38 Chủ Điểm Từ Vựng Thiết Yếu Cho IELTS

Tú Phạm - Trần Đức Phương Anh
Chủ điểm
38IELTS7.0+
TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO
38 Essential Vocabulary Topics for IELTS 7.0+
elts
A book that helps you improve
your IELTS Writing & Speaking
A book with:
- 38 academic vocabulary topics
-in-context practice exercises

- 38 sample IELTS essays
PN
NHÀ XUẤT BẢN PHỤ NỮ VIỆT NAM
Tú Phạm - Trần Đức Phương Anh
Chủ điểm
38IELTS7.0+

(In lần thứ ba)
A book that helps you improve

your IELTS Writing & Speaking
A book with:
38 academic vocabulary topics

-in-context practice exercises
- 38 samples IELTS essays

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
Liệu các bạn có ngạc nhiên nếu biết tôi – thầy Tú Phạm – cũng từng có những ngày cấp 2 học
hành“chểnh mảng”, những ngày cấp 3 bỏ bằng không học chữ tiếng Anh nào. Bất chợt vào cuối
cấp 3 và năm đầu đại học, tôi nhận ra việc giỏi tiếng Anh có thể khơi mở cho mình cả một chân
trời mới. Nhìn lại bạn bè cùng lớp toàn “siêu nhân” tiếng Anh tôi càng quyết tâm “làm lại từ đầu”.
Nhưng “từ đầu” là từ đâu? Lúc đó tôi chỉ là một cậu học trò 17, 18 tuổi hoàn toàn lạc phương
hướng trên “biển” tiếng Anh, với kiến thức bập bõm mỗi thứ biết một tí.
Một ngày kia, tôi tìm thấy một cuốn sách, tôi nhớ mang máng tiêu đề “54 bài luận TOEFL” (hồi
đó TOEFL PBT đang rất phổ biến). Trong cuốn sách chỉ toàn những bài luận mẫu có kèm đôi chút
chú thích và giải nghĩa. Tôi bắt đầu“hì hụi” chép bài mẫu, tra từ điển và chú thích từng từ mới bên
cạnh mỗi bài, đồng thời ghi lại những cụm từ hay. Vừa chép tôi vừa nghĩ bụng giá như cuốn sách
có phần giải nghĩa đầy đủ hơn thì cậu học trò “lười” như tôi đã không mất công tới thế.
Càng học, tôi càng nhận ra những hạn chế của phương pháp học này. Thứ nhất, những từ
mới tôi học được từ cuốn sách đang ở dạng “chết”, vì hoàn toàn không có bài tập hay tình huống
cụ thể để ứng dụng. Thứ hai, “núi” từ vựng mà tôi học trong cuốn sách chẳng hề có chủ điểm rõ
ràng hay được sắp xếp một cách hệ thống. Các chủ điểm được sắp xếp rất lộn xộn, khó theo dõi
và khó liên hệ với nhau.
Về sau khi đang luyện thi IELTS, tôi đã được giới thiệu một cuốn sách về từ vựng học thuật
của tác giả David Porter (Check Your Vocabulary for Academic Enghlish). Cuốn này cũng khá ổn,
nhưng vấn đề lớn nhất là các từ vựng không được đưa vào những văn cảnh, những bài luận
tiếng Anh học thuật mà chỉ là các bộ từ vựng rời rạc.
Đã hơn 12 năm từ ngày đó, tôi không còn là một cậu học sinh cấp 3 mò mẫm đi tìm bài luận
mẫu nữa. Ngạc nhiên thay, giờ tôi đã trở thành thầy giáo dạy tiếng Anh tại IPP Education, sau khi
du học bậc thạc sĩ tại Anh và đã đạt 8.5 IELTS/8.0 Writing. Nghề giáo viên cho tôi cơ hội được tiếp
xúc với hàng ngàn bạn trẻ yêu thích việc học tiếng Anh và IELTS, để tôi chợt nhận ra tới giờ phút
này các bạn vẫn đang gặp phải những vấn đề y như câu chuyện 12 năm trước của tôi” có danh
sách từ vựng thì thiếu bài tập, có bài tập thì không có văn cảnh để áp dụng, chỗ nào có văn cảnh
và bài luận thì thiếu bài tập luyện từ vựng, và các chủ điểm thì lộn xộn, không quy củ.
Chính vì thế nên suốt gần 5 năm tích lũy kinh nghiệm đi day, tôi đã quyết định bắt tay vào
viết cuốn 38 chủ điểm từ vựng thiết yếu cho IELTS 7.0+ hằng đêm sau mỗi giờ giảng dạy trên
lớp. Đây là cuốn sách là cậu học trò hồi đó là tôi từng mơ ước sở hữu. Một cuốn sách gồm đầy đủ
danh sách từ vựng, bài tập áp dụng, văn cảnh và cuối cùng là bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh. Các bài mẫu
cũng được sắp xếp theo nhóm chủ điểm, để người học dễ dàng học từng nhóm một và về sau
dễ dàng tra cứu lại.
3
38 CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Rất may mắn khi thực hiện dự án này, tôi đã nhận được sự giúp đỡ quý báu của cô Phương
Anh, đồng tác giả cuốn sách, dù lúc đó cô còn đang bận rộn với những tháng cuối trong khóa
học thạc sỹ Giảng dạy tiếng Anh tại Australia.
Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn các bạn học sinh, nguồn cảm hứng và cũng là kho kinh nghiệm
thực tế để tôi hoàn thành cuốn sách này. Thầy hi vọng các em sẽ có những trải nghiệm hữu ích
với cuốn sách và đạt điểm IELTS mà các em mong muốn.
Cảm ơn những người đồng nghiệp tại IPP Education đã giúp tôi có rất nhiều ý tưởng trong
quá trình hoàn thiện cuốn sách.
Cuối cùng, tôi muốn gửi lời cảm ơn tới những người thân, đặc biệt là vợ tôi, đã luôn đứng sau
tôi ủng hộ tôi trong suốt quá trình viết sách kéo dài nửa năm này.
Hà Nội, tháng 4/ 2018
Tú Phạm.
VỀ TÁC GIẢ
Thầy Tú Phạm (chủ biên) đã hướng dẫn gần 150 bạn đạt IELTS 7.0 trở lên,
trong đó gần 30 bạn đạt IELTS 8.0 - 8.5. Hiện thầy là Chủ nhiệm của IPP Education I
tại Hà Nội và Sài Gòn.
Cô Trần Đức Phương Anh - giảng viên kiêm thành viên Hội đồng Học thuật tại IPP
Education. Cô là thạc sỹ Giảng dạy tiếng Anh tại Australia và là cựu giảng viên tại Đại
học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội.
HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH HỌC
Kết cấu cuốn sách
Cuốn sách bao gồm 38 chủ điểm (vocabulary topic), được chia làm 10 nhóm, bao gồm:
Business - Crime - Culture and Tourism - Children - Education - Environment - Governments -
Individuals and Society - Transport - Technology.
Tổng thời gian bạn có thể hoàn thành trọn vẹn cuốn sách này là khoảng từ 20 - 40 giờ học.
Kết cấu mỗi bài học thật đơn giản và dễ theo dõi, bao gồm:
- Một list từ đã được giải nghĩa;
- Từ 1-2 bài tập, ở nhiều dạng khác nhau như sắp xếp lại câu và dịch câu;
- Cuối cùng là bài tập điền từ vào một bài luận với văn cảnh và phân ý rõ ràng. Ngay cuối mỗi
bài học là đáp án để bạn tiện tra cứu.
Độ khó từ vựng
100% từ vựng trong các chủ điểm là từ vựng học thuật và phần lớn trong số đó ở trình độ
C1-C2, tức là từ 7.0 tới 9.0 IELTS. Tuy nhiên, bởi kết cấu cuốn sách đơn giản và bài tập rất rõ
ràng, không chỉ các bạn ở trình độ advanced mà các bạn từ trình độ pre-intermediate hoặc
intermediate đã có thể bắt đầu tiếp cận cuốn sách này.
Bài mẫu
100% bài mẫu được trình bày trong cuốn sách này do thầy Tú Phạm trực tiếp viết, với đề bài là
các đề thi IELTS thực tế đã triển khai tại Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2014 -2018. Bởi vậy, ngoài mục
tiêu học từ vựng, tất cả các bạn ôn luyện IELTS còn có thể sử dụng cuốn sách như bộ bài mẫu
tham khảo bổ ích, hiệu quả.
5
38 CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+ Y
MỤC LỤC
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 1: BUSINESS..

VOCABULARY SET 1: ADVERTISING (P.1). ..9
VOCABULARY SET 2: ADVERTISING (P.2). .15
VOCABULARY SET 3: COPYRIGHTS.. .21
VOCABULARY SET 4: RELOCATING BUSINESSES.. .27
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 2: CRIME.. .33
VOCABULARY SET 5: EDUCATING PRISONERS... .33
VOCABULARY SET 6: PRISONERS GIVING TALKS. .39
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 3: CULTURE AND TOURISM.. ..45
VOCABULARY SET 7: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM... ..45
VOCABULARY SET 8: LOCAL VS WORLD HISTORY.... ..51
VOCABULARY SET 9: MUSEUMS AND HISTORICAL SITES. .57
VOCABULARY SET 10: UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE.. ..63
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 4: CHILDREN.. .69
VOCABULARY SET 11: CHILDREN WATCHING TELEVISION.. .69
VOCABULARY SET 12: DELAYED PARENTHOOD... .75
VOCABULARY SET 13: GRAND PARENTS VS CHILDCARE CENTRES. .81
VOCABULARY SET 14: INDULGING CHILDREN.. .87
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 5: EDUCATION.. .93
VOCABULARY SET 15: CRITICISING TEACHERS. .93
VOCABULARY SET 16: GAP YEAR.. .99
VOCABULARY SET 17: HOME VS DORMITORIES.. .105
VOCABULARY SET 18: MUSIC AND SPORTS.... 111
VOCABULARY SET 19: SCIENCE EDUCATION..... .117
6
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 6: ENVIRONMENT... .123
VOCABULARY SET 20: ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGY... .123
VOCABULARY SET 21: NATURAL RESOURCES (P.1).. .129
VOCABULARY SET 22: NATURAL RESOURCES (P.2).. .135
VOCABULARY SET 23: INCREASING FUEL COST... .141
VOCABULARY SET 24: SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS.. .147
VOCABULARY SET 25: CAR-FREE DAYS.. .153
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 7: GOVERNMENTS....... .159
VOCABULARY SET 26: SUPPORTING ARTISTS. .159
VOCABULARY SET 27: HELPING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. .165
VOCABULARY SET 28: TAX ON FAST FOOD.. .173
VOCABULARY SET 29: BANNING DANGEROUS SPORTS. .179
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 8: INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY.. .185
VOCABULARY SET 30: SPORTS STARS AS ROLE MODELS. 185
VOCABULARY SET 31: DISRESPECTFUL ATTITUDE.. .191
VOCABULARY SET 32: LUCK AND SUCCESS. .197
VOCABULARY SET 33: ZOOS.. .203
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 9: TRANSPORT... ..209
VOCABULARY SET 34: BICYCLES. .209
VOCABULARY SET 35: PUBLIC TRANSPORT. ..215
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 10: TECHNOLOGY... .221
VOCABULARY SET 36: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (P.1).. .221
VOCABULARY SET 37: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (P.2).. .227
VOCABULARY SET 38: INVENTIONS... .233
7
-NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 1: BUSINESS
VOCABULARY SET 1: ADVERTISING (P.1)
Vocabulary:
1. bombard (v): oanh tạc, dồn dập tấn công (dùng cả nghĩa đen & nghĩa bóng)
2. conglomerate (n): tập đoàn
3. consume (v) – consumption (n): tiêu dùng, tiêu thụ
4. dominate (v): chi phối, khống chế
5. endorse (v): ủng hộ, tán thành
6. exaggerate (v): phóng đại
7. fallacy (n): ngụy biện, sai lầm

8. gain popularity (collocation): trở nên phổ biến, thu hút sự chú ý
9. merchandise (n): hàng hóa, thương phẩm
10. obsolete (adj): lỗi thời
11. predecessor (n): người đi trước, tiền nhiệm, sản phẩm đời trước
12. processor (n): bộ vi xử lý
13. revolutionary (adj): mang tính cách mạng, đột phá
14. saturate (v): bão hòa
15. tuberculosis (n): bệnh lao

Exercises:
Task 1: Fill in the blanks with suitable words/phrases

1. The troops the city, killing and injuring hundreds.
2. It is a common that women are worse drivers than men.
3. Gas lamps became when electric lighting was invented.
4. Since the US market has now been , drug dealers are looking to Europe.
5. He has
the whole event to make it sound rather more dramatic than it
actually was.
Task 2: Translate from Vietnamese to English
1. Nhiều người đã bị bắt giữ vì tham gia vào các hoạt động cách mạng.
2. Các tập đoàn tài chính chi phối nền kinh tế quốc gia, làm ảnh hưởng đến kế hoạch chi
tiêu của chính phủ.
3. Lao phổi là căn bệnh có thể gây chết người nếu không được chữa trị đúng cách.
4. Nhờ một loạt các mạng xã hội hỗ trợ/ trợ giúp, các bạn trẻ rất dễ thu hút được sự chú ý từ
cộng đồng mạng.
5. Mỗi nhà lãnh đạo mới đều đổ lỗi cho người tiền nhiệm vì những sai lầm trong quá khứ.
10
bombard (v) gain popularity (collocation)
conglomerate (n) merchandise (n)
consume (v) - consumption (n) obsolete (adj)
dominate (v) predecessor (n)
endorse (v) processor (n)
exaggerate (v) revolutionary (adj)
fallacy (n) saturate (v)
tuberculosis (n)
Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things that we reallydo not need. Others say that
advertisements tell us about new products that mayimprove our lives.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Recently, commercial advertisements have 1 a variety of television

channels, newspapers, magazines and websites. While some claim that this trend helps
popularise new goods that enhance people's living standards, I would contend that the main
result is the unnecessary 2 of goods by the public.
There is a common 3. that advertising is an important means to introduce
new and invaluable products to the public. People may argue that in the past, a number of
world-changing products 4 thanks to advertising, such as the success story
of electronic cigarette advertisements in the early 2000s, which were believed to have saved
millions from 5 and lung cancer. However, in more recent years, the market has
become 6 , leaving very little chance that one can invent a 7.
product that changes people's life. Even when there are such life-changing inventions, it is still
very unlikely that they can reach their potential customers through advertising channels, because
these channels tend to be owned, controlled or 8_ by 9
who have no top priority other than promoting their own 10
believe the main purpose of most advertisements is to persuade customers to make

I
a purchase regardless of their true needs. To meet sales targets, large companies often
11 the usefulness of a small feature of their products when advertising. For
example, the latest Samsung mobile phone seems no different from its 12_
except for a slightly faster 13. but Samsung marketers are skilful enough to
convince customers that their older phones are 14 and that these devices
must be upgraded to the latest version. Some other companies, including Unilever, have hired
11
celebrities to 15
their products, so as to appeal to customers who are fans of
these famous people. All these advertising techniques may promote sales, but are far less likely
to encouraging customers to purchase the goods they truly need.
In conclusion, advertising has been used as an important selling tool for many businesses,
whose primary goal is profit, rather than meeting customers' needs.
333 words, written by Tu Pham
12
Key:
Task 1:
1. bombarded 2. fallacy 3. obsolete 4. saturated 5. exaggerated
Task 2: Answers may vary
1. Many people were arrested for taking part in revolutionary activities.
2. Financial conglomerates have dominated the national economy, influencing the

governmental spending plans.
3. Tuberculosis can be fatal if not properly treated.
4. With the aid of a variety of social networks, it is easy for young people to gain popularity
from netizens.
5. Each new leader would blame their predecessor for all the evils of the past.
Task 3:
Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things that we really do not need. Others say that
advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives.
Discuss both views andgive your own opinion.
Recently, commercial advertisements have (1) bombarded a variety of television channels,
newspapers, magazines and websites. While some claim that this trend helps popularise new
goods that enhance people's living standards, I would contend that the main result is the
unnecessary (2) consumption of goods by the public.
There is a common (3) fallacy that advertising is an important means to introduce new and
invaluable products to the public. People may argue that in the past, a number of world-changing
products (4) gained popularity thanks to advertising, such as the success story of electronic
cigarette advertisements in the early 2000s, which were believed to have saved millions from
(5) tuberculosis and lung cancer. However, in more recent years, the market has become (6)
saturated, leaving very little chance that one can invent a (7) revolutionary product that
changes people's life. Even when there are such life-changing inventions, it is still very unlikely
that they can reach their potential customers through advertising channels, because these
channels tend to be owned, controlled or (8) dominated by (9) conglomerates, who have no
top priority other than promoting their own (10) merchandise.
believe the main purpose of most advertisements is to persuade customers to make a

I
purchase regardless of their true needs. To meet sales targets, large companies often (11)
exaggerate the usefulness of a small feature of their products when advertising. For example,
the latest Samsung mobile phone seems no different from its (12) predecessor, except for a
13
slightly faster (13) processor, but Samsung marketers are skilful enough to convince customers
that their older phones are (14) obsolete, and that these devices must be upgraded to the latest
version. Some other companies, including Unilever, have hired celebrities to (15) endorse their
products, so as to appeal to customers who are fans of these famous people. All these advertising
techniques may promote sales, but are far less likely to encouraging customers to purchase the
goods they truly need.
In conclusion, advertising has been used as an important selling tool for many businesses,
whose primary goal is profit, rather than meeting customers' needs.
14
VOCABULARY SET 2: ADVERTISING (P.2)
Vocabulary:
1. censor (v/n) – censorship (n): kiểm duyệt/người kiểm duyệt, công tác kiểm duyệt
2. dual (adj/n): đôi, kép
3. exaggerate (v): phóng đại
4. extract (n): đoạn trích
5. fall victim to (collocation): trở thành nạn nhân của việc gì đó
6. fierce (adj): dữ dội, khốc liệt
7. gain an edge over (collocation): làm tốt hơn một chút, có lợi thế hơn ai đó một chút
8. identical (adj): giống hệt nhau
9. impulsive (adj): bốc đồng, hấp tấp
10. in an attempt to (collocation): với mục đích làm việc gì
11. manipulate (v): điều khiển, lôi kéo
12. overstate (v): nói quá
13. predecessor (n): người đi trước / tiền nhiệm, sản phẩm đời trước
14. processor (n): bộ vi xử lý
15. proliferate (v): tăng nhanh, sinh sôi nảy nở
16. rational (adj): hợp lý, có lý lẽ
17. rival (n): đối thủ
18. vet (v): tìm hiểu, xem xét, hiệu đính
15
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. airline / admit / involve / dirty tricks / campaign / win /customer / their rival.
2. scientist/theory / base / rational evidence / been/prove / laboratory / experiment.
3. opposition/leader / accuse / government minister / manipulate / statistic/suit themselves
4. impact / new legislation / been / great / overstate.
5. fierce/wind / blow/threaten / capsize / our boat.
1. Mong rằng vị tổng thống mới sẽ nối bước người tiền nhiệm và tiếp tục giúp đất nước được
thịnh vượng về mặt tài chính.
2. Bởi trẻ con thường trở nên bốc đồng, hấp tấp, người giám hộ của chúng đưa ra các quyết
định (thay chúng) cho đến khi chúng đủ tuổi chịu trách nhiệm trước pháp luật.
3. Một số đài truyền hình được yêu cầu kiểm duyệt các từ nói tục bằng hiệu ứng hình ảnh
và âm thanh.
16
4. Mặc dù là đồ giả, bản sao chép giống y hệt đã được bán với giá gần như bằng bức tranh gốc.
5. Sau trận mưa gió mùa, mọi loại côn trùng bắt đầu sinh sôi nảy nở, và bạn có thể thấy mọi
người liên tục xua, đập tay trong vào không khí.
Task 3:Fill in the blanks with suitable words/phrases
censor (v/n) - censorship (n) in an attempt to (collocation)
dual (adj/n) anipulate (v)
exaggerate (v) overstate (v)
extract (n) predecessor (n)
fall victim to (collocation) processor (n)
fierce (adj) proliferate (v)
gain an edge over (collocation) rational (adj)
indentical (adj) rival (n)

S
impulsive (adj) vet (v)
Consumers are faced with increasing numbers ofadvertisements from competing companies. To what extent do you
think are consumers influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them?
Recently, commercial advertisements have 1 in a variety of television

channels, newspapers, magazines and websites, as a result of 2_ competition
in the market. I would contend that these advertisements may have a negative impact on their
audience as people start to purchase unnecessary products. To prevent this from happening,
I believe the authorities should take some definite actions, such as exercising stricter 3
on all forms of advertising.
I agree that customers often 4 companies' advertising campaigns.

This is primarily because large companies often 5. the usefulness of a few
17
Đ CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
small features of their products when advertising. This advertising technique can be seen in
the case of the latest Apple Phone 7 Plus smartphone, which is nearly 6
to its 7
except for the new 8. system and a slightly
faster 9 10
gain a competitive advantage over their 11
Samsung's Galaxy S7, Apple's marketers used emotional appeal to encourage
12
rather than 13 spending.
Censorship, from my perspective, is the key to addressing the problem. This can be done
by establishing an authority specialising in 14_ all new advertisements.
The censorship process should be stringent enough so that all the 15 that
contain any form of exaggeration are taken out before these advertisements are published.
This exclusion of exaggerated content ensures that no companies can use advertising to 16
_their customers, and consumers may stop buying the goods they do not
truly need.
In brief, many businesses use advertising to 17. their competitors rather

than to fulfil customers' needs, which results in people buying unnecessary goods. The best
remedy for this issue, in my opinion, is censoring all new advertisements before airing them, in
order to safeguard consumers against 18 information.
18
small features of their products when advertising. This advertising technique can be seen in
the case of the latest Apple Phone 7 Plus smartphone, which is nearly 6
to its 7
except for the new 8 system and a slightly
faster 9 10
gain a competitive advantage over their 11
Samsung's Galaxy S7, Apple's marketers used emotional appeal to encourage
12
rather than 13 spending.
Censorship, from my perspective, is the key to addressing the problem. This can be done
by establishing an authority specialising in 14 all new advertisements.
The censorship process should be stringent enough so that all the 15 that
contain any form of exaggeration are taken out before these advertisements are published.
This exclusion of exaggerated content ensures that no companies can use advertising to 16
_their customers, and consumers may stop buying the goods they do not
truly need.
In brief, many businesses use advertising to 17. their competitors rather

order to safeguard consumers against 18 information.
18
Key:
Task 1:
1. The airline admitted being involved in a dirty tricks campaign to win customers from their
rival.
2. The scientist's theory was based on rational evidence that had been proven in laboratory
experiments.
3. The opposition leader accused government ministers of manipulating the statistics to suit
themselves.
4. The impact of the new legislation has been greatly overstated.
5. Fierce winds were blowing, threatening to capsize our boat.
1. Hopefully the new president will follow in the footsteps of his predecessor and continue to
help the country flourish financially.
2. Because children tend to be impulsive, their guardians make decisions for them until they
come of legal age.
3. Some television networks are required to censor swear words with symbols and bleeps.
4. Although it was a fake, the identical copy of the painting was sold for almost as much as
the original.
5. After the monsoon rains, insects of all kinds begin to proliferate and you see people
constantly swatting and slapping at the air.
Task 3:
Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do
you think are consumers influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them?
Recently, commercial advertisements have (1) proliferated in a variety of television

channels, newspapers, magazines and websites, as a result of (2) fierce competition in the
market. I would contend that these advertisements may have a negative impact on their
audience as people start to purchase unnecessary products. To prevent this from happening,
I believe the authorities should take some definite actions, such as exercising stricter (3)
censorship on all forms of advertising.
I agree that customers often (4) fall victim to companies' advertising campaigns. This is
primarily because large companies often (5) exa gerate the usefulness of a few small features
of their products when advertising. This advertising technique can be seen in the case of the
19
latest Apple Phone 7 Plus smartphone, which is nearly (6) identical to its (7) predecessor, except
for the new (8) dual-camera system and a slightly faster (9) processor. (10) In an attempt to
gain a competitive advantage over their (11) rival Samsung's Galaxy S7, Apple's marketers used
emotional appeal to encourage (12) impulsive rather than (13) rational spending.
Censorship, from my perspective, is the key to addressing the problem. This can be done by
establishing an authority specialising in (14) vetting all new advertisements. The censorship
process should be stringent enough so that all the (15) extracts that contain any form of
exaggeration are taken out before these advertisements are published. This exclusion of
exaggerated content ensures that no companies can use advertising to (16) manipulate their
customers, and consumers may stop buying the goods they do not truly need.
In brief, many businesses use advertising to (17) gain an edge over their competitors rather
order to safeguard consumers against (18) overstated information.
20
VOCABULARY SET 3: COPYRIGHTS
Vocabulary:
1. access (n): tiếp cận
2. accessible (adj): có thể tiếp cận
3. be less/more likely to do sth: có ít/nhiều khả năng
4.
be likely to do sth: có khả năng (dự đoán)
5.
drastic (adj): quyết liệt, nghiêm trọng
6. financially disadvantaged (adjp): khó khăn về tài chính
7. intellectual property (np): tài sản trí tuệ
8. morality (n): đạo đức, giá trị đúng sai
9. pose a/an (adj) threat to: trở thành một mối đe dọa
10. proclivity (n): xu hướng, khuynh hướng
11. reap the benefits of (collocation): hưởng lợi từ
12. severe (adj): nghiêm trọng
13. surface (v): nổi lên, nổi bật
14. unfeasible (adj): không khả thi
21
Exercises:
1. Severe storms / be likely to/pose a threat / coastal villages.
2. When / there / competitions / almost all fields / life / only / best / player / surface.
3.Charge/users/download/copyrighted music/unfeasible/those/financially disadvantaged
4. Invention/ digital music download sites/helpful / protect / authors / intellectual property.
5. Issue / morality / nuclear weapons/ possession / be/ on debate / today's world.
6. Internet / bring / students / more access / sources / knowledge / information.
7. Young / songwriters/have/proclivity / plagiarize / musical beat / instead / whole melody

