30 Nov 22 Sequorn > Ly o, Mgrreasien formed loy . 1 Seayene re vale ok a kunehion wth aun An o set ol, natural Um bers | Theeekore the progeesion fii, fay... Vln)... bs an infsiatte Sequence ol, Numbers. Zs bln) & tte nh ex due Gerard) orm of the Sequence. ~ for Convenience we denote the i teem Kn) ky alm) & the eoliole sequence {0,4 fan} = Qs 495,02) An, . Ex) @ {n}<122000n,.. G) Wat = WT NENG... I. FETE Ley uch that De Qn=L a knihe Numb Hum we BAY that the Sequence converses te L, [AYA bee dja — apr innit Ok Sequence fant Ades nd erie G2 LW Wakahe {anf uy Called ax a Aiveegent Series . fay} O&cillabes ettely Lolo thy limits 4-1 Nin Caen | Gece e ny neeSled} ws 0 dNetgent sequence O,+ 0+, +... y called on inkuite Sestes amd U denoted lay 2 On. So we have Dom = 4, TOt Oh .., nc! 7 “Bechavious of ‘finite sees: ~ Let 20 be an Miinite Sebies Hen Moo Sequence. {ANF t RE. 4a, UU called sequence of posta) sums of tw series SQ, | ~ The caja So, ¥ said do he Convergent if Seqwenca (Shs convergent Ex) Condy the certs ait Soln:Vien Ss 4 N00 {Sn } & conveagent Homes te seties 5 $¥ & convergad ~ The Sarjes Sia, s said to be Divergent i) Me Sequence 4 Soy iy diverged: Ex: The cartes S y A=( Sot ltodea 4 = nlns) a \im S. = 00 NX TSo} a diverged —~. F'n iy diorgent Ex The Corte, 2S CAVE ood std- ald oi =e Spl eo S, does nob exiet LS Oy vw divetgont Nz\HeNote + The bohwiou sf an iujiuite conten SO, depends en the belhowioue Ok 8 Sequence {Sn = Att Ay + An Ob poet al wns Since, = On = boy. Q. MH Mn Sn a Hoan Sa, 2 and we hey tot S Say converges to A oe Ms kuin of tee eae Za.ul *k Greometeic Lexter! , Oo mr . —The seeies S ay™= a4 Att OSL... Wa Gromaterc net seetes wlth commen cako ‘C' \We have, Sn = A+ OFAC Lk ay Sn {SEP sae No 5 BEI7 NAS en Sn = ws 00 o + SRA Oea 4} B="! “2% 00 5; GK-| oe odd cose We geometric cories u Convergent fre |sl<1 Se NAVA and diveegert ire Melon, h _— -%, + => Conveegank qortes 3 & 2 att abt Stee. € a, =(24 34 +24 (& +e A | an S (gr gtd )enlge de ag) = af (se) “CSEn. Find te sur of telescoping sorter SGaH Gm) = tL - ni = (BeLaeshet (eee) 4 et © Min Sa =4 3s Sees compan and ib che Necenory condition foe Convesgonce. —~T, $0. Cenverges, dion lin GQ. =0 “Note 2 Ff Kin 0, 20 => soues a, & convert EX The an Vien =O > bout te cecion a diveegontt + Test) 2 Text aye Divergence nh Ving G, FO hun the cesion So u diverged &y & = m (itd) = “8 meu dromeKe Tat @: nlegeal Test Let fant be a sequence of poritive terms Suppose tcl On = por). whore 5 wa Combinuous , pouitive , decooximg function oy % VXEN, CN U a positive integee), Hon He Lertes S dn & the indegeal Aan Qn JS yoo both converge Ot both diverse, . See lle N Wy P-Series: = Aue bth gh tig PoP ptt Neer. Ua weal constant He conies Convergoa tt por & diverges PSI, 41-Dec-2022 Ht Peso: We will prove Let ay= y= blr) & pso Cleody , 5 = FF Ba continuous, positive ond oa decreasing function ob % NX>So, iwhegeah test i applicable , — aa Cade = aie de. iP = St \ “hes ae a ae Ten? TP ~ 1-P ~ (or pe 0 fn ale | ymax = Jha = Ynal> = Intay- Katey — ~ th Pri, Plo SS linn Tp = lien | “TF n-3e0 No} I-p Tat cd = Ley (nr. ») = lke (se -!) I-P n-300a > INES ole : & &® WMO =e - The af Sour | p ie] tthe valve te | i > co sanaga to e@ to Th psi > P-l | no Te aah = osx |” ne 1 = Fari'(o0)- tant) = rT 2 Y& = | & th & not The sum Son Ob tre Sesion, ORS Comverse lot coe dout knows due valle it converges to«x Tet @): Compaxieon