of Form I verbs ae unpeedcable sad mast be rmemotized. Form T sax also donot adhere to one fed per, though thee ae afew ‘very common one. Hence, the js ofeach Fora T vib must be memotied Each ofthe oer forms hana sed 2 pate that regu nd predictable wih ste exceptions ina few igh fequncy verbs As you len moce verbs and tet Las, you wllse tse pater secuzing We will present the most common ofthese patterns inthe sections ht flow oO All the pattcrns sted below are common Form j..as patterns. As you ister to each st, pick ou the pattern shared among the verbs and Lal. ait “This patterns the simplest and most commen jaa pattern of Form si sh Ja Siar tothe pte, hese tree jolae show sightvoweleriaons, Toering sally tstenng fther inked her el bleu erate ‘eaten _ In this pattern, the short 2. vowel inthe first syflable and the long vowel sn the second sflable echo each other. Madd! “his pattern common among “activity” vars, a5 voelin the first syllableLesson 6 ye? Loki / Jad These two verbs have less common shes patterns. FormIt: jack 5) ‘The Form Il jis pateens highly regula Ih two sll, the Gt egianing with > andthe second containing the lng vowel s- You ean alo sein he examples that ll may be wed as a regular nour: a: means bot photography and taking pte Recogiing this pate as a Form I .uas means that you ean derive and se the wee fm i a you sce inthe hat below Al Form II vas allow the pater of Notice that Form verbs have a shad, or doubled consonant Form iti 2LEi4) ‘You know three verbs inthis pattern now; shown inthe table below What is dhe shared pattern among these verbs? What pattern do the fst to joao share? Nate thatthe verb ils basa ja that does no the pattern (ere exception). Form Ii verbs and ysl have a distinctive ait The ver La} does nat use the regular ‘has pattern: Its a rare exception for this form, i Form: Pei i) ori Vis also a very common veh pattern. Whats the pattern you see hee? Which vrs ses 2. that doesnot tthe pattern? {he frst one ig more commonly used, eventhough it does na fit the pattern,—| Form VI: JLa=3yl ‘This pattern also has a, but itis positioned berween the secondand third rot consonants Pick out the roots ofthese two vesbs, then look atthe shared sllable pattern What ae is stngushing frac? This pattern has a Cs added between the second and third root consonant. ul What do you think the verb (jai.j means? Beginning in lesson 7, the js.2+ form willbe given along wth Lal! of eachnew verb 0 that youcan memorize both ¢ Lak and jal! together. We will earn tothe rot an patern system of Annie verbs in lesson 8. Layly j.baabl While ics pur ofthe ve sem, js. behaves grammatical likes nous it can be » subj, objeto pect of «sentence ort can be the objec of a prepoiton, a thee examples show ‘ Koso qaasishl Ault.) stitll § dol Gol 9 F 1eS, ed dally igo Gaol Sal JI Gladll Us JSb Jn We noted before that sas notmally definite, ad inthe examples we have see 0 fz, sled have all had J But vai an alo occur in an 8, and, in fy, it mus be the Best term of an La) if its action is ered out on an objet Fr example, the verbs ‘usualy involve reading and writing soning In order to express this muting wih jal we suse an Zi waiting the homework literally ‘the writing ofthe homework) watching televsi the watching ofthe televsin weLesson 6 ye? (Cagd §) shasl V Ge pod ‘What are chey talking about? Use an appropriate. o express the action, ading words ss you need them. Remember to decide if al! is definite with ¥ or because tis in an 3.3] Lill ALS Gol V Jkt soy Osied Ja de JB CUS I gated pole 2 dpe Gael. ASHI UI Casl < Ip (a Baogly ° SohgSall Je Jos Jo Bagsod inaldy lil os pslv chal oa Y sit jpacily JSIall J lll pabll yl Gab Juels bs pal sins Jats (Gaal §) EsLaLI Uarilly hall th 2 5 How would you expest the following in Arabic? In some cases you wil ee Jus and in others L.A) nil determine which is eortet for eich context nd transla 41k wo travel because traveling i grest. Tm traveling to Pats today! 