Exereise SA 1. Solve the following equations by factorisation (i) 2-6 -40=0 i) x2 + 16x 132 =0 i) 3x? — 41x + 66 (iv) @2 13x —5 (y) 7x2 -9x-90 (vi) 3x2 Lae +1 Sol. (i) 7 6r-40=0 = 2-10 +4r—40=0 40=-10x4 ~6=-10+4 = x(e-10)+4(@-10)=0 = &- 10) @+4)=0 Bitherx—10= 0 then x= 10 orx+4=0, then x= 1-4 (i) 2 + 16132 =0 = 2+ 22x - 6r-132=0 = x(xt22)-6(¢+22)=0 3 &+2)@-9-0 Either x + 22= 0, then x = or x—6=0, then x= 6 22,6 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS Eh (ii) 32 41e+ 60-0 3x? — 36 — Sr + 60 = 3e(x ~ 12) ~ Se = 12) 0 Gx 5) @- 12)=0 5 12 Sw (vy) 62 + 13x-5=0 = 6x? + 15x-2e-5=0 fs 6x(-5)=-30 =30=15«(-2) 1B=15-2 = 3r(Qr+ §)-1 Gxt 5)=0 => Q2x+5) Gr-1) Bither 2x +5 go 8 > 2 (») 29-90 =0 => Tx -30x+ 21x-90=0 907 = 630 -9 = 30421= x (Tx—30)+3 (Tx 30)=0 = (Tx ~30) (+ 3)= ther Tx — 30 = 0 then Tx= 30 ¥=—> orx+3=0, thenx=—3 30 7 () Ba? 14x F150 =o 3x? Oe - Se F 15=0 v Sx15=45 45 =-9(-5) -14 3 Wk O-3)-5e-3)=0 3-3) Br-5)=0 Fither x 3=0 then x=3 or 3x~5 =O then 3x=5 = ¥=5 2. Solve forx © ox? -25 =12 (i) UeeB7 = 2-3 (ii) S5eF Ranta Sol. (i) fox =25 = 12 Squaring both sides, (oe = 25)? = 1? 9x? 25 = 144 = 9x4 — 144 -25=0 = 9? ~ 165 = Gx (3P = 0 => Gx +13) Gr = 13) Either 3x + 13 ~ 0, then 3e—— 13 aol 3 or 3x~ 13 =0 then 3x 3 (i) Jeeo7 =x-3 ‘Squaring both sides 3 2a 6r4+9-x-27=0 = -Tr-18=0 (9) -9 mo 42x18 50 = x-2)-9+2)=0 = (r+ 20-9) Dither x + 2= 0, then x or x-9=0, then x=9 3x4 S2= (x + 4? =x = r+ 16 3r- 52 w+ 5x-36=0 (+ 9-4) =0 x=4or-9 xed =9 not possible because Lis= Yio) +52 = V5 27 = VB =s but RHS = shs94 Remember J sign gives only + ve root. 3. Solve fora © (@+1P +3@=)=10 Gi) 2a 2)? -S(a+2)=12 Gi) S(a-3)’ - 2(@-3) 4Gv) 3(@-17 + 4(a~ (y) 7(a+3) -9a+3)=10 (i) (43x) - 2007 +3) Sol. () (a+ 1)? +3 (a +1) = 10 Leta+1=., then t4ar-i = 5x2 + 10x ~ 12x 24= = Sx (x+2)- 12 +2) = (+2) (x-12)=0 = x+5r-2x-1 ps -10=5x(-2) 325-2 1 Sx(-24) 120 ‘ =120=-12x10 > +5)-2(r+5)=0 =) Y -2=-12+10 Either +2. 0 then x= 2 or Sy~12=D then Sx= 12> Ifx=~5,thena+1=~5 =3a=-S-1=-6 Itx=~ 2, then a~3=-2 Ifx=2,thena+1=2=9@=2-1=1 eae Hencea =~ 6,1 Wi) 2(a+2P -S(a+Q=12 Leta +2=x,then 2? Sy 12=0 = 2x? — By + 3x-12=0 2x(-12)=-24, aes (0) 30-17 +4 @-1=18 4 bane es Sass art ar 15-0 = 3x 49x -Sx— 15-0 = Bel +3)-S 43) = +3) Gx-5)=0 Seedy 30-4) 3&4) 2x+3)=0 wher x —4 = 0, thenx= 4 3x(-15) =45 =45 =9x(-5) 429-5 Bither x +3 = 0, then or 3x-5=0, then x= 53Ix=~3, then a a=-3+1=-2 () Ta +3? ~ 4a + 3)= 10 Ie at3=x Teo 10-0 Tx? — 14x + Sx-10=0 Tee -2) +5 —9=0 (- 2) (7x +5) xe2or-3 80 OF 35 By cross multiplication, euscereres x05 —62)=2*7 ae sm Poraeses = 25x62 = 14 a = 62 +25r-14=0 a=-lora= 3 G2-25r+14=0 3 62 2x-4e=14=0 (00) 2 + 3? = 268 +30) - Sate 1-20 <0 Let WF Baya => Qr-7) (3x-2)=0 @-2a- ves ae Gey panes 84=-21x(4) (a-4)(a+2)=0 a=4 or a=2 Pth-490 Pt +2=0 (+E 1-06 +24 )=0 2 x=-tort x= 2or- 4, Solve the following equations x2 OF aor 2 3+) +2x(x-1)_13 3-8 Nae 7S 2 AF Se = 3 + 2x? -28) = 13¢e xe3 ay Wr + Se 15 = 38-13,Bx? — Sx 28 3x = 12 + T= 28 3x(x — 4) + Ta 4) (4) Gr+7)=0 xedor-5 @y D+ -L xe3h2et2 GFDG+3) Bet5 7 Peas FF By cross multiplication, 4x Gx + 5)=7 G7 + 4x+3) = 12x? +201 = 7x2 + 28+ 21 = 12x + 20x x? - 28x21 = 0 = Se 8r-21 = Sx?- 1Sx+7x-21=0 = Sr (r-3) +7 (x-3)=0 = (r= 3)(Se+ 7) =0 2 Sx(-21) = -105 = 105 = -15%7 82-1547 Either x—3=0, then x= 3 or Sx+7=0, then Sx=—7 = ¥= (w) 4x-8 8 x 3x3 By cross multiplication, Gx~ 3) (r~ 8) = 12x? — 24x— 120 +24 = 8x = 12x? 26x + 24-8 =0 = 12x? 44x + 24=0 = dx? 11 +6 =0 (Dividing by 4) = P= 2x9 46-0 = x-Gr-2)-3Gr-2)=0 = Gx-2)("-3)-0 2 =0, then 3e=2. 5 255 Fither 3 — 5 or x-3=0, then =3 Hence 2(x+2)+3(x41)_ 17 © "GFNG+) or Gx(Qx +4 + 3x43) = 17024 3x42) ax? + 2dr + 18x? + 18e= 1742 + Sr +34 30x? + 42x ~ 17x? ~ Sx - = 0 13x? — 9x — 3. 13x? — 26x + 17x34 = 0 (13x +17) @=2)=0 1 213K B= 42 =4422 =-26x17 -9=-26417 2 00 5h Qeedide 7 oxtd _7 xO+2) “67 aR 6 By cross multiplication, 1 (2 + 2x) = 6 (Gx + 4) = 1? + Lar = 360 + 24 => Ts? + 14x — 36 - 24 = 0 = 22x 24=0 => Ts? - 28x + 6x- 24 = (x= 4) 66 4)-0 = 4) Ox +6)=0Eitherx—4=0, then x= 4 or x+6=0>7x=-05% 1 et 4x—4 218) 15 2x 1S, By cross muiplication, 15-4) =x 2 2 = P-1x+60=0 = 2 - Dy-5r +6 S x(r-12)-5@-1)=0 3 = 12) -5)=0 Either x— 12= 0 then x= 12 x= S=0,then x= 5 Hence x= $, 12 6(@2 + 1) = 13a 67? — 13a +6 =0 62? — 9a 4a ~ 6 = 0 3a(2a ~ 3) -2(2a ~ 3) Qa ~ 3) Ga ~ 2} 3.2 = a=Z05 a@-Sa+6=0 (@-3)(a-2)=0 3 a=3o0r2 fe fe Be & Ssuaring both sides, = x=QMorx=12 5. Solve fory @ O- 40-6) Gi) (+2) 15 Gil) Gy +59 6 (iv) 5x? + 8x—av5 =0 Sol. (i) (9 4)(y~6)=15 y= ly + 24-15 =0y= 1y +9=0 o-90-)=0 y=9ort W Yt) +D=% = yt It 4y+8—14=0 = +6 16-0 SP tay 2p-16=0 16 =8X(-2) Sy t8)-2+8)=0 S0+9-2=0 Either y + 8 = 0, then or y~2=0, then y=2 Hence y= 2,~8 (it) By #5) = 16 9y? + 30y +25—16 9y2 + 30) + = 9? +3y4 y+ 9=—0 9981 812327 30=3427 = Gr) +9Gy+N=0 = Gy+NGy+9)=0 ithe or 3y Hence y (oy YBa? + 8-48 = 0 Br + Mee 2e- 45 =0 VB x(x+2N8) a(x e248) -0 (Se-2)(eva¥8) ~0 or 2/5 Exercise 5 (B) 1. Solve for x. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places, () 2 ~Sx-8=0 (i) 2-9r-12=0 (ii) (iv) 2x (v) Sx*-3x=9 Wi) x2 +47x-10=0 (il) 4x? 9x -12= 0 (il)? — 1+ 25 =0 Sol. ()x7-Sx-8=0 Here a= 1, b=-5,e=-8 D=#—dac= (5-41 x8) =25432=57 nb V6? aac _ -(-5) 457 da $2 V57 _5#7.55 28, - 1.28 lw 29x 12-0 Hee a=1,b=-9,¢ D=B dae = 9-4 112) =81+48= 129~b+ Vb? — tac 2a ~-9)+ VI _ 9+. Vi29 2x1 2 941136 = 10.18, - 1.18 in) nie a tia3r = P-3r+1=0 Here a=1,6 D= 6? -4ac=(-3)?-4* 1x1 3,c=1 ie 4 (JG trom powers & factorial page) 748062 1-8.062 _ 15062 -1.062 + 4 o 4 3.77, -027 (0) 5x2 —3r=9 = Sv?-3r-9=0 Herea=5, e-9 D= 8? 4ac =(-3P -4* 5 x(-9) 9+ 180 = 189 -b2- VP —4ac 2a 9813.75 10 9413.75 9-13.75 10 10 28, - 0.48 (vi) 2 +x 10=0 Herea=1,6=7,c=—10 D=0?—dac = (7-4 «1 x 10) =49 +40 = 89 abt Vi? = 4uc _ 72 V89 2a 2x 7+ _-7+943 2) 2 149.43 -7-9.43 2 243 16.43 2° 2 = 122,-822 (19 42981 Herea= 4,5D=B-4ac=(- 9-4 «4 x © 12) = 814 192=273 ~b Vb? —4ac _-(-9+ V3 2a 2K4 19, — 0.98 (viii) 2 11x+25=0 Here a = 1, b=~11,¢= 25 D= 6? - dace =(- P= 4 «1 «25 =7.79,3.21 2. Solve and give your answer correct to 3 (ix) (&— 4)? - Se-3 =0 Sol. ())x2— 4x Herea=1,b=-4,¢=1 2» D= b= dac= (4 = 4% 1x1 =16-4=12 bt VP tee eoeoaN, 2x1 2 464 443.464 a) 2 _ 1464 0.536 TT = 3.732, 0.268 (a) 2 -4x-8=0 Herea=1,b=~4,0=-8 D=?— dee = (4)? 4x 1 (8) 2x1 2 significant figures. = 5464, 1.464 @ #-4x+1=0 2003] (ii) 3-9-0 Gi) 8-4-8 =0 Hereg=1,b=-3.