Se Se as Ula)=2 3 2 n(a@) = 6 A(G) = = n(G)- x(4)+) = 6-24) =5 ot XG) & n(G)- «(4)+) (sabi) Count t Peo Colorings Qeliniton % qe REN a on re G, the voles X%Cask) % th ruciee of proper edovigs va) LR} + hin fe] dint he HP fe, {tok Y She se of avo colors [kJ = {ren ky, ond dhe R Colors pug noP all be oo es ‘= Choagi the © ners of dhe Colors an ane uaa prlues & aff evel? coloring (ak) ap oll the chremohe nomial of qe a. HY % a fabnaniet im Rf cepa (6).* Enambu: (Kosh) vatuord Kn, caand’ be eo cue jor 19fen use Celene dh colors ehrozen easlier “ a) fer df yy freuo ° Ter the dr vertin, We howe hovers , der the 29 vain, we have (R- available choius — ( ) Beerdly fe the nth yokin, we ke (0-) is kens| — choies & color By Prada? Rok, Cig) 2K (ha) CR Chen) Cheameke | Pabyromisl oye Gi Nkn sb) = kCh) (ht)... temas) 7 - (Asns1) “ye % OKs y) ard x (4-1) ; (4-2) ) we z= 4x3 xg" Sad of Tha kG ponibe : wang? of the ( tb a avarlab 4 a t he 4 The chromate polynemiad of LGB (Kay b) = (RW) (Ret) = BRERA,MX (Ke 5 &) Ky» te comple? ge with n Vota . Ky ean ebelin i with (s0lako yer Beas. n Caen edoreg he verter of eS «= fm hb aveilabk colors al” tach vakn, ng malttr wha? colors we have wD a? other vebtes ’ © hy ae eelow cAviten ab eweay - vin 0 ' uy Produce? Ru X (Rey) = Pr re are) eK" Chrometic Pobyeni of ke #® X (Rash) = B” [Nore]: + The valu of % (Kos &) whe kin b 0 This v Aueaun , 7 6 neP ponible fo han 4 roper color Ky Wai a 7 7% ¢. 1m for, X(Gsk) will haw vole 0 fo poem eis Cae ree amie x(G) colors will be needed to have a Peeper cderig 6e tu To in raph 7 a de Aang fo hawt & 100. veskion a all fhe — othr Verhes to the — dtneinolands of the root, a 4b - a ve h e t i verter, Hea, X(T) = ACA)™ Prog: xp T bo tre. Choose some Vell’m VT as A root we on color Vm RR ways, ;@z) J we etlinol a prope coforing fo nto wet ee, gro the ~ tree fro v, a each stp only dhe“, color y the P vatin 9 Forbidelin, Md ince we have (h-1) Chorin for coloring He new velo, Subocquntly UT) = Ch) Gn) CP @-) time 3 (Tk) =k (Ra + [Resboson [: osttion [3 Cheom ate — onan MP, ey 2 %* OH) Crd) Cr Gr) a 3.” 1 ("-1) Caer) + (a- 41) y BG) denote The. number of feshtions ¥ va) infor non- enby ieee? sus, tha, 1G; &) 2 Z fC@) Rey thih fe wd mk gy dypre nla (ella the Corea){wore | 3 ort "7 arth GQ with ordee nn, thre Yn only 6me oe fe / V(G) ine. Sn no - “enply te r (@ cohen 7 peda Sb a q s+ 41), thufore, | fa (@)= 1 abraay ee ee | ie a nine te vole a C | ene nen - eonp itll? ‘dp Cote will confain 1 a the vestias ) we is m ! fil) al a te a= k, Othawise for alk offer (Ph wha colin oP bas? — one ‘ ti (4)=0 Bid he. shames Aetmiahs of C4 Sd. en gern : ee TE as c ney 48 PBR nS Tey fi) = 0 oe Hh i, no io g vO) tera inert? © uh bs (G) = = 1 on! v6) ean be porters into a Unolfn oltwP “tds th ony 4 wey {aey ad ThA & ont voy folG) = 2 mm ta om he 2 woe of fi V(G) in 3 Taper. "2{a}. (bay, fe} © aw wry fac}, {8Y, 14} © othe wey fel 2 1% V(G) on be Par btroned) ink, N G8 Endapenolual? sels Vin 5 Orly One Way fay, Coy Tey, OT, 0 Chromatic priyoamal 4 C, Y (ask) 2 