2. Were studying Asabic, and we lik sadping Arabic. 3. My brothe isin school now; he's working 4. Getting a job ie hard these days 5. I sometimes stdy at home, bt studying at the Wary is best. (6, My father doesnt ke writing email eters. 7. When ae you all gadating? 8, She snot speaking with her mother 9. Dosit you lik watching movies? 10, My fiends are taveling to Europe this wee 11 Why ate you all eating?(Goad §) 4458 Glayde go Bye salen 8 Gypas “This exces puey mechanical one whote im sto lp you develop af fi the 20 pater Togetthe most benefit out, practic saying the word you see ad the new words you wit out ood ach column inthe chart below epesens aya patern. Underneath it, yousee sof fami word echo which can be madi.» ofthe form given. Fad the tin ech ‘word then put itinto the patient form new soles FormV J243} = Form MN aleti Form I ust} (Beall 3) Srblgglly prob :t> Ga pas ‘With apace, ead the following text and fnd ot which people match you intrest. ‘Then find «new partes and compate notes. After you fis, see how many new word you «an ind that ou think aesLa, vowel them, and you know guess whatthey mean.or sre eo LUD per Fe entre ae eee AP Ow ee Fre Cae RC en ee ere to Pe Pere LT oa Coen ene ni neo x Lesson 6 99Bye AIS, tyes ld why? hed Because 7 “inorder to, for the purpase of a “because of sae For the fst time we will begin to work with complex sentences that sentences that ‘contain mote than one cause. As we move beyond simple sentence pattezns it will become increasingly important for you to think grammatically about sentence constuction. The structures of Arabic sentences age ety to understand and produce if you le to think according oa step-by-step constuction proces in which each component of te sentence tells you what kind of grammatical stracsute comes next. Tis information willbe given to youn the vocabulary lists and grammar sections of each chapter as we proceed rough the ‘book. For example in this chapter you sev: (as) lar +) SY This information reminds you that the very next element in any sentence with (Y must be a noun heading a sentence and ‘cannot be a verb—we cannot sayin formal Arabic, for example, yl GV. ‘You have seen thee ways to answer the question I, why2, of give information about reasons or purposes and we will present the rues for their usage one at a time blow: While the meanings of these patties ae simi, ther grammatical usages are quite distinc, and ‘vo of them have limited uses. Memorize the way in which each word ot pace is wed grammatically in addition tots dictionary meaning () because dau! ar + {Y.1 “The most widely used consrtion forgiving a reason i $1 because itt ued in bth {formal andpoken Arabic and because it inoduces complete sentece (The ots posible constructions and aa mote imited in grammatical context and meaning! ( may be ‘edo ge any kindof sentence length explanation such as “because the wetter cold” ot "becase she ick” Tn formal Arnbi, [9 has one had and str: Ie mut be followed by & au ae, Ta the frsterample below the enence ad gel has clea ix and sbeSdl g ayb Lyd god SY “sBIKS” God Y Tn the next sentence, sis the pronoua on because she is sick dds yo LY g guafil Lin AUS JI Laas Y vrTa ail ifthe at dee that follows begins wth» pronoun, pronoun mast be atached to, ais inthe immeintely preceding example The se pronouns that faction asthe object ofa ve ate attached 1055, ‘ecause Because yr because het. ‘couse you ‘Because they. in order to ¢ Lab! / abl +J.