¢ ii) 2 -3x-9=0 D=? —dac = (-3 -4 1 x(-9) (iv) 2-52-10 2008, 2013) 9+ 36= 45 -b VP ac () 2e- (2006) x Poe (vi) 42 = 19+2 (2009) (ii) Se (+2) = (vil) (@- 2 -3r+4=0 pon)46.708 2 346.708 3~6.708 2 2 9.708 -3.708 2 2 854, — 1.854 (0) 2 -5x-10=0 Herea=1,5=~5,¢=~10 2 D= dar = (SP -4x 1x C10) 25 = 40= 65 -b+ VP sac 5) +65, axl = 364, — 0.138 (9 4x2 —Ty+2=0 Herea=4,5 D= BP -4ac = 49-32 _nb+ Vb? dae a E184 x42 7 Ns Vi7 _ 7#4.123 2x4 8 744.123 7=4.123 oss 1.123 2.877 mg a8 = 1.39, 0.35 Ans (i) Sec 2 => Sx? + 10x-3=0 Here a=5,5=10, c= » D= dae (Woy -4 «5 « 3) = 100 + 60 = 160 bv —4ac =104 VIG) _ -10 12.689 25 10 =10+12.649 -10-12.649 SS 10 10 2.649 22.649 wo” 10 = 0.2649, - 22649 0.265, ~ 2.265 (viii) (@—1P - x +4 = 0 xt de +1—3r+4=0 oo Sr 45 Sty 2 _ 5+2236 $-2.236 2° 2= 3.62, 138 (is) (= 4P = Sx -3=0 8x 1 16-S¥-3=0 Po 1Br +13 =0 134 vi69=32 2 _ 134 VA77 _ 1341082 13-1082 “2 8 @ ae “33 1.9, 109 3. Find the nature of roots of the following equations without solving ( etx 14 (i) 28 3e+9= (il) 3x? - 9x +5 (iv) x2 30x +22 (0) 5x2 8r-12=0 (oi) 3x2 18 4.27 (30 -x-1 be dae = (1)! = 4G)-14) = 1+ 168 = 169 = 13? Its a pesfect square. Rools are rational and unequal (uy) 28 -3x+9) Here a=2,b=—3,¢=9 . D= 6? 4ac = (3) ~12=-63 s. Dis negative ie. D <0 The roots are not real i.e. roots are imaginary. (iii) 332 9x +5 D= A dac (-9)? - 4(3) (5) 81-60-21 Roots are irrational and unequal. (iv) 2-308 +225 = 0 Here a= 1, b= ~30, ¢= 225 4K2x9 D=p—dac = (30)? —4« 1 225 = 900 - 900 = 0 p=o 2 Roots ae real and equa (0) 5 Be + D> 0, then roots are ational and unequal. (vi) 3? ~ 18 +27 = 0 18? = 43)(27) = 34-324 =0 Roots are real and equa 4. Without solving the following equations, find the value of p, for which the given cquation has qual roots @ 4P+@-2)2+1=0 Gi) 2+ @— Des ~ey-o (ii) (p~3)2- 2 (p~3)x+2=0 (iv) P+ 6x? + (p+ 3)xF =O (¥) p+ 6x2 +(@-2).x+1=0 (i) 2 +p I+ Gp +1) =0 Sol. (i) 4° + (p— 2) + bP dae = 0 = P= doc p - 2) = 4a) P-4p+4-16=0 P= 4p-12=0 P-9@+2=0 p=6 or 2 (i) Mere, a= 1, 6= (pI), c= +2) dae = 0 (for equal roots) = p-WP-ax x pt? = P+ 1-2-4949) 1-2p-tp-8=0 = pP-Op-7= Factorising, p? ~ 6p - 7 = P-Iptp-7=0 = pp T+ 1-7-03 P-Dpth=0 = P+9+ bp-4 (3p + =O Either p = Tor -1 = +94 5p 124-0 (iit) (P-3? Ap 3px +2=0 3 Ase B= doc 2 . > P= Sp-prs=0 [-29 - 3) = A - 3) @) = plp-5)-Mp-5)=0 = pip 5)=0 Bither p = 1 or S Without solving the following equations, (2p + 6)? = Bp ~ 24 4p? ~32p + 60 = 0 pP-Sp + 1S=0 i a find the value of k for which the given e-pe-a-6 equation has real roots. ersar3 (ke Sx+1=0 Set pease =f (iy ex er Or * Al Gi) 2—x-k=0 Besa me Gore tier Sol. (kx? Sx +10 . D= 5? dae =pt3-4xp+ 6 (I) eo see en # D=B-dae= 5) 4 kd s 54k =pP+2p-1s Roots are real +s Roots are real and equal Deb 2 D>0 = 25-4420 oan Se 4k = aks 28 = p+5p~3p-15=0 se soxee! y -AS=5x(-3) 4 ‘ 255-3 (i) Phe 49=0 siphts-30 +) <0 If 6? — ac 2 0, then roots are rea = +5) @-3) (4p - 4199) 20 Either p + 50, then p =~ 5 #236 or p30, then p=3 26 orks 6 Hence p= 3,—5 (ii) P-x-k=0 0) @+ Ox +(—p-2e+1=0 a= CIP 40) CH @-2P =4p> 9) 1+ 4k 20 pP-4p+4—4p-24=0 pP-%p-20=0 (10) p+2)= p= Wor 2 i) If-x = 2 is one root of the equation Gea heen 6. (i) Ix = 2 is one root of the equation Here, a= 1,6=p+3,c=3p+1 6? — dac = 0 (for equal roots) => (pt3P-4«1*Bp+D=0 — = (k~3)x? — ky -8 = 0, find the value of & Also, find the other roo: of the equation, Gil) x= 4 is one root offind the value G+ 2)2 Gk Ve 4 of. Also, find the other root ofthe equation. Sol. (x=? is one root of the equation (k— 3} v-k-8=0 Substituting the value of x = 2 in the equation &- 3) QP -kQ) =4(k-3)-2k-8=0 4k—12-2k-8=0 ud Product of roots {p One reot = 2 = Sevond root Gi) Ix =4 is one root (k+2)42-[5k+2)4-4 16k +32 —20k-8-4=0 4k = -20 kes (+22 Tx 21x Tey +x 4=0 Tr (x4) + 1-4 (r+) @-4)=0 Exercise 5 (©) 1. Find two consecutive positive even bers, the sum of whose squares is 452. Sol. Let first number and second number = 2x + 2 According to the condition, Qn? + r+ 2)? = 452 4x2 dyes 8x74 = 452 3 82+ 8x 44-452 =0 824 B48 0 Dividing by 8 Fan 56 =p 2+ Br Te 56=0 56 = 8x(- {335 = x (a+ 8)-7 (x +8) => (+8) @X-7)=0 Either x +8 = 0, thon x =~ 8, but it isnot possible or bring negative or.x-7=0 then x= 7 -, Numbers ate 7x2, 7x2+2 =14, 16 2. The sum of two numbers is 9. Eighteen times the sum of their reciprocals is also 9. Find the numbers. Sol. Sum of two numbers = 9 Let first number and second number = 9 —x According to the condition, = x2-9r+18=0 =P -3x- 6+ 18=0 ps 18=-3x(-6) 9-3-6 = x (t= 3)-6-3)=0 = &-3)@-O)=0 Either x3 = 0, then x= 3or Sol orx~6=0, then x=6 c. Numbers are 3, (9 = 3) = 6 6,(9-6) =3 Hence numbers are 3, 6 }- The difference of squares of two numbers is 112. The square of the smaller is 9 times. the larger number, Find the numbers Lette smaller no, be and bigget be y Ba% The difference of squares of 2 nos #-P= 12 gy= y= 12 Foye 2-0 w-I90+=0 .P=9x1W3x=12 Sol. uu The numbers are 12 and 16 |. The sum of squares of two numbersis 208. Te square ofthe larger number is 18 times the smaller number. Find the numbers. Let larger number and smaller number =. then x? +52 =208 w and x? = 18y From (i) 18y +)? = 208 = 0 P+ 18-208 =0 208 = 826 {Tinos P-8y + 26y- 208 =0 90-8) +260-8)=0 ty - 8) + 26) Bither y~8 =0, theny= 8 ory +260, then y=— 26 But itis not pessble being negative nya8 r= Vi8x8 = Vid =12 ~ Numbers are 12, 8 A two-digit positive number is such that the product of the digits is 24. If 18 is, subtracted from the number, the digits are Sol. Let the nos. be Find the number. Sol. Let ien’s digit be x and units digit be y No. = 10x + v and Product = 207= 24 ..(i) Reverse No, = 10) +x lox + y= 18 = 10y +x = 9x 9y=18 Sr-y=2 yor-2 Gi) from (i) and (i), x= 2)=24 dy 4=0 (= 6) (e+ 4)=0 ae xe6y= G4 ~The number ~ 64 6. The sum of squares of three consecutive natural numbers is 434. Take the middle number as x and frame an equation in x, and solve it to find the three numbers. Sol. Let the three consecutive natural numbers bex~I,xandx+1 ‘Sum of their squares = (x ~ 1)? + 3? + (x +1P ~ 44 (2-21) +8 + O84 2x #1) = 434 ae 42-434 3x? 4M = 0 3x? 432. 302 - 144) = 0 3or+ 12) (r= 12)=0 r=12 © The natural nos. are 11, 12 and 13, 7. A natural number is 25 more than its reciprocal, Find the number, x 2 reciprocal 2 11 ge 3 _ = 47g OS tek 3-0 3-9 H2-3=0 Bae = 3) + = 3) @-)Gre)=0 > ‘The natural number = 3 8. A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits and is 16 more than the product of its digits. Find the number, Sol. Let units digit =x and tens digit= y hen number = x + 10y According to the condition, S xt ly-4(e 1 y)=ox ly 4e+4y Soy=% sr=% o and x+ loy=ay +16 = 2y+ lOy= dy xy +16 > 12y=2)2+16 = 2-124 16=0 Diviging by =6y+8=0 =? 