Test Let Fa, Sc, Sd. be series with ren n=f net net Negative beens . Suppose Mot re Serme Iwdleges Ni da SOn< Cy mont fo) “FL zo converges, then Sn also converges Mee) Th Edy diverges Haan E.On abso diverges, Ey OS 25 \ wh teen « — rd sn-\ No Ye Nson-t S$ a i n< n= Ye The Seeles SS te divergent becouse ner Sa-l © Zt WS Dvetgent tharmonic exter. nosfs ® Zar 2 Baie Corsidee Ha series, 4B stdin pt ite. — The teem ob series Ze Oke all positive and) coe sy He cag tn Sentes ~The serie 14 an is a peomettic Series As n=O Converges to value 2 | 0 \s5 S cltt <3 Ze i] ~— 3 & an uppee bound yor Hux conics A, i does not mean tie Seeies converges to 32 Dec-2L Ex@: S+ZtLate te oy OWT &AN2 ! ae gi ’ a, cA ae ih > Spee OPV ON BF Sen >D = A Fe OP oo \ p Serle =~ ® a GP ,\ en 252 aie converges Sb smaller en olsp conveeges. 5 let ®: Litt Cernparisen “Text : Suppose thak Gy >0 and b,>O AbD =N (Nvinteger ) (> Ty | ae = C>0 then SA, & Sb. beth az Conveepes ee both diverges Gi) aps Ven e =o KSb, Convesges then S_An_ConvesgeodOTK pia = As Bion diverge tan Sa, divexges CQ) Which & tle fpllaning UUs Convergence divages @M 24847494. 2 Sot 4 g 16 os not Cnaty> Ea cf 20+) Zz reson == Vet 0, = 2) m4 ont \le choose boy = + lim Qo = Qin ten nmr Dh noe wraonsl = lim OF Vey cn n-320 Goat. Nn y =2>0 “Sib, = S 1 & a divergent Moemenic series lim Go = bs n=” by = 250 2 Sa, ad > n+) rn divergent - nie an+ |ar in fl Ms i pales aT WI \ Q rt =P On 5 We Choose. b. ie v licen Oa = lin 2 N30 by N30 oN { = Nin \ 5 Y)-500 - Vy 200 | a =i >0 Also, 'b, converges “On converges by Uieit comparisen text @ 149m 4 ales a MHedny 9S sadn ee oD 3 QI 1 HS = > a= lenhi) We We choose De = tL 9 Liem On = lism N+ mda n 20 by, n>00 Wee = Lim Vay + &n(ny n30 ae = 00 & byw divest Ico An te divesgeus ourantc SP<7 Tat ©) o Kotioc Teast. Lek Sdn he O Seeies with positive teams & Gon |=|f] wwffose ate aS Then , (ay The Ceries converges th fxd CD The secies Aiverges if PS4. ot inkuite. Cc) The tet inconclusive 4 Pea Es: Tawestigate The convergence oly Te following. Reefer (a) oa as —— a = Ses i <1 2 nti One 2 +5 ye atl ant Vien Soe = (2a +s ) . Pa aH lin D o+¢ * Dis (Se a ae ane) zl dim Buty ZB n4=0 asFos sum o} sede, oe = 5, (%+ Aus (3s n=0 mt s(¢y) a+¢(2) 1) Sm () n\ ni = a, = £2)! mn Our, = +)! Cord] OD ir Ons = Virg Csr] y _ D1 MI n30 ~ @ noo oN a NN rT =I iro Qnr0) (oni) wry PSi8 or MH Yar (nny or “Car= Lim Dla (ont) noe ine) = qirgy 20+ Yo) \+y, wm ft Bsa dg (©) S Hin ani nt oa “Cay Onn, = nH (ty! Come)! Vien Oe oh 0M nam Ge lin Coe Ge} yy Cord Cone)! un n1 n} clin A OOM Cor n300 Pane Gene) par a Wr oh a aa Bord lo Ae, Cnn ener = 2bim Cho) no (24%) | a My S41 =S Sein & inconclusiveG-Dec- 2 # Tat » Root test /Coucy's vi rot teat Lad Fa. be O sarier with Qa, 20 Ir NEN and nips Met ome fo Yin. (asthy n300 Thon, (a) Converge ih P24 (by diverges ik P>4 ec mbjinite CC) test UW inconclusive i, P= A * Note: The fpllowing 6 Sequences Converse 10 dhe limit sted below: © |in, Sno) = 0 ® lin ih =1 . \ @ a, 0 = 4.5250 @ lim XL =0 5 ale N30 © fig, Oa) = CF yr oy x 300 n © Mn, = 0 5 Yor ony xEy: Whick oy Ag plowing Sexier Converge & which diverge, co Q) af Oy L => a:-t) = (ss) = G5) RGR rer Made tee =O <4 . = (an) Conese. Ex: Consider Hu ceries | fay Q,= See nN odd " Does > a, Converge Y Mm 1 hes even a [a - ee nN ewen $< Vas In 2 Vere Sandwich theover, Viwn Ws n-00 2. Nien AG, = - Sexi \ Gai 5, Sede Convesges by esos dest 1-200ke