Cao

Sio2
Al2o3
Fe2o3
3Cao.Sio2 (C3 S )
 Na2o
K 2o

Concrete Concer
Alkali-Silica Reaction
Na2o 0.658K2O 0.6%

C3 S ??

C2 S ??

C3 A ??

C4 AF ??
 Fe2o3 Al2o3 Sio2 So3 Cao

C3 S 4.07(Cao) 7.60(Sio2 ) 6.72( Al2o3 ) 1.43Fe2o3 2.83(So3 )

C4 AF 3.04( Fe2o3 )
Cao
Sio2
Al2o3
Fe2o3
So3
Na2o
K2o
 C3S= 54.1%
C2S= 16.6%
C3A= 10.8%
XRD
C4AF=9.1%
XRD
 XRD

XRD
XRD

Bruker XRD

XRD X Ray Diffraction XRD

 Loss on Ignition LOI

1gr

LOI

IR Insoluble Residue -

IR IR
C3 S H 2O C S H CH C3 S

C3 S2 H 3 CH Ca(OH 2 )

Cao H 2O C-S-H -
7< PH > 14 -
CH -
Sio2
 C2 S
C2 S H 2O C S H CH

C3 A
C3 A H 2O C A H

C4 AF

C3S C2S -
C3S C2S -
C4 AF C3 A -
 I
II

III
IV

C3 S , C2 S

C4 AF , C3 A
 120 cal/gr C3 S

60 cal/gr C2 S

207 cal/gr C3 A

100 cal/gr C4 AF
C3 A, C4 AF

C3 S

C2 S
CaSo4 C4 AF C3 A C2 S C3 S Type
2.9 8 12 18 56
2.8 12 6-MAX(8) 29 46
3.9 8 12-MAX(15) 12 60 III
2.9 13 5-MAX(7) 46 30 IV
2.7 12 4-MAX(5) 36 43

I
 III

Blain Blain

I
III
 IV
V
II

v
IV
II

I
II
III
 III

I III

:IV
IV

IV
cold joint

Mass Concrete

Crack Micro Crack

II V IV

Sulfate Attack
 V

V
II
II
 PCA ACI

PPM)

I 0-0.1% 0-150
II 0.1-0.2% 150-1500
V 0.2-2% 1500-10000
+V >2% >10000
I
Feo
(Blast furnace slag cement slag cement

-
ASTM -
-

C-S-H
Cao/sio2)
Cao+AL2O3+Mgo)/Sio2>1.2

II

-
-
 C-S-H -
-

Volcanic Ash

(Fly Ash
Micro Silica
Silca Fume
 SF/CM

Fineness of cement
-
m^2/kg -

ASTM Blain
 Blain=280 300 m^2/kg I
=2800 3000cm^2/gr

20000m^2/kg

Blain<320 m^2/kg -
Blain -
cement set
initial set
final set

-
-
-
-
-
 Flash set
False set

-
soundness of cement

QC
Cao
Mgo

Blain

-
II
 Aggregates

Corse Aggregates CA

Fine Aggregates FA
 -
-

fc<40Mpa
 rounded aggregate
irregular aggregate
angular
flaky
elongated

-
-
-
 -
-
-

fc<40Mpa
-
-
 Grading
-

1.5ing=38mm
3/4ing=19mm
3/8ing=9.5mm
4ing=4.76mm

8ing=2.36mm
16ing=1.18mm
30ing=0.6mm
50ing=0.3mm
100ing=0.15mm
-
- Dense
0.3mm

-
-

Finenss Modulus F.M

2 < FM < 4
2.3 FM 3.1
 SE
SE
-
OK -
2.3 FM 3.1 -

dmax=??

1/3
1/5

dmax

dmax
 RPC

Reative Powder Concrete

Dmax 0.4 mm
fc>200 Mpa

dmax 19
dmax 12.5mm
Bulking of Sand

-
-
 oven dry
dry
S.S.D
wet

S.S.D
S.S.D -
-

S.S.D
ASTM33

100 3/8 in
95-100 4 in
80-100 8 in
50-85 16 in
25-60 30 in
10(5)-30 50 in
0-10 100 in

2.3 F.M 3.1

Deleterious Substances
-
-
-
Soundness -
-
-
-
-
-
 Admixtures

Accelerating Admixtures

Air-
Anti-

CaCL2

I IV
 -
-
Plasticizer
-
-
-
45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
 SCC Self Compacting Concrete

-
-
-
w/c = 0.25-0.3 -

BASF Glenium 110P

Cryso Optima 270 -
Fosroc Structro 330 -
Viscocrete -

-
-
-
 fresh concrete

workability

segregation

viscosity

Bleeding

Hardened Concrete
fc
capping
ES= 200000 MPA , S= 0.35
EC= 20000 MPA , c= 0.17
 ACI

fc<20 *1.25 fc<25

*0.8

+5Mpa fc> 25
-5 Mpa
25/1.02 = 24.5 Mpa

24.5 + 5 = 29.5

29.5 * 0.9 = 26.5 Mpa

 Rate of Loading
Mpa/sec
-
-
-
-

30 Mpa -
-
30 Mpa

30/0.25 = 120 sec

120/4 = 30
30/1.12 = 26.5 Mpa

-
-
-

w/c