4y—2y+ fr B= 2x4) ~6=-2-4 = -4)-20-4)=0 = 0-4 y-2)=0 Either y~4=0 then +10*4=8440=48 where x= 4, y= 2, then xt Wy 442% 10=4 420-24 =, Numbers can he 24 or 48 9. The numerator of a fraction is 2 less than its denominator. If3is added to each of the umerator and the denominator, the 1 Fraction increases by + Find the fraction Sol. Let the fraction be xo2+3 xt] seared The fraction increases by 1/18. New fraction = aah BW eS Tee x3 (19x ~ 36) (& +3) = 1x0 + 1) 19s? — 36r + 57x — 108 = 18x" + 18x 22+ 3x 108 = 0 = (r+ 12) 9) =0 x-9=0 X=9x412 xe-12 (rejected) ne: «. Frasion= 2 10, The product of ewo consecutive nara numbers which are multiples of 6 is equal to 1080, Find the numbers. Sol. Let.x and x + 1 be the consecutive natural numbers As they are muliples of 6. So, they can be written as 6x and 6(x+ 1) ‘According tothe condition 6x x 6(x + 1) = 1080 Ge (6x + 6) = 1080 =9 362 + be = 1080 36x? ~ 36x ~ 1080 36(42 +x- 30) 0 [236 + 0] xtx-30=0 =x + Gx~ Sr-30=0 s+ 6) 56+ 6=0 &-9 076 o-6 The value ~6 is rejected because the required numbers natual number *. Required natural numbers are = 6 * 5, 6(5 + 1) = 30, 36 Exereise 5 (D) 1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 60 em. Take -xas the breadth and express length in terms, ofr, If thearea of the rectangle is 216.em?, find the value of x Sol. Let the breadth = x uuuuuug: Area = x30 ~ x) = 216 xt 30r > 216=0 x? 18v- 12v +21 (= 18) (= 12)=0 Length = 12 em, breadia = 18 emor L = 18 0m, b= 12. em 2. The length of verandah is3m more than its breadth, The numerical value of its area is equal othe numerical value of its perimeter Find the dimensions of the verandah |. Length is 3 more than breadth. breadth = x, then length = x +3 ‘Area = Perimeter xe +3) = 2 +x +3) Stirs 4r+6 3 P-x-6-0 (= 342-0 = x=3 :. Breadth = 3m and Length = 6m 3. The area of a hall is 288 m?. Ifthe length were increased by 6 m and the breadth decreased by 4 m, the area would be unaltered, find the length of the room Sol. Let the length of room be x metres. 288 Breadth = “metres ano 288-4x) woo (3 288x + 1728 — 4x? - 24r = 288 4x2 + 24e — 1728 SP +6 3 (x + 24x18) =0 X= 18 © length = 18 m 4. A rectangular park has a jogger’s path of uniform width around it on the outside. IF the area of the path is 258 m? and the dimensions of the park are 21m by 16 m, find the width of the path Sol 21m 6m 16+ 20m 21+2em Lethe uniform width ofthe path bes metres. ‘Area of path = 21 +21)(16 + 2x)—21 x 16 21x 16 + 3244 ADs + Ae? 21 x 16 = 258 42 +74r — 258 = 0 Dividing by 2 2e + 37x- 129-0 2x? ~ Gy + 43x ~ 129 2xlx - 3) + 43(e- 3) (3) Q@r+43)=0 8, Sol. Width of the path = 3m. ‘The length of a rectangular garden is twice thelength of a square garden andits breadth is 2 m less than that of the square. The area of therectangular garden is 21 m? more than that ofthe square, Find the dimensions of the rectangle. Let the length of square garden be x metes. Length of rectangle Breadth =x ~ 2 ‘Area of rectangle = 21 ~ Area of square Date = 2) = 21 tx de dy = 21=0 P-dy-21=0 3 @-7+3) Length = 14 m and breadth = 5 m Sol. Anshika wishes to start 2 200 m? rectangular garden. Since he has only 50 1m barbed wire, he fences three sides of the garden letting his house compound wallact as one of the longer sides of the garden Find the dimensions of the garden, Wall Let the length be x meues, 400 Total length of 3 sides = x + =>x 50r +400 = 0 (& = 40)¢r ~ 10) = 0 lex = 40 m= length, or n= 20.5 veadth = 200 = 5 my length = x= 10 m 7. The length of a rectangle is 3 em more than its breadth and the diagonal is 3 em rmore than the length. Find the dimensions of the rectangle, Let the breadth of the rectangle = xem and the length of the rectangle = (x +3) em Also, the diagonal of the rectangle = (e+ 3) 3 em=(r +6) em We know that Diagonal of the rectangle = JP 4m) 3 + 6em= fers Hey Square both sides, we get + OP = (+32 HOR? SH 12+ 36x + 6+ 9 te SPH 12+ 36-22 + 6 +9 3 27 +6 427-0 37-6270 = 2-984 3r-27=0 3-9) +3 0-9) =0 s+) u-9=0 =0 = x =-3(hich isnot possible) = x-9205 = Dreadth of the rectangle ~ 9 em Length of the rectangle = (r+ 3) em =943= 120m 8. In APQR, Q=90" and QR is 4 em more than PO. IP area of APOR = 96 em? Find the sides ofthe triangle. Sol. Let the side PQ =x em and the side QR = (x * 4) em Also, given arca of APQR = 96 em? We know that, area of APQR = 46% fe 90 om? = Lxxxtx+4) een oO 32+ 4r- 19 3 P+ 16r-12-192=0 3 Hee + 16) 1266+ 16)=0 = (x~ 12) + 16)=0 Wr 12-0 and Side QR = (12 + 4) em= 16 em and Diagonal PR= (PQ) +(QRY — = VIF 16 = Vide 256 = 409 = 20 em Exercise 5 (E) 1. Ifthe perimeter ofa right-angled triangle is 40 cm and its hypotenuse is 2 em longer than one side, find the lengths of the sides of the triangle. Sol. Perimeter = 40 em Let one side be x em. Hypotenuse = x + 2 em 3rd side = 40 — (x +x +2) Using Pythagoras theorem, 848-207 =O + = 38 2e emSol 3. x2 + 1ddd — 1520 442 =x? + de +4 4x2 — 156y > 1440 = 0 20 = 39x + 360 = 0 (Dividing by 4) x2 My ~ 15x +360 (24) (= 15) =0 Ix = 24 em hypotenuse = 26 em, then Other side = 38 ~ 2(24), not possible If x= 1S em hypotenuse = 17 cm 3rd side = 38 - 2 (15) = 8 em 8 cm, 15 cm, 17 em are the sides. 9. Three circles with eentres A, B and toue’ externally each other. The Fadius of circle with centre A is x em, radius of citele with centro B has radius 6 em and with centre C has radius 20 em. If ZBAC = 90°, frame an equation in x and solve for it. radii = x em, 6 em, 20 em Cy AB=x + 60m BC = 20 + 6= 26cm AC=x+200m (© + 9)? = (+ 20 = 207 32+ [De + 36 +22 + 40r + 400-676 =0 2x? +52x—240=0 (Dividing by 2) x2 + 26x ~ 124 x? dy + 30x ~ 120-0 (e- 9) (+30) =0 x = 4/2, sides are 10 om, 24 om, 26 em PR =25 em, With P and R as centres, two Sol. = = = = yu 4 Sol. circles of mudi 12 em and7 em are drawn. A third circle with centre Q and radius x em is drawn touching the first wo circles exterrally and ZPQR = 90°. Find the radius x. Inthe given Figure, Radius of eirele with P as centre ~ 12 em. and 7 em of circle with centre R Radius of third circle ZPQR = 90; PR In right APQR, PQ? + QR? = PR? (12+? + G+ P= CSP M44 + 2dy + x2 +32 + Lb + 49 = 625 Dad + 38x + 193 - 625 =0 2x + 38r— 432-0 x2 + 19x -216=0 (Dividing by 2) P+ 27x-8r-216=0 216 =27x(-8) 19=27-8 x (+278 (r+ 27)=0 (+27) -8)=0 Either x +27 = 0, then x = ~ 27 whieh is not possible being negative =0, then A wire of length 72 em is bent to form a right-angled triangle of hypotenuse 30 cm, Find the lengths of the ether two sides Wire lengih = Perimeter of A = 72 em Hypotenuse = 30 em ors x=842-x 0 If one side =x em 2nd side = 72 — GO + x) ABH G2 — xP = 30 x2 + 1764 — 84x ~ x2 — 900 = 0 2x? B4x + 864-0 (Dividing by 2) xt 42x +432 (= 24) (w= 18)=0 x= 18 or 24 “. Other two sides are 18 and 24 em, Sol. - Cyclist A moves ata speed of x km/h from a place inthe east direction. Cyclist B moves at (x+ 3) km/h from the same place towards the northern direction. If after 2 hours the distance between thems 30 hr, find the value of x Speed of A cyelist= and speed of B cyclist leh (x +3) kwh +. Distance covered by A eyclist in2 hours = 2xx=2xkm. and distance covered by B cyelist in two hours = 2 (r+ 3) km = (2x +6) km But distance between them is now 30 km ~. By Pythagoras Theorem 0A?