/ a song.
8. Customers/ those / reap benefits/ competitions / service provider.
22
9. During / past / six months / there / drastic / reduction / staffing levels / this company.
10. Key/education/system/millennium/be/make/learning opportunity/more/accessible
/ adults
be less/more likely to do sth morality (n)
.accessible (adj) pose a/an (adj) threat to
access (n) proclivity (n)
be likely to do sth reap the benefits of (collocation)
drastic (adj) severe (adj)
financially disadvantaged (adjp) surface (v)
intellectual property (np) unfeasible (adj)
Modern technology has made it easier for individuals to download copyrighted music and books from the internet
for no charge. To what extent is this a positive or a negative development?
Copyrights have evolved into a major topic of concern in the era of the Internet and
modern technology, as copyrighted music and books can now be downloaded for free with a few
simple mouse-clicks. While some believe that there are certain advantages to this development,
I would contend that it may lead to 1. consequences that far outweigh any benefit
it brings.
There is a common belief that free downloading of copyrighted contents is broadly. People
may argue that the public can benefit from having free 2 to invaluable sources of
knowledge. Those who are 3. would then have equal rights to develop academically,
which may have been previously 4_ Some also claim that once music contents are
free, they can enrich the musical soul of millions. As a greater diversity of music becomes more
5
to a larger audience, their understanding of it may improve, and new musical
talents can 6 as a result.
However, I firmly believe that there are 7. consequences when copyrighted contents
are distributed freely for everyone. This trend may well put the career of many authors, artists
23
and creative workers in danger, as they receive a significantly lower income from selling their
books and songs. Yet this is not only a problem of finance, but also an issue of 8
The 9
of taking others' work without permission is a form of disregarding their
rights and stealing their work. From a broader perspective, when authors' 10_ is not
respected, they 11, _positively contribute to society.
To conclude, despite the belief that the public can 12_ the benefits of free access
to intellectual content, am of the opinion that disrespecting copyrights is undoubtedly a nega
I
tive development that 13_ _society.
24
Key:
Task 1:
1. Severe storms are likely to pose a threat to coastal villages.
2. When there are competitions in almost all fields of life, only the best players (can) surface.
3. Charging users for downloading copyrighted music is (would be/could be/may be) unfea
sible for those who are financially disadvantaged.
4. The invention of digital music download sites is helpful in protecting authors' intellectual
property.
5. The issue of the morality of nuclear weapon possession has been on debate in today's
world.
6. The Internet has brought students more access to sources of knowledge and information.
7. Young songwriters have had a proclivity of plagiarizing musical beat instead of the whole
melody of a song.
8. Customers are those who reap benefits from competitions among service providers.
9. During the past six months, there has been a drastic reduction of staffing levels in this
company.
10. The key to the education system in this millennium is to make/making learning
opportunities more accessible to adults.
Task 2:
Modern technology has made it easier for individuals to download copyrighted music and books from the internet
for no charge. To what extent is this a positive or a negative development?
Copyrights have evolved into a major topic of concern in the era of the Internet and modern
technology, as copyrighted music and books can now be downloaded for free with a few simple
mouse-clicks. While some believe that there are certain advantages to this development, I would
contend that it may lead to (1) drastic consequences that far outweigh any benefit it brings.
There is a common belief that free downloading of copyrighted contents is broadly. People
may argue that the public can benefit from having free (2) access to invaluable sources of
knowledge. Those who are (3) financially disadvantaged would then have equal rights to
develop academically, which may have been previously (4) unfeasible. Some also claim that
once music contents are free, they can enrich the musical soul of millions. As a greater diversity of
music becomes more (5) accessible to a larger audience, their understanding of it may improve,
and new musical talents can (6) surface as a result.
25
However, I firmly believe that there are (7) severe consequences when copyrighted contents
are distributed freely for everyone. This trend may well put the career of many authors, artists
and creative workers in danger, as they receive a significantly lower income from selling their
books and songs. Yet this is not only a problem of finance, but also an issue of (8) morality. The
(9) proclivity oftaking others' work without permission is a form of disregarding their rights and
stealing their work. From a broader perspective, when authors' (10) intellectual property is not
respected, they (11) may be less likely to positively contribute to society.
To conclude, despite the belief that the public can (12) reap the benefits of free access to
intellectual content, I am of the opinion that disrespecting copyrights is undoubtedly a negative
development that (13) poses an alarming threat to society.
26
VOCABULARY SET 4: RELOCATING BUSINESSES
Vocabulary:
1. arise from (collocation): phát sinh từ
2.
as regards + N (collocation): về việc gì, liên quan đến việc gì
3. be placed under pressure (collocation): chịu nhiều áp lực
4. city-based / rural-based (adj): có cơ sở / làm việc tại thành phố - nông thôn
5. commuter (n): người di chuyển, hành khách
6. commute (v): di chuyển
7. divert (v): chuyển hướng
8. downtown (adj/adv): trung tâm thành phố
9.
governor (n): người đứng đầu (một quốc gia)
10. labour force (np): nguồn nhân lực
11. mitigate (v): giảm bớt, dịu bớt
12. on the verge of (collocation): sắp sửa, bên bờ vực
13. relocate (v) – relocation (n): di chuyển – sự di chuyển
14. scenario (n): trường hợp
15. shortage of (collocation): thiếu hụt
16. substantial (adj): đáng kể, quan trọng
27
Exercises:

1.Trong trường hợp các công ty nhỏ bên bờ vực phá sản, họ có thể bị các công ty lớn hơn thu mua.
2. Vì bão lớn, các chuyến bay đến sân bay Nội Bài đều được chuyển hướng đến sân bay
Đà Nẵng.
3. Về cơ hội việc làm, chính sách di chuyển này sẽ giúp cân bằng nguồn nhân lực ở thành
phố và nông thôn, điều này cung cấp nhiều công việc hơn cho người lao động.
4. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự khác biệt đáng kể giữa ý kiến của nam giới và nữ giới.
5. Rất nhiều người làm việc ở trung tâm thành phố nhưng sống ở ngoại ô, nên họ phải di
chuyển quãng đường dài mỗi ngày.
1. Introduction / railway/help/mitigate / shortage / public transport.
2. Problem/ arise / if/parents / approach / discipline / inconsistent.
3. Defensiveness / natural response /people/who / be placed under pressure /

justify/actions.
28
4. Governor / deny / make / improper use / state money.
5. Be /celebrity / look / nice / but /job/ require / a lot / relocation.
arise from (collocation) governor (n)
as regards + N (collocation) labour force (np)
be placed under pressure (collocation) mitigate (v)
city-based / rural-based (adj) on the verge of (collocation)
commuter (n) relocate (v) - relocation (n)
divert (v) scenario (n)
downtown (adj/adv) shortage of (collocation)
substantial (adj)
With many problems of transport and accommodation in cities, some governments are encouraging businesses to
move to ruralareas.
Do you thinkthe advantages ofthis outweigh the disadvantages?
In recent decades, the increasingly serious problems of accommodation and transport in

many cities have caused some 1 to consider a new policy in which companies
are encouraged to 2 to countryside regions. While this policy has a number of
drawbacks, I contend that the benefits of it are far weightier.
There are a few disadvantages 3.

the policy of encouraging enterprises to move
out of urban areas. The wave of urban-rural business 4 _may leave a number of
5 employees 6_ _unemployment unless these people accept to travel
long distances to work. Even in the 7.
that they do accept, there is still another
drawback to consider. As the number of urban-rural 8
increases, the city public
transport network will 9
29
However, I believe that the advantages of such a policy far outweigh the disadvantages.
The most outstanding benefit is that once businesses are relocated to the countryside, their
employees will not have to seek accommodation in the city centre, and the 10
of housing in 11. areas can be 12_
13 traffic, this pol
icy can 14
the rural-based labour force to yet undeveloped areas. Therefore, the
traffic flow into a city on a daily basis is significantly reduced. Finally, such relocation has a
15
_advantage of creating more job opportunities and thus economic benefits to
the local community in rural regions.
All the aforementioned points provide a compelling argument in favour of an urban-rural
business relocation policy, despite some potential drawbacks.
30
Key:
Task 1:Answers may vary
1. In the scenario that small companies are on the verge of bankruptcy, they can be taken
over by bigger companies.
2. Due to the severe storm, all the flights to Noi Bai Airport were diverted to Da Nang Airport.
3. As regards job opportunities, this relocation policy would balance urban-based and rural
based labour force, providing more jobs to workers.
4. Research findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.
5. Many people work downtown but live in the suburbs, so they have to commute long
distance on a daily basis.
Task 2:
1. The introduction of railway helped mitigate the shortage of public transport.
2. Problems arise if the parents' approach to discipline is inconsistent.
3. Defensiveness is a natural response of people who are placed under pressure to justify
their actions.
4. The governor has denied/denied making improper use of state money.
5. Being a celebrity looks nice, but this job requires a lot of relocation.
Task 3:
With manyproblems of transport and accommodation in cities, some governments are encouraging businesses to
move to rural areas.
Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
In recent decades, the increasingly serious problems of accommodation and transport in

many cities have caused some (1) governors to consider a new policy in which companies are
encouraged to (2) relocate to countryside regions. While this policy has a number of drawbacks,
I contend that the benefits of it are far weightier.
There are a few disadvantages (3) arising from the policy of encouraging enterprises to
move out of urban areas. The wave of urban-rural business (4) relocation may leave a number
of (5) city-based employees (6) on the verge of unemployment unless these people accept to
travel long distances to work. Even in the (7) scenario that they do accept, there is still another
drawback to consider. As the number of urban-rural (8) commuters increases, the city public
transport network will (9) be placed under pressure.
31
However, I believe that the advantages of such a policy far outweigh the disadvantages. The
most outstanding benefit is that once businesses are relocated to the countryside, their employees
will not have to seek accommodation in the city centre, and the (10) shortage of housing in (11)
downtown areas can be (12) mitigated. (13) As regards traffic, this policy can (14) divert the
rural-based labour force to yet undeveloped areas. Therefore, the traffic flow into a city on a daily
basis is significantly reduced. Finally, such relocation has a (15) substantial advantage of creating
more job opportunities and thus economic benefits to the local community in rural regions.
All the aforementioned points provide a compelling argument in favour of an urban-rural

business relocation policy, despite some potential drawbacks.
32
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 2: CRIME
VOCABULARY SET 5: EDUCATING PRISONERS
Vocabulary:
1. carry out (phr.v): thực hiện
2. deter (v): cản trợ, làm nhụt chí, ngăn chặn
3. empathy (n): đồng cảm, thấu cảm
4. equip sb with (collocation): trang bị cho ai điều gì
5. have the intention of (collocation): có ý định làm gì
6. instil (v): vun đắp
7. offender (n): người phạm lỗi, phạm nhân
8. preventive (adj): phòng chống, ngăn ngừa
9. prospect (n): triển vọng
10. ripple (adj): hiệu ứng dây chuyền, lan tràn
11. ripple (n): sự lan tràn của một tiếng động hoặc cảm giác
12. self-worth (n): giá trị bản thân
13. to earn a living (collocation): kiếm sống
14. undeniably (adv): chắc chắn, hiển nhiên, không thể chối cãi
33
Exercises:
1. high price / deter/ young people / buy / house.
2. offender / need / more / empathy/surround/people/after / leave / prison
3. when/she/hear /news/her best friend's wedding / ripple / excitement / flow up /

her spine.
4.it/part/ a teacher/job/instil / confidence / their students.
5. There / not / many / prospect / that/ the war / will / over / soon.
6. police / carry out / thorough search / premises / but /fail / find / any drugs.
7. sometimes / when /it/ hard / earn a living / we/ seem / doubt / self-worth.
8. past / ten years / preventive / measure / radically / reduce / level/tooth decay / children.
34
9. All/police / equip/ shields / defend / themselves / rioters.
10. I/have/ no intention / change / my plans/just/fit in /his.
carry out (phr.v) offender (n)
deter (v) preventive (adj)
empathy (n) prospect (n)
equip sb with (collocation) ripple (adj)
have the intention of (collocation) ripple (n)
instil (v) self-worth (n)
undeniably (adv) to earn a living (collocation)
Studies show that criminals get a low level ofeducation. Some people believe that the best way to reduce crime is
educating people in prison so they can get a job after leaving prison. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Educating 1 _during imprisonment as a method of reducing the future

crime rates is major topic of concern in today's society. While agree that such a solution is
I
effective in reducing crime, I am convinced that it is far from being the best method and there
are many better ways of reducing crime.
I accept that education for prisoners may contribute to the reduction of crime. The primary
reason is that such a form of education could provide offenders with the working skills that
are essential when they return to the community. With improved job 2
prisoners may therefore 3 _after leaving prison and are less likely to commit
a crime again. Another significant reason is that education could 4 a sense
of value and 5 in offenders. As a consequence, they may demonstrate more

6 towards others in the wider community, and become better citizens after
their prison years. This may even have 7. effect on others around them to live
without crime.
However, I am firmly of the opinion that education for offenders is not the best solution
to reduce crime. This form of education is offered only to those who have committed a
crime, and therefore has far less 8 _value, compared to other stronger
solutions. For example, severe punishments such as longer imprisonment for criminals could
35
a
9 criminal acts by other members of the public who 10_
crime. There are also other educational methods that may have a stronger and more long-lasting
impact on the reduction of crime. An excellent example of this is crime education at school,
which helps 11. the necessary knowledge about crime and crime prevention.
This measure is 12
a more sustainable crime-fighting solution than education
for criminals.
To conclude, I firmly believe that although educating prisoners is an effective way to reduce
crime, it is not the best solution, as there are more preventive and sustainable measures such as
crime education at school and stricter punishments for criminals.
36
Key:
Task 1:
1. High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses.
2. Offenders need more empathy from surrounding people after leaving prison.
3. When she heard the news of her best friend's wedding, a ripple of excitement flowed up
her
4. It is part of a teacher's job to instil confidence into their students.
5. There's not much prospect that the war will be over soon.
6. The police carried out a thorough search of the premises, but failed to find any drugs.
7. Sometimes when it is hard to earn a living, we seem to doubt our self-worth.
8. In the past ten years, preventive measures have radically reduced levels of tooth decay in
children.
9. All the police officers were equipped with shields to defend themselves against the rioters.
10. I have no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his.
Task 2:
Studies show that criminals get a low level of education. Some people believe that the best way to reduce crime is
educating people in prison so they can get ajob after leaving prison. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Educating (1) offenders during imprisonment as a method of reducing the future crime
rates is major topic of concern in today's society. While agree that such a solution is effective
I
in reducing crime, am convinced that it is far from being the best method and there are many
I
better ways of reducing crime.
I accept that education for prisoners may contribute to the reduction of crime. The primary
reason is that such a form of education could provide offenders with the working skills that
are essential when they return to the community. With improved job (2) prospects, prisoners
may therefore (3) earn a living after leaving prison and are less likely to commit a crime again.
Another significant reason is that education could (4) instil a sense of value and (5) self-worth
in offenders. As a consequence, they may demonstrate more (6) empathy towards others in the
wider community, and become better citizens after their prison years. This may even have (7)
ripple effect on others around them to live without crime.
However, I am firmly of the opinion that education for offenders is not the best solution to
reduce crime. This form of education is offered only to those who have committed a crime, and
therefore has far less (8) preventive value, compared to other stronger solutions. For example,
37
severe punishments such as longer imprisonment for criminals could (9) deter criminal acts by
other members of the public who (10) have the intention of carrying out a crime. There are
also other educational methods that may have a stronger and more long-lasting impact on the
reduction of crime. An excellent example of this is crime education at school, which helps (11)
equip students with the necessary knowledge about crime and crime prevention. This measure
is (12) undeniably a more sustainable crime-fighting solution than education for criminals.
To conclude, I firmly believe that although educating prisoners is an effective way to reduce
crime, it is not the best solution, as there are more preventive and sustainable measures such as
crime education at school and stricter punishments for criminals.
38
VOCABULARY SET 6: PRISONERS GIVING TALKS
Vocabulary:
Useful words and phrases:
1. associate with (collocation): liên quan tới
2. criminology (n): môn tội phạm học
3. commit a crime = carry out a crime (collocation): phạm tội
4. criminals - offenders - delinquents -law-breakers (n): tội phạm
5. gather knowledge (collocation): thu thập kiến thức
6. holistic view (np): góc nhìn hoàn chỉnh/hoàn thiện
7. imprisonment (n): việc bỏ tù
8. incarceration (n): ngục tù, giam hãm
9. rehabilitation (n): việc cải tạo
10. remorseful: hối hận
11. to deprive somebody of something: tước đoạt của ai cái gì
12. to inform somebody of something to keep somebody informed of something:

=
cho ai biết về việc gì đó
13. the lens of science (noun phrase): góc nhìn khoa học
14. undergo (v): trải qua
39
Exercises:
1. ehabilitation / offender / need / care / empathy/both/their family/community.
2. field / criminology/provide / opportunity / stimulate work / mostly / law enforcement /

psychology.
3. cancer / risk / associate with / smoking/be/well documented.
4. athlete/ undergo/ mandatory / drug test / before / compete / the championship.
5. she / sentence / five years / imprisonment.
6. criminals/affect/society/the way/billions/dollars/be/spend / each year / incarceration.
7. ecology/problem / usually / require / holistic /view/find/solution.
8. defendant / remorseful / what/he/do/but /it/too late.
40
9. If/we/notice / there / always / chances / gather knowledge / daily conversations.
10. some / parent/ deprive/ themselves / many pleasure / so that/ their children /have/
best / everything.
associate with (collocation) incarceration (n)
criminology (n) rehabilitation (n)
commit a crime = carry out a crime remorseful
(collocation)
to deprive somebody of something
criminals offenders delinquents
law-breakers (n) to inform somebody of something = to
keep somebody informed of something:

gather knowledge (collocation)
the lens of science (np)
holistic view (np)
undergo (v)
imprisonment (n)
Somepeople who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that having thesepeople to give
a talk to school students is the best way to tell them about the dangers ofcommitting a crime. Do you agree or disagree?
Educating school students on the consequences of carrying out a crime has long been a
contentious issue. There is a common belief that talks by ex-prisoners should be held at school
to inform students of the threat to society when a crime is committed. While accept that this
I
practice is beneficial in a few ways, I believe there are many better methods to educate students
about the dangers of crimes.
There are certain benefits of having reformed criminals talking to students about the
hazards that are 1
crime. The most obvious benefit is that students may learn
from those who truly understand about crime. Those who 2 have likely 3
about the dangers of crime for the victims, not only from their own offenses
but also from communication with other criminals. In addition, this method may also educate
students about the threat to the offenders themselves when they commit a crime. To explain,
ex-prisoners are those who have 4 a long process of 5_ and
6
so their life-stories are often a great source of real-life experience of not
only what prisoners are deprived of but also how 7 they feel.
41
Key:
Task 1:
1. The rehabilitation of offenders needs more care and empathy from both their family and
community.
2. The field of criminology provides many opportunities for stimulating work, mostly in law
enforcement and psychology.
3. The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well documented.
4. Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before competing in the championship.
5. She was sentenced to five years' imprisonment.
6. Criminals affect the society in the way that billions of dollars are being spent each year on
incarceration.
7. Ecological problems usually require holistic view to find the solutions.
8. The defendant was remorseful for what he had done, but it was too late.
9. If we notice, there are always chances to gather knowledge from daily conversations.
10. Some parents deprive themselves of many pleasures so that their children can have the
best of everything.
Task 2:
Somepeople who have been in prison become goodcitizens later. Somepeople think that having these peopleto give
atalkto school students is the best way to tell them about the dangers of committing a crime. Do you agree or disagree?
Educating school students on the consequences of carrying out a crime has long been a
contentious issue. There is a common belief that talks by ex-prisoners should be held at school
to inform students of the threat to society when a crime is committed. While I accept that this
practice is beneficial in a few ways, I believe there are many better methods to educate students
about the dangers of crimes.
There are certain benefits of having reformed criminals talking to students about the
hazards that are (1) associated with crime. The most obvious benefit is that students may learn
from those who truly understand about crime. Those who (2) committed a crime have likely
(3) gathered knowledge about the dangers of crime for the victims, not only from their own
offenses but also from communication with other criminals. In addition, this method may also
educate students about the threat to the offenders themselves when they commit a crime. To
explain, ex-prisoners are those who have (4) undergone a long process of (5) imprisonment
and (6) rehabilitation, so their life-stories are often a great source of real-life experience of not
only what prisoners are deprived of but also how (7) remorseful they feel.
43
However, am convinced that there are better solutions to teach students about the
I
negative effects of partaking in criminal activity. The most viable measure may be to introduce
(8) criminology as a subject at school. While the life-stories of ex-prisoners are often biased,
criminology knowledge is based on empirical data and research and as such, tends to be
more reliable than anecdotal evidence. With this method, students can learn all the necessary
knowledge about crime, including the dangers of it, through (9) the lens of science and therefore
have a (10) holistic view on crime and the associated dangers. Another useful measure could
be to film the harsh daily lives of prisoners and show it to school students. Notwithstanding the
benefits of giving talks, films with vivid imagery can be much more visually attractive and thus
more effective in informing students of the harsh reality of life in (11) incarceration.
To conclude, am of the opinion that although talks by ex-prisoners may keep students
I
informed of the dangers of carrying out a crime, there are stronger measures such as the
introduction of criminology as a school subject.
44
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 3: CULTURE AND TOURISM
VOCABULARY SET 7: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
Vocabulary:
1. antagonise (v) – antagonistic (adj): phản kháng, chống đối
2.
benefit from (collocation): hưởng lợi từ việc gì
3. dishonour (v) – dishonoured (PP): hổ thẹn, tổn thương đến danh dự
4. disparate (v): khác nhau, khác loại
5. emerge (v): xuất hiện
6. fortify (v): củng cố, làm cho vững chắc
7. hostile (adj) – hostility (n): chống đối, không thân thiện
8. perceive (v) – perception (n): nhìn nhận, nhận thức
9. prevail (v): trở nên phổ biến, giành được quyền kiểm soát
10. prosperous (adj): giàu có, thành công, thịnh vượng
11. social cohesion (np): gắn kết xã hội
45
THỰ 38 CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:
Task 1:Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. two /culture/so/ utterly disparate/she/ found/hard/adapt/one /to / other.
2. he/take/deep breath / fortify / himself/ before / step / the stage.
3. Japanese samurai / commit suicide / self-disembowel / when / they / felt / dishonour.
4. story/be/ perceive / different / different angles.
5. it/ believe / that/ little / drizzle / grand opening day / will / bring/company/lot / luck /
and prosperous future.
1. Sự tôn trọng lẫn nhau là điều phổ biến giữa học sinh và giáo viên tại ngôi trường này.
2. Nhân chứng khai với cảnh sát rằng, có hai người đàn ông xuất hiện từ con hẻm cạnh tòa
nhà sau khi tiếng súng đầu tiên phát nổ.
3. Sẽ là vô ích khi phản đối một kẻ say.
4. Điều làm nên sự khác biệt giữa các quốc gia là sự gắn kết xã hội trong mỗi quốc gia đó.
5. Người dân đã có phản ứng chống đối đối với đề xuất tăng giá thuế của chính phủ.
46
antagonise (v) - antagonistic (adj) hostile (adj) - hostility (n)
benefit from (collocation perceive (v) - perception (n)
dishonour (v) - dishonoured (pp) prevail (v)
disparate (v) prosperous (adj)
emerge (v) social cohesion (np)
fortify (v)
Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the reasons? Solutions to
change negative attitudes?
In recent years, international tourism has become a growing trend in many 1.
parts of the world. However, a 2_ attitude towards this trend has
3 amongst local people. Some explanations for this social problem will be
put forward, before some possible solutions are proposed.
There are two significant reasons as to why 4 is felt by local residents

against international tourism. One significant factor could be the threat that this industry
poses to 5 in the local community. In other words, a group of people
may 6 providing services for foreign tourists, and become more
7 than the rest, who are mostly fishermen and farmers. As such an income
gap is created, people of lower levels of earnings may feel disadvantaged, and a negative
attitude towards foreign travellers may 8 In addition, foreign visitors may
unintentionally 9. the locals because of the cultural differences between
these two groups of people. An example of this is that a Japanese waiter in a local restaurant
may feel 10 if an American tourist leaves him a tip, a very common and well
appreciated practice in the US and other countries.
Some measures can be implemented to change the 11, attitude of
locals towards international tourism. The first important solution is that the authorities may
introduce new taxation schemes on tourism-related services, and use this tax money to invest
in other industries. In this way, all residents can equally benefit from the rise of international
tourism, and social balance in the area is maintained. Besides, there should be free-of-charge
cultural-exchange programmes for all people. If such programmes were held, mutual cultural
understandings between the locals and the visitors would be 12 and the
problem of cultural differences could be mitigated.
47
To conclude, the fact that local citizens may 13 international travel as an
adverse trend could be ascribed to cultural misunderstandings and the loss of social cohesion
in the area. This negative perception can be properly addressed by a new tax on services for
tourists and cultural-exchange activities.
48
Key:
Task 1:
1. The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to
the other.
2. He took a deep breath to fortify himself before stepping onto the stage.
3. Japanese samurai would commit suicide by self-disembowelling when they felt

dishonoured.
4. A story could be perceived differently from different angles.
5. It is believed that a little drizzle on the grand opening day will bring the company a lot of
luck and a prosperous future.
1. Mutual respect prevails among students and teachers at this school.
2. The witness reported to the police that, there were two men who emerged from the alley
beside the building after the first shot was fired.
3. It is no point antagonising a drunk.
4. What makes the difference among countries is the social cohesion within each country.
5. There has been a hostile reaction from the citizens to the government's proposed tax
increases.
Task 3:
Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the reasons? Solutionsto
change negative attitudes?
¡ In recent years, international tourism has become a growing trend in many (1) disparate parts
of the world. However, a (2) hostile attitude towards this trend has (3) emerged amongst local
people. Some explanations for this social problem will be put forward, before some possible
solutions are proposed.
There are two significant reasons as to why (4) hostility is felt by local residents against
international tourism. One significant factor could be the threat that this industry poses to (5)
social cohesion in the local community. In other words, a group of people may (6) benefit from
providing services for foreign tourists, and become more (7) prosperous than the rest, who
are mostly fishermen and farmers. As such an income gap is created, people of lower levels
of earnings may feel disadvantaged, and a negative attitude towards foreign travellers may
(8) prevail. In addition, foreign visitors may unintentionally (9) antagonise the locals because
49
of the cultural differences between these two groups of people. An example of this is that a
Japanese waiter in a local restaurant may feel (10) dishonoured if an American tourist leaves
him a tip, a very common and well-appreciated practice in the US and other countries.
Some measures can be implemented to change the (11) antagonistic attitude of locals
towards international tourism. The first important solution is that the authorities may
introduce new taxation schemes on tourism-related services, and use this tax money to invest
in other industries. In this way, all residents can equally benefit from the rise of international
tourism, and social balance in the area is maintained. Besides, there should be free-of-charge
cultural-exchange programmes for all people. If such programmes were held, mutual cultural
understandings between the locals and the visitors would be (12) fortified, and the problem of
cultural differences could be mitigated.
To conclude, the fact that local citizens may (13) perceive international travel as an adverse
trend could be ascribed to cultural misunderstandings and the loss of social cohesion in the
area. This negative perception can be properly addressed by a new tax on services for tourists
and cultural-exchange activities.
50
VOCABULARY SET 8: LOCAL VS WORLD HISTORY
Vocabulary:
1. a series of (collocation): một chuỗi, một loạt
2. bond (n): mối quan hệ, sự liên kết
3. defeat (v): đánh bại
4. enable sb to do sth: tạo cơ hội cho ai đó làm gì
5. expatriate (n): người biệt xứ
6. guarantee (v): bảo đảm
7. insight (n): sự thấu hiểu, sự hiểu biết (từ bên trong)
8. interpersonal (adj): giữa các cá nhân
9. migrant (adj/n): di cư, người di cư
10. parallel (adj): song song
11. parallel (n): song song, đồng bộ
12. regain (v): giành lại
13. reinforce (v): củng cố, bồi đắp
14. sufficient (adj): đầy đủ, đủ
15. surrender (n/v): đầu hàng
16. surrender to sb/sth: đầu hàng trước ai/cái gì
17. the Allies (n): quân Đồng minh
51
38CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:
1. there/be/series / sexual attacks /women/ the area.
2. foundation / will/have/reinforce / prevent/house / sink / further / the ground.
3.1/finally/surrender / temptation / and / eat / last / piece / pizza.
4. excellent / interpersonal / skill/require/any/job/ recruit.
5. societies / strong / family bond/people/tend/live/longer.
6. computerize/ enable/us/cut/production cost / half.
7. there / evidence/show/ that/ large community/ expatriates / settle / here.
8. It / interesting/book/full/ fascinating insight / human relationships.
52
9. it/think/ that/he/ commit/crime/but/there / be not/sufficient / evidence / convict him.
10. four time / champion / unexpectedly / defeat / second round / competition.
a series of (collocation) interpersonal (adj)
bond (n) migrant (adj/n)
defeat (v) parallel (adj)
enable sb to do sth parallel (n)
expatriate (n) regain (v)
guarantee (v) reinforce (v)
insight (n) sufficient (adj)
surrender (n/v)
surrender to sb/sth
the Allies (n)
It is more importantfor schoolchildren to learn about local history than world history. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?
Teaching history to schoolchildren has been a heated topic over the years. There is a common
belief that local history is more important to children than world history. However, I disagree
with this view.
I believe the notion that local history is more valuable than world history should be rejected.
Some people may claim that 1 into local historical values are completely 2
for one to know. Their claim could have been true a few decades ago when
most 3
communications were between people of the same race and origin.
However, this view is now outdated as the world has become globalised and international
business and 4
workers have made any community a global village. In
this context, an understanding of a foreign country's history would 5 the
relationship between them and the 6 from that country.
53
In addition, I am deeply convinced that children would benefit the most only when the
learning of local history is placed 7_ to that of world history. To understand a
local historical event, children should put the regional and sometimes even world context in that
historical era into consideration. For example, children should acknowledge that the event in
which Vietnam 8 its independence after 9. the Japanese
troops in Indochina in 1945 only happened after 10 events in World War