Tet @: Raobe's test - Ee See Let Son be 0 eal ceries of tre teems or a complex series then tet Livy "|| 4]= L 7 Hnen the sesies Sq, x a) convergent ih L> 4 CS) divergent i, L<4 Cit) conclusive ik L= 4 . A —x: > a One , On, = ee ——) ne Ons cn BLS Sot): teh al] . e. it = Vie on} wtenti=w n>0 Wt ON | = lin nf zee! nae TO =2 >4 Ss ad > Converger.rl 0 => 0,5 2 ony = 2 @-1)t nN) Ones = ZO Gi} Om a * 2 = 20, (')) Zz NU)! = ZZ ” Avo, Seas com>: By rsaxtio test See Y Cony dos all 2. me! * “Test © : Logonitthrnic Teh Let Sa, be a Sexies ok positive teams sma a) Je Then, G Series Converge ih Let Qh) Series diverges ib L<4 CW) conclusive th Led.\4-Dec- 22 9 Determine ane Convergent Or divi == ay We series using ssodio test 62 Cole's est , UG... (3n-2) Oe 2-5.8...(3n-1) S> 2 Oye !4 7. Canny TT 2.6.%..(an-1) 2. Ons = 64.7... (80-2) (nary a D.¢.g, -(Bn-V) (an4a Get = hers Go (onal) 4 ER. (omer ts LET. (BAH(SMD 4nT... (3-7 Oar 2 ona as On nto lig Gots Nin G4 Ya) N00 ren om) a4 => ~ Rake fost pois Using Rose's teat: len of = (= no On = lim n} ie Sot - re Bar Vien Nae 2n40. {!Ean \ nse 2* % = is <1 So, Serves w divergent . Ci) = me) , C= Complex no. =F = 2 1 Ona = 2 Tn(nt2) nar y(n43) a x O(n42) a On Cnanints 2) 2 Ong = Yor Z. n(neo) (nsi)(ny2) z(W+2n) v4 ant 3 = z('*%) ey 5 n 4 lien | am] = |2] n>0 a i ti RRakio fex| —=> Seties Convergos i) lai Conner ie e => x Renta diverge @ x=e —> ted fab We ue logonitmce test when “=e. One = Cott)” €Using logarithmic text aioe [ne ©] z= iro a nig) a ("aT"| = Jira "| ata \ +a (\* a) | = nn gce") + + (nw) 19g (AD an) | . = Meo “jr Co a ds aa” jj Ot n—00 NH oy 3O*D =n] -)oyit-—- | N500 ita) 3(n41) = dL oe = lin | Stud * teat | a eae ~ 2 1 Seite 'y diverged foe oseThe given Series ia convergert fpr x 0 bbe an abtetnating series Such tok, Ci) the Sequence fay w& non Mmenaaring « \e, On SOn sb Ci) ing a, =o Thon, te coniee S(-1Y a, & conveegert ice- An Alketnading S214 Soy A, converges ‘h Fant monstenicall Geceosses +o O ay N00 Ex): Detetming tha bchayiour Sy Ha serter QS Ga lon-1 => lin an lim 2 n—>00 n300 «fon-l Pal ees \o- yy —\ ie *° olin a, #0 nao Onn = NH OO a (orn +10-[ tm+g o. ava <0, \k um nen ineeeannng. Using Leibniz Wueren “Series ia divergentape Absslube ond Conditional Convergence. — A Seki Sa, & Said to be absolutely conversant if E\On| & convergent EN: > Gi i His series ts dhscludel, conveegart aince, Z\ce™ =| = ar \ P sales, we Poi convesgent wa Conveegont Sebier, — Ty Sa. tb convergent but Sd] a nt Convergosth thon the series EFQn said to be condi hora Converged ee nen albcsldely conveegedt Ge sc NEE a Ex > Series a is ont Convesgard SHER, Gace eG “4)= St Lu diveegad but 4 = G oo 1 — covet Le ng \erlouirz these tS wang eee©. Exantue Hu Convergence 5 Me Cenier Qe logn DE Shy SS (Wa - Jr) )p +2 uF ye Pat Bay ia (aay | 6) ene , (%>0) nl OF = Hoe fies iy. fas (20-1) | a DS 9D .€.8....(an- ou (0) (Fae at of yy of" i oF 6 “on Os Cony (2) ei* SixKk lying Olifeeenca tests — Vse divergenca test — Tho seem oh Seties of, te teeme tends to oO’, apply ssako test to test its behavioue , Ty Hh dese contains Exponerks involving n’ the ‘ost fest would be euitable. Th svatio a2 act test doean't wok | apply Campeeison dest . —To teat convergence of 0 abteenating, seeies, Kies test Hue absolute conveegence becouse alosolte convesgence imple conv In cose ib & not Abesoludely conveegord , tra leibniz test ib Supported fpr the convergence .