+ OB? = AB? ex? + 2 + 3P = 30? 4244 02 + Gr +9) = 900 42 + dy? + 24x + 36-900 =0 8x? + 2d ~ 864 = 0 => x2 + 3x— 108 = 0 (Dividing by 8) = + 12y- 9x 108 = 108 = 12x(-9) 3212-9 = x4 12-9 (e+ 1=0 = + 12)(r-9) Fither x-+ 12=0, then x =~ 12 which is not possible being negative orx=9=0 then x=9 4 speed of A eyeist = 9 kanvh and of second cyclist = 9 + 9. = 12 kmh Exercise 5 (F) 1. A woman is six times as old as her son. ‘Two years ago, the product of their ages was 84. Find their present ages. Sol. Mother Son 1. Present ages o x 2years ago G2 x2 (6x - 2x - 2) 6x? — 2x - 12e +484 =0 6x? - 14x 80 3x? — 15x + By — 40 Bx(x ~ 5)+ Br - 5) = 0 @-3) Grr 8-0 Son = S years, Mother = 30 years 2. The sum of ages of a mother and her daughter is 40 years’, Five years ago, the mother’s age was square of her daughter's age. Find their present ages, By taking x years as the daughter's present age, frame ‘an equation in x and solve forx.Sol. Sum of ages of a mother and her daughter 40 years Let age of daughter =x years then age of mother = (40 —x) 5S years ago, Age of daughter = (x— 5) years and age of mother = (40 —x~ 5 years According to the contition, @s—x) &-5P= GS-9 P= lr +25=35-x P= 1r+3+25-35=0 -9x-10=0 = 10r + x-10=0 x(e= 10) +1 = 10)=0 (r= 10) (e+ 1)=0 Either s~ 10 =0, then x= 10 orx +1 =0, then x =~ 1, which is not possible as it is negative *. Age of daughter = 10 years and age of mother = 40 ~ 10 = 30 years 3. Three years ago, a father’s age was square of his son’s age. Six years hence, his age will be thrice his son's age. Find their present ages. VUUNUY Sol Father Son 3 years ago 2 x Present ages +30 +3 6 yoarshenee +9 0 x49 P49 = 3049) S327 49-0 xo 3-18 @-9@+H=0 *. Present age of son = 9 years Present age of mother = 39 years. 4. Four years ago, a father’s age was square of his daughter's age. Nine years hence, hhis age will be 2 more than thrice his daughter's age. Find their present ages. Sol. 4 years ago, 1226 vuus uy Letage of daughter = x years then age of father = years Present age of daughter = x +4 years and age of father =x? +4 years 9 years hence, ageof daughter=x+4+9= s+ 13 years w44n9 and age of father =x + 13 years ‘According to the condition, PID =3 413) +2 Po 13=4e+ 3042 x -3x+13-39-2=0 24r-28=0 Poet dx -28=0 28-94 H3eT44 xO-)+46-7)=0 @-1N)@+4) Eltterx~7=0, thea x=7 orx+ 4=( then s=4 wich snot posable being negative aaeT Present age of daughter = 7 4 4 = 11 years and age of father = (7)? +4 =49 +4 = 53 years Sol. ‘Ms$ Rao has two sons. At present herage is equal to the sum of the squares of their ages. Seventeen years hence, she will be twice her older son's age. Find the present ages of her sons if their age difference is 1 year, Let the Son's ages be x and x +1 years Mother's age = 2? + G+ IP = Qe 42e+1) ‘After 17 years, Mother age = 2 (Older son’s age) ate tl 1T= 2641417) 24 2e 4 18 —2r-36=0 2 18=0208 -9) 2x = 3) @ +3) x= 3 years +. Son's ages = 3 and 4 years Mother's age = 25 years 6, 10 years ago, Amina’s age was square of her sister's age. Eleven years hence, she will be 6 years older than her sist. Find their present ages. 10 years ago, Let age of siste and age of Amina =x? years Sol. Present age of sister = (r+ 10) years and age of Amina = (2 + 10) yeas 11 yeas heave, age of sister wll be =x+ 10+ 11 = (+21 yeus and age of Amina =x? +10 + 11 = (2 4-21) years Acconing to the condition, 24M =xt21+6 = x+21-x-21-6=0 = -x-6=0 3 Pet de = x(e-3)+2@-3)=0 2&3 +]=0 Either x ~ 3 = 0, thea x ©. x-+2=0, then x=~2 whieh is not possible being negative nxa3 Present age of her sister = x + 10 +10=13 years and age of Amina =x? + 10 = 3)°+ 10 =9+10=19 years Exercise 5 (G) 1. A train covers 120 km at a uniform speed. If its speed had been increased by 15 km’ h, it would have covered the distance in 40 minutes less. Find the original speed. Distance (d) = 120 km Let original speed in first ease = x km/h D_120 o. Time (T) => = br In second case, speed = (x + 15) km/h 120 x45 “Time (T) = hr According to the question, Bie ott ag i807 3 +15x 180 x(r+15) = 2700 = x2 + 15x => x2 + 15x-2700=0 => x2 + 60% 48x 2700 = 0 + -2700 = 60% (45) 15=60-45 = (+ 60)-45 (+ 60)=0 = (+ 60) = 45)=0 Either x + 60 = 0, then not possible being negative. orx—45=0 then x= 45 <+ Original speed ofthe train = 45 knvhr 2. The speed of a passenger train is x km/h Anexpress train is 20 kmh faster than the passenger train and takes 1 hour 40 minutes less than the passenger train 10 cover a distance of 200 km. Calculate their speed, = 60 whieh is Sol. Speed of passenger train =x kwh Speed of express train Distance = 200 km (e+ 20) km/hDistance Time 2. Speed= = Time= = According to condition 020 2 8.5 [aaah 200%20 _ 5 = x(r+20) 3 = xf +20) * $= 200« 203 3 (2 + 208) = 2400 =x? + 20r- 2400 =0 = x7 + 6x ~ 40 ~ 2400 = 0 3 ae +60) — 40¢¢ + 60) = 0 = (x40) (+ 60)=0 = x= 40 or ~ 60 (rejected) Speed of passenger tain = x kin 0 kmh (+20) kwh = 60 kmin 3. A plane flies a distance of 1600 km at a certain speed. On the return joumey, due to bad weather, as the speed was reduced by 40 kmih it took | hour 20 minutes more than the onward journey, Find the speed of the onward journey. Speed of express train 1600 16001 Myx 3 1600x —1600x + 64000 40x 32 — 40x ~ 48000 = 0 (= 240) (x + 200) = 0 x= 240 kmh = Onward journey speed 4. A plane travels a distance of 1200 km at a certain speed. But on the return trip its speed was inereased by 80 kin/h and hence it took 30 minutes less than the onward journey Find the original speed Sol. Distance = 1200 km Le the original speed of the plane = x kin ~ Time = 2 = 120) jy, 5 On the return of the plane, speed = (¢ * 80) km/h 1200 ime hrs * Time = 780 ‘According o the question, 1200 1200 _ 30 x #80 60 x x¥8) 2 1200 2400 x+80-" x(x +80) ~ 2400 80 1 = 2+ 80x 2400 => 2+ 80x = 192000 => x2 + 80x - 192000 = 0 > x2 + 480x— 400% ~ 192000 = 0 192004 8 480 (400) 490-400= x(x +480) ~400 (x + 480)= 0 = (x + 480) (400) = 0 Bitherx +480 =, then x =~ 480 which is not possible being negative or x 400 = 0, then x = 400 Original speed of the plane = 400 nvr 5. The distance by road between wo places ‘Nand B is 240 km and by rail is 200 km, ‘The speed ofa train is 10 kan/h more than a car's speed and thus it takes 2 hours less than the ear to travel the distance from A ta B. Find the speed ofthe train Sol. Distance | Speed] Time 20 Road 240 km fxkmn — | 22, Ti 200 ks a0 hl xin |200 ka | > 10) sn] Ps Difference in ime = 2 hours 240 200 eT) x x+l0 120 + 10) = 100x = 32 + 108 20x + 1200 = 32 + 10x 2 10x ~ 1200 2. (x40) (© +30) =0 x = 40 km/h = car’s speed Train’s speed = 50 km/h 6. A boy takes 24 minutes less by cycling to school than when he walks. The distance between his school and residence is 3 km Ithe eycles 10 kmv/h faster than he walks, find his walking speed, Let walking speed be x km‘, Cyoling speed = (x + 10) knvh 3__3 24 x t10 60 (Dividing by 3) x x+10 60 xtl0-x_ 2 xrlOx 15 loxis 2 2+ 10r-75=0 (+15) @-5)=0 x =5 kavh = walking speed A toy cycles to his friend’s house, 8 km away, against the wind whick blows at {6kmv/h AMier some time he returns and notes that the double trip took him 2 hours 30 minutes. Find the boy’s cycling speed in still air ifon the return trip he cycles with the wind +108 Sol. Letthe eyeling speed in still air be x kw’, D 5 T eB, with wind ]8 km | 6+ 6)kmvh | hours against wind {8 km | (x ~ 6)km/h] —¢ hours 5 r= 48 + 8x FAB — 5-36) 32x = 5x2 180 Sx? 32x 180= 0 Sx = SOx + 18 ~ 18¢ Sx(s — 10) + 18 - 10)= 0 (10) (Se + 19)=0 ox 10 kmh 8. The speedofa boat in still water is 9 krv/h It goes 15 km downstream and returnsSol. moving upstream in 3 hours 45 minutes. Find the speed of the stream. Speed of boat in still water Distance = 15 km Let speed of stream = x kmihr 9 kmihe + Downstream speed = (9 + 3) kine and upstream speed = (9 ~ x) km/hr According to the question, Iss ote 9-x oex o-xt94e O+NO=2) was ti-e 6 15 (81x) = 1080 1215 — 152 = 1080 152 = 1215 ~ 1080 = 135 x= 3 orx=—3 whichis not possible being negative +. Speed of stream = 3 km/hr Sol. ). In a Marathon race, Sudhir ran 48 km at an average speed of x kmih and Madhav ran the race 3 km/h faster than Sudhir and finished the race 32 minutes before Sudhir. Solve for x: According to the Question, 48 48 32 x x43” 60 3.32 yas aw (bY 18) Sol. -, Time fixed for the appointment Sol. 3x49 43x 210= xt + ar (+18) @-15)=0 axel 10. ‘A motorist leaves his home at 8 a.m. to a place 90 km away. Ihe drives atan average speed of fc 5) km/h, he will be | minutes late for his appointment. I driving at (r+ 10) km/h, he will be 15 minutes 100 early. Find the value of x and the time fixed for the appointment. Ditference in time = 15 ~ 1 = 30 minutes 90 wel 0 90(x +10)—90(x~5) © (= 3)(0+10) 2(900 + 450) = (x + 10) (x - 5) + = 50-2700 Sx —2750=0 (© 55) (@—50)=0 x=50 0 , 90 Time taken = go 2 hours If he reaches at 8am. +2 am.= 10am, ‘Thon, he will be 15 minutes late 45am Exercise 5 (H) A man bought some books for ¥ 1200. When the price of each rose by %30, he could buy 2 books less for % 1200. Find the original price of the book. Letthe original price be € x600(x + 30) ~ 600s = x2 + 30 (+ by 2) 3+ 3Or — 1800 + 150) Ge ~ 120) = 0 x= 120 <. Original price of the book = % 120 2. The total cost of some pizzas in a school canteen was 83000, When the price ofeach pizza was increased by & 15, ten fewer pizzas could be bought for the same cost of % 3000, Find the original price of each pizza Sol. Total cost of pizzas = % 3000 Let cost of I pizza =@ x then number of pizzas In second ease, cost of | pizza =@ (x + 15) . 3000 Number of pizzas = 43 According to the question, 30003000 x tis = 3000 (2+5—*|— 10 xl) Ise ee 308 2+ 15x = 4500 => P+ 15x — 4500 =0 = P+ 75x - 60x - 4500 = 0 + 4500-78-60) 100415) 60@+15)=0 = We + 75) (x— 60) =0 Bither 2 © 78 0 then x~ pot posible being nave, 75 whieh is or x= 60= 0 then x= 60 *. Original price of pizza = 60 3. A person hs € 9600 forhis daily expenses ‘on a tour. If his tour exceeds by 4 days, he rus eut his daily expenses by € 200, Take the numberof das OTR wu as, me am equation inx and solve it Sal Daily expenses ofa person = € 9600 Lat ounber of das of our = x 600 then daily expenses Increase in days of tour = 4 = total days =x +4 Now daily expenses = According to the question, = 2s de 192-0 = 2+ 16r-12x- 192=0 s -192=16x(-12) 4=16— x(x+16)~ 12 (x+ 16)=0 (+16) @- 12)=0 Bither x + 16 = 0, then x= ~ not possible being negative ors 12-0, then x= 12 -. Number of days of tour = 12 days 4. 6400 notebooks were distributed among some children. Had there been 80 children ug 16 which isless, each would have received 4 more books. Take the number of books received by each child as x, frame an equation in x and solve for it. Sal. Total number af books = 6400 Let number ofbooks received by each child c. Number of childrer In second case books received by each child xt4 . Number of children xed Asotin to te uenn, 6400 _ 6400 | = ae Li = 40 (4-). (-sa)-*0 ee a kery ee 4 ot = 4dr 80 = + 4r=320 = + 4x-320=0 = 2+ 20y— 16r-320=0 = ele +20) — 16 (e+ 20) = = (x + 20)(x~ 16)-0 Either x + 20 = 0, then x =~ 20 which is ‘not possible being negative or x~ 16 =0, then x= 16 x= 16 5. x calculators were bought by a shopkeeper for € 4800. Two were damaged. The remaining were sold each for % 40 more than he had paid for. He thus made a profit of 800 on the whole transaction. Frame fan equation in x and solve for it estos each 2 801 ay > = 1 (+ by 40) 140x = 120x + 240 = x(x = 2) x2 22x - 240 = 0 = 30r + 8x- 240 = 0 a4 ~ 30) + 8(x~ 30) = 0 (x 30) (+8) =0 +730 30 calculators were bought. 66. A man bought x chairs for& 6000. He kept ‘one for hisuse and then sold the remaining, each for 860 more than what he had paid for. Thereby he made a profit of 21200 on the whole transaction. How many chairs did he buy? Sol. — No.of Price of anpcs chairs each 6000 Buying 6000 x —7200 Selling 720000 x= 7200 _ 6000 aT = 60 = Profit on each 120 100 ql pt by) 120¢ ~ 100" + 100. = ¥ x2 21x — 100 ( -25) (+4) =0 2. 25 chairs were bought, 7. Some members of a club decided to go for a picnic and hired a bus for & 6000. IS ‘more members had joined, it would have cost each one 240 less for the bus. How ‘many members went for the picnic ? Let number of members who went for picnic = x Charges of bus = € 6000 6000 +. Share of each member In second case, number of members =xr5 6000 +. Share of each member == According to the question, = x84 30x - 25x -750=0 fs 750 = 30(-25) > x (+30) 25 @ + 30)=0 => (r+ 30) (e-25)=0 Fither x +30 = 0, then x= ~30 but itisnot possible being negative orx~25=0 then x = 25 -. Number of members = 25 8. For a total cost of % 42,000, x number of mobile phones were bought. But when the price of each went up by % 200, for the same amount now $ less mobiles could be bought. Frame an equation in x and solve it, Also find the new price of the mobile Sol. Total cosi = & 42000 Number of phones bought = x 42000 ~ Price of each phone In second case, Phones we bought 42000 <5 According to the question, 42000 _ 42000 =< = 200 +. Price of each phone x5 =m. ) ~ 42000 Moya ee sigsy game 219 >? 