ulae_of the Chapter 1, Quantisation of electric charge, 2. Coulomb's law, qzne, 1 ti net Gee 3. Principle of superposition of electric forces, R= Fy + Ast Ag t+ Ay 24 FP +2FF, cos8 i R TAhh ees. 4, Electric field, E = 5. Electric field of a point charge, aug 3 6. Dipole moment, p= 4x 2a; where 2a is the distance between the two charges. 7. Dipole field at an axial point at distance r from the centre of the dipole is i Frey Easel = When r>>a, Bia gee OP 5 Dipole field at an equatorial point at distance r from the centre of the dipole is Sg ar” When r>>a, Raa e on a dipol pE sin 0, where 0 is the angle between pt and E Electric flux throug) a plane surface area S, 3 = EScos 0 ‘APTER 4 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS where 0 is the angle which the outward drawn normal to surface area $ makes with the field E. 11, According to Gauss’s theorem, the total electric flux through a closed surface $ enclosing charge q is sasha ‘ gee 722 ox a ‘Area ¥ 13, Electric field of a long straight wire at distance r, N" a a E= neg? A, Electric field of an infinite plane sheet of charge density 0, =a 15. Electric field of a thin spherical shell of charge density o and radius R, 1 E : Outside points ane : E=0 Aside p <5 gece (atthe surface 4ney’ R? re Here q=4n R?o. 16. Electric field of a solid sphere of uniform charge density p and radius R,MOVE FASE WHITH PHYSICS. ormulae of the Chapter Work done Potential difference Charge or vv 4 Electric potential due to a point charge q at distance r from it, tric potential at a point due to N point charges ug ee kG trey {. Blectric potential ata point due toa dipole, pcos 0 5. Relation between electric field and electric potential, aes ir 6. Electric potential energy of a system of two point charges, Ey Tz 7. Electric potential energy of a system of N point charges, sel 1% © Figg all ies 8. Potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field, Ifinitially the dipote is perpendicular to the field E, 6, =90° and 0 =0 (say), then U=-pE cs 0=-p.E Charge 9: Caparitande = hore spacitance = Potential difference 4 or a Capacitance of a sph pnuluictor of eadius, CaAnty R Capacitance of a parallel pl ont Equivalent cap. combination, Equivalent capacitance of a combination, Cee Gray Energy stored in a capacitor, parallel u-lev? 2 =} fal apc-cae Energy stored per unit volume or the energy density of the electric field of a capacitor jeld between capacitor plates, = Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant x, KA d C=KG Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab of thickness f (< d)in between its plates, a-1( 1-2) Capacitance of a parallel plate eapacitor with a conducting slab of thickness # (< d) in between its plates, 4h at10. n 12. . Ohm's law, R= Electric current = Incase of an electron revolving in a circle of radius r with speed v, period of revolution is me Frequency of revolution, eek en) Mo or V=IR Current in terms of drift velocity (04) is Resistance of a uniform conductor, “aoe Resistivity or specific resistance, matte Conductance = R Conductivity z oe esitivity Current density = CHES or jest Area Relation between current density and electric field, een ESB Mobility, aed ‘Temperature coefficient of resistance, R, of anumber of given by The equivalent resistance resistances connected in serie R=R, +R, + Rit ‘The equivalent resistance R,, of anumber of resistances connected in parallel is given by Ave ne R, Ry 45, For two resistances in parallel, currents through the two resistors will be ree! RI 1 Ae Ry Re 16. EMF of acell, & and 117. Fora cell of internal resistance 1, the emis BaVeir=1(R+P) 418, Terminal p.d. of a cell, vamo® Rer 19. Terminal p.d. when a current is being drawn from the cell, 00. Terminal p.d. when the cell is being charged, ‘veer’ 21. Internal resistance of a cell, al 22. For mcells in series, # Re nr 23, For n cells in parallel, I ae mR+r 2a. Heat proce by electric current,” PRE H=FRtjoule=—— cal 418 or H=Vitjoule= VE cal 418 25, Bere poseer 2%. v2 po Vi=PR vit= PRE eee, W = 27. Kirchoft’s Laws of electrical networks + @ 1-0 or Total incoming current =Total outgoing current (function