II, one of which is the 11 With this
of Japan to the 12
perspective, children would understand history more deeply and thoroughly.
To sum up, the study of local history should always be parallel to that of world history. This
practice would 13_ that children learn history more comprehensively and be
able to tighten the 14 with migrant workers in their country.
54
Key:
Task 1:
1. There has been a series of sexual attacks on women in the area.
2. The foundations will have to be reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further into
the ground.
3. I finally surrendered to temptation, and ate the last piece of pizza.
4. Excellent interpersonal skills are required in any job recruitment.
5. In societies with strong family bonds, people tend to live longer.
6. Computerization should enable/ enables us to cut production costs by half.
7. There was evidence showing that a large community of expatriates had settled here.
8. It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships.
9. It was thought that he had committed the crime but there wasn't sufficient evidence to
convict him.
10. The four-time champion was unexpectedly defeated in the second round of the
competition.
Task 2:
It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than worldhistory. To what extent do you agree
ordisagree?
Teaching history to schoolchildren has been a heated topic over the years. There is a common
belief that local history is more important to children than world history. However, I disagree
with this view.
I believe the notion that local history is more valuable than world history should be
rejected. Some people may claim that (1) insights into local historical values are completely (2)
sufficient for one to know. Their claim could have been true a few decades ago when most (3)
interpersonal communications were between people of the same race and origin. However,
this view is now outdated as the world has become globalised and international business and (4)
migrant workers have made any community a global village. In this context, an understanding
of a foreign country's history would (5) enable future local workers toreinforce the relationship
between them and the (6) expatriates from that country.
In addition, I am deeply convinced that children would benefit the most only when the
learning of local history is placed (7) parallel to that of world history. To understand a local
historical event, children should put the regional and sometimes even world context in that
55
historical era into consideration. For example, children should acknowledge that the event
in which Vietnam (8) regained its independence after (9) defeating the Japanese troops in
Indochina in 1945 only happened after (10) a series ofrelevant events in World War II, one of
which is the (11) surrender of Japan to the (12) Allies. With this perspective, children would
understand history more deeply and thoroughly.
To sum up, the study of local history should always be parallel to that of world history. This
practice would (13) guarantee that children learn history more comprehensively and be able to
tighten the (14) bond with migrant workers in their country.
56
VOCABULARY SET 9: MUSEUMS AND HISTORICAL SITES
Vocabulary:
1.
attendance (n): sự tham dự, số người tham gia
2. comprehensive (adj): toàn diện
3.
coverage (n): độ bao phủ, độ phủ sóng
4. familiar (adj) – familiarise (v): quen thuộc – làm cho quen thuộc với điều gì đó
5. historian (n): nhà sử học
6. inhabitant (n): cư dân, người dân
7. layout (n): cách bố trí
8. monotonous (adj): đơn điệu
9. noun-oriented (adj): theo chiều hướng nào đó
10. orient (v): định hướng
11. perception (n): cách nhìn nhận, nhận thức
12. preservationist (n): những người ủng hộ việc trùng tu
13. public-oriented activities (np): hoạt động định hướng cộng đồng
14. remains (n): di tích, những gì còn sót lại, di hài
15. the Imperial Citadel (n): Hoàng thành
16. visually (adv): về mặt hình thức, về thị giác
57
Exercises:
1. guide dog / open up /life/blind/or / visually / impair.
2. order / quickly / run away / burglars/ research/layout /house/by/careful/ observe /

owners / activity / for days.
3. first / stage / live abroad/is/ familiarise / oneself / surrounding / lifestyles / cultures.
4. museum / attendance / the city / increase / recent year.
5.50 year / after / he/die/ remains/return / his home land.
1. Tham quan bảo tàng mang đến cái nhìn toàn diện về các giá trị lịch sử và văn hóa của một
đất nước.
2. Một điều quan trọng trong lĩnh vực quan hệ công chúng là không bao giờ bỏ lỡ cơ hội nói
chuyện với các nhà báo và tận dụng độ phủ sóng truyền thông.
3. Một trong những sự kiện giới trẻ chờ đợi hằng năm là Lễ hội âm nhạc Gió mùa, được tổ
chức tại Hoàng thành Thăng Long, Hà Nội.
4. Cách giảng bài đơn điệu của giảng viên dần dần đưa chúng tôi vào giấc ngủ.
5. Thông qua các hoạt động định hướng cộng đồng, bảo tàng và các địa điểm lịch sử có thể
được giới thiệu tới người dân với hình ảnh thân thiện và thú vị hơn.
58
attendance (n) oun-oriented (adj)
comprehensive (adj) orient (v)
coverage (n) perception (n)
familiar (adj) - familiarise (v) preservationist (n)
historian (n) public-oriented activities (np)
inhabitant (n) remains (n)
layout (n) the Imperial Citadel (n)
monotonous (adj) visually (adv)
The main visitors to museums and historical sites are tourists, not local people.
Why is it the case? What can be done to attract local people to these places?
Tourists are often drawn to museums and historical locations when visiting new countries.
However, records have shown a low 1 among local people at these attractions.
Some explanations will be put forward before solutions can be proposed to tackle this problem.
There are several reasons as to why there are more international tourists than local people
visiting museums and historical places. First, these locations can provide visitors with a 2
overview of the traditions in the area they are situated. As a result, such
destinations are generally more appealing to newcomers than to locals, those without the need
to 3 themselves with the traditional values of the region. Moreover, because
the 4 of museums and historical houses is likely to remain unchanged over

time, they can be 5_ unattractive to the local 6 who may
have been to these sites at least once in their younger years.
Several measures can be implemented to raise the attendance rate of locals at museums
and historical sites. An obvious solution is to use such places as the locations for more
7 which may change the public's 8 that these places

are only for 9 activities. For example, 10 in Hue City has
organised role-playing games about the history of Vietnam for visitors and attracted thousands
of local residents and international tourists. Another solution is that 11 and
12 be featured more frequently in the media to talk about the tremendous
worth of museums and historical 13 An excellent example of this solution is

the frequent appearance of Doctor Le Van Lan, a famous historian, in many educational television
programmes in Vietnam.
59
To conclude, there are a few reasons why historical sites and museums are uninteresting to
local citizens, including the fact that locals might be too familiar with these places. There are
some solutions to encourage more locals to visit such destinations, such as providing more
media 14 on them.
60
Key:
1. Guide dogs open up the lives of the blind or visually impaired.
2. In order to quickly run away, the burglars had researched the layout of the house by
carefully observing the owners' activities for days.
3. The first stage of living abroad is familiarising oneself with the surrounding lifestyles
and cultures.
4. Museum attendances in the city have been increasing in recent years.
5. 50 years after he died, his remains were returned to his homeland.
1. Visiting museums brings in comprehensive overview of traditional and cultural values of
a country.
2. It is important in PR field to never miss the opportunity to speak with journalists and take
advantage of media coverage.
3. One of the annual events that the young people look forward to is the Monsoon Music
Festival, held at the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, Hanoi.
4. The lecturer's monotonous delivery gradually put us into sleep.
5. Through public-oriented activities, images of friendly and intriguing museums and

historical locations can be introduced to local residents.
Task 3:
The main visitors to museums andhistorical sites are tourists, notlocal people.
Why is it the case? What can be done to attract local people to these places?
Tourists are often drawn to museums and historical locations when visiting new countries.
However, records have shown a low (1) attendance among local people at these attractions.
Some explanations will be put forward before solutions can be proposed to tackle this problem.
There are several reasons as to why there are more international tourists than local people
visiting museums and historical places. First, these locations can provide visitors with a (2)
comprehensive overview of the traditions in the area they are situated. As a result, such
destinations are generally more appealing to newcomers than to locals, those without the need
to (3) familiarise themselves with the traditional values of the region. Moreover, because the (4)
layout of museums and historical houses is likely to remain unchanged over time, they can be
61
(5) visually unattractive to the local (6) inhabitants, who may have been to these sites at least
once in their younger years.
Several measures can be implemented to raise the attendance rate of locals at museums and
historical sites. An obvious solution is to use such places as the locations for more (7) public
oriented activities, which may change the public's (8) perception that these places are only for
(9) monotonous activities. For example, (10) the Imperial Citadel in Hue City has organised role
playing games about the history ofVietnam for visitors and attracted thousands of local residents
and international tourists. Another solution is that (11) historians and (12) preservationists be
featured more frequently in the media to talk about the tremendous worth of museums and
historical (13) remains. An excellent example of this solution is the frequent appearance of
Doctor Le Van Lan, a famous historian, in many educational television programmes in Vietnam.
To conclude, there are a few reasons why historical sites and museums are uninteresting to
local citizens, including the fact that locals might be too familiar with these places. There are
some solutions to encourage more locals to visit such destinations, such as providing more
media (14) coverage on them.
62
VOCABULARY SET 10: UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE
Vocabulary:
1. catalyst (n): chất xúc tác
2. dominant (adj): thống trị, chi phối, vượt trội
3. engage in (collocation): tham gia
4. everyday communication (collocation): giao tiếp hằng ngày
5. fallacy (n): sai lầm, ngụy biện
6. integrate (v) – integration (n): hợp nhất, hòa hợp
7. intellectual (adj): trí thức, trí tuệ
8. language barrier (collocation): rào cản ngôn ngữ
9. language diversity (collocation): sự đa dạng ngôn ngữ
10. lingua franca (n): ngôn ngữ được chọn để giao tiếp giữa các nhóm người/quốc gia
không dùng chung ngôn ngữ
11. linguist (noun): nhà ngôn ngữ học
12. mutual understanding (collocation): sự hiểu biết lẫn nhau
13. preserve (v): bảo tồn
14. promote (v): khyến khích, quảng cáo

15. universal (adj): chung cho cả thế giới – universal language: ngôn ngữ chung
63
Exercises:
1. universal / idea / love / kindness/find/books/ throughout / world.
2. while / long / car trips /1/ encourage / children / play / intellectual/game/

hangman /chess.
3. unemployment/ dominant/issue/ next / election.
4. international /business/community / see / English / lingua franca.
5. can/fresh fruit / great / way/preserve / future / month.
1. Nếu như người nhập cư không học ngôn ngữ nơi sở tại, họ sẽ không thể hòa hợp với
cộng đồng.
2. Cái đẹp có thể truyền cảm hứng cho hi vọng và mơ ước, và cũng có thể là chất xúc tác cho
những điều vĩ đại.
64
3. Người học ngoại ngữ cần phân biệt rằng ngôn ngữ dùng trong học thuật khác xa với ngôn
ngữ trong giao tiếp hằng ngày.
4. Rào cản về ngôn ngữ là một trong những khó khăn mà những người học tập và làm việc
tại nước ngoài phải đối mặt.
5. Hai chính phủ đã đồng ý tham gia vào một cuộc đối thoại toàn diện để giải quyết vấn đề
catalyst (n) language diversity (collocation)
dominant (adj) lingua franca (n)
engage in (collocation) linguist (noun)
everyday communication (collocation) mutual understanding (collocation)
fallacy (n) preserve (v)
integrate (v) - integration (n) promote (v)
intellectual (adj) universal (adj)
language barrier (collocation)
Scientists saythat in the future humanity will speak the same language. Do you think this is a positive or negative
social development?
Learning languages is of paramount importance to the sustainable development of the

international community. Many people argue that one language will be used as an international
language in the future. I contend that such a development would have many advantages.
There is a common 1 that the use of one language as a 2_

may exert a negative impact on many countries. Many 3 claim that a
4
_language may replace local dialects, bringing minority languages to the
verge of extinction and threatening global 5 However, I believe that such
a claim is an exaggeration. First, in reality, despite the role of English as a common language
65
across most countries in the world, less common languages are being 6
well at present. This can be seen in the case of the Irish language, which was spoken by as
little as 5% of the population of Ireland in the latter half of the 20th century. This language is
now increasingly popular in Ireland as a result of the tireless efforts of the Irish government
to 7
its use in recent years. Another important
point is that the popularity of one international language does not necessarily mean the waning
usage of other languages. An excellent example of this is that English is being spoken as the
in
second language in many countries where the mother tongues are still 8_
9
I am of the opinion that the universality of one language is of great benefit to the development
of the world. The primary reason is that in today's context of globalisation and international
10 theuseofonecommon language promotes 11. between
those who come from different geographical and cultural backgrounds. As a result, international
trade may grow, which would benefit all nations that choose to 12_ this
are removed, all learners

process. Another significant reason is that when 13_
may have access to a wealth of knowledge written exclusively in other languages, and they have
the opportunity to become experts in a variety of areas. This may help every country to build a
stronger 14_ workforce, which could act as the 15 for long
term global development.
In brief, one may conclude that the use of one international language is not necessarily
disadvantageous. There are clear advantages of having a universal language, such as the growth
of international trade and the development of a stronger intellectual workforce in every country.
66
Key:
Task 1:
1. Universal ideas like love and kindness are found in books throughout the world.
2. While on long car trips, I encourage my children to play intellectual games like hangman
and chess.
3. Unemployment will be a dominant issue at the next election.
4. The international business community sees English as a lingua franca.
5. Canning fresh fruit is a great way to preserve it for future months.
Task2: Answers may vary
1. If immigrants don't learn to speak the native languages of their new countries, they won't
be able to integrate into society.
2. Beauty can inspire hopes and dreams, and can be used as a catalyst for great things.
3. Foreign language learners need to know that, the language used in academic situation is
far different from the language used in everyday communication.
4. Language barriers are one of the difficulties that those who work and study abroad have
to face.
5. The two governments have agreed to engage in a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the
problem.
Task 3:
Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language. Do you think this is a positive or negative
social development?
Learning languages is of paramount importance to the sustainable development of the

international community. Many people argue that one language will be used as an international
language in the future. I contend that such a development would have many advantages.
There is a common (1) fallacy that the use of one language as a (2) lingua franca may exert a
negative impact on many countries. Many (3) linguists claim that a (4) universal language may
replace local dialects, bringing minority languages to the verge of extinction and threatening
global (5) language diversity. However, I believe that such a claim is an exaggeration. First, in
reality, despite the role of English as a common language across most countries in the world, less
common languages are being (6) preserved well at present. This can be seen in the case of the
Irish language, which was spoken by as little as 5% of the population of Ireland in the latter half
of the 20th century. This language is now increasingly popular in Ireland as a result of the tireless
67
efforts of the Irish government to (7) promote its use in recent years. Another important point is
that the popularity of one international language does not necessarily mean the waning usage
of other languages. An excellent example of this is that English is being spoken as the second
language in many countries where the mother tongues are still (8) dominant in (9) everyday
communication.
I am of the opinion that the universality of one language is of great benefit to the development
of the world. The primary reason is that in today's context of globalisation and international (10)
integration, the use of one common language promotes (11) mutual understanding between
those who come from different geographical and cultural backgrounds. As a result, international
trade may grow, which would benefit all nations that choose to (12) engage in this process.
Another significant reason is that when (13) language barriers are removed, all learners may
have access to a wealth of knowledge written exclusively in other languages, and they have
the opportunity to become experts in a variety of areas. This may help every country to build a
stronger (14) intellectual workforce, which could act as the (15) catalyst for long-term global
development
In brief, one may conclude that the use of one international language is not necessarily
disadvantageous. There are clear advantages of having a universal language, such as the growth
of international trade and the development of a stronger intellectual workforce in every country.
68
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 4: CHILDREN
VOCABULARY SET 11: CHILDREN WATCHING TELEVISION
Vocabulary:
1. activate (v): khởi động, kích hoạt
2. addictive (adj): gây nghiện / addict (v/n): gây nghiện, người nghiện
3. appeal (v) – appeal to (collocation): có sức hấp dẫn với ai
4. ascribe (v) – ascribe sth to sth/sb: quy cái gì cho ai đó, đổ tại cho ai đó
5. excessive (adj): quá mức, thái quá
6. feasible (adj): khả thi
7. remedy (n): phương thuốc, cách điều trị, cách giải quyết
8. sedentary (adj): (lối sống) ít hoạt động
9. stimulate (v) – stimulating (adj): kích thích, khuyến khích
10. tackle (v): giải quyết (vấn đề nào đó)
11. vivid (adj): sinh động
69
Exercises:
1. there/ great deal / indecision /over/how/tackle / problem.
2. win / grand award / the group/ascribe / success / company's training / hard work/ and/
fans' support.
it.
4.it/ difficult / design / programme / appeal/16 to 25-year-olds / since / age range /

too broad.
5. build/more roads / not / always / best/ remedy / traffic congestion.
1. Để phòng tránh các vấn đề sức khỏe gây ra bởi lối sống trì trệ ít vận động, mọi người được
khuyên chơi ít nhất một môn thể thao thường xuyên.
2. Một số dấu hiệu của bệnh là sốt cao, buồn nôn và ra nhiều mồ hôi.
70
3. Một điều đáng chú ý khi dạy ở bậc đại học là sinh viên có thể yêu thích các hoạt động
mang tính kích thích trí tuệ hơn học sinh cấp dưới.
4. Cô ấy có một năng lực là ghi nhớ sống động từng chi tiết các giấc mơ của mình.
5. Sau khi được giáo viên hướng dẫn phản hồi, luận văn của tôi có vẻ khả thi hơn.
Studies have suggested that children watch much more television than they did in the past and spend less time on
active or creative things. What are the reasons and whatmeasures should be taken to encourage children to spend more
time on active or creative things?
It is now a norm that children watch an 1 amount of television and not
engaging much in active or creative activities. This trend can be 2 to a number
of factors and it must be addressed by definite actions.
Reasons for the trend vary. The primary reason is that children's television programmes
are being broadcast all day with 3. _content, such as 4
and colourful animation. Cartoon Network and Disney Channel with their day-long series of
animation shows are an evident example of this. Another clear reason is that parents nowadays
are busy with their work, so they want children to focus on an activity that does not require much
of their attention, such as watching television. These two reasons tend to make children spend
more time in front of the television screen; this 5 _lifestyle prevents them from
participating in active or creative activities.
A number of strong measures should be implemented to 6_ the issue.
The first solution is limiting the amount of time that a child can watch television. This could be
done by 7. the parental control mode and setting a fixed operating time limit
on their television set. Another 8 _solution is that parents could spend more
time with their children and together they could engage in outdoor or creative activities. For
example, parents could form a family sport team that practices on a regular basis, which may
9 to children more than television.
71
To conclude, there are obvious reasons why children watch too much television and spend
little time on more 10_ activities. This negative trend could be tackled by a
number of 11
such as activating the parental control mode on television sets.
72
Key:
Task 1:
1. There is a great deal of indecision over how to tackle the problem.
2. Winning the grand award, the group ascribed their success to the company's training,
their hard work, and their fans' support.
3. It is believed that human brain's capability is limitless, but the question is how to fully
activate it.
4. It is difficult to design a programme that appeal to 16 to 25-year-olds since the age range
is too broad.
5. Building more roads isn't always the best remedy for traffic congestion.
1. To prevent health problems caused by sedentary lifestyles, it is advised to play at least one
sport on a regular basis.
2. Some symptoms of the disease are high fever, nausea, and excessive sweating.
3. One note when teaching at university is, the students may favour more intellectually
stimulating activities than high schoolers do.
4. She has a talent for remembering her dreams in vivid details.
5. After receiving feedbacks from the supervisor, my graduation thesis looks more feasible
to conduct.
Task 3:
Studies have suggested that children watch much more television than they did in the past and spend less time on
active or creative things. What are the reasons and what measures should be taken to encourage children to spend more
time on active or creative things?
It is now a norm that children watch an (1) excessive amount of television and not engaging
much in active or creative activities. This trend can be (2) ascribed to a number of factors and it
must be addressed by definite actions.
Reasons for the trend vary. The primary reason is that children's television programmes are
being broadcast all day with (3) addictive content, such as (4) vivid and colourful animation.
Cartoon Network and Disney Channel with their day-long series of animation shows are an
evident example of this. Another clear reason is that parents nowadays are busy with their work,
so they want children to focus on an activity that does not require much of their attention, such
as watching television. These two reasons tend to make children spend more time in front of
73
the television screen; this (5) sedentary lifestyle prevents them from participating in active or
creative activities.
A number of strong measures should be implemented to (6) tackle the issue. The first solution is
limiting the amount of time that a child can watch television. This could be done by (7) activating
the parental control mode and setting a fixed operating time limit on their television set. Another
(8) feasible solution is that parents could spend more time with their children and together they
could engage in outdoor or creative activities. For example, parents could form a family sport
team that practices on a regular basis, which may (9) appeal to children more than television.
To conclude, there are obvious reasons why children watch too much television and spend
little time on more (10) stimulating activities. This negative trend could be tackled by a number
of (11) remedies, such as activating the parental control mode on television sets.
74
VOCABULARY SET 12: DELAYED PARENTHOOD
Vocabulary:
1. a norm (n): quy phạm, chuẩn mực
2. a sound foundation (n): nền tảng vững chắc
3. be ascribed to (collocation): quy cho
4. comprehensive education (collocation): giáo dục toàn diện
5. defer (v): trì hoãn
6. delayed parenthood (np): có con muộn
7. excessive bleeding (collocation): mất nhiều máu
8. health risk (collocation): nguy cơ về sức khỏe
9. interrupt (verb): gián đoạn
10. interruption (n): sự gián đoạn
11. irreparably damaged: chịu tổn thất nặng nề, khó cứu vãn
12. maternal (adj): thuộc về người mẹ; maternity (n)
13. prosperity (n): nền thịnh vượng
14. prosperous (adj): giàu có
15. reap the benefits (collocation): gặt hái thành quả

16. the prenatal and postnatal period: thời kỳ trước và sau khi sinh.
17. valid (adj): hợp lí, có cơ sở
75
» SCHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed
1. Increase/violence domestic/ could/ ascribed/ number/social reason.
2. Trend /delayed parenthood/ could/ leave/ gap /live/ older generation.
3. Although /she/support/ delayed parenthood, birth/her/son/be/minor interruption/

her/ career.
4. She/study/ day and night/ reap/ benefit / exam time.
5. Other/do/ hard work/ you/ reap the benefit/ their/ labour.
6. Risk/vaccination/small/compare/ health risks/ associated/ disease/they/intend/ prevent.
7. Women/have/minimal problem/ abnormal bleeding/ whereas/ others/ have

unpredictable/ excessive bleeding.
8. Future prosperity/nation/depend /level /education /it/level; therefore the government

should/create/ every opportunity/ for /children/get/education/ regardless/ their /family
background.
76
9. maternal leave/could/ put /women/ disadvantaged position/ due to /high possibility /
losing job/ high-competitive/ working /environment.
a norm (n) interrupt (verb)
a sound foundation (n) interruption (n)
be ascribed to (collocation) irreparably damaged
comprehensive education (collocation): maternal (adj)
defer (v) maternity (n)
delayed parenthood (np) prosperity (n)
excessive bleeding (collocation) prosperous (adj)
health risk (collocation) reap the benefits (collocation)
valid (adj) the prenatal and postnatal period
Nowadays, moreand more peopledecide to have children later in theirlife.
What are the reasons? Is this a negative or positive trend?
In modern society, there has been a growing concern that many couples have 1.
This social trend could be 2. a number of reasons, and firmly believe that it is
I
more of a negative rather than a positive phenomenon.
A few reasons can be given to justify the trend of giving birth at later stages of life. The primary
reason is that the labour market is increasingly competitive, and it is 3 that young
parents 4 having children to devote more of their time to lay 5_ for
their future career. Another significant reason is that it is believed that children are raised better
by older parents. This seems 6. due to the fact that older fathers and mothers are
generally wealthier, more experienced, and more willing to take the responsibility of bringing
up a child.
firmly believe that the negative aspects of this trend outweigh its positive ones. From a
I
positive perspective, agree with the belief that children born to more 7 and
I
experienced parents can receive more 8_ , and thus contribute more to society when
77
of this trend, as
they reach adulthood. In each household, the parents may also 9
their first working years are not 10. by pregnancy and childcare. However, I would
that are far
contend that delayed parenthood is associated with a number of 11.
more significant than the aforementioned advantages. When an aged couple decide to give
birth, there are serious health risks for the woman in 12_ such as 13
after childbirth. If any complicated 14 health problem arises, the life of whole
family would be 15. damaged.
To conclude, the tendency to have children at a later age is caused by a number of factors,
such as the competitiveness of the job market for young adults. Although I accept that there
are a few benefits of this trend, I am strongly of the opinion that the drawbacks are far more
significant for future parents to consider.
78
Key:
Task 1:
1. The increase in violence domestics could be ascribed to a number of social reasons
2. A trend in delayed parenthood could leave a gap in the lives of the older generation.
3. Although she supported the delayed parenthood, the birth of her son was a minor
interruption to her career.
4. She studied day and night and reaped the benefit at the exam time.
5. Others have done the hard work and you reap the benefit of their labour.
6. The risks of vaccinations are small compared with the health risks associated with the
diseases they've intended to prevent.
7. Some women have minimal problems with abnormal bleeding whereas others have
unpredictable, excessive bleeding.
8. The future prosperity of a nation depends on the level of education of its'level; thereforethe
government should create every opportunity for children to get education in regardless of
their family background.
9. Maternal leave could put women in the disadvantaged position due to the high possibility
of losing job in high-competitive working environment.
Task 2:
Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life.
What are the reasons? Is this a negative or positive trend?
In modern society, there has been a growing concern that many couples have (1) delayed
parenthood. This social trend could be (2) ascribed to a number of reasons, and I firmly believe
that it is more of a negative rather than a positive phenomenon.
A few reasons can be given to justify the trend of giving birth at later stages of life. The primary
reason is that the labour market is increasingly competitive, and it is (3) a norm that young
parents (4) defer having children to devote more of their time to lay (5) a sound foundation for
their future career. Another significant reason is that it is believed that children are raised better
by older parents. This seems (6) valid due to the fact that older fathers and mothers are generally
wealthier, more experienced, and more willing to take the responsibility of bringing up a child.
I firmly believe that the negative aspects of this trend outweigh its positive ones. From a
positive perspective, agree with the belief that children born to more (7) prosperous and
I
experienced parents can receive more (8) comprehensive education, and thus contribute more
79
, CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
to society when they reach adulthood. In each household, the parents may also (9) reap the
benefits of this trend, as their first working years are not (10) interrupted by pregnancy and
childcare. However, I would contend that delayed parenthood is associated with a number of (11)
health risks that are far more significant than the aforementioned advantages. When an aged
couple decide to give birth, there are serious health risks for the woman in (12) the prenatal
and postnatal period, such as (13) excessive bleeding after childbirth. If any complicated (14)
maternal health problem arises, the life of whole family would be (15) irreparably damaged.
To conclude, the tendency to have children at a later age is caused by a number of factors,
such as the competitiveness of the job market for young adults. Although I accept that there
are a few benefits of this trend, I am strongly of the opinion that the drawbacks are far more
significant for future parents to consider.
80
VOCABULARY SET 13: GRAND PARENTS VS CHILDCARE CENTRES
Vocabulary:
1.
a fraction (n): một phần nhỏ, một chút
2. assure (v): đảm bảo, cam đoan, trấn an
3.
balanced meal (s) (np): bữa ăn cân bằng (về dinh dưỡng)
4.
be in favour of (collocation): yêu thích, ủng hộ, thiên vị
5. be/get exposed to (collocation): được tiếp xúc với
6. comprehensive development / all-rounded progress (np): phát triển toàn diện
7. detriment (n): tổn hại
8. foster (v): nuôi dưỡng, nhận nuôi
9. monitor (v): theo dõi
10. negotiate (v): thương lượng, đàm phán
11. norm (n): quy phạm, chuẩn mực
12. nutrient need(s) (np): nhu cầu dinh dưỡng
13. physical and intellectual growth (np): tăng trưởng về thể chất và trí tuệ
14. ratio (n): tỉ lệ
15. standardise (v): tiêu chuẩn hóa
16, tailor (v): điều chỉnh
81
Exercises:
1. Standardised / English test / believe / ensure / fairness/test-taker.
2. Neglected child / remove / her home / and/place/ foster family.
3. Comprehensive development / mean / provide / children / opportunity / learn / what/
they / want.
4. Ratio/men/women/ the conference / ten / one.
5. Although / sexual / violent / crimes / increase/13 percent/they/ remain/small/fraction