7 Oe 1050 =0 = 1050= 0= (= 35) +30) =0 Eitherx ~ 35 = 0, then x = 35 or x + 30 = 6, then x = ~ 30 whieh is not possible being negative .. Number of phones purchased — 35 and new price of each mobile (phones) 42000 30 A dealer bought an article for €50x and sold for (480+ 7c) ata profit of x%. Frame an equation in and solve itto find the cost price. 1400 Sol. CP. of article = 50x SP. of article ~ &480 + 79) Profit = S.P. ~ CP. = &(480 + Tx) ~ (50x) Profit percent = x% According to the condition Profit rofit % = X10 Profit % = Sp po (8047-503), 199 50 50x? = (480 ~ 43x) « 100 3 = 480-430) 2 = + 8x 960=0 = 2 + 96x— 10r—960=0 = xe +96) — 1D + 96) = 0 = — 10) (+96) = 0 = x= T0 oF -96 (rejected) CP. of article = €50r = 50 x 10 = %500 Miscellaneous Exercise 1.) 787 -Br- 12-0 Gi) 8(a +2)? + 18a +2) tty —12=0 Te? 1d + 6e—12=0 fs 1x(-12)= 84 =84=-14K6 -8=-14+6 3 xe) +620 2 &-2)(7x+0)=0 Bither x2 = 0, then x= 2 or Te + 6 = 0, then 7x =~ 6 = ¥= Hence x =2,~§ (iy a+ 29+ 18(a+2)=5 Let(a +2) =x 8x74 18x-5=0 = 8x7 + 20x-2x-5=0 4x Qe +5) 12x +5)=0 (rts) (@r—D=0 2 2 VG and 2. Find the rature of roots of the following equations without solving, (i) 2? - 3x +4=0 (ii) 3x7 - 30x+ 75=0 Sol(i)22—3r+4=0 3) 42) (4) = 9 -32.<0 Imaginary roots (ii) 3x? = 30x + 75 B ~ 4ac = 900 - 4(3)(75) = 0 + Roots are real and equal 3. Without solving the following equations, find the value of ‘p” for which the equation hhas real and equal roots. ( 2522 2pn rp ~4)~0 (i) (4) x? + 2px + 18=0 Sol. (i) 25? px + (p-4)~ 0 If roots are equal, then 5? = 4ac (2p = 4(25) (p - 4) pP=25p > 100=0 (p20) (p-5)=0 > p=200r5 it) (@~ 4 = 2px = 18 =0 4p?= Alp -4)18_ = pP- 189+ 72=0 (P- 12) ~~ 6)=0 pn 6or 2 4. Solve the following equations and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures, L 2 Ory (i) @— 37 + 3x-15=0 1 2 Sol, () x4 = 2S +1= 105 Ore10,e=1 10-4 Sx nb Vo? =4ac _ -(-10)+ V0 2a 2x5 + Vi6KS _ 1044 10 10 10+4V5 _ 10+4(2.236) 10 10 10489 189M oi gy “0 0 - 10-4¥5 _ 10~4(2.236) 10 10 10-8.944 _ 1.056 SS =F = 0.1056 = 0.106 10 10 (ii) @— 3) + 3x15 = Gr +943 15-02 3x-6=0 Hete a= 1,b=~3,0=-6 = dac = (-3P-4 «1 * (6) +M=3 b+ Vb? ~dac a “oS 32578 2x1 2 +5744 _ 8.744 2 2 3-544 2.44 34.28 232 431,- 122 5. (i) Find the value of £ for which x= 3 is a solution of (k + 2) x7 — kv + 6 = 0. Also find the other root of the equation. [2015] i) Ix =2 isone root of the quadratie equation (+1)? ~ kee 10 = 0, find the value of k and also the other root. 37 ors - 122 Sol. (i) (E+ 2) — bv + 6= 9...) is one root Substituting the velue of «= 3 (k +2) 3) —kG)+6=0 3 9(k+2)-3k + 6-0 3 9k +18 3k+6=0 = 6h=- 18-6 3 6h~-24 24 a -, The equations willbe ater substituting the value of kin (0) (4+ 2)x2-C4)x+6=0 3-2 4dr 6-0 4 3=-3x1 =P -2x-3=0 a = P-3r+x-3=0 = x(e-3+10-3)=0 = (x3) r+) =0 -. Second root will be x+ 1=0 = Gi) (K+ 1) -ke- 100.) x= 2 is one root, -. Substituting the value of x (k+1) QF -kQ)-1 4(k+ 1)-2k-10=0 4k +4—2k-10=0 = 2k-6=0 uu Sie mi nba 2 x-6-21=8 Substituting the value of k in (i) G12 -3k-10=0 4x2 3k-10=0 4B ~ 8x + 5x 10=0 uu 4x (e-2) +5 (¥-2)=0 (2) Ar 5) uy 4x4 5~Othen = Secund vost is x=-2 cond root is #=—26. ABCD is a rectangle. Its length is 4 em ‘more than its breadth, PAD is an isosceles triangle and PE = 10 em. If the area of the rectangle is 36 cm? more than the area of the triangle, find the length of AD. al c Sol. Let /be the length of rectangle and b be the breadth of rectangle. According to the condition Area of rectangle = Area of A + 36 cm? ABAD = LxADxPE +36 bib +4) = aX (b+4)x<10436 (0) (b> 4) = 5044) +36 BP +4b= 56+ 20436 Bb 56=0 62-844 7h-56=0 b(b -8)+ 716-8) = 0 = b+ b-9) b= (rejected) or 8 em I=AD=6+4=844= 12cm 7. A passenger train takes 2 hours 30 minutes ‘more than an express train for a journey of (600 km. The speed of the express tain is 8 km/h more than the passenger train. Find the speed of the passenger train Sol. Distance = 600 km Let the speed of passenger train = x km/hr then speed of express train = (x + 8) knvr 600, Time taken by passenger tain = hr 600, and by express train =< According to the question, 0 000 x res oon 4 xe8ex eat xUe+ 8) 200 240 so > Peer 240 = P+ 8r=1920 = x7+ &r-1920=0 = x7 + 48v— 40x ~1920=0 f 1929 = 48(40) 348-40 = x(t + 48)— 40 (x — 48)= e+ 48) (e~ 40)=0 Fither x +48 = 0, then x= ~ 48 Butt snot possible being nepative ors 40 =0, then x= 40 <. Speed of passenger train = 40 kev/h 8. A grocer bought some baskets of fruit for © 1500, Five baskets of fruit were lost in transit, Ie sold each of the rest for €10 more than he paid for them and made neither profit nor loss. Find the number of baskets of fruit bought. Sol. Letx baskets of fruit be bought, 15001500 _ ar ie 150x ~ 150(¢ ~ 5) = 32 ~ Sx xt Sr-750=0 x= 30, (25 invalid) 9. A man’s stride is x em long and his wife's stride is 15 em shorter. He covers 30 m in 10 steps less than his wife, Frame an ‘equation in x and solve it Sol. Man’s, stride = x em Wife's stride = (® — 15) om Distance = 30 m= 3000 em3000 3000 No. of steps of each = >, x /x-15 3000 3000 == 10. (dividing by 10) 3005 — 3008 + 4500 — x? ~ 15x P= 181-4500 = 0 = (x-75)(x + 60)=0 LEaT5 10, Sol. . number u S A two-digit positive number is such that the product of its digits is 18. 1f 27 is subtracted from it, the digits interchange their places. Find the number. in a two digit number, product of two digits = 18 Let unit digit =x 18 then tens digit = Number = +10 By interchanging the digits 18 unit digit and tens digit = x +10x According to the condition 9x2 + 2h Dividing by 9. 