ACADEMIC

LECTURE. You are going to hear a lecturer talking about Freud's theories.
Read the questions below carefully. Then listen and answer questions 1–10.

Complete the summary below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
The theory of the unconscious
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) treated (1) …………………………… by analysing the complex
operations of the mind.
He started to write down (2) …………………………… since he thought they could help understand
the unconscious. The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) (3) …………………………… famous.
Here, he stated that dreams and all instinctive thoughts take form in (4) ……………………………. .
In this, our (5) …………………………… and our implicit knowledge are contained.

Choose the correct letter A, B or C.
6 The id
A is where the instinctive drives are.
B is entirely conscious.
C is rational and reality-oriented.

7 The ego
A acts to form the ideal self.
B represents rationality and good sense.
C is the primitive part of our personality.

8 The superego
A is organised, rational and reality-oriented.
B includes the sexual instinct and guilt.
C is concerned with social rules and morals.

Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
The origin of psychic conflicts: (9) …………………………… in childhood.
The objects of desire in boys and girls between the ages of three and five: (10)
…………………………… .

Use the picture of the iceberg to explain Freud’s theory of the unconscious and the features of
the id, ego and superego.

Read about Freud’s influence on modern writers and answer the questions.
1 What was modern literature affected by?
2 What did modern writers focus on?
3 Who was influenced by Freud’s theory of the Oedipus complex?
4 Why did writers like Joyce and Woolf look for new techniques?