/total number / crimes / commit / each year.
1. Nhu cầu dinh dưỡng ở mỗi lứa tuổi là khác nhau, bởi vậy, thực đơn cần được điều chỉnh đề
cung cấp cho trẻ em những bữa ăn cân bằng và tốt cho sức khỏe.
2. Một cách để nuôi dưỡng tình yêu âm nhạc của trẻ là cho chúng theo học các lớp nhạc cụ.
82
3. Mỗi quốc gia có chuẩn mực xã hội riêng, bởi vậy, khi một cá nhân bước vào một đất nước
khác, việc họ nên làm là tự thương lượng giữa giá trị văn hóa cũ và mới.
4. Những tổn hại mà cơn bão gây ra cho các làng ven biển là không thể đong đếm được.
5. Thủ tướng cam đoan với người dân sẽ không tăng thuế sau kì bầu cử.
a fraction (n) monitor (v)
assure (v) negotiate (v)
balanced meal(s) (np) norm (n)
be in favour of (collocation) nutrient need(s) (np)
be/get exposed to (collocation) physical and intellectual growth (np):
comprehensive development / all-rounded ratio (n)
progress (np) standardise (v)
detriment (n) tailor (v)
foster (v)
Nowadays, many families have both parents working. Some working parents believe other family members like
grandparents can take care of their children, while others think childcare centres provide the best care.
It is a social 1 that both parents pursue their career paths outside of the
home, and their children are taken care of either by teachers at nurseries or by grandparents.
While the latter option is advantageous to some, I strongly believe nursery schools provide the
best preparation for children.
There are reasons why some parents 2 having their children being
looked after by grandparents. First, unlike childcare centres, grandparents do not usually
demand a payment for their service. To some financially disadvantaged families, this can be
the most economical choice. Furthermore, with grandparents' support, the children-caretaker
3 can be just 4 of that at a nursery. This means there
83
will be more eyes to 5.
every step the child takes, to 6 an
environment free of any 7.
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that sending children to preschools is a more beneficial
solution for a more 8 educational methods, these
With 9
schools may 10 both the 11 of children. For instance,

children can 12_
a diversity of opinions and backgrounds, thus developing
their social skills by 13. with other kids. Moreover, at these places, healthy and
14
for children can be provided, according tomenusthatare 15
to fit the 16
of different ages. As a result, preschool children may progress faster
than those who are home-schooled, both psychologically and physically.
In conclusion, even though some parents still choose to have childcare support from grandparents,
I believe that kindergarten is the right place for a greater 17_ of a child.
84
Key:
Task 1:
1. Standardised English tests are believed to ensure fairness to test-takers.
2. The neglected child was removed from her home and placed with a foster family.
3. Comprehensive development means providing children with opportunities to learn what

they want.
4. The ratio of men to women at the conference was ten to one.
5. Although sexual and violent crimes have increased by 13 percent, they remain a small
fraction of the total number of crimes committed each year.
Task2: Answers mayvary
1. Nutrient needs of different ages are not similar; therefore, menus need to be tailored to
provide children with balanced and healthy meals.
2. One way of fostering a love for music in children is to let them take musical instrument
courses.
3. Each country has its own social norms; therefore, when a person steps into a new country,
what they should do is self-negotiating between old and new cultural values.
4. The detriments that the storm caused to coastal villages are uncountable.
5. The Prime minister assured citizens that taxes would not be increased after the election.
Task 3:
Nowadays, many families have both parents working. Some working parents believe other family members like
grandparents can take care oftheir children, while others think childcare centres provide the best care.
Discuss both views and give yourown opinion.
It is a social (1) norm that both parents pursue their career paths outside of the home, and
their children are taken care of either by teachers at nurseries or by grandparents. While the latter
option is advantageous to some, I strongly believe nursery schools provide the best preparation
for children.
There are reasons why some parents (2) are in favour of having their children being looked
after by grandparents. First, unlike childcare centres, grandparents do not usually demand a
payment for their service. To some financially disadvantaged families, this can be the most
economical choice. Furthermore, with grandparents' support, the children-caretaker (3) ratio
can be just (4) a fraction of that at a nursery. This means there will be more eyes to (5) monitor
every step the child takes, to (6) assure an environment free of any (7) detriment.
85
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that sending children to preschools is a more beneficial
solution for a more (8) comprehensive development. With (9) standardised educational
methods, these schools may (10) foster both the (11) physical and intellectual growth of
children. For instance, children can (12) be exposed to a diversity of opinions and backgrounds,
thus developing their social skills by (13) negotiating with other kids. Moreover, at these places,
healthy and (14) balanced meals for children can be provided, according to menus that are
(15) tailored to fit the (16) nutrient needs of different ages. As a result, preschool children may
progress faster than those who are home-schooled, both psychologically and physically.
In conclusion, even though some parents still choose to have childcare support from
grandparents, I believe that kindergarten is the right place for a greater (17) all-rounded
progress of a child.
86
VOCABULARY SET 14: INDULGING CHILDREN
Vocabulary:
1.
adverse (adj): bất lợi, tiêu cực, có hại
2. cope with sth (collocation): đối mặt với điều gì
3. deprive sb of sth (collocation): tước đoạt từ ai cái gì
4. developmental stage (collocation): giai đoạn phát triển
5. dire (adj): tàn khốc, thê thảm
6. inadvertently (adv) – inadvertent (adj): ngẫu nhiên, vô tình
7. indulge (v) – indulgence (n) – indulgent (adj): nuông chiều – hay chiều theo
8. lenient (adj): khoan dung, nhân hậu, dễ dãi
9. over-indulgence (np): việc nuông chiều thái quá

10. parenting problem (collocation): vấn đề liên quan đến việc làm cha mẹ
11. personal hygiene (np): vệ sinh cá nhân
12. preadolescent (adj): vị thành niên

13. satisfy all the needs (collocation): thỏa mãn các nhu cầu
14. spoon-feed (vp): (nghĩa đen) xúc cơm; (nghĩa bóng) quá chiều chuộng ai đó, tạo điều
kiện quá dễ dàng cho ai đó
15. unfavourable (adj): bất lợi
87
Exercises:
1. although /1/ often / indulge / favourite / chocolates /1/ maintain /healthy/ weight/
exercise/daily.
2.by/give out/print/ sheets/ facts/theories / teachers / spoon-feed/us/what/we/

need / exam.
3. children / third world/ country / very ill / and/ dire / need / clean water.
4. there/ a lot/website/organisation / that/help/young parent/deal/parenting problem.
5. you / cannot / function/proper / when / you/ deprive / sleep
1. Có thể nói hậu quả kinh hoàng nhất của bạo lực là những vết thương, hoặc cái chết mà
người ngoài cuộc vô tình gánh phải.
2. Khi thầy hiệu trưởng không ở trường, các thầy cô dường như dễ dãi hơn đối với học sinh.
88
3. Một trong những cách hiệu quả nhất để chúng ta bảo vệ bản thân và những người xung
quanh khỏi bệnh tật là những kĩ năng vệ sinh cá nhân hoàn hảo.
4. Nhận ra phản ứng bất lợi của anh ấy với thuốc, chúng tôi vội đưa anh ấy đến bệnh viện.
5. Các con tin bị giam giữ trong một thời gian dài đến nỗi họ không thể xoay sở với thế giới
bên ngoài.
adverse (adj) lenient (adj)
cope with sth (collocation) over-indulgence (np)
deprive sb of sth (collocation) parenting problem (collocation)
developmental stage (collocation) personal hygiene (np)
dire (adj) preadolescent (adj)
inadvertently (adv) - inadvertent (adj) satisfy all the needs (collocation)
indulge (v) - indulgence (n) - indulgent (adj) spoon-feed (vp)
unfavourable (adj)
Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good for children? What are the
consequences when they grow up?
1 children has become a common 2

in many modern
families. From my perspective, this practice may create some immediate 3_
impacts on children and also results in long-term consequences for them.
In the short term, it is possible that 4 causes some delay to the process in
which children learn important life skills. This can be seen in a variety of age groups, ranging from
toddlers to teenagers. In Vietnam, for example, many over-caring parents 5
their children until they are five or six, the 6 in which they should have already
been able to eat independently. Also in Vietnam, there is a common practice that parents assist
89
CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
their 7
_children in taking a bath or a shower. As a result, children may fail to
acquire basic 8
skills at the right time.
In the long run, the consequences are even more 9. as over-indulged

children grow up. If parents unconditionally 10_ of their children, they may
11
make their children become over-reliant on other people. When these
children enter adulthood, the inability to live independently can cause some difficulties for them
to maintain their overall well-being; for instance, they may be unaware of what to do when they
catch a fever. Furthermore, it is a norm that over-indulgent parents are 12
and do not require children to face the consequences of their misbehaviour. In general, this 13
children of the opportunities to learn from mistakes, which may cause their
problem-solving skills to be severely lacking in the future.
From the issues outlined above, one can conclude that over-indulgence may produce a num
ber of 14 _effects on children, including the delay in gaining crucial life skills
such as self-feeding and the long-term consequence of lacking the ability 15_
as adults in the future.
90
Key:
Task 1:
1. Although I often indulge in my favourite chocolates, I maintain a healthy weight by

exercising daily.
2. By giving out printed sheets of facts and theories, the teachers spoon-fed us with what
we needed for the exam.
3. The children in third world countries are very ill and in dire need of clean water.
4. There are a lot of websites and organisations that help young parents deal with their
parenting problems.
5. You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep.
1. Probably the most horrific consequences of violence are the inadvertent injuries or
deaths of innocent bystanders.
2. When the principal is out of the building, the teachers seem to be more lenient with
their students.
3. One of the most effective ways we have to protect ourselves and others from illness is
perfect personal hygiene skills.
4. Realizing his intense adverse reaction to the drug, we rushed him to the hospital.
5. The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.
Task 3:
Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good for children? What are the
consequences when they grow up?
(1) Indulging children has become a common (2) parenting problem in many modern
families. From my perspective, this practice may create some immediate (3) adverse impacts on
children and also results in long-term consequences for them.
In the short term, it is possible that (4) over-indulgence causes some delay to the process
in which children learn important life skills. This can be seen in a variety of age groups, ranging
from toddlers to teenagers. In Vietnam, for example, many over-caring parents (5) spoon-feed
their children until they are five or six, the (6) developmental stage in which they should have
already been able to eat independently. Also in Vietnam, there is a common practice that parents
assist their (7) preadolescent children in taking a bath or a shower. As a result, children may fail
to acquire basic (8) personal hygiene skills at the right time.
91
In the long run, the consequences are even more (9) dire as over-indulged children
grow up. If parents unconditionally (10) satisfy all the needs of their children, they may
(11) inadvertently make their children become over-reliant on other people. When these
children enter adulthood, the inability to live independently can cause some difficulties for them
to maintain their overall well-being; for instance, they may be unaware of what to do when they
catch a fever. Furthermore, it is a norm that over-indulgent parents are (12) lenient and do not
require children to face the consequences of their misbehaviour. In general, this (13) deprives
children of the opportunities to learn from mistakes, which may cause their problem-solving
skills to be severely lacking in the future.
From the issues outlined above, one can conclude that over-indulgence may produce a
number of (14) unfavourable effects on children, including the delay in gaining crucial life skills
such as self-feeding and the long-term consequence of lacking the ability to (15) cope with
problems as adults in the future.
92
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 5: EDUCATION
VOCABULARY SET 15: CRITICISING TEACHERS
Vocabulary:
1.
(an) open discussion(s) (np): cuộc thảo luận mở
2. better (v): cải thiện
3. detrimentally (adv): bất lợi
4. discipline – indiscipline (n): kỉ luật – vô kỉ luật
5. educational quality (np): chất lượng giáo dục
6. exacerbate (v): làm trầm trọng thêm
7. imitate (v): bắt chước
8. initial instability (np): những bất ổn ban đầu
9. lose one’s temper (collocation): mất bình tĩnh, nổi nóng
10. pedagogical skills (np): kĩ năng sư phạm
11. proactive (adj): chủ động
12. sense of n/Ving (collocation): cảm giác, ý thức

13. student – centred teaching: cách giảng dạy lấy người học làm trung tâm
14. two-way communication: giao tiếp hai chiều (giáo viên <--> học sinh)
4
15. undermine (v): làm tổn hại, gây ảnh hưởng
16. undoubtedly (adv): rõ ràng, chắc chắn
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CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾTYẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:

1. Điều quyết định một nơi làm việc lý tưởng là “cảm giác thuộc về.
2. Mặc dù có những bất ổn ban đầu, sự thay đổi chương trình giảng dạy đã nâng cao chất
lượng giáo dục và cải thiện kĩ năng sư phạm của giáo viên.
3. Cách giảng dạy lấy người học làm trung tâm, sử dụng giao tiếp hai chiều và các cuộc thảo
luận mở giúp học sinh chủ động hơn trong việc học và thúc đẩy giáo viên soạn ra nhiều
bài giảng thú vị hơn.
4. Kỉ luật chắc chắn là điều không thể thiếu trong giáo dục chính thống.
5. Việc nhập cư vào nước Mĩ chịu ảnh hưởng bất lợi kể từ khi ông Donald Trump đắc cử
tổng thống.
1. The exorbitant cost of land in urban areas only. the problem.
2. characters in movies can be an effective way of practicing speaking.
3. A hurried decision can years of hard work.
4. After a long day at work, I. and yelled at my customers.
5. Recent student violence statistics worry public about in schools.
94
(an) open discussion (s) (np) lose one's temper (collocation)
better (v) pedagogical skills (np)
detrimentally (adv) proactive (adj)
discipline - indiscipline (n) sense of n/Ving (collocation)
educational quality (np) student-centred teaching
exacerbate (v) two-way communication
imitate (v) undermine (v)
initial instability (np) undoubtedly (adv)
Many people argue that in order to improve educational quality, high school students are encouraged to make
comments or even criticism on their teachers. Others think it will lead to loss ofrespect and discipline in the classroom.
In recent decades, whether high school students should be free to evaluate and criticise their
educators has evolved into a major topic of concern. While some people think that disrespect
and 1 _are an unavoidable outcome of this approach, I would contend it
would result in increased 2
On the one hand, there is a common belief that enabling students to judge teachers may
3 students' 4 respect and 5 This is primarily because
some high school students are generally immature and inexperienced. Therefore, some of them
tend to 6 and overreact each time they are disciplined by teachers. The problem
can ther 7 when all the students see their peers criticising the teachers.
They may think of such action as the right way to behave and start to 8_ _it. As
a result, respect for the teacher may be lost and the classroom learning environment may be
9 affected.
On the other hand, side with those who believe that giving students the total freedom in
I
expressing their thoughts and feelings towards teachers may enhance educational quality. To
explain, many countries are promoting 10_ with 11 where
12
between teachers and students on any topic, including teaching methodology
and the effectiveness of the teaching programmes, are encouraged. This approach has a clear
advantage of making students become 13_ in studying. It also provides teach
ers a chance 14 their 15 by receiving feedback
from students. In this way, both the learners and the educators can achieve higher academically.
1
95
In conclusion, the educational method of encouraging high school students to judge

their teachers will 16 lead to enhanced academic achievements, despite
in the form of
the possibility that some classes may experience some 17.
disrespect or lack of discipline.
96
Key:

1. The key that decides an ideal workplace is the sense of belonging.
2. Despite initial instability, the changes in curriculum have enhanced educational quality
and bettered teachers' pedagogical skills.
3. Student centred teaching using two-way communication and open discussions have
helped students to be more proactive in learning and motivated teachers to create more
exciting lessons.
4. Discipline is undoubtedly unavoidable in formal schooling.
5. Immigrating to America has been detrimentally affected since Donald Trump was elected
President.
1. exacerbated 2. Imitating 3. undermine 4. lost my temper 5. Indiscipline
Task 3:
Many people argue that in order to improve educational quality, high school students are encouraged to make
comments or even criticism on their teachers. Others think it will lead to loss of respect and discipline in the classroom.
In recent decades, whether high school students should be free to evaluate and criticise their
educators has evolved into a major topic of concern. While some people think that disrespect
and (1) indiscipline are an unavoidable outcome of this approach, I would contend it would
result in increased (2) educational quality.
On the one hand, there is a common belief that enabling students to judge teachers may (3)
undermine students' (4) sense of respect and (5) discipline. This is primarily because some high
school students are generally immature and inexperienced. Therefore, some of them tend to (6)
lose their temper and overreact each time they are disciplined by teachers. The problem can be
further (7) exacerbated when all the students see their peers criticising the teachers. They may
think of such action as the right way to behave and start to (8) imitate it. As a result, respect for the
teacher may be lost and the classroom learning environment may be (9) detrimentally affected.
On the other hand, I side with those who believe that giving students the total freedom
in expressing their thoughts and feelings towards teachers may enhance educational quality.
To explain, many countries are promotings (10) student-centred teaching with 11 two-way
communication, where (12) en discussions between teachers and students on any topic,
including teaching methodology and the effectiveness of the teaching programmes, are
97
BÁO CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾTYẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
encouraged. This approach has a clear advantage of making students become (13) proactive in
studying. It also provides teachers with a chance to (14) better their (15) pedagogical skills by
receiving feedback from students. In this way, both the learners and the educators can achieve
higher academically.
In conclusion, the educational method of encouraging high school students to judge their
teachers will (16) undoubtedly lead to enhanced academic achievements, despite the possibility
that some classes may experience some (17) initial instability in the form of disrespect or lack
of discipline.
98
VOCABULARY SET 16: GAP YEAR
Vocabulary:
1.
absorb knowledge (collocation): tiếp thu kiến thức
2. an accelerating trend of sth (collocation): xu hướng tăng nhanh
3. appealing (adj): hấp dẫn
4.
be better prepared for (collocation): được chuẩn bị tốt hơn
5. diverse cultural settings (np): môi trường văn hóa đa dạng
6. enrich oneself with (collocation): làm giàu bản thân với gì đó
7. enter adulthood (collocation): mới trưởng thành
8. firm determination (collocation): quyết tâm mạnh mẽ
9. formal schooling (collocation): trường lớp chính thống
10. physically demanding job (np): công việc yêu cầu cao về thể lực
11. scarcity (n): sự thiếu hụt
12. tertiary education (np): giáo dục sau phổ thông
99
Exercises:
1. There / accelerating trend/young people / travel abroad.
2. It / take / firm determination/complete / tertiary education.
3. By / read books / students / enrich oneself with / new knowledge.
4. Formal schooling / not / appealing /to/those / just / enter adulthood.
5. People / work abroad / absorb knowledge / diverse cultural settings.
6. Vietnam / physically demanding jobs/be/ often / underpaid.
7. Trend/ gap year / lead / scarcity / intellectual workforce.
8. Since / students / can/provide / working experiences / during / gap year/they/be

better prepared / future jobs.
100
9. High-schoolers / need / decide / whether / wish / pursue / tertiary education / not.
10. There/be/scarcity / qualified professionals/Vietnam / hospitality industry.
absorb knowledge (collocation) enter adulthood (collocation)
an accelerating trend of sth (collocation) firm determination (collocation)
appealing (adj) formal schooling (collocation)
be better prepared for (collocation) physically demanding job (np)
diverse cultural settings (np) scarcity (n)
enrich oneself with (collocation) tertiary education (np)
Some students prefer to take a gap year between high school and university, to work or to travel.
Do the advantages ofthis outweigh the disadvantages?
In today's world, there has been an 1 of students taking a break from
studying before pursuing 2 While this trend is beneficial to some extent, I

am firmly of the opinion that its shortcomings are weightier for the followers of this trend.
A gap year may enable students to 3 real-life experiences that are

beneficial to their future. These may include having a paid job, from which those who have just
4 may learn many working skills, such as communication, teamwork and
following orders. As a result, the youngsters taking a gap year are 5 for their
future jobs. Some may also travel the world and 6 of 7 and
from different geographical contexts. In this globalised world, such knowledge is essential for
developing a successful career.
However, I strongly believe the disadvantages of taking a gap year for recent high-school
graduates are serious, far outweighing the advantages. The primary reason is that the young can
be overwhelmed by the unwanted difficulties of life outside of school campus. For example, a
8 can be exhausting for most school-leavers. Another significant reason is that
to the youngsters without 9. earning money and living without the discipline
of 10 could be more 11 _than returning to school after the
101
gap year. Consequently, there could be a 12. of intellectual workforce in the
future as there will be fewer university students.
All in all, I personally believe that there are some serious drawbacks associated with a gap
year that far outweigh the potential gains.
102
Key:
Task 1:
1. There has been an accelerating trend of young people traveling abroad.

2. It takes firm determination to complete tertiary education.
3. By reading books, students (can/may) enrich themselves with new knowledge.
4. Formal schooling may not be / is not appealing to those who have just entered adulthood.
5. People working abroad / who work abroad (can/may) absorb knowledge from diverse
cultural settings.
6. In Vietnam, physically demanding jobs are often underpaid.
7. The trend of taking a gap year can / may lead to the scarcity of intellectual workforce.
8. Since students can/may/might be provided with working experiences during the gap
year, they can/may/might be better prepared for their future jobs.
9. High-schoolers need to decide whether they wish to pursue tertiary education or not.
10. There has been / is a scarcity of qualified professionals in Vietnamese hospitality industry.
Task 2:
Some students prefer to take a gap year between high school and university, to work or to travel.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
In today's world, there has been an (1) accelerating trend of students taking a break from
studying before pursuing (2) tertiary education. While this trend is beneficial to some extent,
I am firmly of the opinion that its shortcomings are weightier for the followers of this trend.
A gap year may enable students to (3) enrich themselves with real-life experiences that are
beneficial to their future. These may include having a paid job, from which those who have just
(4) entered adulthood may learn many working skills, such as communication, teamwork and
following orders. As a result, the youngsters taking a gap year are (5) better prepared for their
future jobs. Some may also travel the world and (6) absorb knowledge of (7) diverse cultural
settings and from different geographical contexts. In this globalised world, such knowledge is
essential for developing a successful career.
However, strongly believe the disadvantages of taking a gap year for recent high-school
I
graduates are serious, far outweighing the advantages. The primary reason is that the young
can be overwhelmed by the unwanted difficulties of life outside of school campus. For example,
a (8) physically demanding job can be exhausting for most school-leavers. Another significant
reason is that to the youngsters without (9) firm determination, earning money and living
103
without the discipline of (10) formal schooling could be more (11) appealing than returning to
school after the gap year. Consequently, there could be a (12) scarcity of intellectual workforce
in the future as there will be fewer university students.
All in all, I personally believe that there are some serious drawbacks associated with a gap
year that far outweigh the potential gains.
104
VOCABULARY SET 17: HOME VS DORMITORIES
Vocabulary:
1. all-round (adj): toàn diện
2. assume (v): đảm nhận, giành lấy, giả sử, cho rằng
3.
be exposed to + N/Ving: tiếp xúc với
4.
concentrate on (collocation): tập trung
5.
dilemma (n): tình thế khó xử, tiến thoái lưỡng nan
6. distinct (adj): khác biệt, rõ ràng, dễ nhận thấy
7. evidently (adv): hiển nhiên, rõ ràng
8. financial management (np): quản lý tài chính
9. foster (v): bồi dưỡng, khuyến khích
10. home management (np): quản lý gia đình
11. multi-culture (n) – multi-cultural (adj): đa dạng văn hóa
12. over-reliant (adj): dựa dẫm
13. problem-solving (n-Ving): giải quyết vấn đề

14. residence (n) – resident (n): nơi cư trú – người cư trú
15. responsibility (n) – responsible (adj): trách nhiệm
16. self-reliant (adj) - self-reliance (n): tự lực
105
Exercises:
1. sales chart/show/ distinct / decline / past / few month.
2. audience / evidently / not / enjoy/show/ and/some / begin / leave.
3. president/clearly / in a dilemma / how / tackle / crisis.
4. financial management / define/as/deal/ and / analyse / money / investment / for /

person / or /business/help/make/business decision.
5. problem-solving / often / carry on/by/process / visualisation.
Task 2:Translate from Vietnamese to English
1. Cô ấy đang phải đối mặt với một tình huống nan giải giữa việc cãi lại cha mình hoặc đánh
mất chàng trai mà mình yêu.
2. Những kẻ khủng bố giành được quyền kiểm soát máy bay và bắt buộc hạ cánh tại sa mạc.
106
3. Đây là một bộ phim hay, nhưng cốt truyện rất phức tạp nên người xem cần phải thực sự
tập trung.
4. Ngài thủ tướng nhận toàn bộ trách nhiệm về vụ thảm họa và từ chức.
5. Những ai được tiếp xúc với ngôn ngữ nước ngoài từ nhỏ có thể phát âm giống người bản
xứ của ngôn ngữ đó.
all-round (adj) foster (v)
assume (v) home management (np)
be exposed to + n/Ving multi-culture (n) - multi-cultural (adj)
concentrate on (collocation) over-reliant (adj)
dilemma (n) problem-solving (n/Ving)
distinct (adj) residence (n) - resident (n)
evidently (adv) responsibility (n) - responsible (adj)
financial management (np) self-reliant (adj) - self-reliance (n)
It is better for college students to live in schools than live at home with theirparents. Do you agree or disagree?
Many students are faced with the 1 of whether to live in a university

dormitory or at home with their parents. From my perspective, a dormitory is 2
the better option for most students.
Firstly, there is a common belief that living with their parents is better for students' personal
development. Many people argue that students living at home may fully 3
their academic studies because their parents are likely to support them in various ways, such as
by doing household tasks. However, I believe some students may become 4

on their parents as a result, and thus do not develop the ability to live independently in the
future. By contrast, students who live in dormitories must 5 in all aspects
107
of life. Therefore, they may acquire the skills necessary for 6. ranging from
7
and 8 to meal planning and 9. allof
which are essential to 10 the 11 personal development of
this group of students.
In addition, there are several 12. _advantages of choosing on-campus