24 3y- 18-0 2+ Gr-3x-18=0 (8+ 6)-3 +6) 1e2=0 S&H e-3)=0 Either x +6 =0, then possible as itis negative orx-3=0,thenx=3 180 — 6 which is not 180 2. Number =x +82 23 4 180-3 + 69-63 x 3 Board Paper Questions 1. The distance by road between two towns A and B, is 216 km, and by rail itis 208 kkm, A car travels at a spoed of x krw/h and the train travels ata speed which is 16 km! h faster than the ear. Calculate (@) The time taken by the car to reach town B from A, in terms of x ; (i) The time taken by the train, to reach town B, from A, in terms of x; (ii) Ifthe train takes 2 hours less than the car, to reach town B, obtain an equation in x, and solve it (iv) Hence, find the speed of the train, [1998] Sol. Distance by road between two towns Aand B=216 kn and distance by rail = 208 km Speed of car = x kavhr Speed of train = (& + 16) km/hr () Time taken by car to reach B town = 216 (i) Time taken by train to reach B town 208 +16 (ii) According to the question, 208 x x+l6 216(x+16) -208x x(x +16) => 216s +3456 ~ 208r = 2s (x + 16) = By 4 3456= 252 + 320 = 2x7 + 32x- Br - 456 =0 » 224 Udy 34560 = 2+ 12r-1728=0 =o 32 + 48x —36x— 1728-0 f > x (e+ d8)— 36 (r+ d8)=0 = (x +48) (36) =0 (Dividing by 2)Either x + 48 = 0, then not possible being negative or x—36 =O then x= 36 (iv) 2. Speed of car = 36 knvhr and speed of train = 36 + 16 = $2 km/hr 2. A trader buys x articles for a total cost of 600. (2) Write down the cost of one articte in terms of x. If the cost per article were 5 more, the number of articles that ean be bought for & 600 would be four less (ii) Write down the equation in x for the above situation and solve itt find x. [1999] Sol, Number of articles = x Total cost =~ 600 48 which is () Cost toile = 0 (S045) praia fie snr ot its ) Now, t-0(SP+5) 600 = 06 + 53-2029 = ga = Sx? -2400 - 20% = 0. = 2 — Ae — 48 = x? - Day + 20x - 481 = x (e=24) +20 (24) 0 = (x -2) (e+20)=0 Fither x 24= 0, then x= 24 or x +20 =, then x =~ 20 which is impossible being negative x= 3. The hotel bill fora numberof people for ‘overnight stay is % 4800/- If there were 4 tore, te blleach person had poy would have reduced by % 200/-. Find the number of people staying overnight, {2000} Sol. Amount of stl bill= 4900 If cost will be (Dividing by 5) Let number of people = x 4800 Share of each person =*— In second case, number of people =x + 4 800 then bill ofeach person =< According to the question, 4500 _ 4800 x+4 = : |= +4 ot x(x+4) ~ 4800 24 ——e By St = 96 sh Ay 96=0 22+ 12x 8x95 = 0. = + -96=12x(-8) = x (r+ 12)-8 (r+ 12)=0 (+12) @-8)=0 Either x + 12 = 0, then x =~ 12 which is not possible being negative ors—8=0, then = 8 Number of people = 8 4. Anaeroplane travelled disunce of 400 kmatan average speed of x kmv/h, On the retum journey, thespeed was increased by 40k, Writedown, an expression for the time taken for (i) The onward joumey; ii) The return journey. If the retun journey took 30 minutes less. than the enward journey, write down an u equation in x and find its value, [2002] Sol. Distance Speed Time 400 Onward 400 km xkmih Oh 400 Return 400 km (°-+ 40) kmvh gh 401 Sol. In the figure Dif. in time = 30 min = > hour 400400 1 x x+40 2 oor + 16000 400% 1 & Pear 72 ax 2 40x ~ 32000 = 0 A EN x? + 200x — 160x - 32000 = 0 (+ 200) (x= 160) =0 Mien x= 160 (-200 not valid) 5. In an auditorium, seats were arranged in rows and columns. The number of rows, ‘was equal to the number of seats in each row. When the number of rows was radii of two circles with centres P and Q doubled and the number of seats in each are 9 em and em row was reduced by 10, the total number The third circle with centre R and radius x of seats increased by 300, Find ‘om touches the two circles externals, such (i) The number of rows in the original that ZPRQ= 90° arrangement. Now in right APQR, PQ= 17 em, (i) The number of seas in the auditorium after PR=9+x0m rearrangement (2003) QR=(2 +x) om Sol No.of No of seats Total no. According to the pythagoras theorem, rows in each row of seats PR2+ QR?= PQ? Origin! x * xe +9 4 b+ 2 = IT? Later 2x x10 Daf 10) PF IRE HT Ha Hd + d= 289 ‘The total no. of increased by 300 = : = = BES Wee = (Dividing by 2) #2 ~20r- 300 = 0 3 P+ ITy— Gr 102=0 4 = et 1300-9 Ls 102 =17(-6) (30) @ +10) =0 Tele x= 30, (= 10 is not valid) (i) 30 rows originally aie 1) 6G) =0 3 +17) 6) =0 (ii) No. of seats in the second arrangement Either x + 17 = O then x= — 17 which not = 52 + 300 = 900 + 300 = 1200 possible being negative 6. P and Q are centres of circles of radius 9 orx—6=0, then r= 6 em and 2 em respectively. PQ = 17m. R Hence x is the centre of a circle of radius x cm, 7. By increasing the speed ofa car by 10 knv/h, which touches the above cireles externally the time of journey for a distance of 72 km Given that ZPRQ= 99°, write an equation is reduced by 36 minutes. Find the original in x and solve it. (2004) speed of the car. {2005}:. Time Let original speed of a car =x kin/hr Distance = 72 km s. In second case, *. time taken speed of the ear = (x-+ 10) km 2 F+10 hr According to the question, Sol. +. Number of books purchased =© sig 2+ Me = 1200 Pere “Tap Pt Mem 2+ 10r—1200=0 P+ doy ~ 302 1200 { ¥ (x +40) ~ 30 (x + 40) =0 Either x + 40 = 0, then x not possible, being negative orx 30 =0, then x= 30 Driginal speed of the car = 30 kmvir ~ 40 which is A shopkeeper buys a certain number of books for 8720. Ifthe eost per book was £5 less, the number of books that could be bought for 8720 would be two more Taking the original cost of each book to be. Es, write an equation in x and solve it 12006) Original cost of each book = @ x Total amount = 2 720 z In second case, cost of each book &(x~ 5) 0 thon number of books ==; According to the question, m7 x-S x = 7/ rext5 2 (1-5) ~ 720 a Base "300 = x2 Sx = 1800 = x7 ~ Sx ~ 1800-0 = x7 — 45x + 40x = 1800 =0 fr -1800, to -s- = ¥(e—45) +40 (45)=0 = («= 45) (e+ 40) =0 Fither x= 450, then or x + 40 = 0 then x =~ 40 which is not possible being negative. x=45 + Original price of each book = @ 45 9, Five years ago, a woman's age was the square of her son's age. Ten years hence her age will be wwvice that of her son's age. Find (i) The age of the son five years ago (i) Thepresent age ofthe woman, 2007] So Mother Son 5 years ago 2 + Present e+s x45 10 years hence x2 + 1S x + 15 415 = 26+ 15) 22 ae = 15 (-5) (e+ 3)=010. Sol. ~ Share of each student =p x= 5, (3 not possible) Age of son 5 years ago = 5 years The present age of mother = 5 +5 = 25 + 5= 30 years ‘Some students planned a picnic, The budget for the food was € 480. As eight of them failed t0 join the pary, the cost of the food for each member increased by € 10. Find how many students went for the picnic (2008) ‘Total budget for the Food = & 480 Let number of students Share ofeach student -@ 482 In second case, number of students ox 8 480. 