Pil) key + PG) Rey + fol key + po (4) Rey = ort RR 4 k(k-) (R-2) 41 RCRD (R2) (R-3) A k (Ri) (he- 3k #3) | (Aus) * Nore : Com bg - the, chromakix p Anita Len Phas tag ai me grill, persibl, tinue ture ote too 'wisay’ * ashton” ts eonilee. Thi, id" sidusdte” Cempulthon to fide chromatic piyreriol og &. ie ives fonieuly, Go Beals te qh ee y conteacleg the. ee e Sina, Pe ruebre r , cate wo io uneffect, by he py uli 9 he, SO im G8, we olicentg — muuliple copia of thoP may ise gem contrac fon , Hans ig only On hy Gf each te fom a 7 imp gyof h 2 a simbh qt ad @€E(G), HCG sk) = 0% (Ge sk)~ K(G.esk) Erarpl : Prope a ¥ Cy Chramake 4 Pabyienel of Cy 4 | VG) ot Con} : Cy.85% N By Ohrematic —- Yeung , tot have, : of XK Ceask) se WG (Cyte sk) x Coy eK) ] = X Cusk)—- Xbb) = (kA)? - k(k-D (h-2) | = (Re (RE 2k 43) 5.3.1, Compu? the (Ax). chromate Potyremiats 4 the iyr Qe). Ry_shesvetin R Ge be fe del ee) k (R-1)? Chez) a: C c 2 b 4 X(O%) = DAC) how el +f (0) key = kay + 1, (6) Ray 3 = filorkey fi + fy C4) keay Neon, fas? frcare % \ fo (= 2 {oj}, HY, tet covey fay, {bd}. E28} < offer way pul) = ! ‘ x (a; b) = 040+ 2 ACh) (h-2) + 1. RCR-Y (k-2) (k-3) = k(k-1)(k-2) [2+k-3] =z k(k-1) (k-2) (k-1) = R(k-)* (k-)@) Ont mulf pl copie 4 elon, we have, Modifia Gee fo + X(Gsk)= K (=e) = X(G-25k) =X (Pask) - % (Pak) 2 Agee ae = k(Ry (k-1-1) = k( Ra) (h-2) he “ela oto)” of thin 3 “ [> a [> Get DoModi fxd Greet XK (Gesk) = k (ba)? Ch-2) (Powe ‘im oP frctlem ) & XO x (O-e bk) x (G.e5k) [x(@-o-es*) . x(G-0.e'sk) | — RCkA)*CR-2) 1% (Gk) = X (Pik) - KX Cas) = k(ka)*Ck-2) u k Z y (hai)"- k(R-1) CR 3k — kCk-1)* (R-2) “9 = k(k- % ) (5k 9k 6) lfo oblain tree 5.3.2. Use ode chromate, sucwMuna A chremake — fotyniomial 9 with on ek, : “”d Sol. We woe tnoluchon on . (sto indu chon) Foe nel, : LOTR) = R ee RO Wem, — contrack yan yw welen Tre haven Cos ‘Crees Bid (r- 0 verter Dalek the Ms alls oa, rene 2 i catth Fe m and td for sore om sochef 1S mS @-1) X (Tsk) = % (Tarek) ~ X (Tae) [eco xe) u ‘2 x (Tre V3 sk) (Hel: Chromoke ead ® fu produ ef? geeph chromake ho of if emo)r SSSSER CSCO SOOOR SEER SCSERSESEESECEESSSERSSERSSECRSSECRSSECESESTESEEESEECRSSETRCESSRCSECRSSEER SEER SSSERSEE SR SESSRSEOERSEERSESERCEOEE SESE SEOREOEESEES @9 3 COT) RC CeO — e(Ra)T eke (Ryn Ce 2 kT ym RR) 2 kN CD ee [pov]: | 6.o4. ) Prove thep : % Cn;k) = (R-1) + (-1)" (k-1) on WM. Sa. Usig sty Unelueti en B.s. Fer = 3, x (Cask) = RCRD CK) 2 (kay? Gn Ce) Ls. yp the STetroval! he Tame fn cycle forte gn ot x Cask) = & Gas = x (en-esk) = x (Pask) - A Cais) =k y= [ncn Ce)aX Gik)e ale - ay"! =(-)oo (ey) = RY (RD - Ga) RY) . Ry" + Co” ) . [pr] (b) Kor He AVR, * pros the? Hee xtusk)= &X Gsky From this a pur (a), pnd te chremate fatyoamial gf the thu Ci VK, Shs tp nm te the van Comten kK) adhd fo G fo oblain H, ay oy, proper coloring the color uae o fee Diy hk reP H Bost Ak wry eller combines ote Ly te X (Gs #1) ange fp proper colr Ww wer 9g H te foimy a prope coanieg of. H toe UH) RX (G;k-1) Ne, H (Cave 5 by) = RX Cash3% (CaVK sk) = ble" + CORY] = R(k-2)%+ CD” R(R-2). &)