13
The most evident advantage is that students who choose this type
of accommodation would have easy access to libraries and various learning resources
that are readily available at university. Another clear benefit is that those living in student
accommodation 14 .As a result, students are better prepared to live in today's
15 world.
From the issues outlined above, one can conclude that living on a university campus is a
better choice for students than living at home with their parents. I predict that the number of
students choosing to live in university accommodation will remain high in the future.
108
Key:
Task 1:
1. The sales chart shows a distinct decline in the past few months.
2. The audience evidently weren't enjoying the show and some people began to leave.
3. The president is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.
4. Financial management is defined as dealing with and analyzing money and investments
for a person or a business to help make business decisions.
5. Problem-solving is often carried on by processes of visualisation.
1. She is facing the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves.
2. The terrorists assumed control of the plane and forced it to land in the desert.
3. It's a good film, but the plot is very complicated, so viewers really have to concentrate.
4. The minister took full responsibility for the disaster and resigned.
5. Those who have been exposed to a foreign language since early age are likely to sound
like native speakers of that language.
Task 3:
Itis better for college students to live in schools than live at home with their parents. Do you agree or disagree?
Many students are faced with the (1) dilemma of whether to live in a university dormitory or
at home with their parents. From my perspective, a dormitory is (2) evidently the better option
for most students.
development. Many people argue that students living at home may fully (3) concentrate on their
academic studies because their parents are likely to support them in various ways, such as by doing
household tasks. However, I believe some students may become (4) over-reliant on their parents
as a result, and thus do not develop the ability to live independently in the future. By contrast,
students who live in dormitories must (5) assume responsibility in all aspects of life. Therefore,
they may acquire the skills necessary for (6) self-reliance, ranging from (7) financial management
and (8) problem-solving to meal planning and (9) home management, all of which are essential
to (10) foster the (11) all-round personal development of this group of students.
In addition, there are several (12) distinct advantages of choosing on-campus (13) residences.
The most evident advantage is that students who choose this type of accommodation would
have easy access to libraries and various learning resources that are readily available at university.
109
Key:
Task 1:
1. The sales chart shows a distinct decline in the past few months.
2. The audience evidently weren't enjoying the show and some people began to leave.
3. The president is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.
4. Financial management is defined as dealing with and analyzing money and investments
for a person or a business to help make business decisions.
5. Problem-solving is often carried on by processes of visualisation.
1. She is facing the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves.
2. The terrorists assumed control of the plane and forced it to land in the desert.
3. It's a good film, but the plot is very complicated, so viewers really have to concentrate.
4. The minister took full responsibility for the disaster and resigned.
5. Those who have been exposed to a foreign language since early age are likely to sound
like native speakers of that language.
Task 3:
It is better for college students to live in schools than live at home with theirparents. Do you agree or disagree?
Many students are faced with the (1) dilemma of whether to live in a university dormitory or
at home with their parents. From my perspective, a dormitory is (2) evidently the better option
for most students.
development. Many people argue that students living at home may fully (3) concentrate on their
academic studies because their parents are likely to support them in various ways, such as by doing
household tasks. However, I believe some students may become (4) over-reliant on their parents
as a result, and thus do not develop the ability to live independently in the future. By contrast,
students who live in dormitories must (5) assume responsibility in all aspects of life. Therefore,
they may acquire the skills necessary for (6) self-reliance, ranging from (7) financial management
and (8) problem-solving to meal planning and (9) home management, all of which are essential
to (10) foster the (11) all-round personal development of this group of students.
In addition, there are several (12) distinct advantages of choosing on-campus (13) residences.
The most evident advantage is that students who choose this type of accommodation would
have easy access to libraries and various learning resources that are readily available at university.
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Another clear benefit is that those living in student accommodation (14) are exposed to a
diverse environment with people from various social and cultural backgrounds. As a result,
students are better prepared to live in today's (15) multi-cultural world.
From the issues outlined above, one can conclude that living on a university campus is a
better choice for students than living at home with their parents. I predict that the number of
students choosing to live in university accommodation will remain high in the future.
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VOCABULARY SET 18: MUSIC AND SPORTS
Vocabulary:
1. abandon (v): bỏ đi, bỏ rơi
2. capability (n): khả năng
3.
critical (adj): quan trọng
4.
expose (v): bộc lộ, phơi bày
5. extracurricular activity (np): hoạt động ngoại khóa
6. extraordinary (adj): đặc biệt, phi thường,
7. figure (n): nhân vật quan trọng, người nổi tiếng (music and sport figures: người nổi
tiếng trong giới âm nhạc và thể thao)
8. mandatory (adj) >< optional (adj): bắt buộc >< không bắt buộc
9. mental illness (np): bệnh về tinh thần
10. mindset (n): quan điểm, thái độ
11. potential (adj/n): tiềm năng
12. provision (n): cung cấp, sắp đặt
13. satisfy (v): thỏa mãn, đáp ứng
14. suffer from (collocation): mắc phải (căn bệnh), chịu đựng điều gì
15. treat (v): đối xử
16. be treated as (collocation): được đối xử như là
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Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes tothe cues when needed.
1. provision / good public transport / will / essential /develop / the area.
2. article/ outline / council / communication / public engagement / strategy. (outline - verb)
3. According / eyewitness account/thieves / abandon / their vehicle / near / scene / the rob
bery/ and/ then / run off.
4. many/company/still / treat/their / manage /staff/ better / their / worker.
5. It / extraordinary / how / hard/it/ change / mindset/public/ and/press.
6. mental illness / health conditions / involve / changes/ in / think /or / emotion / or /
behavior/or / combination / these.
7. minister / call for / mandatory/prison sentence/people/assault / police officer.
8. region / enormous/potential / economic development.
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9. although/she/suffer / cancer / two years / she/ still / positive person.
10. movie / about / young police office / and/his struggle / expose/ corruption / the force.
abandon (v) mandatory (adj)
be treated as (collocation) optional (adj)
capability (n) mental illness (np)
critical (adj) mindset (n)
expose (v) potential (adj/n)
extracurricular activity (np) provision (n)
extraordinary (adj) satisfy (v)
figure (n) suffer from (collocation)
music and sport figures treat (v)
Some people think that schools should concentrate on academic courses which are useful to the career ofstudents;
courses like music andsports are not useful and therefore should not be offered.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
To some educators, school teaching should focus on formal subjects such as geometry and
classical literature, while sports and music should be removed. I strongly disagree with this
opinion for the reasons as follows.
Without music and sport classes, a child's talent in these areas may never be discovered and
developed. In fact, classrooms may provide an environment for these children to 1
their 2 in these fields. Furthermore, even for the children with 3
talents, their 4_ may not fully grow unless some basic lessons are offered. Children
may also learn to be disciplined and hardworking from the atmosphere of a class, because
success in these particular areas requires a significant amount of effort in training. In brief, school
education may 5. some of the most 6 factors in the early progress of
the future 7
More importantly, the 8. of both academic, music and sports education is

9 for an all-rounded growth of young students. If learning to sing or to play a
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sport, for example, is 10 as an 11 _only, children may consider the
engagement in it to be entirely 12_ Some children, particularly those without a

determined 13
may eventually choose not to play sports and music. Such a group
may consequently go on to 14. physical or 15 _in later life.
To conclude, to ensure the adequate physical and mental development of the next generation,
and to foster young talents in music and sports, I firmly believe these subjects must never be
16
in any child educational institution.
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Key:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to thecues when needed.
1. The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area.
2. This article outlines the council's communication and public engagement strategy.
3. According to an eyewitness account, the thieves abandoned their vehicle near the scene
of the robbery and then ran off.
4. Many companies still treat their management staff better than their workers.
5. It is extraordinary how hard it is to change the mindset of the public and the press.
6. Mental illnesses are health conditions involving changes in thinking, emotion or behavior
or a combination of these.
7. The minister is calling for mandatory prison sentences for people who assault
police officers.
8. The region has enormous potential for economic development.
9. Although she has been suffering from cancer for two years, she is still a positive person.
10. The movie is about a young police officer and his struggle to expose corruption in
the force.
Task 2:
Some people think that schools should concentrate on academic courses which are useful to the career ofstudents;
courses like musicand sports are not useful andtherefore should not be offered.
To what extentdo you agree or disagree?
To some educators, school teaching should focus on formal subjects such as geometry and
classical literature, while sports and music should be removed. I strongly disagree with this
opinion for the reasons as follows.
Without music and sport classes, a child's talent in these areas may never be discovered and
developed. In fact, classrooms may provide an environment for these children to (1) expose
their (2) potential in these fields. Furthermore, even for the children with (3) extraordinary
talents, their (4) capabilities may not fully grow unless some basic lessons are offered. Children
may also learn to be disciplined and hardworking from the atmosphere of a class, because
success in these particular areas requires a significant amount of effort in training. In brief, school
education may (5) satisfy some of the most (6) critical factors in the early progress of the future
(7) music and sport figures.
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More importantly, the 8 provision of both academic, music and sports education is (9)
mandatory for an all-rounded growth of young students. If learning to sing or to play a sport,
for example, is (10) treated as an (11) extracurricular activity only, children may consider
the engagement in it to be entirely (12) optional. Some children, particularly those without a
determined (13) mindset, may eventually choose not to play sports and music. Such a group
may consequently go on to (14) suffer from physical or (15) mental illness in later life.
To conclude, to ensure the adequate physical and mental development of the next generation,
and to foster young talents in music and sports, I firmly believe these subjects must never be (16)
abandoned in any child educational institution.
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VOCABULARY SET 19: SCIENCE EDUCATION
Vocabulary:
1.
a wealth of sth: rất nhiều điều gì đó
2. brain-drain (np): chảy máu chất xám
3. breakthrough (n): phát kiển, tiến bộ
4. compel (v): bắt buộc, thuyết phục
5. driving force (np): động lực thúc đẩy
6. establish (v): thành lập, tạo lập
7.
expert (n/adj): chuyên gia / thành thạo
8. framework (n): khung, cơ cấu
9. instil (v): vun đắp
10. migrate (v) - migration (n): di cu
11. offer sb sth: đưa / trao tặng cho ai điều gì
12. paramount (adj): tối cao, quan trọng nhất
13. patriotism (n) – patriotic (adj): lòng yêu nước
14. prioritise (v) – priority (n): ưu tiên
15. phenomenon (n): hiện tượng
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Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed,
1. there/many / priority / but / reduce / budget deficit /be/paramount importance.
2. some cases / government / torture/spy / compel/them / reveal / their / secret.
3. framework/skybridge/be/ approve/by/ construction / committee.
4. problem / brain-drain / been / increase /with/ many / academic/ apply/job/ abroad.
5. teacher / must / establish/rule/ students/follow/while/they/ in / school.
1. Một phần công việc của thầy cô giáo là vun đắp sự tự tin cho học trò của mình.
2. Đại bàng là biểu tượng yêu nước của nước Mỹ, hình ảnh này có thể được nhìn thấy trên
đồng tiền và các con dấu của đất nước này.
3. Các nhà khoa học đang trông chờ một phát kiến trong cách chữa trị bệnh ung thu.
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4. Các bác sỹ ưu tiên lên lịch mổ cho bệnh nhân dựa vào mức độ nghiêm trọng của vết thương.
5. Một điều thú vị vào những tháng lạnh giá là nhìn ngắm những đàn chim di cư về miền
ấm áp.

a wealth of sth framework (n)
brain-drain (np) instil (v)
breakthrough (n) migrate (v) - migration (n)
compel (v) offer sb sth
driving force (np) paramount (adj)
establish (v) patriotism (n) - patriotic (adj)
expert (n/adj) prioritise (v) - priority (n)
phenomenon (n)
Do you agree or disagree with the statement that governmentshouldinvest more money in science education rather
than other subjects to develop the country?
1 an appropriate national education 2 is of
3 importance to the development of any country. It is often believed that
science subjects should attract more investment than other disciplines. However, strongly
I
disagree with this belief, because there are many subjects that are equally as important as
science, or even more so.
I contend that language education plays no lesser role in developing a nation than science
does. While science education is beneficial only for those with an interest in science, language
education may help a nation to develop a strong labour force in almost every field. This is
to 5
because language education 4 knowledge written in
may become future 6
other languages, and they in a variety of areas.
History is also more significant than science studies, in my opinion, because it may
7 a sense of 8 in students, and as a result they may be more
willing to contribute to the country in the future. In sharp contrast to this, many developing nations
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have witnessed a vast number ofscientists who choose to 9_ to more developed
nations for better living and working conditions. If history had been 10_ as a
school subject, this 11. _may not have occurred because these scientists would
have felt more 12 to remain in their homeland and contribute to society.
Finally, I would argue that the significance of the study of management and economics far
outweighs that of science. In today's world, it is common practice that one country purchases
technology and inventions from another. Therefore, the advantages gained through scientific
13
may not be as significant for a country before they were before globalisation.
By contrast, nowadays, there is an urgent need for management experts and economists, who
are the 14 behind economic and societal development. It is these people, not
scientists, who should be prioritised in relation to investment in education.
From the issues outlined above, one may conclude that governments should not increase
their spending on science education.
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Key:
Task 1:
1. There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount
importance.
2. In some cases, the government will torture spies to compel them to reveal their secrets.
3. A framework for the skybridge has been approved by the construction committee.
4. The problem of brain-drain has been increasing with many academics applying for
jobs abroad.
5. Teachers must establish rules for students to follow while they are in school.
1. It is part of a teacher's job to instil confidence in/into his or her students.
2. The eagle is the patriotic symbol of the United States which can be seen on their money
and seal.
3. Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer.
4. Surgeons prioritise which patients to schedule first based on the extent of their injuries.
5. During the cold months, it is always interesting to watch the migration of the birds as they
fly towards the warm regions.
Task 3:
Doyou agree ordisagree with the statement that government should invest more money in science education rather
than other subjects to develop the country?
(1) Establishing an appropriate national education (2) framework is of (3) paramount

importance to the development of any country. It is often believed that science subjects should
attract more investment than other disciplines. However, I strongly disagree with this belief,
because there are many subjects that are equally as important as science, or even more so.
I contend that language education plays no lesser role in developing a nation than science
does. While science education is beneficial only for those with an interest in science, language
education may help a nation to develop a strong labour force in almost every field. This is because
language education (4) offers students access to (5) a wealth of knowledge written in other
languages, and they may become future (6) experts in a variety of areas.
History is also more significant than science studies, in my opinion, because it may (7) instil
a sense of (8) patriotism in students, and as a result they may be more willing to contribute to
the country in the future. In sharp contrast to this, many developing nations have witnessed a
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vast number of scientists who choose to (9) migrate to more developed nations for better living
and working conditions. If history had been (10) prioritised as a school subject, this (11) brain
drain phenomenon may not have occurred because these scientists would have felt more (12)
compelled to remain in their homeland and contribute to society.
Finally, I would argue that the significance of the study of management and economics far
outweighs that of science. In today's world, it is common practice that one country purchases
technology and inventions from another. Therefore, the advantages gained through scientific
(13) breakthroughs may not be as significant for a country before they were before globalisation.
By contrast, nowadays, there is an urgent need for management experts and economists, who
are the (14) driving force behind economic and societal development. It is these people, not
scientists, who should be prioritised in relation to investment in education.
From the issues outlined above, one may conclude that governments should not increase
their spending on science education.
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NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 6: ENVIRONMENT
VOCABULARY SET 20: ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
Vocabulary:
1. address (v): giải quyết
2. adequately (adv): thỏa đáng
3. alternative energy source (n): nguồn năng lượng thay thế (năng lượng mặt trời,
năng lượng gió...)
4. ascribe (v): đổ tại, quy cho
6. counterproductive (adj): phản tác dụng
7. culprit (n): nguyên nhân, thủ phạm
8. depletion (n): suy yếu, kiệt quệ
9. destruction (n): phá hủy, hủy diệt
10. diminish (v): giảm bớt
11. energy consumption (np): lượng tiêu thụ năng lượng
12. exploitation – over-exploitation (n): khai thác - khai thác quá mức
13. fossil fuels (np): nhiên liệu hóa thạch
14. greenhouse gas emission (np): khí thải nhà kính
15. hybrid transport vehicle (n): xe lai điện (sử dụng cả động cơ đốt trong và động cơ điện)
16. immense (adj): lớn
17. practical (adj): thực tiễn
18. smog (n): lớp khói bụi dày (so sánh với fog)
19. stratosphere - biosphere - atmosphere (n): tầng bình lưu – sinh quyển – khí quyển
20. symbolic (adj): mang tính tượng trưng
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Exercises:
1. stratosphere/be/layer/gases/surround / earth / a height of between 15 and 50 kilometres.
2. greenhouse gas emission / culprit/ozone depletion / cause/global warming.
3. Wedding rings / intend/ symbolic / love / commitment.
4. As / we/flow/ airport / we/ see / murky yellow smog / hover / over the city.
5. people / concern/ destruction / rainforests.
1. Những nhà máy này vẫn thải khí độc vào bầu khí quyển trong suốt nhiều năm, nhưng các
nhà chức trách vẫn chưa tìm ra cách giải quyết.
2. Để tránh tình trạng khai thác quá mức nhiên liệu hóa thạch và để bảo vệ môi trường, các
sản phẩm sử dụng năng lượng thay thế được khuyến khích sử dụng.
124
3. Các biện pháp nâng cao an toàn cho xe hơi có thể trở nên phản tác dụng vì mọi người có
thể lái xe nhanh hơn.
4. Điểm số và sự tham gia của học sinh là chất xúc tác để thay đổi chương trình giảng dạy.
5. Sự nổi tiếng của cô ấy với tư cách là ca sỹ đã lu mờ dần từ những ngày tháng huy hoàng
trong thập niên 1980.
address (v) energy consumption (np)
adequately (adv) exploitation - over-exploitation (n)
alternative energy source (n) fossil fuels (np)
ascribe (v) greenhouse gas emission (np)
catalyst (n) hybrid transport vehicle (n)
counterproductive (adj) immense (adj)
culprit (n) practical (adj)
depletion (n) smog (n)
destruction (n) stratosphere - biosphere - atmosphere (n)
diminish (v) symbolic (adj)
Developments in technology has brought various environmental problems. Some believe that people need to live
simplerlives to solve environmental problems. Others, however, believe technology is the way to solve these problems.
Some 1 environmental problems such as global warming and ozone

2 in the Earth's 3. can be 4
technological developments.
While some people believe that living a simple life can mitigate these problems, I contend that
the best measure is green technology.
125
There is a common fallacy that a simple lifestyle can 5. address environmental
issues. People may argue that by cutting household and transport energy use, they are making
a substantial contribution to environmental protection. However, this method does not stop
the massive 6
at industrial sites. Some may also claim that not using electricity
at home is the right choice, and events such as Earth Hour are an appropriate measure to cut
carbon dioxide production. Nevertheless, the aforementioned event is more 7.
than 8
as most people start to light candles to replace electric light, an act that
produces even more carbon-dioxide than light bulbs do.
I firmly believe that environmentally-friendly technology is the best answer to these

problems. First, electric or 9_ can reduce the amount of traffic fumes that have been
damaging both the 10_ and the 11, of Earth. For example, thick layers
of 12 in Beijing gradually 13_ after most petrol and diesel cars were
replaced by electric ones. Second, the use of 14_ such as solar and wind power can
stop the 15 of 16 thus reducing the amount of 17 the
main 18 of global warming. Finally, with the latest technological advancements,
household appliances that once threatened the environment have become greener. An excellent
example of this is that modern refrigerators and air-conditioners do not produce CFCs, a type of
gas that is proven to be a major 19_ of ozone 20
In conclusion, advances in technology should be adopted to tackle environmental problems,
while simple ways of life are an ineffective and sometimes 21 solution for
these problems.
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Key:
Task 1:
1. Stratosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the earth at a height of between 15 and
50 kilometres.
2. Greenhouse gas emissions are the culprit of ozone depletion that causes global warming.
3. Wedding rings are intended to be symbolic of love and commitment.
4. As we flew into the airport, we could see murky yellow smog hovering over the city.
5. People are concerned about the destruction of the rainforests.
1. These factories have been releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere, but the authorities
have not found any solutions.
2. To avoid over-exploiting fossil fuels and protect the environment, products consuming al
ternative energy sources are encouraged to be used.
3. Improved safety measures in cars can be counterproductive as they encourage people to

drive faster.
4. Students' results and participation acted as a catalyst for changes in the curriculum.
5. Her popularity as a singer has diminished since the glory days of the 1980s.
Task 3
Some (1) immense environmental problems such as global warming and ozone (2) depletion
in the Earth's (3) stratosphere can be (4) ascribed to technological developments. While some
people believe that living a simple life can mitigate these problems, contend that the best
I
measure is green technology.
There is a common fallacy that a simple lifestyle can (5) adequately address environmental
issues. People may argue that by cutting household and transport energy use, they are making
a substantial contribution to environmental protection. However, this method does not stop
the massive (6) energy consumption at industrial sites. Some may also claim that not using
electricity at home is the right choice, and events such as Earth Hour are an appropriate measure
to cut carbon dioxide production. Nevertheless, the aforementioned event is more (7) symbolic
than (8) practical, as most people start to light candles to replace electric light, an act that
produces even more carbon-dioxide than light bulbs do.
I firmly believe that environmentally-friendly technology is the best answer to these problems.
First, electric or (9) hybrid transport vehicles can reduce the amount of traffic fumes that have
127
been damaging both the (10) biosphere and the (11) atmosphere of Earth. For example, thick
layers of (12) smog in Beijing gradually (13) diminished after most petrol and diesel cars were
replaced by electric ones. Second, the use of (14) alternative energy sources such as solar
and wind power can stop the (15) over-exploitation of (16) fossil fuels, thus reducing the
amount of (17) greenhouse gas emissions, the main (18) culprit of global warming. Finally,
with the latest technological advancements, household appliances that once threatened the
environment have become greener. An excellent example of this is that modern refrigerators
and air-conditioners do not produce CFCs, a type of gas that is proven to be a major (19) catalyst
of ozone (20) destruction.
In conclusion, advances in technology should be adopted to tackle environmental problems,

while simple ways of life are an ineffective and sometimes (21) counterproductive solution for
these problems.
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VOCABULARY SET 21: NATURAL RESOURCES (P.1)
Vocabulary:
1. alternative (adj/n): thay thế

2.
consume (v) – consumption (n): tiêu thụ, sử dụng
3. demand for (collocation): nhu cầu đối với cái gì
4.
efficient (adj) – efficiency (n): hiệu quả, năng suất
5. exploit (v) – exploitation (n): khai thác
6. fossil fuels (n): nhiên liệu hóa thạch (bao gồm than, bùn, dầu thô và khí tự nhiên)
7. generate (v): tạo ra, phát ra, sản sinh
8. hybrid (adj): lai tap
9. hybrid car (np): xe lai điện
10. Iower (v): làm giảm đi
11. thermal power station (np): nhà máy nhiệt điện
12. tremendous (adj): khổng dữ dội, lớn lao
13. vast (adj): to lớn, mênh mông
129
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues.Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. high vehicle/ must / take / alternative / route / because / low clearance / under / bridge.
2. propose / tidal barrage / would / generate / enough / electric / supply / between 60,000/
80,000 home.
3. jet /high fuel consumption / make / expensive / operate.
4. fair trade / measure / essential / stop / exploitation / small/third-world coffee farmer.
5. heart surgery / exact / tremendous / skill / concentration.
1. Nhiên liệu hóa thạch là dạng nhiên liệu được hình thành từ quá trình tự nhiên, bao gồm
than đá, dầu thô, khí tự nhiên.
2. Sử dụng xe lai điện giúp bảo vệ môi trường vì xe lai điện sử dụng ít xăng hơn nên thải ra ít
khí thải gây hiệu ứng nhà kính hơn.
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3. Lãi suất tiết kiệm lại bị giảm một lần nữa, đây là lần thứ 3 trong năm nay.
4. Chính phủ khó có khả năng đồng ý với yêu cầu độc lập của những kẻ nổi loạn.
5. Những phát hiện y học gần đây đã dẫn lối đến những loại vắc-xin hiệu quả hơn.
alternative (adj/n) hybrid car (np)
consume (v) - consumption (n) lower (v)
demand for (collocation) thermal power station (np)
efficient (adj) - efficiency (n) tremendous (adj)
exploit (v) - exploitation (n) vast (adj)
fossil fuels (n) hybrid (adj)
generate (v)
The worldnatural resources are consumed at an ever-increased rate. What are the causes ofthis situation?
What are the solutions?
The overconsumption of natural resources is emerging as a major topic of concern today. This
alarming trend is caused by a few factors, and it should be addressed by a number of definite actions.
The increasingly high level of 1. of natural resources could be ascribed to a

number of causes. The most obvious reason is the 2 resources in developing
countries, such as China and Brazil. The citizens of these countries are becoming increasingly
wealthy, and they may now afford a living standard that is associated with a higher level of
resource 3 A clear example of this is the widespread use of cars among tens
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♠
of millions of middle-income Chinese nationals, which may have contributed substantially to

the burning of oil on a global scale. Besides, the over-dependence on natural resources, such
as 4
is another significant reason to consider. In Vietnam, for example, the
majority of electricity is 5 in 6 power stations, in which a
7
amount of coal is the burnt on a daily basis.
Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over-8_ Earth's
resources. The most practical measure at the moment is to reduce the demand for resources in
developing countries. This can be done by mass-producing 9. products, such as
10
cars, and selling these items at a low price to citizens of these nations. If such
a measure is implemented, these people may still benefit from better living standards without
over-consuming natural resources. Besides, a more sustainable solution is to 11.
the reliance on natural resources by taking advantage of 12_ sources. For
instance, wind and tidal power in the Netherlands, nuclear power in Japan and solar power in
the United States have all proven their 13. in energy production. These forms of
energy should be used in other parts of the world as well, to minimise the global dependence
on fossil fuels.
To sum up, the overexploitation of natural resources derives from the strong demand in
developing countries and the over-reliance on these types of resources. Strong measures, such
as reducing the aforementioned demand and making use of alternative energy sources, should
be implemented to tackle this situation.
132
Key:
Task1:
1. High vehicles must take an alternative route because of low clearance under the bridge.
2. The proposed tidal barrage would generate enough electricity to supply between 60,000
and 80,000 homes.
3. The jet's high fuel consumption makes it expensive to operate.
4. Fair trade measures are essential to stop the exploitation of small Third - World coffee
farmers.
5. Heart surgery exacts tremendous skills and concentration.
1. Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes, including coal, petroleum, natural
gas, etc.
2. Using hybrid cars helps protect the environment in the way that hybrid cars use less
gasoline, so they give off less emissions that cause the greenhouse effect.
3. Savings interest rates have been lowered again, which is the third time in the year.
4. The government is unlikely to agree to the rebels' demands for independence.
5. Recent medical discoveries are already pointing the way to more efficient vaccines.
Task 3
The overconsumption of natural resources is emerging as a major topic of concern today. This
alarming trend is caused by a few factors, and it should be addressed by a number of definite actions.
The increasingly high level of (1) exploitation of natural resources could be ascribed to a
number of causes. The most obvious reason is the (2) tremendous demand for resources in
developing countries, such as China and Brazil. The citizens of these countries are becoming
increasingly wealthy, and they may now afford a living standard that is associated with a higher
level of resource (3) consumption. A clear example of this is the widespread use of cars among
tens of millions of middle-income Chinese nationals, which may have contributed substantially
to the burning of oil on a global scale. Besides, the over-dependence on natural resources, such
as (4) fossil fuels, is another significant reason to consider. In Vietnam, for example, the majority
of electricity is (5) generated in (6) thermal power stations, in which a (7) vast amount of coal
is the burnt on a daily basis.
Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over-(8)consuming Earth's

resources. The most practical measure at the moment is to reduce the demand for resources in
133
developing countries. This can be done by mass-producing (9) energy-efficient products, such
as (10) hybrid cars, and selling these items at a low price to citizens of these nations. If such a
measure is implemented, these people may still benefit from better living standards without
over-consuming natural resources. Besides, a more sustainable solution is to (11) lower the
reliance on natural resources by taking advantage of (12) alternative sources. For instance, wind
and tidal power in the Netherlands, nuclear power in Japan and solar power in the United States
have all proven their (13) efficiency in energy production. These forms of energy should be used
in other parts of the world as well, to minimise the global dependence on fossil fuels.
To sum up, the overexploitation of natural resources derives from the strong demand in
developing countries and the over-reliance on these types of resources. Strong measures, such
as reducing the aforementioned demand and making use of alternative energy sources, should
be implemented to tackle this situation.
134
VOCABULARY SET 22: NATURAL RESOURCES (P.2)
Vocabulary:
1. conservation (n): bảo tồn
2. hazardous (adj): nguy hiểm, độc hại
3. household appliances (np): thiết bị gia đình
4.
recovery (n): phục hồi
5. regulate (v): điều chỉnh, kiểm soát
6. scarce (adj) – scarcity (n): khan hiếm
7. solar cell (np): pin sử dụng năng lượng mặt trời
8. stagnation (n): sự đình trệ
9. the verge of (collocation): bờ vực
10. threat (n) — threaten (v): mối đe dọa – đe dọa
135
Exercise:
1. after / host / Olympic game / Egypt / unexpected / suffer/ economic crisis and stagnation.
2. Greenpeace /work/promote / aware / dangers / threaten / our planet / today.
3. first/noticeable / effect / the crisis / was / great /scarcity / employment.
4. conservation / forest /is/national problem/so/ must / tackle / perfect coordination /
forest department / other department.
5. by / adjust / thermostat (bộ điều nhiệt) / you / regulate / temperature / building.
1. Pin năng lượng mặt trời là một thiết bị điện tử chuyển đổi trực tiếp ánh sáng mặt trời
thành điện năng.
2. Trong số những lý do sử dụng hệ thống rô-bốt, lý do quan trọng nhất là để bảo vệ con
người khi làm việc trong những môi trường nguy hiểm hay khi phải xử lý những vật liệu
độc hại.
136
3. Những hành vi bạo lực và lạm dụng của người chồng đã đưa cô ấy đến bờ vực của sự
tuyệt vọng.
4. Chính phủ đã ban hành luật mới để kiểm soát việc mua bán súng.
5. 5 năm sau cơn sóng thần khủng khiếp, Nhật Bản cho thấy một sự hồi phục phi thường và
đáng ngưỡng mộ.
conservation (n) scarce (adj) - scarcity (n)
hazardous (adj) solar cell (np)
household appliances (np) stagnation (n)
recovery (n) the verge of (collocation)
regulate (v) threat (n)-threaten (v)
The world naturalresources are consumed at an ever-increased rate. What are the dangers of this situation?
What should we do?
The overconsumption of natural resources has become a growing concern in recent years.
This alarming trend poses a number of serious 1 to the world, and must be
addressed by a number of definite actions.
The increasingly high level of exploitation of natural resources can be 2 in many

ways. The most obvious threat is that once the resources come to 3
exhaustion,
humans would have to face the 4.
of fuels to provide essential energy. When oil
becomes 5 and more expensive, transport and many daily necessities become less
accessible and affordable for most people. The shortage of resources also leads to 6
in other industries, for example, there may not be enough wood for furniture production and
not enough seafood for food processing. This would 7 the business of thousands
of companies, as well as the employment of millions of workers in these fields.
137
38
1
Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over-consuming natural resources.
The most practical measure is to lower the demand for energy in every household. This can
be done by mass-producing energy-efficient 8_ and selling them at a low price.
Another sustainable solution is to promote environmentally-friendly technology. For instance,