¥ “he pace J awodaces reson o pupor fo doing someting ad conespon to the Engl is alr wo fr tr perp tas Contcton, J maybe flowed ces by alert Lal ad Bot controns ge the sme bsc mening but cll nde Tobe bit move formalin se ha. The folowing pais of example euventin meng wos de dae!) yosl est ISA Jo Ugacll yysl Igeptd ASI JL Ogioin = daly A Ul Ggeig lelSI! Ladoad Pod JI goin = OblSII Bod iPod JI (J) gatas Novice in he peeing examples tat thea on hasbeen topped ine wns Jgand sd il Tira apleswheneve is pete» word begining wih J PSL PHL Ba eat Decause of gu! + Casa) ‘The word (preposition 4 and noun rao) has restricted usage because it an ‘aly be used asthe fst part of an JBL] and eannot be followed bya seatese. Explanations with “- are shor and to the point: Because ofthe overcrowding tel sd Gold 50 ofthe Beau weather | Jearlgedl oe Gall co “Dont a oer wah tne a Pha thew al Aap an dow Ba?“] G) (edt B) Gass ‘This exerci is arable online only (Goad dig Cael §) S131 317 Gye ‘What would oul to doand why? Oa five a5 card or ip of pape, tee diferent things you wou ke odo that oa can expres in tabi and wy you wou lik to do them Becetive and we altheconstrucons we kav red to anwet SU, ing them with oo to case In las re everyone mix al the crs ina ba fom which each pron wil rw couone at ine. Fd he atborof exch wish by aking Sn ‘Dyer ac 2a ou have found the person who wrote the ad. ¥ bel Bll (Gea §) “Og,” AT anes ‘The BBC Abie eve mpl nineties, The lowing is nn fom the ese 0 git td young women nthe Ab won, Ue pod nadag ttaogs oes chs youcan wet ase 1. Fst reading Scan the text. How is the text arsanged? What helps you diide tp into pats for closer reading? 2 Second reading: Focus onthe words you know ‘a. What do we know about he? ', What ate the important things ines ie? 3. Third reading: Clone read the tex. ‘a How many joLas can you identify? ' How many dual words can you find? Whese does she talk bout the future? What docs she hope for the fatto 4. List any words you have guessed from contental or grammatical ues ole Ay Joneaszon 6 o> FN emer el ple ne GENE Lat as gad ol le oe al ay ab ess ole on Soe ga pole sgh “team galas haedoled : ‘oe ea ile asian or a pal ahah lps oa glee a s ia Gago iy Ay ly neue does 2h gall ge Joel Sl 3 US zo eis ctila Seb MN] gtr g dtd tan ot pinto gia cia lal dp Uli lea Bai gr Gad pris Cath ie ay se aay ho ae Ba a oF ps bly Oe aS or BM Se big IS eal I al el ny gs ‘nep/ ewbccouk/i/zaie See BI ss Jags wyBylaw AS) aye Q) slgedt Blitly aa 1 contents such aan interview, when one pty i expected to make an of but dost ot want odo oon the spot, he oe ca an > lc hi ail vr ot wel a ‘oncommital but ple good wish The phate go alc expec a wish dat things go ‘rll without promking anything specific Tecan al be wed to wish people hack a _—=h65_rstst—iéis—CO reaches Ha youve wed naan ced pono hit co employe ‘bapofanoal comer “Sab G sets pole ay” / “TSdy Lied dy Gt” ME Gao Q (ew! gd {stn to he dalogue using the aatagies | Usten tothe dialogue using the aatepes you nave earnes,ané answer gyal | you have learned, and answer qa a8 Ecmpletly zy con, Eempletely a= you can. {rats the station? 1. Whats the stuaton? fle 53 2. What experience and skis 2. What experience and skits does gb menton? dows gts mention? yal pal a Jes Sols af SOUS 98 4. Doyouthink Sb walt sueceed? 4) | 3 Doyouthink LE wil sucoed? 4. Hon many past tense vars canyou | 4. How many pst ens verbs car youbear? hear? Write them down When do ey | Writthem down, When do they we tse the past tense? the past tense? 5. Write wo new words or expressions | 5, Wet wo new words orexpresions Youshesrd and what you think they mean. | youheerd and what you think thy mean. Seeifyou can find the word for sslary” | Seeilyoucan ind the word for slary.deel Al Qajled OD (al g) 82,1 LSI ys be 10 Gps “This extant ie oay. () (Cag 8) ods fia 317 92-05 “his exci is aaa ane oa QD (deat § of cant g) aged! Bel, WV Gane Read the falling passge fst seni for comprehension, then dod to practice promuncation. When you ate ready, record the passage and submit to your teacher, either online o as instructed by your teacher Ya gISh lle ty ds 3k0 ld gyae Sith o6l tly gag pale datal gad le orgy oly Gels yaaa ol Hg gus dag ro Sed Lug le 3 sayy dane p5: JS ego Aad 585 QA 55 il Ub LAU yo