rule) (i) EE=EIR ‘ 2s, Potential gradient of the potentiometer wire, ey 1If X is the unknown resistance Erk 7 Q x P 32. In a slide wire bridge, if balance point i obtained at / cm from the zero end, then orfe" mmulae_ of the Chapter 1, Blot Savart Law, ape te Mise 4, Magnetic field due to a straight conductor of finite length, 0! Be a (sin ¥ sin) Hol B= 2r §, Magnetic field at an axial point of a circular loop, 2e+ey {Bodl=ngl. When Bis directed along tangent to every point on closed curve L, BL=nol 7, Magnetic field due to straight solenoid (i) Ata point well inside the solenoid, Beh nl (ji) At either end of the solenoid 1 Baa =3 Hom Here nis the number of tums per unit length 4. Magnetic field inside a toroidal solenoid, B Magnetic field is zero outside 9, Force ona chargeq moving with velocity @ ina magnetic field at an angle O with itis F=qoBsin® article, accelerated by a 1g Hl the toroid. For a charged p: cyclotron , _abr (i) Velocity, m (i) Period of revolution, 2m ap {ii Cyctotson frequency, we 2nm (iv) Maximum kinetic energy ae R nex Dm s the radius of the dees. where R 11, KEE gained by an electron when accelee Vv, rated through a potential difference vine fe m Vegi £m’ 2 412, Force ona current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, _PRMBSINO S Fay = BY inveetor form, F = 1(7* 8) 4a, Force between two parallel current: carrying wires : (i) Force per tnit length, Moh Pane Forcean enh fone of he wine Hoh Lt ner 14, Torque on a current loop in a magnetic field, where m= NIA = magnetic dipole moment of the current loop. In vector form, =n x B 15. Ina moving coil galvanometer,258 MOVE FAST WITH PHYSICS-xil For conversion of a galvanometer into an ammeter, the shunt resistance, 19. Resistance of an ammeter, - For conversion of a galvanometer into 2 voltmeter, the value of high series resistance, R=Y_R Here 1, = Ts & Resistance of a voltmeter, Ry = Ry + R1. Magnetic dipole moment, m=4,, » 21 2. Coulomb's law, F = tomy Sng 4n Pr 5. Magnetic field of a bar magnet of length 21 and dipole moment mat a distance rfrom its centre, " 2mr ( aaa =e ory the vial bine) (on the equatorial tine) For a short magnet, I Be = %0 Bins =“ Momentum delivered by an em. wave u poe c Intensity of a wave _ Energy /time _ Power Area" Area - ape F gy C=Eq Eras ©Fonugz of the Chapter 6 a For any spherical mirror, f = R/2 1 1.2, vf R Magnification produced by a spherical hy vf f-2 ou f-u f Speed of light in vacuum Speed of light in medium c or pet v Wavelength in vacuum _ Wavelength in medium Snell's law, 4, = S84 21 He sint % Hy Mirror formula, 2 + i mirror, m: Refractive index = or wy sinf=p, sin Principle of reversibility, "1, =z Hy 1 ayy gt He Lateral shift of a ray through a rectangular slab, Ty, x Aug Say =1 oF — sin(i-r) cos tint] 1-2 Geant __ Real depth t "= pparent depth Apparent depth “Apparent depth = : Apparent shift = ( 1 aa ) Total apparent shift for compound media (pale) Relation between wt and iy # For refraction through a spherical surface, from rarer to denser medium, Hy Wee 15. For refraction through a spherical surface, from denser to rarer medium, Hy He MiB vow = R lo. Power of a surface, Ha-Ha Fi paba—hi -B-" (For air R R a ) 17. Focal length of any lens is given by the 1 thin lens formula, = foo 21. For a combination of lenses, = Mh X hy hy Xn 20. For two lenses in contact, equivalent focal length F is given by hoe es 1o1 44 ot Power, P=7 +P, Fhh TT For n lenses in contact, aiiivi 1 etetinet Shh fs Power P=P,+P,+..+P, 23. The equivalent focal length f of two lenses separated by distance d is given by 1iji_id jt Shh or Power, P=, +P,-d.R.P, For refraction through a prism, A+b-ite and r+r=A In the condition of minimum deviation, Ass sin ie rae, 828,35 w=——h sin 4 Deviation produced by a prism of small angle, bau) AMOVE FAST WIN PHYSICS-NIL Angular dispersion By See Oty oA Dispersive power, @ Mean deviation, n Mean refractive index, yp = "YER \. Simple Microscope. () When the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision, the magnifying power is m=1+ D/ f (i) When the final image is formed at infinity, the magnifying power is D m=— 32. Compound microwave. (9. Magnifying