9
are now sold in a small quantity and at a relatively high price; they should be made
readily available and cheaper for the public. Finally, the 10_ and 11
of natural resources, including seafood and forests, should be 12_ by law.
To conclude, the overexploitation of the world's resources may result in severe consequences,
threatening many industries and people's livelihoods. Strong measures, such as reducing energy
use and resource conservation and recovery laws, should be implemented to tackle this situation.
138
Key:
Task 1:
1. After hosting the Olympic Games, Egypt unexpectedly suffered from economic crisis
and stagnation.
2. Greenpeace works to promote awareness of the dangers that threaten our planet today.
3. The first noticeable effect of the crisis was a great scarcity of employment.
4. Conservation of forest is a national problem, so it must be tackled with perfect

coordination between forest department and other departments.
5. By adjusting the thermostat, you can regulate the temperature of a building.
1. A solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity.
2. Among the many justifications for using robotics, the most important is to shield people
from working in dangerous environments and from handling hazardous materials.
3. The husband's violent and abusive behaviours drove her to the verge of despair.
4. The government has introduced new laws to regulate the sale of firearms.
5. Five years after the tremendous tsunami, Japan has showed a miraculous and
admirable recovery.
Task 3
The overconsumption of natural resources has become a growing concern in recent years.
This alarming trend poses a number of serious (1) threats to the world, and must be addressed
by a number of definite actions.
The increasingly high level of exploitation of natural resources can be (2) hazardous in many
ways. The most obvious threat is that once the resources come to (3) the verge of exhaustion,
humans would have to face the (4) scarcity of fuels to provide essential energy. When oil becomes
(5) scarce and more expensive, transport and many daily necessities become less accessible
and affordable for most people. The shortage of resources also leads to (6) stagnation in other
industries, for example, there may not be enough wood for furniture production and not enough
seafood for food processing. This would (7) threaten the business of thousands of companies, as
well as the employment of millions of workers in these fields.
Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over-consuming natural resources.
The most practical measure is to lower the demand for energy in every household. This can
be done by mass-producing energy-efficient (8) household appliances and selling them at a
139
low price. Another sustainable solution is to promote environmentally-friendly technology. For
instance, (9) solar cells are now sold in a small quantity and at a relatively high price; they should
be made readily available and cheaper for the public. Finally, the (10) conservation and (11)
recovery of natural resources, including seafood and forests, should be (12) regulated by law.
To conclude, the overexploitation of the world's resources may result in severe consequences,
threatening many industries and people's livelihoods. Strong measures, such as reducing energy
use and resource conservation and recovery laws, should be implemented to tackle this situation.
140
VOCABULARY SET 23: INCREASING FUEL COST
Vocabulary:
1.
combat (v): chiến đấu, giải quyết, ngăn ngừa, giảm bớt
2. conservation and recovery (collocation): việc bảo tồn và phục hồi
3. constitute (v): cấu thành, tạo thành
4. deterioration (n): sa sút, hư hỏng, suy thoái
5. diminish (v): giảm bớt
6. disavow (v): chối bỏ
7. discourage somebody from doing something (collocation): ngăn cản, khiến ai nản
lòng khi làm việc gì đó
8. domestic and industrial equipment (collocation): trang thiết bị gia đình và công nghiệp
9. ease (v/n): làm dịu, giảm bớt
10. impose a law on something (collocation): đưa ra luật mới về vấn đề gì đó
11. remedy (n): phương thuốc, cách chữa trị
12. stringent (adj): nghiêm ngặt, chặt chẽ
13. the depletion of resources (collocation): sự cạn kiệt tài nguyên
141
N 8 CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:
1. salary /1/ earn / delivery driver/so/small/it/not/ constitute / full income.
2. when /news/band / breakup / surfaced / manager / had / disavow /any/part/ undoing.
3. as/rain/ begin / diminish/we/head out / park.
4. new / measure / introduce / ease / traffic congestion / city.
5. eat / lot / sweets/result/ deterioration / your / chew / ability.
1. Vì khi đó tôi đang cắm trại trong rừng, tôi không tìm được cách chữa trị nào khác cho bệnh
dạ dày ngoài việc ăn cây gừng bên rìa đường mòn.
2. Những nhân viên cộng đồng đã dựng nơi trú ngụ và ngân hàng thực phẩm để giúp giảm
bớt số lượng người vô gia cư đang dần tăng lên.
142
3. Vấn đề cạn kiệt tài nguyên thường được nhìn nhận là do tình trạng quá tải dân số.
4. Mới đây, thuế được đánh rất cao đối với thuốc lá.
5. Các điều luật chống lại việc giết hại sinh vật trong danh sách có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng là
một phần lớn trong kế hoạch bảo tồn động vật.
combat (v) ease (v/n)
conservation and recovery (collocation) impose a law on something (collocation)
constitute (v) remedy (n)
deterioration (n) stringent (adj)
diminish (v) the depletion of resources (collocation)
disavow (v) domestic and industrial equipment
discourage somebody from doing something (collocation)
(collocation)
The best way to solve the world's environmentalproblems is to increase the cost offuel. Do you agree or disagree?
Addressing environmental problems has long been of paramount importance to the

sustainable development of society. While not 1. to the view that raising the price
offuel may help 2_ the problem of global warming, I contend that this policy is far
for the 4
from being the best 3_ of the environment in general.
I concede that making fuel more expensive is one way to slow down the increase in the overall
temperature ofthe atmosphere. This policy may 5 both individuals and businesses
from overconsuming fuel, thus 6_ the amount of traffic and industrial emissions,
which 7. a considerable source of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and
CFCs. It is widely believed that these gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause global warming
to occur. As a result, I agree that increasing fuel prices is a sensible measure to adopt.
I would, on the other hand, argue that the aforementioned measure must not be considered
the exclusive approach to environmental problems. This is because it has little effect on
143
COLLE
&
DATORAS
various environmental degradation issues other than global warming, namely deforestation
and overfishing. To be specific, higher fuel prices could not prevent biological resources
from being overexploited for furniture and food processing industries. From my perspective,
environmental problems can be better resolved through two actions. The first is mass-producing
8
using environmentally-friendly technology, including solar cells and electric
motor engines, which produce no carbon emissions. The second is 9. on the
10
of natural resources, which may help mitigate a wide range of environmental
problems, such as 11,
In conclusion, while acknowledging the environmental benefits of increasing the cost of fuel,
I would claim that this is not the best way to 12_ the problem of environmental
deterioration. There are more effective solutions to address environmental problems at large,
such as applying green technology to the mass production of various kinds of equipment for
both household and industrial use.
144
Key
Task 1:
1. The salary I earn as a delivery driver is so small it does not constitute my full income.
2. When news of the band's breakup surfaced, the manager had to disavow any part in the
undoing.
3. As the rain began to diminish, we headed out to the park.
4. New measures have been introduced to ease traffic congestion in the city.
5. Eating lots of sweets will result in a deterioration of your chewing ability.
1. Since was camping in the woods at that time, I found no other remedy for my stomachache
I
but eating part of a ginger plant on the side of the trail.
2. Community members have set up shelters and food banks to combat the growing number
of homeless people.
3. The issue ofthe depletion of resources has been often seen as a problem of overpopulation.
4. Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.
5. The laws against killing creatures on the endangered species list are a huge part of the
animal conservation plan.
Task 3
Addressing environmental problems has long been of paramount importance to the
sustainable development of society. While not (1) disavowing to the view that raising the price
of fuel may help (2) combat the problem of global warming, I contend that this policy is far from
I
being the best (3) remedy for the (4) deterioration of the environment in general.
I concede that making fuel more expensive is one way to slow down the increase in the
overall temperature of the atmosphere. This policy may (5) discourage both individuals and
businesses from overconsuming fuel, thus (6) diminishing the amount of traffic and industrial
emissions, which (7) constitutes a considerable source of greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide and CFCs. It is widely believed that these gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause
global warming to occur. As a result, I agree that increasing fuel prices is a sensible measure
to adopt.
I would, on the other hand, argue that the aforementioned measure must not be considered
the exclusive approach to environmental problems. This because it has little effect on various
environmental degradation issues other than global warming, namely deforestation and
145
overfishing. To be specific, higher fuel prices could not prevent biological resources from being
overexploited for furniture and food processing industries. From my perspective, environmental
problems can be better resolved through two actions. The first is mass-producing (8) domestic
and industrial equipment using environmentally-friendly technology, including solar cells
and electric motor engines, which produce no carbon emissions. The second is (9) imposing
stringent laws on the (10) conservation and recovery of natural resources, which may help
SHINPAN
mitigate a wide range of environmental problems, such as (11) the depletion of forest and
marine resources.
In conclusion, while acknowledging the environmental benefits of increasing the cost

of fuel, I would claim that this is not the best way to (12) ease the problem of environmental
deterioration. There are more effective solutions to address environmental problems at large,
such as applying green technology to the mass production of various kinds of equipment for
both household and industrial use.
146
VOCABULARY SET 24: SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Vocabulary:
2. collaboration – cooperation (n): hợp tác
3. deforestation (n): nạn phá rừng
4. degradation (n): suy thoái
5. fumes (n): khói, khí độc hại
6. global scale/global level (np): quy mô toàn cầu
7. insignificant (adj): không đáng kể
8. interconnect (v): nối liền với nhau
9. legislation (n): lập pháp
10. petition (n): kiến nghị
11. play a/an (adj) role in (collocation): có vai trò trong việc gì
12. precursor (n): tiền đề

13. reforest (v): phục hồi rừng, phủ xanh
14. underestimate (v): đánh giá thấp
15. upper-course (adj): thượng nguồn

16. with regard to (collocation): về việc
147
Exercises:
1. problem/poverty/ unemployment / all / interconnect.
2. upper course / river / often / in / steep / mountain area / which / make/section/ river/
flow / fast.
3. Cooperation / nations/precursor / effective / environment / solution.
4. High / suicide rate/act/catalyst / change / prison system.
5. There / need / careful plan / reforest / spoiled / areas.
6. Several / government / adopt/tough /new/ anti-terrorist / legislation / the wake of

/ attacks.
7. problem / environment /degradation / go/beyond /nation/scale. Interconnect/

collaboration / countries/play a significant role / find / solution.
148
8. He/miscalculate / bad / when / he / underestimate / response / international community
/invasion.
9. petition / sign / against / propose / closure/local hospital.
10. Some/people/not / stand / petrol/fumes.
catalyst (n) legislation (n)
collaboration - cooperation (n) petition (n)
deforestation (n) play a/an (adj) role in (collocation)
degradation (n) precursor (n)
fumes (n) reforest (v)
global scale/global level (np) underestimate (v)
insignificant (adj) upper-course (adj)
interconnect (v) with regard to (collocation)
Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve. Others believe individuals can
also do some things to solvethese problems.
Some vast environmental problems, such as global warming and 1. occur on
a 2 Consequently, some people believe the job of addressing these problems

is beyond the capability of individuals. However, I contend that the effort of each individual is
indispensable.
individual's actions are 3

There is a common belief that an insignificant
with regard to large-scale environmental issues. Be ause environmental problems in different
5
geographical regions are 4 at national and international
149
• CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
level, not merely an individual's effort, is essential for a comprehensive solution. For example,
deforestation in the 6 area of the Red River in Tibet, China, is the 7
to the 8
of soil and water quality in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. In this case, the
Vietnamese and Chinese governments must cooperate to 9 the aforementioned
area in Tibet. There are also 10 problems such as climate change, which
require every single country to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Intergovernmental 11
must always 12. the resolution of such vast problems.
However, I believe one should not 13 the importance of the efforts of

individuals in preserving the environment. The first reason is that being voters, individuals can
be a 14 for the 15 of environmental protection. For instance,
a 16 signed by 10,000 Vietnamese in 2005 has fostered the legislation process of
a new law that makes cutting down trees lining city streets illegal. Furthermore, one's action
can be small, but it can be seen by hundreds, whose actions can be recognised by thousands.
As a result of this domino effect, a great number of people can be inspired to help protect the
environment. Finally, individuals can also purchase environmentally-friendly products, such as
electric vehicles, because these means of transport may considerably mitigate the negative
impact of traffic 17 on the atmosphere.
In brief, besides intergovernmental cooperation, individuals' efforts to preserve the

environment are indispensable.
150
Key:
Task 1
1. The problems of poverty and unemployment are all interconnected.
2. The upper course of a river is often in steep mountain areas, which makes this section of
the river flow fast.
3. Cooperation among nations is the precursor to effective environmental solutions.
4. The high suicide rate acted as a catalyst for changes in the prison system.
5. There needs to be a careful plan to reforest those spoiled areas.
6. Several governments have adopted tough new anti-terrorist legislation in the wake of
the attacks.
7. The problems of environmental degradation have gone beyond national scale. Intercon
nected collaboration among countries play a significant role in finding the solutions.
8. He miscalculated badly when he underestimated the response of the international com

munity to the invasion.
9. A petition was signed against the proposed closure of the local hospital.
10. Some people can't stand petrol fumes.
Task 2
Some vast environmental problems, such as global warming and (1) deforestation, occur
on a (2) global scale. Consequently, some people believe the job of addressing these problems
is beyond the capability of individuals. However, contend that the effort of each individual is
I
indispensable.
There is a common belief that an individual's actions are (3) insignificant with regard to
large-scale environmental issues. Because environmental problems in different geographical
regions are (4) interconnected, (5) collaboration at national and international level, not merely
an individual's effort, is essential for a comprehensive solution. For example, deforestation in the
(6) upper-course area of the Red River in Tibet, China, is the (7) precursor to the (8) degradation
of soil and water quality in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. In this case, the Vietnamese and Chinese
governments must cooperate to (9) reforest the aforementioned area in Tibet. There are also (10)
global-level problems such as climate change, which require every single country to reduce its
greenhouse gas emissions. Intergovernmental (11) cooperation must always (12) play a central
role in the resolution of such vast problems.
However, I believe one should not (13) underestimate the importance of the efforts of
individuals in preserving the environment. The first reason is that being voters, individuals can be
151
a (14) catalyst for the (15) legislation of environmental protection. For instance, a (16) petition
signed by 10,000 Vietnamese in 2005 has fostered the legislation process of a new law that makes
cutting down trees lining city streets illegal. Furthermore, one's action can be small, but it can be
seen by hundreds, whose actions can be recognised by thousands. As a result of this domino effect,
a great number of people can be inspired to help protect the environment. Finally, individuals can
also purchase environmentally-friendly products, such as electric vehicles, because these means of
transport may considerably mitigate the negative impact of traffic (17) fumes on the atmosphere.
In brief, besides intergovernmental cooperation, individuals' efforts to preserve the environ

ment are indispensable.
152
VOCABULARY SET 25: CAR-FREE DAYS
Vocabulary:
1.
advocate (n): những người chủ trương/tán thành
2. atmosphere (n) – atmospheric (adj): không khí, khí quyển
3. contaminant (n) – contaminate (v): (chất) gây ô nhiễm

4.
contribute (v): đóng góp
5. culprit (n): nguyên nhân
6. curtail (v): rút ngắn, cắt bớt
7. designate (v): chỉ định, dành riêng
8. emission (n): khí thái, chất thải
9. eschew (v): tránh làm việc gì đó
10. exaggerate (v) – exaggeration (n): cường điệu hóa, phóng đại
11. exert (v): nỗ lực tạo thành
12. flaw (v/n): khuyết điểm, thiếu sót
13. fume (n): khói
14. guarantee (v): bảo đảm, cam đoan
15. holistic (adj): toàn diện
16. levy (v): đánh thuế
17. long-lasting (adj) – longer-lasting (comparative adj): lâu dài, bền bỉ
18. mere (adj): chỉ (đơn thuần) là
19. reduce (v) – reduction (n): giảm bớt
20. short-term – long-term (adj): ngắn hạn – dài hạn

21. significant (adj): đáng kể
22. ubiquity (n) – ubiquitous (adj): có mặt ở mọi nơi
153
; CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:
Task 1: Writesentences from given cues. Make changes to thecues when needed.
1. area/park/be/specially designate / children.
2. much / coast / be/ contaminate/nuclear waste.
3. high / cost / fuel / sure / curtail / holiday travel / this year.
4. outspoken / singer / be / advocate / gay and lesbian / right.
5. he/tend / exaggerate / when / talk/about/accomplishment
1. Sau nhiều nghiên cứu, các nhà khoa học đã tìm ra nguyên nhân của căn bệnh là do rối
loạn gien.
2. Mặc dù tôi thích uống cà phê, tôi đã lựa chọn tránh thức uống này bởi những tác hại cà
phê mang tới cho rằng miệng tôi.
154
3. Khi nhà cầm quyền quyết định đánh thêm thuế vào các sản phẩm thuốc lá, những người
hút thuốc đã tràn ra đường phố để biểu tình.
4. Cách chữa trị toàn diện mà bác sỹ của tôi đưa ra bao gồm thảo mộc và các loại vitamin
giúp nâng cao sức khỏe.
5. Từ cửa sổ khách sạn, tôi có thể nhìn thấy khí thải ô nhiễm từ một nhà máy liền kề.
advocate (n) guarantee (v)
atmosphere (n) holistic (adj)
contaminant (n) levy (v)
contribute (v) long-lasting (adj)
mere (adj)
culprit (n)
curtail (v) reduce (v) - reduction (n)
designate (v) short-term - long-term (adj)
emission (n) significant (adj)
eschew (v) ubiquity (n) - ubiquitous (adj)
exert (v)
exaggerate (v)
flaw (v/n)
exaggeration (n)
fume (n)
155
Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air pollution, others think there are
some other ways. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The 1
of cars is often considered as a major 2. of air quality
degradation in many countries. To combat 3 pollution, many suggest that car
free days should be held internationally. However, I contend that these events may achieve little
success, and there are more effective methods to preserve the atmosphere.
4
of organising global car-free days may argue that the absence of cars
promotes the use of public transport and activities such as cycling and walking, which all
5
considerably to the 6 of traffic emissions. This argument, from
my perspective, is 7.
because of two facts. The first is that a few days without cars
out of 365 days of the year may help cut down as little as one percent of the annual amount of
traffic 8
so the assertion that this 9 reduction is 10
is a 11
The second is that this solution does not limit the massive amount of air
12
being released from industrial zones. It is therefore a one-sided approach and
arguably not an effective way to address the problem of air pollution.
There are, in my opinion, better measures to minimise air pollution. One of them is constructing
dedicated lanes for public means of transport. These lanes 13 that public transport
is relatively faster than individual vehicles in rush hours, which may encourage a majority of
commuters to14 their personal vehicles in favour of mass transit. The implication
is that motor vehicle use may be reduced throughout the year, which 15 a
16
impact on minimising traffic fumes than international car free days may do.
Another measure is 17_ a tax on carbon usage in all areas, including transport and
industrial production. This measure has been adopted in several countries including the United
Kingdom, and has proven its effectiveness as a 18_ approach to 19
in all fields.
To sum up, I believe the organisation of world car free days may produce little effect on protecting
the atmosphere. Other solutions, namely building 20_ lanes for public vehicles and
taxing all industries on carbon usage, produce more sustainable effects on a larger scale.
156
Key:
Task 1:
1. This area of the park has been specially designated for children.
2. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.
3. The high cost of fuel is sure to curtail holiday travel this year.
4. The outspoken singer is an advocate for gay and lesbian rights.
5. He tends to exaggerate when talking about his accomplishments.
1. After much research, scientists identified the culprit of the disease as a genetic disorder.
2. Even though I love coffee, I have chosen to eschew the beverage because of the damage
it does to my teeth.
3. When the governor decided to levy additional fees on tobacco products, smokers took to
the streets in protest.
4. The holistic treatment prescribed by my doctor includes herbs and vitamins that will
improve my general well-being.
5. From the hotel window, I could see the emission of pollutants coming from a nearby
factory.
Task 3
The (1) ubiquity of cars is often considered as a major (2) culprit of air quality degradation in
many countries. To combat (3) atmospheric pollution, many suggest that car-free days should
be held internationally. However, I contend that these events may achieve little success, and
there are more effective methods to preserve the atmosphere.
(4) Advocates of organising global car-free days may argue that the absence of cars promotes
the use of public transport and activities such as cycling and walking, which all (5) contributes
considerably to the (6) reduction of traffic emissions. This argument, from my perspective, is
(7) flawed, because of two facts. The first is that a few days without cars out of 365 days of the
year may help cut down as little as one percent of the annual amount of traffic (8) fumes, so the
assertion that this (9) short-term reduction is (10) significant is a (11) mere exaggeration.The
second is that this solution does not limit the massive amount of air (12) contaminants being
released from industrial zones. It is therefore a one-sided approach and arguably not an effective
way to address the problem of air pollution.
157
. CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
There are, in my opinion, better measures to minimise air pollution. One of them is
constructing dedicated lanes for public means of transport. These lanes (13) guarantee that
public transport is relatively faster than individual vehicles in rush hours, which may encourage
a majority of commuters to (14) eschew their personal vehicles in favour of mass transit. The
implication is that motor vehicle use may be reduced throughout the year, which (15) exerts
a (16) longer-lasting impact on minimising traffic fumes than international car free days may
do. Another measure is (17) levying a tax on carbon usage in all areas, including transport and
industrial production. This measure has been adopted in several countries including the United
Kingdom, and has proven its effectiveness as a (18) holistic approach to (19) curtail emissions
in all fields.
To sum up, I believe the organisation of world car free days may produce little effect on protecting
the atmosphere. Other solutions, namely building (20) designated lanes for public vehicles and
taxing all industries on carbon usage, produce more sustainable effects on a larger scale.
158
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 7: GOVERNMENTS
VOCABULARY SET 26: SUPPORTING ARTISTS
Vocabulary:
1.
aid (n): sự trợ giúp
2. compelling (adj): thuyết phục
3. cost – effective (adj): hiệu quả kinh tế, hiệu quả chi phí
4. deprived (adj): thiếu thốn
5. digital technology (np): công nghệ kĩ thuật số
6. financial assistance (np): hỗ trợ tài chính
7. financial resources (np): nguồn lực tài chính
8. governmental budget/ allowance/ spending (np): ngân sách của chính phủ / trợ cấp
của chính phủ /chi tiêu của chính phủ
9. inadequate (adj): không thỏa đáng
10. money – wasting (adj): lãng phí tiền bạc
11. precursor (n): tiền thân
12. promote (v): khuyến khích, thúc đẩy, ủng hộ

13. recompense (n): phần thưởng, đền bù, đãi ngộ
14. stimulate (v): kích thích
15. sustainable (adj): bền vững
16. take a (giant) leap (collocation): thực hiện bước nhảy vọt, tiến một bước dài
17. treasure (v): quý trọng, coi trọng
18. willingly (adv): sẵn lòng, vui lòng
159
Exercises:

1. Trong bản dự thảo mới về ngân sách chính phủ, ngành công nghiệp du lịch nhận được
nhiều hỗ trợ tài chính hơn.
2. Với sự ra đời của Iphone, Apple đã tiến một bước dài để trở thành công ty dẫn đầu về công
nghệ điện thoại thông minh.
3. Với sự trợ giúp của công nghệ kĩ thuật số, các nghệ sĩ có nhiều cách hơn để tạo ra tác phẩm
nghệ thuật và tiếp cận công chúng.
4. Chiếc nhẫn này đã được truyền qua nhiều thế hệ trong gia đình tôi, bởi vậy tôi luôn trân
trọng nó.
5. Các bác sỹ và giáo viên tại Việt Nam thường được trả lương thấp, điều này là một sự đãi
ngộ không thỏa đáng đối với những gì họ đóng góp cho xã hội.
1. Long / public holiday/be/way / stimulate / economic growth.
160
2. It/not/be/cost-effective / buy / expensive / new / computer / when/all/ you / want /
do/be/store/photos.
3. Financial resources/be/money/ available / business / spend.
4. Biological research/ often / be / precursor / medical breakthrough.
5. Deprived /life/be/double-edged sword: / It / motivate/or / discourage/people/try.
aid (n) money-wasting (adj)
compelling (adj) precursor (n)
cost-effective (adj) promote (v)
deprived (adj) recompense (n)
digital technology (np) stimulate (v)
financial assistance (np) sustainable (adj)
financial resources (np) take a (giant) leap (collocation)
governmental budget/ allowance/ spending (np) treasure (v)
inadequate (adj) willingly (adv)
161
Some peoplethinkthatgovernments shouldgive financialsupport to artists, musicians andpoets. Others think that
it is a waste ofmoney.
Discuss both views and giveyour opinion.
Governmental finance as a form of support for artists has evolved into a major topic of concern
in modern society. While some believe there are real benefits to this policy, I would contend that
this is a waste of 1
There is a common belief that artists should be provided with financial support by the
state. People may argue that some artists receive 2_ compared with what they
contribute to society. For example, Nguyen Van Ty, the composer of many nationally-famous
songs in Vietnam, lived a 3 life and died in poverty. Another significant reason for
this belief is that once the 4_ on supporting artists is allowed, thousands of young
artists would be 5_ to contribute more to the development of art. A clear example
of this is that the 2005 6 for young photographers in Singapore
acted as a 7 to an era in which Singaporean photography 8 to
become a leading industry in the whole country's art sector.
However, I am convinced that this type of 9 is wasteful. The primary reason is

that in today's economy, artists can take care of themselves financially without the help of the
government. With the 10 of the Internet and 11 artists can now
reach millions of people by publishing their artwork online. With this larger target audience,
artists may easily find buyers for their paintings, songs or writing and therefore do not need
12 Another significant reason why this is a waste of money is that there are
better ways for the government to spend their budget for development of the arts. Investment
in education in the arts, for example, not only raises the public awareness of the arts, but also
makes people 13_ them more. The result of this practice is that the public would
14 pay more for paintings, music or poetry, which is a more 15_
way to 16 the arts. This makes providing artists with financial assistance a less
17 and thus a 18. policy.
To conclude, although the idea of giving artists financial assistance is worthwhile in the view
of some people, I firmly believe that there are far more 19_ reasons why this policy
is a waste of money in today's society.
162
1
Key
1. In the new proposal regarding governmental budget, more financial assistance is

provided to the tourism industry.
2. With the invention of Iphone, Apple took a (giant) leap to become the leading company
in smart phone technology.
3. With the aid of digital technology, artists have more ways to create artworks and approach
general public.
4. This ring has been passed on through generations in my family; hence, I always treasure it.
5. Doctors and teachers in Vietnam are often underpaid, which is an inadequate recompense
compared with what they contribute to the society.
Task 2:
1. Long public holidays can be a way to stimulate economic growth.
2. It wouldn't be cost-effective to buy an expensive new computer when all you want to do
is to store your photos.
3. Financial resources are the money available to a business for spending.
4. Biological research has often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs.
5. A deprived life is a double-edged sword: It can motivate or discourage people from trying.
Task 3
Governmental finance as a form of support for artists has evolved into a major topic of concern
in modern society. While some believe there are real benefits to this policy, I would contend that
this is a waste of (1) financial resources.
There is a common belief that artists should be provided with financial support by the state.
People may argue that some artists receive (2) inadequate recompense compared with what
they contribute to society. For example, Nguyen Van Ty, the composer of many nationally-famous
songs in Vietnam, lived a (3) deprived life and died in poverty. Another significant reason for this
belief is that once the (4) governmental budget on supporting artists is allowed, thousands
of young artists would be (5) stimulated to contribute more to the development of art. A clear
example of this is that the 2005 (6) governmental allowance for young photographers in
Singapore acted as a (7) precursor to an era in which Singaporean photography (8) took a giant
leap to become a leading industry in the whole country's art sector.
However, am convinced that this type of (9) governmental spending is wasteful. The
I
primary reason is that in today's economy, artists can take care of themselves financially without
163
the help of the government. With the (10) aid of the Internet and (11) digital technology, artists
can now reach millions of people by publishing their artwork online. With this larger target
audience, artists may easily find buyers for their paintings, songs or writing and therefore do
not need (12) financial assistance. Another significant reason why this is a waste of money is
that there are better ways for the government to spend their budget for development of the
arts. Investment in education in the arts, for example, not only raises the public awareness of the
arts, but also makes people (13) treasure them more. The result of this practice is that the public
would (14) willingly pay more for paintings, music or poetry, which is a more (15) sustainable
way to (16) promote the arts. This makes providing artists with financial assistance a less (17)
cost-effective and thus a (18) money-wasting policy.
To conclude, although the idea of giving artists financial assistance is worthwhile in the view
of some people, I firmly believe that there are far more (19) compelling reasons why this policy
is a waste of money in today's society.
164
VOCABULARY SET 27: HELPING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Vocabulary:
1. acquisition (n): thu nhận được
2. advocate (n): người ủng hộ, tán thành
3. aid (n/v): hỗ trợ, trợ giúp
4. build-operate-transfer model - bot model (n): mô hình xây dựng-vận hành-chuyển

giao. Chính phủ kêu gọi các công ty tư nhân bỏ vốn xây dựng (build) thông qua đấu thầu,
sau đó khai thác vận hành một thời gian (operate) và sau cùng là chuyển giao (transfer) lại
cho nhà nước sở tại.
5. call for (ph.v): kêu gọi
6. core (n): cốt lõi, trung tâm
7. counterpart (n): tổ chức tương ứng

8. crucial (adj): quan trọng, cốt yếu
9. deploy (v): triển khai

10. enormous (adj): khổng lồ, to lớn
11. forego (v): từ bỏ
12. fund (n/v): vốn, tài trợ
13. geneticist (n): nhà di truyền học

14. grant (v): ban tặng, trao thưởng, cấp cho, chấp thuận
15. in exchange for (collocation): để đổi lấy
16. infrastructure (n): cơ sở hạ tầng
17. innovation (n): sáng kiến, đổi mới

18. mass-production (n): sản xuất hàng loạt
19. necessitate (v): cần phải có
20. pivotal (adj): then chốt, chủ chốt
165
21. quota (n): chỉ tiêu, hạn ngạch
22. sacrifice (v): hi sinh
23. solely (adv): duy nhất
24. substantial (adj): đáng kể

25. sustainable (adj): bền vững
26. thrive (v): khởi sắc, phát triển
166
Exercises
1. company / reconsider / way / in which/it/deploy / its staff.
2. sick dog / begin / thrive / when / he / placed / loving family.
3. president / met / Canadian / counterpart / talk / trade treaty.
4. reduction / government spending / necessitate / further / cut/ public / service.
5. since/1/diet/1/decide / forego / friend/dessert offer.
167
Task2: Translate from Vietnamese to English
1. Dịch vụ khách hàng tốt đóng vai trò then chốt đối với một doanh nghiệp thành công.
2. Tình trạng ngày càng cũ kĩ của đường phố, đường hầm và cầu đều cần sự sửa chữa cấp thiết.
3. Chính quyền thời hậu chiến mang nhiệm vụ to lớn là tái thiết đất nước.
4. Phần lớn các câu lạc bộ và các hoạt động đều được tổ chức ở trung tâm thành phố để mọi
người có thể tiếp cận dễ dàng.
5. Những người làm việc ở tổ chức Chữ thập đỏ thường trợ giúp hồi sức cho những nạn nhân
của thiên tai bằng cách cung cấp sự chăm sóc y tế cho những ai bị thương.
168
acquisition (n) geneticist (n) sacrifice (v)
advocate (n) solely (adv)

grant (v)
aid (n/v) substantial (adj)

in exchange for (collocation)
Build-operate-transfer model
sustainable (adj)
infrastructure (n)
- bot model (n)
thrive (v)
innovation (n)
call for (ph.v)
crucial (adj)
mass-production (n)
core (n)
necessitate (v) deploy (v)
counterpart (n)
pivotal (adj)
enormous (adj)
fund (n/v)
quota (n) forego (v)
Some people think that developing countries need financial help from international organizations. Others think
that it is practical aid and advice that is needed. Discuss these views and give your own opinion.
The support of the international community is of paramount importance to the development

of less-developed parts of the world. Some people believe that 1. support is
indispensable. However, I contend that international funds are not necessary for development
while technical assistance is arguably a more effective way of helping developing countries.
2 of 3
developing countries financial help may argue
that this form of support is essential for the construction of 4 a task that
often requires a 5 amount of investment. From my perspective, this argument

is flawed. Developing countries, as a norm, have to 6_ many of their national
interests to be eligible for international funding. A clear illustration of this is that the Vietnamese
government had to remove a 7 on Japanese cars 8 the
Japanese government's approval of funding for two major agricultural projects in the Red River
Delta. As there are many other methods of 9 investment that do not often
require countries to 10_ their interests, such as using the 11_

of project financing, I argue that international financial support is unnecessary.
I am firmly convinced that non-financial assistance from the international community has a
12 role to play in the developing world. This is because 13
development 14 the building of a strong workforce and the

15 of technology, neither of which can be provided 16 by
financial help. In reality, many forms of technical assistance have been offered to developing
countries, including knowledge sharing and the transfer of technological 17.
There are many success stories of less-developed nations receiving this type of support, as can be
seen in the classic case of basmati rice production in Indonesia. In the late 1990s, a group of Indian
169
plant 18
and agricultural specialists was 19_ in Indonesia to
share their expertise with and to transfer the 20 technology of this variety
of rice to their Indonesian 21, The 22 and long-lasting
success of the basmati rice industry in Indonesia in the following two decades has proven that
international technical support is essential for lower-income countries to develop sustainably.
From the arguments outlined above, one may conclude it is practical assistance, not financial
support, that is 23 for developing nations to 24_ in the long
term. I predict that practical 25 and advice will be at the 26
of international support in the future.
170
Key:
Task 1:
1. The company is reconsidering the way in which it deploys its staff.
2. The sick dog began to thrive when he was placed with a loving family.
3. The president met with his Canadian counterpart to talk about a trade treaty.
4. Reduction in government spending will necessitate further cuts in public services.

5. Since I'm on a diet, I decided to forego my friend's dessert offer.
Task2: Answers may vary
1. Good customer service is pivotal to a successful business.
2. The aging infrastructure of the city roads, tunnels and bridges are in urgent need of repair.
3. The post-war government had the enormous task of reconstructing the nation.
4. Most of the clubs and activities are located in the core of the city, so everyone has easy
access to it.
5. Red Cross workers usually aid in the recovery of victims of natural disasters by providing
medical care to those who are injured.
Task 3
The support of the international community is of paramount importance to the development
of less-developed parts of the world. Some people believe that (1) funded support is
indispensable. However, contend that international funds are not necessary for development
I
while technical assistance is arguably a more effective way of helping developing countries.
(2) Advocates of (3) granting developing countries financial help may argue that this form
of support is essential for the construction of (4) infrastructure, a task that often requires a (5)
substantial amount of investment. From my perspective, this argument is flawed. Developing
countries, as a norm, have to (6) sacrifice many of their national interests to be eligible for
international funding. A clear illustration of this is that the Vietnamese government had to
remove a (7) quota on Japanese cars (8) in exchange for the Japanese government's approval
of funding for two major agricultural projects in the Red River Delta. As there are many other
methods of (9) calling for investment that do not often require countries to (10) forego their
interests, such as using the (11) build-operate-transfer model of project financing, I argue that
international financial support is unnecessary.
I am firmly convinced that non-financial assistance from the international community has a
(12) pivotal role to play in the developing world. This is because (13) sustainable development
171
The
CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNGTHIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
(14) necessitates the building of a strong workforce and the (15) acquisition of technology,
neither of which can be provided (16) solely by financial help. In reality, many forms of technical
assistance have been offered to developing countries, including knowledge sharing and the
transfer of technological (17) innovations. There are many success stories of less-developed
nations receiving this type of support, as can be seen in the classic case of basmati rice production
in Indonesia. In the late 1990s, a group of Indian plant (18) geneticists and agricultural specialists
was (19) deployed in Indonesia to share their expertise with and to transfer the (20) mass
production technology of this variety of rice to their Indonesian (21) counterparts. The (22)
enormous and long-lasting success of the basmati rice industry in Indonesia in the following
two decades has proven that international technical support is essential for lower-income
countries to develop sustainably.
From the arguments outlined above, one may conclude it is practical assistance, not financial
support, that is (23) crucial for developing nations to (24) thrive in the long term. I predict that
practical (25) aid and advice will be at the (26) core of international support in the future.
172
VOCABULARY SET 28: TAX ON FAST FOOD
Vocabulary:
1. average (adj): trung bình
2. average-income working people: người đi làm có thu nhập trung bình

3. burden (n): gánh nặng
4. counterproductive (adj): phản tác dụng, đi ngược lại

5. decisive (adj): mang yếu tố quyết định
6. expenditure (n): chi phí, tiêu dùng
7. for the sake of (idioms): vì lợi ích gì đó
8. hazards (n): mối nguy hiểm
9. on a regular basis (collocation) = regularly (adv): thường xuyên
10. opt for (phr.v): lựa chọn
11. prevalent (adj): phổ biến
12. sacrifice (v); hi sinh
13. scheme (n): khung, kế hoạch
14. senseless (adj): vô nghĩa
15. switch (v): chuyển sang
16. the ease of (collocation): sự dễ dàng, đơn giản, thoải mái
173
Exercises:
1. government/ annual / expenditure / arms / reduce.
2. it / clear / that/consumer / opt for / low price / good.
3. many / woman / sacrifice / their / own / ambitions / put / their family / first.
4. Sweden / know as /nation/ ridden / suicide and alcoholism / but/ those problems/no/
more prevalent / here/than / most / European country.
5. buy/house / often/place/large financial burden / young couples.
6. economy / regard / as / decisive factor / which/ will / determine / outcome /

general election.
7. his/ uncontrollable / anger / very/counterproductive / his attempt / save / his marriage.
8. average/woman/live/long/than/man.
174
9. the sake / those / who / already/read/ the chapter/1/not/go/it/too much detail.
10. after / bank / rob / gang/ switch / cars.

average (adj) on a regular basis (collocation)
average-income working people opt for (phr.v)
burden (n) prevalent (adj)
counterproductive (adj) sacrifice (v)
decisive (adj) scheme (n)
expenditure (n) senseless (adj)
for the sake of (idiom) switch (v)
hazards (n) the ease of (collocation)
In somecountries, an increasing number of people are suffering from health problems as a resultof eating too much
fast food. It is therefore necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kind offood.
To what extentdo you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Recently, the increasing presence of fast food has caused many policymakers to consider
specific taxation 1 that may fundamentally reduce the consumption of this
type of food. However, I contend taxation may not be an effective solution for the following
reasons.
Despite the increased prices because of tax, consumers may still 2 fast food
for 3
it brings. In a world with a busy lifestyle, there could be extremely few
customers willing to wait for fifteen minutes in their lunch time to be served with a healthy meal.
In other words, food quality can sometimes be 4_ saving time. Convenience,
on the other hand, is perhaps the most significant 5_ factor when the majority
of the population choose what to eat 6 . This is an absolute advantage of fast
food, due to 7. value of being 'fast', making it the 8 choice
regardless of the health 9. it brings.
From the financial perspective, increased tax on fast food could even be a 10
175
solution to the problem. This is primarily because fast food is an economical choice for a
large number of 11
If such a tax policy is introduced, those who are on
a limited food budget will be the ones who will suffer. It will not, therefore, mean that they
12
to healthier food, which still remain relatively more expensive. As a result,
a fast food tax alone may only place a financial 13_ on the average tax-payers.
To conclude, it seems 14_ to convey the idea that a higher tax on harmful
precooked food is an appropriate measure, as it may lead to heavier routine 15
176
Key:
Task 1
1. The government's annual expenditure on arms has been reduced.
2. It is clear that consumers will opt for low-priced goods.
3. Many women sacrifice their own ambitions to put their family first.
4. Sweden is known as a nation ridden by suicide and alcoholism, but those problems are no
more prevalent here than in most European countries.
5. Buying a house often places a large financial burden on young couples.
6. The economy is regarded as the decisive factor which will determine the outcome of the
general election.
7. His uncontrollable anger is very counterproductive to his attempt at saving his marriage.
8. On average, women live longer than men.
9. For the sake of those who have already read the chapter, I won't go into it in too much
detail.
10. After the bank robbery, the gang switched cars.
Task 2
Recently, the increasing presence of fast food has caused many policymakers to consider
specific taxation (1) schemes that may fundamentally reduce the consumption of this type of
food. However, I contend taxation may not be an effective solution for the following reasons.
Despite the increased prices because of tax, consumers may still (2) opt for fast food
for
(3) the ease of life it brings. In a world with a busy lifestyle, there could be extremely
few customers willing to wait for fifteen minutes in their lunch time to be served
with a healthy meal. In other words, food quality can sometimes be (4) sacrificed for the sake
of saving time. Convenience, on the other hand, is perhaps the most significant (5) decisive
factor when the majority of the population choose what to eat (6) on a regular basis. This is
an absolute advantage of fast food, due to its (7) intrinsic value of being 'fast, making it the (8)
prevalent choice regardless of the health (9) hazards it brings.
Fromthefinancial perspective, increasedtaxonfastfoodcould even bea (10) counterproductive

solution to the problem. This is primarily because fast food is an economical choice for a large
number of (11) average-income working people. If such a tax policy is introduced, those who
177
are on a limited food budget will be the ones who will suffer. It will not, therefore, mean that they
(12) switch to healthier food, which still remain relatively more expensive. As a result, a fast food
tax alone may only place a financial (13) burden on the average tax-payers.
To conclude, it seems (14) senseless to convey the idea that a higher tax on harmful precooked
food is an appropriate measure, as it may lead to heavier routine (15) expenditure.
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VOCABULARY SET 29: BANNING DANGEROUS SPORTS
Vocabulary:
1. a barrage of (collocation): một tràng, một loạt
2. abdominal (adj): ở phần bụng, thuộc về bụng

3. acute (adj): đau đớn
4. be fraught with (collocation) = be full of (collocation): đầy rẫy những điều gì
5. beout of all proportion to (collocation):quá mạnh một cách không cần thiết để
xử lý một việc
6. ethical (adj): có đạo đức, mang tính đạo đức
7. ever-present (adj): luôn hiện diện
8. fatal (adj): gây chết người
9. legislation (n): lập pháp, pháp chế
10. make for (phr.v): tạo thành
11. malfunction (v/n): gặp trục trặc khi hoạt động / lỗi khi hoạt động
12. mental scars (collocation): ảnh hưởng lâu dài về tâm lý
13. rigour (n): tính nghiêm khắc, tính khắc nghiệt
14. spectacular (adj): ngoạn mục, ấn tượng
15. strenuous (adj): tốn rất nhiều công sức và sự cố gắng
16. to be a springboard for something (collocation): đạo điều kiện cho cái gì đó diễn ra
17. tragic outcome (collocation): hậu quả tồi tệ
179
Exercises:
1. student / not/apply / oneself / will not / able/handle/ rigour/medical school.
2. since/2001 / American / always / feel / ever-present / danger / terrorist / attack.
3. lawyer / politician/ often /insult/their / apparent / lack / ethical / value.
4. everyone / agree/film/inside/chocolate factory / make for / good television.
5. shortly before / crash/pilot / report / malfunction / aircraft / navigation system.
1. Màn trình diễn pháo hoa ngoạn mục đã thu hút những tràng pháo tay như sấm từ khán giả.
2. Tinh thần chăm chỉ và đoàn kết của người Nhật tạo điều kiện cho sự hồi sinh kì diệu sau
những thiệt hại mà cơn sóng thần gây ra.
3. Cảnh sát đang điều tra một vụ tai nạn xe hơi gây chết người xảy ra đêm qua.
180
4. Cuộc sống của một điệp viên đầy rẫy những khó khăn và nguy hiểm mà người bình
thường không thể hiểu được.
5. Anh ấy lười đến mức hiếm khi làm việc gì tốn nhiều công sức hơn việc chuyển kênh tivi.
a barrage of (collocation) legislation (n)
abdominal (adj) make for (phr.v)
acute (adj) malfunction (v/n)
be fraught with= be full of (collocation) mental scars (collocation)
be out of all proportion to (collocation) rigour (n)
ethical (adj) spectacular (adj)
ever-present (adj) strenuous (adj)
fatal (adj) to be a springboard for something (collocation)
tragic outcome (collocation)
Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think people should have freedom
todo any sports or activity. Discuss both views andgive your own opinion.
The media commonly provide 1. news about dangerous sports, because the
deaths and 2 associated with them often 3 headlines. As a result,
some people have claimed that all extreme sports should be banned, although I would argue
that such a policy would 4_ the real risks involved.
Those in favour of prohibiting people from taking part in dangerous sports tend to focus on
the risk element. Even when individuals may be physically and mentally prepared to participate
in extreme sports activities, and even when they have all the right equipment, the dangers
are 5 For example, few sports are as challenging and 6 as BASE
jumping. Participants hurl themselves off cliffs or tall buildings, and few escape without suffering
severe bruising or 7 pains which normally last for several days. In addition,
this
although sports equipment rarely 8. may still happen, and the consequences
may be 9 such a BASE jumper's parachute failing to deploy. The supporters of
10 to ban dangerous sports argue that such 11 not only affect the
181
LÀ 38 CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
individual victims, but also leave 12_ which their families then have to live with for
the rest of their lives.
However, I support the view of those who contend that participation in extreme sports must
be a matter of personal choice. Firstly, overcoming physical challenges may 13.
positive personal transformation. It may make a person stronger and more determined, and the
experience may be a life-changing one. Secondly, the 14 of preparation in order
to take part in mountain-climbing, white-water rafting or other such extremely 15

activities demonstrate that an individual is in peak health and physical condition. Finally, there is
an 16
aspect which dictates that a person should have the freedom to pursue the
challenges which they set themselves, even though this may involve a level of risk that others
might find unacceptable.
In conclusion, while acknowledging the real risks, I would defend the right of any individual
to take part in the extreme sport of their choice.
351 words, first draft by Tien Nguyen, final draft by Tu Pham
182
Key:
Task 1:
1. Students who do not apply themselves will not be able to handle the rigour of medical
school.
2. Since 2001, Americans have always felt the ever-present danger of a terrorist attack.
3. Lawyers and politicians are often insulted for their apparent lack of ethical values.
4. Everyone agreed that filming inside a chocolate factory would make for good television.
5. Shortly before the crash the pilot had reported a malfunction of the aircraft's navigation
system.
1. The spectacular fireworks display drew thunderous applause from the audience.
2. Japanese diligence and solidarity were a springboard for their miracle recovery from the
damages the tsunami had caused.
3. The police are investigating a fatal car crash that occurred last night.
4. Life of a spy is fraught with difficulties and danger that normal people cannot understand.
5. He is so lazy that he rarely does anything more strenuous than changing the channels on
the television.
Task 3
The media commonly provide (1) a barrage of news about dangerous sports, because the
deaths and (2) injuries associated with them often (3) make for spectacular headlines. As a
result, some people have claimed that all extreme sports should be banned, although I would
argue that such a policy would (4) be out of all proportion to the real risks involved.
Those in favour of prohibiting people from taking part in dangerous sports tend to focus on
the risk element. Even when individuals may be physically and mentally prepared to participate
in extreme sports activities, and even when they have all the right equipment, the dangers are
(5) ever-present. For example, few sports are as challenging and (6) fraught with danger as
BASE jumping. Participants hurl themselves off cliffs or tall buildings, and few escape without
suffering severe bruising or (7) acute abdominal pains which normally last for several days.
In addition, although sports equipment rarely (8) malfunctions, this may still happen, and
the consequences may be (9) fatal - such as a BASE jumper's parachute failing to deploy. The
supporters of (10) legislation to ban dangerous sports argue that such (11) tragic outcomes
not only affect the individual victims, but also leave (12) mental scars which their families then
have to live with for the rest of their lives.
183
However, I support the view ofthose who contend that participation in extreme sports must be
a matter of personal choice. Firstly, overcoming physical challenges may (13) be a springboard
for positive personal transformation. It may make a person stronger and more determined, and
the experience may be a life-changing one. Secondly, the (14) rigours of preparation in order
to take part in mountain-climbing, white-water rafting or other such extremely (15) strenuous
activities demonstrate that an individual is in peak health and physical condition. Finally, there
is an (16) ethical aspect which dictates that a person should have the freedom to pursue the
challenges which they set themselves, even though this may involve a level of risk that others
might find unacceptable.
In conclusion, while acknowledging the real risks, would defend the right of any individual
I
to take part in the extreme sport of their choice.
351 words, first draft by Tien Nguyen, final draft by Tu Pham
184
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 8: INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY.
VOCABULARY SET 30: SPORTS STARS AS ROLE MODELS
Vocabulary:
1. admiration (n): sự ngưỡng mộ
2. diligence (n): sự chăm chỉ, gần nghĩa với “hardwork”, “industriousness”
3. disregard (v/n): coi nhẹ, coi thường, bỏ qua
4.
imitate (v): bắt chước, gần nghĩa với “mimic”, “copy”
5. immature (adj): thiếu trưởng thành, không suy nghĩ thấu đảo khi hành động
6. individualism (n): chủ nghĩa cá nhân - individualistic (adj)
7. infamous (adj): có tai tiếng
8. irrespective of (collocation): bất kể
9. juvenile (n): thanh thiếu niên, người trẻ tuổi
10. materialistic (adj): mang tính vật chất, thuộc chủ nghĩa vật chất
11. proclivity (n): xu hướng
12. profitable (adj): có lợi ích, gần nghĩa với “beneficial,“advantageous”
13. undesirable (adj): không mong muốn, tồi tệ, gây hại, gần nghĩa với “negative",
"unpleasant"
185
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes tothe cues when needed.
1. as / Prime Minister/he/ constantly / challenge / his diligence / party member.
2. drug / some / undesirable / side / effect.
3. It / note / that/police / the city / choose / not/release/names / most / juvenile victim
4. He /tell / us / disregard / everything / we/learn/far/ and/start / again.
5. some / younger pop bands / try / imitate / musical heroes / past.
6. today/it/easy / young entertainers / known / public / irrespective of /whether/they/