Lid Bioly al ly Sagal Sy Et te TE po lh Jal gall cs pgs gall elgd § gales il Sualte Gol Si Ble Gol GW den VE guns I Ste ene kage Ge US 55 ge ply dastlan § 2b Cl sbt BT Lal olyThe Superative Jl Fronted Predicate il alsa lanl Ui aly el eo baa 1p lal po la bse LITA! gal Beeld oult| | Q Vocabulary csla5ab1 Listen tothe new vocabulary ia your spoken vasery and informal Arabic, 7 all] spall] oll all frst adj) (SiS (Cain) bt seam a oe craay ales ¢ Sigind accident Sage ge ‘saddening, distressing! Epa foreign afars (God rest her soul Ufoture tease pref? hespitet| preparatory school, referring to mide school or junior high choot ieneral, public tole economies, economy the biggest or oldest he ded ou ey she died oh ea money os eee theres oe a sinistry Notes on Vocabulary Usage 1. The words Je aj desesbe someting tht makes you sad or upset. Informal Arabic you might be 8/2: Beeuse of something hats 35, andin spoken Arabieyoue SNe5 because of something that 2. Notice thatthe formal wordis an adjecove, whereas spoken ‘Arabic uses a Faem II vesb to convey the meaning: i makes on 5/:e Ts common in spoken Arabic for verbs toe wed to descbe feelings. English speakers use “sa” to describe leboth a pesson with the feling of sadness (ad child) and a stustion of hing that males dhe pesson sad (ad news), bu in Asabi these meanings ae conveyed by differ pater. The state of "being sa/happy/hungry.” etc, coresponds to the use of a Form I veb, and he idea of “making comeone)sad/happy/hunge” etc, corresponds tothe use ofa Form Il verb. 2. The fotre tense is indicated bya prefs ong Lab: 43. The adjective fetes o things inthe public sects, such a public administration Hla il | public service flail Jas! | dalall ALi isso, bowees wed eft wat we nthe Unie Siecle oo” Q) afl G) Bagdad! Siaydbld Gaps Practice using the new vocabulary by writing the corset formal word in the cortet form to complete the sentences BS Clady CS ly ian BnS Ss dypi95 digas g.) G asl dsl all UgalSa) ulbge 5 4S SI Byhy day Sl § 253,08) embasies SMAI agi lie dial oda Ob lew Gosg wooly WSs Masgboy9 Bj), Egualy qlly o92 Eguel pL WI oie g yabbll ¢ 5 Gey glans Y Babs § oLll Go Sy « daky gust Le 0 4S SI dele § (G44) Eeadd § Ib Uy Gad youl 1 Gulag dzyg6Il Labor Jas! bye gully Cas6 g 10 8 aS GB dasd yee dnb HF dy Spl by oloa Gb gag din VY oyae 51g OL Aayte § Alb ag c dayde Aargpal § US WS JBg Clg V> Sie a g5I ws Bis de Gaz BV call G bine (Say gle Q) deg G Olasdbl yas B13" LI “UsP be dal IS IgeSly loydbl Jar dl Igeatal (Gaal! §) Sei ifbol F503 ‘A Find ou from and tke bi notes to report 1 What ate they going odo this week? 2 Who ca ed this yea? 5. Who was in caracideat thi yer? Whese? is it big one? 4. How the US economy (doing aw as ft as they ate concerned? 5. Who woud ket wok forthe Sate Department? Why? 6. Whois freshman hint: what yer of elles)? 7. Who bas been in the hoept? How many days ox wecks wete they there? 8. Who ha lived in the same house ace choo? 9. What cay tings hve they done inthe i> 10, Do they got the public Hoary in thei hometown? 'B, With s pare, Ist in Arabic th fll ames of all the schools where each af you bas stdied. Think about hove you would order che ouns and adjecsves. ©) date agit dS International Baccalaureate, High School Diploma Azab counties Zt) il refers to both the last yea of high school and the set of examinations stadents tke atthe end of cat yet. The exams ae cumulative, covering all subjects studied throughout high school, nd stadens scores an these exams determine whether or not they wil graduate and in what college they may ensoll Cutoff soos ate very high for entering medicine, engineering and the sciences in genecl, Students face vemendous pressuse to perform well on these exams, and this pressure en affect the enie fly. Watch the interviews in Sl), dla Zl ce "to her people dese how these exams affect fal ie wadolly Lai! () (Cap B) “past bP? 7 “oly 4ST uP nto