8 According to the question, 480 480 —-— =10 x-8 ox Loa #05 y}10 xoxt8 _ 10 x8) du x(x =24) + 16 (r-24) =0 GW e+16-0 Eitherx - 240, then x = 24 or x +16 = 0, then x =~ 16 but it is not possible being negative x e24 -*. Number of students who went to pienie = 24 a. ‘The speed of an express train is x km/h and the speedof an ordinary train is 12 km’ hr less than that of the express train. Ifthe ordinary train takes one hour longer than the express tain t cover a distance of 240 km, find the speed of the express train 12000) Speed of express train =x km/hr and speed of an ordinary train = (x ~ 12) kmhr Distance to he covered = 240 km 240 2. Time taken by express tain =— hr and time taken by ordinary train 240 My =n ‘According the question, 240 _ 240 =r wwf x2 x} sere? 1 x(r—12) — 240 219 240 => x7 ~ 12x = 2880 = x? - 12x 2880 = = 2-601 + 48x —2880 =0 2880 = ~60x 48 =12=-60+48 u x (60) + 48 (60) =0 (x ~ 60) + 48)=0 Either x ~ 60 ~ 0, then x~ 60 or. + 48 = 0, then x possible being negative x= 60 peed of express train = 60 kn 12. % 480 is divided equally among ‘s’ children. Ifthe number of children were 20 more than exch would have got €12 less. Find “x po u = 48 which is not Sol. Total amount = % 480Number of children = x 480 :. Each child’s share In second case, Number of children = x+ 20 480 ¥+20 Now each child’s share = According to the condition, 480480 _ ree 14 aso (1 7 ( x0) 1a x(e+20) ~ 480 0 x 420x410 x2 +20r-800=0 22 + 40 ~ 20x ~ 800 = 0 f * -800 = 40 (-20) =ex7 + 2x = 800 u 20=40-20 = x (e +40) ~ 20 +40) =0 = (+40) (x-20) = 0 Either x + 40 = 0, then x not possible being negative orx-20=0, then x20 s. Number of children = 20 1B, 40 which is A car covers a distance of 400 km at a certain speed. Had the speed been 12 km/h ‘more, the time taken for the journey would hhave been I hour 40 minutes less. Find the original speed of the car, (2012) Sol. In second case = speed = (x + 12) knw/hr 400. 412 -. Time taken = brs Acvording to the question, 400 400 x x12 am (4-1) 5 x x42) 3 i 3x40 80 xtld-x x(r+12) sox? + 12x = 2880 12x 240 = x7 + 12e-2880=0 + -208 = 60%(-48) 37+ 60s —48y—2880 = 0 x (r+ 60)—48 (x + 60) (+ 60) (~ 48) Either x + 60 = 0, then x =~ 60 which is not possible being negative ors 48 = 0 then x= 48, 48 knvbr Without solving the following quadratic equation, find the value of ‘m’ for which thegiven equation has real and equal roots 2 +2(m-l)x+(m+5) (2012) P+ 2m 1) x +(m +5) uug Original speed of car 4 0 Comparing with ax? + br +¢=0 im —1),€ +S Be dae = Yim 1P 41m +S 1? = 4(m + 3) (m2 + 1 — 2m) — 4m - 20 = 4m? + 4 — 8m — 4m—20 = 4m? - 12m -16 +The rotsare real and equal 2 D=0 2: 4m? ~ 12m 16 = 4(m? — 34) = m2 —4m+m—=> m(m 4) + lim —4)=0 6 = (m-4)(m=1)=0 Reverse no, = 10x > +x Either m ) then m= 4 Noi9° Ravetio No: or m+ 1=0, then m= 1 Hence m = 4,—1 ca 15. A shopkeeper purchases a certain number ~ (of bocks for € 960. If the cost per book + was €8 less, the number of books that @ could be purchased for 950 would be 4 more, Write an equation, taking the original cost af each book to be &x, and solve it ta find the original cost of the books. [2013] (~ 3) 2)=0 , 3 not possible Sol. Total cost Cost per book No. of m'ftet oom 4 Sar hee Number = 10x-+ = (10% 2)+ 5 = 28 960 17, Sum of to natural numbers is 8 and the 960 x ee 2 * difference oF their reciprocals is j= Find 960 960 8) ; the numbers. {2015} z Sol. Summ of 2 numbers = 8 4 more books can be bought Let the 2 aumbers be x and 8 ~ x 20 70 Dividing by 4 = Dividing by 4) = 240240 B-xtx_2 x-8 ox x(@-x) 15 240x ~ 240(x— 8) = 2? — Sr 120= 2 (@e -33) 20x ~ 240x + 1920= 3? - Br g-a sare x= &~ 1920-0 ~5) (r= 3)=0 joaye toc & 96-9 2448 (A) not valid) 16. A two digit positive number is such that the product ofits digits 6 If 9 is added 18 A bus covers a distance of 240 km at a to the aumber, the digits interchange their uifrm speed. Due to heavy rain its speed pisbes clad nee 2014} gets eeduced by 10 km/h and as such it Sol. Product of digits = 6 takes two hours longer to covers the total distaace. Assuming the wnifoom speed to be ‘x knv, form an equation and solve it Units digit = © to evaluate x 2016) 7 Sol. Time taken by the bus moving at speed x ‘The numbers are 5 and 3. Let ten’s digit be xTime taken by the bus moving at speed (x 10) kms - 4° = 10) kon = 2, ‘According to the given condition, 240 240 x10 an rot > 7 10 1 acetto = 120 © xe-10) = 7 10r- 1200-0 = x7 ~ 40x + 30x ~ 120¢ = x(x ~ 40) + 300 40) = (= 40) (e+ 30=0 = x-40=Dorx+30=0 30 Since, the speed cannot be negative, the Uniform speed is 40 kin jolve the equation x7 ~ 3{r + 3) = 0; Give your answer correct to two significant figures [2016] Sol. 2-3 + 3) 3 x= 40 ore 19. wt3y-9=0 a= 1b=-3,6 ye ~b+vb? —4ac 2a 2 DEVE 4-9) aah 0 LE 2 34 V9%5 ae 2 343V5 | 3S x= ES ox = 2S 34(2.236) | 3-3(2.236) an Se Se 346.708 3-6.708 z = 2 = x= 4854 oF “1.854 =x A185 20. The sum of the ages of Vivek and his younger brother Amitis 47 years. The product oftheir ages is $50. Find their ages. 85 or [2017] Sol. Let Vivek’s age =x years Younger brother's age = y= (47 - x) [ox+y=47,y=47-a] Product of their ages is $50 2. 47x) = 550 = 4x2 = 550 2-47 + 550-0 = xP - 2-2 + 550=0 Younger broth 21. Find the value of & for which the following equation has equal roots. [2018] 2+ dix + (P-k+2)=0 Sol. x? + dhe + (P - k +2) b= ak o— 4ac For equal roots,P-4ac=0 = UP = [4x 1x (Pk + 2]=0 16K? ~ (Ak? - 4k + 8)= 0 2. 16K? = 442 + 4k - 8 = 0 122 + 4k-8=0 32 + k-2.= 0 dividing by 4 2 W+3k-%-2=0 3+) -26 + = 0 Gk-2Dk+)=0 ee ste eee aaaae 22, 87500 were divided equally amonga certain number of children, Had these been 20 less children, each would have received % 100 ‘more. Find the original number of children. (2018) Sol. Let the no. of chiléren be x Amount = 77500 -. Bach child will get New number = x ~ 20 Amount = 77500 7500x ~ 7500(x~20) x= 20) 7500 7500x + 150000 ~ 100 (x2 20s) :. 150000 = 100(x? — 20x) ss 2-200 1500 = 0 x2 50x + 30x ~ 150 50) + 30 (~~ 50) =0 (= 50) (+ 30) 2: x7 50 or:x=-30 but.x eannot be negative, xO Original number of children = 50 Ans. 23 The product of two consecutive natural numbers which are multiples of 3, is equal to 810. Find the two numbers. [2019], Sol. Let the two consecutive numbers that are multiple of 3 be 3x and 3x + 3. Given, Product of two numbers = 810 3xGx + 3) = 810 9xte #1) = 810 consecutive si0 wet =p = 0 22+ 10x - 9x90 = 0 2x + 10) 9x + 10)= 0 (> 100-9) = Is + 10-0=92=-10 It is not natural number Ix-9=0>%=9 3x9=27 =3%94+3=30 24, The difference of 2 natural numbers is 7 and. their product is 450. Find the numbers. Numbers are 3 and 3x + [2020] Sol. Let the numbers be x and y [According the given condition xeys? = yex-7 @ ay = 450 ii) from (#) and (it) x2 25x + 18x 450=0 25) +18 @r- 25) (x-25) (a+ 18) ifx+18=0—% 18 itis not natural no. if x25 = 0 =9 x= 25, y= 25-77 18 Required numbers are 25 and 18