power, m= m, x m, (i) When the final image is formed at the least distance of dis 34. (iH) When the final image is formed at infinity, m Yo --—. mh hh Astronomical telescope. (i) In normal adjustment, to Distance between objective and eyepiece shot he (ii) When the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision, mo A( +f) Distance between objective and eyepiece m= D Shem ht Reflecting telescope. m= A =k 7 2 focal length of concave mirror, focal length of eyepiece. where fyormulae of the MOVE FAST WITH PHYSICS. sy Chapter for reflection and refraction of light waves © _ Speed of light in vacrum © Speed of light in medium Speed of light in vacuum, ¢= yp A _ Wavelength in vacuum 2 Wavelength in medium Wavelength in medium, Optical path (in vacuum) hi Path in medium 7 Frequency of light remains unchanged For interference at Young’s double sli 10. during its reflection or refraction, Resultant amplitude, Weds 2+ 2a, acon Resultant intensity, I= 1, +1 +2 JI, I, cosg h=ly a When |, 1=2},(1+ 605 4) =4 fy cos? $ Fora bright fringe, path difference, p= nh For a dark fringe, pe ann, n=1,2,3, Distance of nth bright fringe from the centre of the sereen, Dh d n=1,2,3, Dh 2d Fringe width, p = 2* x, =(Qn-1) pd Wavelength of light used, = "7, Ratio of slit widths, Intensity at maxima, Iyax Intensity at minima, Jpn % (4 Intensity ratio at maxima and minima, I tah (ret Tin (ty @P (rd 1 amplitude ratio of a \h Where r two waves, For diffraction at a single slit : 21. Condition for nth minimum is n=12,3, dsin@=ni where Condition of nth secondary maximum is dsin 0 = a 2n +1), where m=1,2,3, M3 Angular position or direction of mth minimum, 24. Distance of m th minimum from the centre of the screen, nDd = d 25. Angular position of nth secondary maximum, a O,=Qn+1 Y, =@ 5. d 26. Distance of nth secondary maximum from the centre of the screen, Dh (=n + Ie % Ane DTT 27. Width of central maximum, By = 28. Angular spread of central maximum on either side, =: 29. Total angular spread of central maximum, 20-24 d e 20. Fresnel distance, Dy => 31. Size of Fresnel zone, d, = VAD. For resolving power of microscope and telescope: 32. Limit of resolution of a telescope, _ 122A do Dx. M. Resolving power of a telescope ee) © d0~ 1.222 where D = diameter of the objective lens. Limit of resolution of a microscope, a 2yr sin 0 a Resolving power of a microscope 12h a where 0 = half angle of cone of light from the point object. me ‘ WAPIER 10 WAVE OPTICS tion of light waves = For pola 36. Law of Malus, I = Jy cos? 0 37. Brewster law, wetani, 38. i =90° ip For Doppler effect of light” : 39, av_¥-3 665MOVE FAST WITH piyysicy il ormulae of the Chapter KE, of a-particle, K-12 1 222 a ee : k2e ras 9. KE. = 2. Distance of closest approach, 41. Total energy, . Impact parameter, 2 mk? Z2 ob ; Eo oe ne a Ze? cot a 2.1 2eot 12. E,=-K.E. or KE. K eae zm P.E.=-2 K.E.=2 £ 2 4 l= Qn mel 1 1 13. Prequenty, Ves a7 14. Wave number, 2 mkt where R= 2 TEE is Rydberg’s constant oF volt an 4 136 2? 15. Tonisation potential = - == 16. T, =Fe rmulae OF the C hapte, 1. Einstein ee eM eativateneg hae 2. Lamu =166 x 107g = 93) Mea "0. Radioactive 4 ii 31 Me decay law 3. Nuclear radius, R <1, ? R= Rava, @-N, where Ry =1.2 x 19-15 9 7. BE. =(Ami) 2 Jin =1487, 2 069: ie 8. BE/nucleon = B-E. : A or T, 1/2 = 0693 + ' 9. Displacement laws for Tadioactive trans. 14. Decay rate or activity of a substance : formations are as follows. aN t Rl NaN eanew () a-decay ; la of AX, Day, + tHe 15. Time required to reduce the radioactive . substance, pate Alene 1 = 2308 jg No 2x Ze + ete By (il) y-decay : 16, Decay constant, RY 11. Relations between @ and fi are a=-b. and pot L+p l-a 12. OR gate. It gives high output when cither of the inputs is high, otherwise it gives low output. Y=A+B 13. AND gate. It gives high output when both the inputs are high, otherwise the input is low. Y=A.B 14. NOT gate. It gives high output when the input is low, and vice versa. Y =A 45. NAND gate. It gives low output when both the inputs are high, otherwise the output is high. Y= A.B 16. NOR gate. It gives high output when both the inputs are low, otherwise the output is low. Y=A+B