ale. us nto, estrtegiesyou | Li using the strategies have learned. Writ paragraph foreach] you ave earned Wri a paragraph question for each question, Sete Sat aN he § ign 4 Salli Sb Jez ay $e Se> Ua an he ae Sed os} al Soeie nt os Gi ty dn 1 Bly Salle be gan Sat gla a go Sle ae F Fe) Gb A Q) (asl BD “ese Go Cigale” J “Egpdl ya Che" 20 aps S..L—rrr—_TlCf doyou tlk hei fs ne nan? Wah pcs cetes ee icho eat tga scan dee ino doa slit! ‘The Superlative Jif "You have learned two words that have superlative meaning: (J.ci) ju! and (1s) SI [Notice hat these words shares ptten: The words ae two eplables, ich wid tla vowels, the Sst lable bepias with if The shape aa ame ofthis pattern is J. Thete words ‘an fancion acer comparative ajecives or supe, ech of which has a diferent ‘eammatical constuction. Here we wl focus on ther wea upedatives Supedatives may be formed fiom simple adjectives ike Cae, sS, 5 and 3 by sing the root of the adjective: Extract the oot and inset it into the aterm Ji] -Gexmsmatcally, you may ue any Jl word with following 3p indefinite noun fo give the supedaive meaning sbaysl g aly Remember ‘Toi the wupedatve meting wean indefinite noun following the i wd Fo lung) Sell Ayaally deale gol yo le©) (Cast g) “Usd pas ‘This exercise is svaable online only. (aad §) “Usd? 2V ipo ‘With a partes, come up with it of “top ten” categories to poll yours shout, wing 45 many different Jot! words as you can. Some examples might incu best lm, biggest resturant, and hardest dy off) the weele Then oll as many people as you can he time slloted and seport back othe css. Fronted Predicate pM) ji) :4au'Ih Used Expressing possessive and “thereis/there are” rypes of sentences in Arabic rot dificl. ‘You have been doing so since Af Bas with gace and 43 / 43, In this section we wil fst, present an overview of possessive sentences, then show you the grammatical sructare of these kinds of sentences, which ate considered to be dys. Jap in Arabic grammar ‘You hive seen both and 12 used to indicate possession, a in Ab youl IE YY Syur tle gue ‘These words ovedap somewhat in meaning bt ends to be mote formal and abst than 5, and itis wed in eases where the posession i Gigi, a inhuman reatonshs, cor toindcate figuative belonging, Teisimporant to hep in mind that J is only wed for human possessor When you ate describing what a place (uch as “my hous”) oe an abstact entity (uch as “ny fly’ oe an instntion (uch a “ou univetsiy”) bar, you should use ly 86 wilds ee or Sealed eilgg Oy OSE ly Gna or gg Gly SW Fad ans Bill OW G Sgaadie Bisbal pts Laud g 1 the eaizesentence i vey abstr, maybe uted but ot: wash G16 ly dab ode or wkegh ysl Ayabl ol) Leo alLesson ye)? Like 4s, soften used with pronoun objets. Listen to and lean the pronunciation of J with pronouns in the variety of Asse your asi using, and leaen to reocgpize the formal set QO l« i (op od a “These prepontons ate wd to expres “to hve” which i web cotept in agli, but they ae ao themeler vei The preposons 2 and J re not vibe bt prepostont tod thes fncton efferent in sentences than the way we ae “to hae” which ver Eaglsh Whe the Englsh verb gets sj (have she hs), the Asc prepositions acct in prepostional phrses wih pronouns a yoo saw above ot with nouns The sentence a Thich they oi nd of ua lay in which the onder of ll and x i reves “Toundestand how dis dof sentence wots thnk of rammatial anaton for oof the onl examples ren abore ‘Atmeisanew car. ae gue Belagig lee oan aad pt el ae g Hers cannotoceu a the begonng ofthe sentence because an Anbic sentence may sot gin with nindefateaoun, For he eon the prepostional phase jmp in font of iz wo the onder of Lis. and istered “The reversed dea lagi wed to express postion and the exert construction therein there are ics | 48/4, These entence begin with ax hat uray consi of & prepostional phrase or the word dia ther, ae the following examples monet: ‘There are many people on this street. SoS oth Elia § There is only one daughter/girt in our Family. There are many Egyptians in he Emirates. | Ly) Gass ivy Se rsJn spolen Arabic such sentences are often preceded by a sentence topic, but the basic reversed {n! iar remains its core. Compate the following sentences with the formal ones just above: BONG Sb gly Tb ad Gow Stel 4 ee ge Belg Ca ad OMG Scan 8 ALY aS caine 43 “The import hing to remember when resin hese kinds of sentences ht you eed tof the break bereen Lil and 5 becaee thi is where the meating "tere i” ot “ihe ar” fit he sentence Ia Engh, this brea is ety mathe by the vec ob” ‘butin Ambicitis nt Which pat ofthe sentence i=l (what the eee about)? Which partis, and wha sit spingsbout iL The following diagrams show tegmental structure of reversed. ae, Seay the examples i buelscuy Dodd ML fag yy sou sin Tae aa jaa OL G aS ape OM Sige ob face ag jae sa “These extent sentences maybe nested with the verb Jn forma Abi with ‘henepaie pails /Leimpolen Ariz. Choose one vant len ad be abet sscognie the others all | gral all] alll there ie at aan wu] aad heel dose nat ha Fait layse| Wabisb| Wis! Shelhelh doesncthawlabsrecl | iduradu) Waidul oa. veressan 7 yey? ital Lal ad Ue go tat ea a a 2ayMa 13 id a oa i jue aia gue geod TBA dpa Sal | ih Lain gh Gyo Bal TEN oa pal Oph a yal febltolte These nl Jar maybe putin the pst with I or egave pat 85 Le St Tn this Kind of sentence 1 oceusa the begining ofthe sentence, nis not cong’ af2ie te gle yup thew gare OS | oN dle gute gad OSs Ue gute IS ei pad IT cn tulle dha IG Seay (Ul f daa sacl Si 5 Ja Heol ol aS eel SY Wenge it youmenoszes model sence foreach ten ther thant to emember these eles A these ine tt goodies when yo ae send ost lyin of xe serencs vo tht you remember fo Menthe lial ple of eve “abe GD) (ol g) Shas Gal ch apes “Thistle ole ony (Cal) Ap adl da I Ngee 8 Gaye Remember tous li) to describe places and Jor se for people. 1. There are no students of Arab descent in our clas. 2, Thankful, there was no tfc (overcrowding) in the streets 3. Thad no time for studying and now Ihave big extn! 4. This area does not have many estaurans 5. They have ao money becaute hey are college students 6. Inhis childhood, Beirut dd not have McDonald retausnts, and now it ha seven 7. Last week we had los of homework. 8. They had two sons and three daughters, but the oldest soa ded 9. She dda have office hours yesterday so she waa her office 10, Last Thursday, we had a eazy day at work "Theron aly en ht ot shen any hp nga ae ad om ‘yates no ore he es dor at tag ahi het Megan eo ih tg he some aa wine he pst ht hy pce andy der ge wih ay pee Pa of hegeet eeees (Call §) AU! ge pao 2& teow Load 21+ Go ped ‘What do oa thee people nd places not are? Wei oe your asters in il sentences, sing the waten form. dacadl pg, Olpales gous gud pang MAI JL eral lia .1 wey IBarols iI gush bio Be 18 ab L” 0 galt deal obo Aa all A (Boalt §) dau dead 3) gape Tenia Lil in the following sectences by sngle-undeining Li! md doube- andetining zl (noc incerrogate pail, acectves and adver): pol Opole nas 1 350 g Gabgll US pall ode gy 1b gb BgS AS yal gus cite ahs 7 SeleNI pgp Glecal dass Jat A,Sp Anale YO lus, yan g.0 sOgdabulis Jy) Bast Wd Jia 3. dabill ole g dyke Chitin dhe S Ute egle g.A BgS Shiga lease .\- tury a ——=—_ELesson 72 ULSI (Coll G) Haul daadly chipte Go HLS bLE AY Gaped ‘Wit paragraph of atleast fifty words describing what your Zi. has offer, using lb snd a.) dae with feomted 2 (reall Lait ©) (ean g) “paust Ui AY Ga pes Wach cooly Zl and anor the qutons below. The diction excise can be completed inthe bok or onine 4. Listen tell i story mail. lin the char with information about the people he tall about —— (approximate) yas sat | eu 2 Analyze the word onder of cach sentence J say, a determine whether itis dpaal Uae led dae fronted yi dal ilar {Ugh Lely J gmat 3 gly o Ory () gat 8 o « aun ay. 0 “ (0) G ab uote: anu. 09 veo+ 09) (06) Gab ass on (00) sl pall ses i) o ny) re) i) (YE) Lxe am am ms (ry at gay v9) yes on) bel (Gell 3) pal V8 gape “The following texts taken from the obituary pages of the Fayptan newspaper Al Aram [Before you read the passage, brainstorm with a partner: What kinds of information do you ‘expect to find? When you have some ideas, skim ave the text and identify ite par 4. Sean: How is the text organized? What kinds of information does it provide about the ceased? Check all the pats you are able to identify. Afe you Bnishing scanning shaze what you found with your pater and develop a reading plan fr phase two. 2. Read: Follow your plan to find mote information inthe text. Use your grammatical skills to seeif you can deni the folowing words: deceased daughter (Goma word wen ewrpapes) ser (Wile. canbe hes locals, i word spec lest) 83. What information ca you find about the funeral? 4. Analyze: Go through the text agtn and examine the use of s, One of the moet important functions of ¢ i to signal punctuation. 5 is used instead of a comma to list things, instead ‘of a semicolon for listing phrases and instead of a peiod to mark the beginning of a new sentence. Look fortwo of these functions of inthe text and practice skimming through ‘each section 5 reLesson 7 DB ota em De By cd Deis IS. lin aptly CAS bi Sl eS Sy by Kah CIS y Gy ELM Rass fant SM, Wye Ske sal 589 ge Bs giles Salgge gag Hh Gt Ce Bally al ae taal stly Oe se ally Obs see Ady Ul Be Gee ype Edy al al Ss Che pSas ple aemey ata gies Say Cae hy oe Cues Bs oo Lily 2 eeay Ssily Jada 6 Chee sepa Aaaig beds Akay Aly Sal gly poe tle Sess ese scm gels Py il te yan Ela Maal seis ped ae Spl ae g thts Sly ey Hay Slag ey SS eal age g pels ey capes 2 elas oly Sal py Si cats spay Sa 2h Se aly pal gt 4 al a tas pty rea alee aD Al py ‘ata gait Metal des ad mae ein, et Hao oe ae Ye ayaa Sal gf ae ep pS Sha A lhe pe presente del yarns) say FE ee pe pean sd) Sie BAN oases good 5Slyy pA de Ae Sl 5S aed pied Bay Spee SENT pm pm en Bl a as. Sn Sandy pas So yoe UO BS pd goad gd LM pm pe Say pl om AS HN aS As Mal pf pen sn tal SEAM pp pl ge SMy Gel ja ad Sp ge, ste BNI tke pa Sal gl ak ae al gua Errer oy Gee Sel AS ly ed oe Hed gael Soap Se yl gine ply nh asBSly cules) oleae unt Amigo lita sal pede Bal, Mal gh she gpa ally 8 im AB Rly he Sy go Daoenenamereneeenncsennincneconnccieame “* lense Bc Attell go 1g low) OD (eal g) “ee Ass @2" 80 ype ply Ignasal ‘Watch the video “lys Us} 0” and write a dljgl az for each of the fist two questions. 2 Lally Alay Qadl FylS Ge) FBUL Sys dito ye Ua Aye Gd ASF 3. You her the speaker we anew word to decrbe .denif the oo, and with word (Hine [dentiying the root before you wit wll help you hea the word better} Before you Took it up in the glossary, think: What meaning am I expecting? Jlgeul Bad News! :A8AiIy dal ‘When someon looks or sounds 3} or sys det or inde that something bad has happened, the appropriate response isthe question: for Fal elo) 2, menting I bps pod nano a Alf Baa you learned thatthe expression a3 is often said pon heating ‘ery bad gews. A similar expression s used in both formal and spoken Arabic:

OD (deat gh call B) ae 56h INNA Gop ed Read he folloing text, fst senl fos comprehension, then practic reading dow When youate ready, rear yousc reading it aloud and submit for your teachers feedback ether, cline os intructed by your tact, Wise ts) a BiB slam pss Car chang beaker 2b Obl gs Rigdol § 4) Sg ag Gp! fas ee lame yupsd CALS Ca deal go US cApBLad ny Ue an gS dale fll go GS Y lye OW ade ye GY (eo gs pls ta pass. le has AS Gyat V YSN dab Blas bo a) Sell a My J gatas be oy Lacainte Bed Libbge UM yg ahaty ae Ja laully SLBLe Williaa yy aly desig ASL) lel Byp350 poe deoghl dgde 0 lyall 28 pine tase ped ae” ah st Lag a dap tate a8 gs Seis IS lyol ©) Sogtads 1B 18 go pes ‘This exercises avalable online only poerenerenenaetntnmer em