famous / infamous.
7. company / remain / moderately profitable / but/it/not/make/as/money/as / should.
8. she/may/ gone / but /her/proclivity / turn /hair/art/still / influence / many / today.
186
9. fact/ that/he/young / politician / not / mean/he/politically immature.
10. public / admiration / be / misdirect/as/he/do/ nothing / deserve / it.
admiration (n) infamous (adj)
diligence (n) irrespective of (collocation)
disregard (v/n) juvenile (n)
imitate (v) materialistic (adj)
immature (adj) proclivity (n)
individualism (n) profitable (adj)
undesirable (adj)
Nowadays, young people admire sports stars though they often do not set a good example. Do you think this is a
positive ornegative development?
Although top sports athletes are often poor role models, it is undeniable that they are the
source of 1 of millions of young people. This is, overall, a negative trend for
the young generation and society despite any possible benefits gained.
I think this trend could be 2 only if the young 3. the
negative and focus on the positive aspects of sports stars' lives. Ronaldo, a world-class central
for his extreme 5 but is still a
forward, for example, is 4_
role model of 6 and determination for all the efforts he has exerted in football
training. Many adolescents who are Ronaldo's fans have overlooked his 7
personal traits and trained themselves hard to achieve extraordinary results in their lives. In this
way, the young may still benefit from sports stars' valuable life lessons.
However, I contend that this is generally an adverse trend because with the majority
of youngsters, it may lead to unpleasant consequences. This is because the young could
be 8 and they may 9_ all the actions of the stars,
10 whether these actions are beneficial or not. What these young people may
copy may range from a 11, lifestyle, an individualistic way of living to more
187
problematic behaviours such as sexism, racism and discrimination. These outcomes are negative
not only for the 12. themselves but for society as a whole in the future.
To sum up, even though the young may learn some useful life skills from the top athletes who
set a poor example, the 13_ of admiring and imitating these stars may result in
a wide range of adverse effects and thus is an issue of concern in today's society.
188
Key:
Task 1
1. As the Prime Minister, he has been constantly challenged on his diligence by party
members.
2. The drug has some undesirable side effects.
3. It is noted that police in the city chose not to release the names of most juvenile victims.
4. He told us to disregard everything we had learned so far and start again.
5. Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their musical heroes from the past.
6. Today, it is easy for young entertainers to be known to public, irrespective of whether they
become famous or infamous.
7. The company remains moderately profitable, but it is not making as much money as
it should.
8. She may be gone, but her proclivity to turn hair into art still influences many today.
9. The fact that he is a young politician does not mean he is politically immature.
10. The public's admiration is misdirected, as he has done nothing to deserve it.
Task 2
Although top sports athletes are often poor role models, it is undeniable that they are the
source of (1) admiration of millions of young people. This is, overall, a negative trend for the
young generation and society despite any possible benefits gained.
I think this trend could be (2) profitable only if the young (3) disregard the negative and focus
on the positive aspects of sports stars' lives. Ronaldo, a world-class central forward, for example,
is (4) infamous for his extreme (5) individualism, but is still a role model of (6) diligence and
determination for all the efforts he has exerted in football training. Many adolescents who are
Ronaldo's fans have overlooked his (7) undesirable personal traits and trained themselves hard
to achieve extraordinary results in their lives. In this way, the young may still benefit from sports
stars' valuable life lessons.
However, contend that this is generally an adverse trend because with the majority of
I
youngsters, it may lead to unpleasant consequences. This is because the young could be (8)
immature and they may (9) imitate all the actions of the stars, (10) irrespective of whether
these actions are beneficial or not. What these young people may copy may range from a (11)
materialistic lifestyle, an individualistic way of living to more problematic behaviours such as
sexism, racism and discrimination. These outcomes are negative not only for the (12) juveniles
themselves but for society as a whole in the future.
189
To sum up, even though the young may learn some useful life skills from the top athletes who
set a poor example, the (13) proclivity of admiring and imitating these stars may result in a wide
range of adverse effects and thus is an issue of concern in today's society.
190
VOCABULARY SET 31: DISRESPECTFUL ATTITUDE
Vocabulary:
1. albeit (conjunction): mặc dù
2. attitude towards someone/something: thái độ đối với một người/một việc
4. deter (v): ngăn cản, cản trở
5. deter +n + from + V-ing
6. discriminate (v)
7. discrimination (n)
8. discriminatory (adj): phân biệt đối xử
9. insolent (adj) = ill-mannered (adj) = disrespectful (adj): thiếu tôn trọng người khác
10. parental guidance: sự giáo dục từ cha mẹ
11. reaffirm (v): khẳng định lại
12. reprimand (v): khiển trách, mắng mỏ
13. to be indifferent to something: thờ ơ với một việc
14. to disrespect someone: không tôn trọng người khác
15. viable (adj): khả thi, có thể tồn tại
16. widespread (adj): lan rộng, phổ biến
191
, 2 CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cueswhen needed.
1. some / developing countries/Vietnam / there / concern / whether / government / be able/
provide / viable / social service / poorer families.
2. order to / increase / number / female representatives / selection committee / decide / dis

criminate/favour / women / three years.
3. social charity/help/reaffirm / belief / humanity / love.
4. one /classroom rules / insolent behaviour/not/ tolerate.
5. Malnutrition / the region / widespread / affect/ up to 78 percent / children / under / five/
year old.
1. Buổi tối hôm đó rất dễ chịu, có điều hơi yên tĩnh.
2. Dạy học ở trường cấp 3 có thể trở nên khó khăn, đặc biệt khi trong lớp toàn là những cô
cậu thiếu niên thờ ơ với học hành.
192
3. Trẻ con ở trường mẫu giáo hay bị cô giáo nhắc nhở vì đánh bạn.
4. Mặc dù trải qua nhiều thăng trầm trong cuộc sống, không khó khăn nào có thể cản trở anh
ấy trở thành một trong những cầu thủ thành công nhất.
5. Sau buổi họp, có vẻ anh ấy đã thể hiện sự thay đổi trong thái độ làm việc, và gần đây đã trở
nên hợp tác hơn.
albeit (conjunction) ill-mannered (adj)
attitude towards someone/ something disrespectful (adj)
catalyst (n) parental guidance
deter (v) reaffirm (v)
discriminate (v) reprimand (v)
discrimination (n) to be indifferent to something
discriminatory (adj) to disrespect someone
insolent (adj) viable (adj)
widespread (adj)
There is a general increase in anti-social behaviours and lack of respect for others. Whatare the causes and solutions?
The 1 presence of anti-social behaviour and 2 towards others
has long been a prevalent issue in society today. Some of the major roots of this problem will be
discussed before the most 3 solutions are proposed.
Reasons for this alarming situation vary. In some cases, people may hold an anti-social attitude
or disrespect others because they live in an environment where violence and 4
are the norm. For example, children of sexist parents in rural families in Vietnam show a worrying
tendency of disrespecting women. In some other cases, it is the lack of 5 that is
to blame. As modern parents are becoming increasingly busy with their jobs, they may have
193
the proclivity 6
children's moral education. When there is no one to help young
children distinguish between right and wrong, 7. attitudes may emerge and
develop among them without being controlled.
A number of strong measures could be adopted to mitigate the problem. On the nation
al level, the government should take definite actions against violence and discrimination. This
could be done by ensuring strict enforcement of the laws on violent and discriminatory acts to
8
them from happening. In addition, on the nuclear-family level, parents need to
9
their role in morally guiding their children. If they notice any signs of anti-social
or 10
behaviour in children, the children should be 11. accordingly.
At the same time, parents could also educate their children about social manners by instilling
a moral code in them. These actions, 12_ small, could have a strong influence on
children when they grow up.

To conclude, it is clear that violence, discrimination and the indifference of parents to chil
dren's education are the major 13. for the increase in anti-social behaviour and
disrespect towards others. Strong measures, such as stringent law enforcement on violent and
discriminatory acts, should be taken to alleviate this distressing situation.
194
Key:
Task 1:
1. In some developing countries like Vietnam, there are concerns about whether the
government will be able to provide viable social services for poorer families.
2. In order to increase the number of female representatives, the selection committee

decided to discriminate in favour of women for three years.
3. Social charity helps reaffirm my belief in humanity and love.
4. One of the classroom rules is that insolent behaviours will not be tolerated.
5. Malnutrition in the region is widespread, affecting up to 78 percent of children under

five years old.
1. The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
2. Teaching at high schools can be tough, especially when a class is full of teenage boys and
girls who are indifferent to learning.
3. Kids at kindergarten are often reprimanded by their teachers for hitting classmates.
4. Despite a lot of ups and downs in life, no obstacles could deter him from becoming one of
the most successful football players.
5. After the meeting, he seemed to show changes in working attitude, and recently has
become more cooperative.
Task 3
The (1) widespread presence of anti-social behaviour and (2) disrespectful attitudes
towards others has long been a prevalent issue in society today. Some of the major roots of this
problem will be discussed before the most (3) viable solutions are proposed.
Reasons for this alarming situation vary. In some cases, people may hold an anti-social attitude
or disrespect others because they live in an environment where violence and (4) discrimination
are the norm. For example, children of sexist parents in rural families in Vietnam show a worrying
tendency of disrespecting women. In some other cases, it is the lack of (5) parental guidance
that is to blame. As modern parents are becoming increasingly busy with their jobs, they may
have the proclivity (6) to be indifferent to their children's moral education. When there is no one
to help young children distinguish between right and wrong, (7) ill-mannered attitudes may
emerge and develop among them without being controlled.
195
B8CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
A number of strong measures could be adopted to mitigate the problem. On the national
level, the government should take definite actions against violence and discrimination. This
could be done by ensuring strict enforcement of the laws on violent and discriminatory acts
to (8) deter them from happening. In addition, on the nuclear-family level, parents need to (9)
reaffirm their role in morally guiding their children. If they notice any signs of anti-social or (10)
insolent behaviour in children, the children should be (11) reprimanded accordingly. At the
same time, parents could also educate their children about social manners by instilling a moral
code in them. These actions, (12) albeit small, could have a strong influence on children when
they grow up.
To conclude, it is clear that violence, discrimination and the indifference of parents to

children's education are the major (13) catalysts for the increase anti-social behaviour and
disrespect towards others. Strong measures, such as stringent law enforcement on violent and
discriminatory acts, should be taken to alleviate this distressing situation.
196
VOCABULARY SET 32: LUCK AND SUCCESS
Vocabulary:
1. acknowledge (v): biết đến, công nhận, chấp nhận
2. ambition (n): hoài bão, khát vọng
3. ascertain (v): biết chắc, chắc chắn, làm sáng tỏ
4. attainment (n): đạt được, việc hoàn thành
5. be acknowledge by (collocation): được công nhận bởi (all mankind: toàn nhân loại)
6. determinant (n): yếu tố quyết định
7. determined (adj) – determination (n): kiên quyết – quyết tâm
8. disabled (adj): khuyết tật
9. exert (v): ra sức, nỗi lực, lợi dụng
10. filament (n): dây tóc (bóng đèn)
11. have alan (adj) part to play (collocation): có vai trò gì
12. over-reliance (n): quá phụ thuộc
13. overstate (v): nói quá
14. prevent somebody from doing something: ngăn cản ai làm gì

15. short-term >< long-term: ngắn hạn >< dài hạn
16. solid (adj): vững chắc, kiên cố, có cơ sở
17. tirelessly (adv): không mệt mỏi
197
Exercises:
Task 1:Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. some / manager / exert / considerable / pressure / their staff / work extra hour/
without / pay.
2. police/tireless/search/ the killer / but/they/not/find/ anything.
3. government / acknowledge/ that/ homelessness / problem / but/it/fail / grasp 1

scale/ the problem.
4. drama course / give / student / solid grounding / basic techniques / acting.
5. soil / climate / main determinants / how / land / use.
6. police / so far / unable / ascertain / cause / explosion.
7. block/pipe / prevent/water/ come through.
8. shareholder / seem/ think / that/ executive board / overstate / case / a merger / therefore
/they/not/take / seriously.
198
9. her / determine / teamwork skill / leader / capabilities / convince / recruiter / that/she/
perfect / job.
10. drive / ambition/be/what / most / great leader/have/common.
acknowledge (v) exert (v)
ambition (n) filament (n)
ascertain (v) have a/an (adj) part to play (collocation)
attainment (n) over-reliance (n)
be acknowledge by (collocation) overstate (v)
all mankind (n) prevent sb from doing sth
determinant (n) short-term
determined (adj) long-term
determination (n) solid (adj)
disabled (adj) tirelessly (adv)
Whether or notsomeone achieve their aims is mostly by a question ofluck. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The debate whether luck the primary 1 of success in achieving targets

has been heated constantly. My position is that hard work and 2 are far
more important than luck, while luck must not be considered as the main precursor of the
3
of one's goals.
I advocate the notion that the role of being industrious and 4 is more
significant than luck. Thomas Edison, one ofthe greatest inventors in the 20th century, is an excellent
example of such a notion. He conducted numerous experiments with the 5
until the finest light bulb was produced; and his hard work, rather than luck, 6_
Another clear evidence of this notion is the case of Nguyen Ngoc Ky. This 7_ man
could not write by hand, but he was determined enough to teach himself to write by foot. The fact
that he would then become arguably one of the greatest teachers in the history of education in
Vietnam provides a 8. argument that even with bad luck, determination could
result in goal achievement.
199
By contrast, the belief that fortune 9 in success is just a fallacy. One clear
reason is that although there may have been a number of people reaching their goals with good
luck, such good luck in most cases only comes to people who have worked hard. Take Mendeleev
as an example. As a research chemist, he worked 10 for a few decades, until
one day in his dream, the complete arrangement of the elements appeared. The appearance
of this arrangement could be ascribed to luck, but no one could deny the extreme effort that
Mendeleev had 11
.Another clear reason for my belief is that luck could only
lead people to 12 achievements, and there is nothing to 13_
that it would continue to exist in the long run. The 14 on good fortune, as a
result, would 15 their 16 or 17
In brief, I think the importance of luck in determining goal achievement is 18_

while there are much more significant factors to consider, namely hard work and determination.
200
Key:
Task 1
1. Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without
being paid.
2. The police have been tirelessly searching for the killer, but they have not found anything.
3. The government has acknowledged that homelessness is a problem, but it has failed to
grasp the scale of the problem.
4. The drama course gives students a solid grounding in the basic techniques of acting.
5. Soil and climate are the main determinants of how land is used.
6. The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion.
7. A block in the pipe was preventing the water from coming through.
8. The shareholders seem to think that the executive board is overstating the case for a
merger; therefore, they do not take it seriously.
9. Her determination, teamwork skills and leadership capabilities convinced us that she was
perfect for the job.
10. Driving ambition is what most great leaders have in common.
Task 2
The debate whether luck is the primary (1) determinant of success in achieving targets has been
heated constantly. My position is that hard work and (2) determination are far more important
than luck, while luck must not be considered as the main precursor of the (3) attainment of one's
goals.
I advocate the notion that the role of being industrious and (4) determined is more
significant than luck. Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in the 20th century, is
an excellent example of such a notion. He conducted numerous experiments with the (5)
filament until the finest light bulb was produced; and his hard work, rather than luck, (6) was
acknowledged by all mankind. Another clear evidence of this notion is the case of Nguyen
Ngoc Ky. This (7) disabled man could not write by hand, but he was determined enough to
teach himself to write by foot. The fact that he would then become arguably one of the greatest
teachers in the history of education in Vietnam provides a (8) solid argument that even with bad
luck, determination could result in goal achievement.
By contrast, the belief that fortune (9) has a major part to play in success is just a fallacy.
One clear reason is that although there may have been a number of people reaching their
goals with good luck, such good luck in most cases only comes to people who have worked
201
hard. Take Mendeleev as an example. As a research chemist, he worked (10) tirelessly for a few
decades, until one day in his dream, the complete arrangement of the elements appeared. The
appearance of this arrangement could be ascribed to luck, but no one could deny the extreme
effort that Mendeleev had (11) exerted. Another clear reason for my belief is that luck could
only lead people to (12) short-term achievements, and there is nothing to (13) ascertain that
it would continue to exist in the long run. The (14) over-reliance on good fortune, as a result,
would (15) prevent people from achieving their (16) long-term or (17) life-long ambitions.
In brief, I think the importance of luck in determining goal achievement is (18) overstated,
while there are much more significant factors to consider, namely hard work and determination.
202
VOCABULARY SET 33: ZOOS
Vocabulary:
1. (an) infringement(s) (n): xâm phạm, vi phạm
a resourceful learning environment (np):

2. bổ môi trường học tập ích
3. be incapable of (collocation): không có khả năng làm gì
4. breed one's offspring (collocation): sinh sản
5. bully (v): đánh đập (bắt nạt)
6. captive (adj): bị nhốt, giam cầm
7. deforestation (n): phá rừng
8. during the course of (collocation): trong quá trình
9. evolve (v): tiến triển, phát triển
10. exploit (v): bóc lột, lợi dụng, khai thác
11. faunae (n): hệ động vật
12. habitat (n): môi trường sống
13. invaluable (adj): vô giả (note: hay nhầm với “valueless”)
14. mistreat (v): ngược đãi
15, on a daily basis (collocation): hằng ngày
16. physical contact (np): động chạm, tiếp xúc
17. pointless (adj) / valueless (adj): vô nghĩa
18. thrive (v): phát triển mạnh
203
Exercises:
1. Tình trạng bị nuôi nhốt trong lồng có thể làm giảm khả năng sinh sản của động vật.
2. Nạn phá rừng gây ảnh hưởng đến môi trường sống của một số loài động vật, gây nguy
hiểm cho hệ động vật ở khu vực đó.
3. Các nhà động vật học lo ngại rằng động vật bị ngược đãi và bóc lột tại sở thú hoặc các
gánh xiếc.
4. Thả động vật nuôi nhốt về môi trường sống tự nhiên sẽ là vô nghĩa nếu như chính phủ
không có khả năng kiểm soát nạn săn bắn bất hợp pháp.
5. Mạng Internet có thể trở thành một môi trường học tập bổ ích nếu được sử dụng hợp lý.
1. Dogs and cats / have / preference / petting / involve / physical contact.
2. During the course of /life/we/ all have / sorts / relationships. Some / evolve. Some / not.
3. Have / someone / by one's side / ups and downs / be / invaluable.
204
4. It / believe / animals / only / thrive / when/live/ natural habitats.
5. Example / infringement / animal rights /be/force/them/ perform / on a daily basis / at

tract visitors.
(an) infringement(s) (n) exploit (v)
a resourceful learning environment (np) faunae (n)
be incapable of (collocation) habitat (n)
breed one's offspring (collocation) invaluable (adj)
bully (v) mistreat (v)
captive (adj) on a daily basis (collocation)
deforestation (n) physical contact (np)
during the course of (collocation) pointless / valueless (adj)
thrive (v)
evolve (v)
Some people say thatzoos have no useful purpose. Others believe that zoos are beneficial in many ways.
Discuss and give youropinion.
A diversity of animal species from leopards and eagles to lizards have been captured and kept
in zoos across the globe for centuries. While this practice is considered 1 to some,
I believe there are real advantages to it.
Zoos, according to some, are 2 .There is a common belief that the act of caging
an animal is already an 3. of animal rights. The matter can be even worse when
5 and 6
some caged animals are 4 when they are
forced to perform in shows aimed at attracting visitors. Zoologists may also argue that these
creatures may lose their natural instincts 7. being 8 ; therefore, they
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3
PARAS CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+

can 9
returning to the wild in the future. For example, a tiger may lose its hunting
nature when it is fed on 10
However, believe zoological gardens are 11. not only for humans but also
I
for the animals themselves. First, for young children and biology students, these venues
can provide 12_
where both an understandings of and love for nature may
easily 13. as 14 with animals is possible. As a result, even the
15
from the furthest 16_ such as penguins from the South Pole
can be learnt about and appreciated. Second, zoos have long offered home to thousands of
endangered species, where they could 17. and 18 This has proved
crucial as over-hunting, 19 and climate change have threatened to destroy the
natural habitats of some wild animals.
To conclude, firmly believe that the advantages of zoos outweigh the disadvantages. All the
I
aforementioned disadvantages can be lessened if more is invested in zoos create a better living
space for the animal.
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Key
Task 1: (Answers may vary)
1. Being captive in cages can/may decrease animals' abilities to breed their offspring.
2. Deforestation damages animals'habitats, endangering the faunae in those areas.
3. Zoologists are concerned about animals being mistreated and exploited in the zoos
or circuses.
4. Freeing captive animals to their natural habitats will be pointless if the Government is
incapable of controlling illegal hunting.
5. Internet can be a resourceful learning environment if it is exploited properly.
Task 2:
1. Dogs and cats have a preference for petting which involves physical contact.
2. During the course of our lives, we will all have some sorts of relationships. Some will
evolve. Some will not.
3. Having someone by your side through ups and downs is invaluable.
4. It is believed that animals (can) only thrive when living in their natural habitats.
5. An example of infringements of animal rights is forcing them to perform on a daily basis

to attract visitors.
Task 3
A diversity of animal species from leopards and eagles to lizards have been captured and kept
in zoos across the globe for centuries. While this practice is considered (1) pointless to some,
I believe there are real advantages to it.
Zoos, according to some, are (2) valueless. There is a common belief that the act of caging
an animal is already an (3) infringement of animal rights. The matter can be even worse when
some caged animals are (4) bullied, (5) mistreated and (6) exploited when they are forced to
perform in shows aimed at attracting visitors. Zoologists may also argue that these creatures
may lose their natural instincts (7) during the course of being (8) captive; therefore, they can
(9) be incapable of returning to the wild in the future. For example, a tiger may lose its hunting
nature when it is fed on (10) a daily basis.
However, believe zoological gardens are (11) invaluable not only for humans but also
I
for the animals themselves. First, for young children and biology students, these venues can
provide (12) a resourceful learning environment, where both an understandings of and love
for nature may easily (13) evolve as (14) physical contact with animals is possible. As a result,
207
even the (15) faunae from the furthest (16) habitats such as penguins from the South Pole
can be learnt about and appreciated. Second, zoos have long offered home to thousands of
endangered species, where they could (17) thrive and (18) breed their offspring. This has
proved crucial as over-hunting, (19) deforestation and climate change have threatened to
destroy the natural habitats of some wild animals.
To conclude, I firmly believe that the advantages of zoos outweigh the disadvantages. All the
aforementioned disadvantages can be lessened if more is invested in zoos create a better living
space for the animal.
208
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 9: TRANSPORT
VOCABULARY SET 34: BICYCLES
Vocabulary:
1. adopt (v): áp dụng
2. allocate (v): phân bố, chỉ định
3. commute (v): di chuyển, đi lại đều đặn (ví dụ: việc đi làm hằng ngày)
4. convince (v): thuyết phục - convincing (adj): có sức thuyết phục
5. dedicated (adj): dành riêng cho, tận tụy
6. hesitate (v): do dự, ngần ngại
7. impose a (heavy) tax on (collocation): đánh thuế (nặng) vào mặt hàng gì
8. overreliance (n): quá phụ thuộc
9. overdependence (n): quá dựa dẫm, quá phụ thuộc
10. prevalent (adj): phổ biến
11. prominent (adj): nổi bật
12. promote (v): khuyến khích, đẩy mạnh, xúc tiến
13. shortage (n): thiếu hụt
209
1 • 8 ) CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
Exercises:
1. government / programme / grow / cash crops/export/be/double-edged sword / since

/it/create/ local food shortage.
2. he/ move / house / three time/just/find/convenient location / commute / work.
3. agriculture/company/fail / convince/consumers/ that/ GM (genetically modified)

foods / safe.
4. recruiter / surprised /see/him/hesitate / accept/job offer.
5. overdependence / use / pain killers / lead / drug addict.
1. Nhờ sự phát triển của các hãng hàng không giá rẻ, việc đi du lịch nước ngoài trở nên phổ
biến hơn, đặc biệt với các bạn trẻ.
2. Thuốc lá bị đánh thuế rất nặng, tuy nhiên, điều này có vẻ không hiệu quả trong việc giảm
thiểu số người hút thuốc.
210
3. Chính phủ nên đóng vai trò nổi bật hơn trong việc khuyến khích và bảo vệ nhân quyền.
4. Vé cho buổi hòa nhạc sẽ hạn chế số lượng và chỉ được phát cho những ai đăng kí sớm.
5. Vì nghiên cứu của chúng tôi tới thời điểm hiện tại chưa trả lời được câu hỏi nào cho vấn đề
nghiên cứu đề ra trước đó, chúng tôi cần áp dụng một cách tiếp cận khác.
adopt (v) impose a (heavy) tax on (collocation)
allocate (v) overreliance (n) - overdependence (n)
commute (v) prevalent (adj)
convince (v) - convincing (adj) prominent (adj)
dedicated (adj) promote (v)
hesitate (v) shortage (n)
Nowadays people use bicycles less as a form of transport. Why is that? What can we do to encourage people to use
bicycles more?
Cycling has long been considered an effective way of improving physical health and reducing
the risk of obesity. However, in recent decades, there has been a 1 trend
for people to use bicycles less to 2 This trend could be ascribed to a few
reasons, and definite actions must be taken to 3 the use of bicycles.
There are obvious reasons as to why people 4 to choose bicycles as a form

reason is the 6
oftransport. The most 5 on modern means
of transport, such as cars and motorbikes. These modes of transport are faster and more suitable
for long journeys than bicycles. Another 7_ reason is that in many places in
the world, including Vietnam, there are no 8 cycling paths for bicycles. This
means that cyclists in these regions would have to ride in the same lane as motor vehicles, which
is without doubt a dangerous practice.
211
To boost the use of bicycles, the government should 9 both of the
following measures. First, the government should 10 motor vehicles. This
tax would discourage people from using motor vehicles, and thus encourage them to switch to
bicycles, a human-powered land vehicle. Second, the government should 11
more money to the construction of cycling paths for citizens. If a system of cycling paths was
well-developed, people would consider bicycles a safe and convenient mode of transport.
In conclusion, the unpopularity of bicycles could be attributed to the 12_

on modern means of transport and the 13_ of dedicated cycling paths. To en
courage people to cycle more, the government should therefore introduce a tax on motor vehi
cles and invest money in building dedicated paths for cyclists.
212
Key:
Task 1:
1. The government's programme to grow cash crops for export is a double-edged sword
because it has created a local food shortage.
2. He has moved his house three times just to find a convenient location to commute to work.
3. Agricultural companies have failed to convince consumers that GM foods are safe.
4. The recruiters were surprised to see him hesitating to accept the job offer.
5. Overdependence on using pain killers can lead to drug addiction.
1. Thanks to the development of low-cost airlines, travelling abroad has now become more
prevalent, especially among young people.
2. Very high taxes have been imposed on cigarettes; however, this does not seem to be
effective in reducing the number of smokers.
3. The government should be playing a more prominent role in promoting and protecting
human rights.
4. Tickets to concerts are limited, and will only be allocated to those who apply early.
5. Since our research so far has not produced any answers to the research questions previously
discussed, we need to adopt a different approach.
Task 3
Cycling has long been considered an effective way of improving physical health and reducing
the risk of obesity. However, in recent decades, there has been a (1) prevalent trend for people
to use bicycles less to (2) commute. This trend could be ascribed to a few reasons, and definite
actions must be taken to (3) promote the use of bicycles.
There are obvious reasons as to why people (4) hesitate to choose bicycles as a form of
transport. The most (5) prominent reason is the (6) overreliance on modern means of transport,
such as cars and motorbikes. These modes of transport are faster and more suitable for long
journeys than bicycles. Another (7) convincing reason is that in many places in the world,
including Vietnam, there are no (8) dedicated cycling paths for bicycles. This means that cyclists
in these regions would have to ride in the same lane as motor vehicles, which is without doubt a
dangerous practice.
To boost the use of bicycles, the government should (9) adopt both of the following
measures. First, the government should (10) impose a heavy tax on motor vehicles. This tax
213
would discourage people from using motor vehicles, and thus encourage them to switch to
bicycles, a human-powered land vehicle. Second, the government should (11) allocate more
money to the construction of cycling paths for citizens. If a system of cycling paths was well
developed, people would consider bicycles a safe and convenient mode of transport.
In conclusion, the unpopularity of bicycles could be attributed to the (12) overdependence

on modern means of transport and the (13) shortage of dedicated cycling paths. To encourage
people to cycle more, the government should therefore introduce a tax on motor vehicles and
invest money in building dedicated paths for cyclists.
214
VOCABULARY SET 35: PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Vocabulary:
1. albeit (conjunction): mặc dù
2. dedicated line (np): đường đi riêng
3. effective - ineffective (adj): hiệu quả - không hiệu quả
4. governmental spending (np): chi tiêu chính phủ
5. implement (v): thi hành, thực hiện
6. individual vehicle (np): phương tiện cá nhân
7. interrupt (v): làm gián đoạn
8. intersection (n): ngã tư, điểm giao nhau
9. means of transport (np): phương tiện đi lại
10. measure (n): biện pháp, tiêu chuẩn đánh giá

11. meet the demand (collocation): đáp ứng nhu cầu
12. mitigate (v): làm giảm bớt

13. persist (v): tiếp tục, dai dẳng
14. punctuality (n): đúng giờ
15. sustainable - unsustainable (adj) - sustainably (adv): bền vững - không bền vững
- một cách bền vững
16. tackle (v): giải quyết
17. traffic congestion (collocation): nạn ách tắc giao thông

18. traffic intensity (np): mật độ giao thông
215
Exercises:
Task1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. intersection/line/ the graph / mark/ point/where / we/ start / make / profit.
2. measure / design / improve / car safety.
3. senator / thoroughly / squelch/journalist/ who / try / interrupt/ him / his speech.
(squelch: chấm dứt, làm (ai đó) im lặng)
4. cold weather / be likely / persist/thr out / week.
5. It/ unclear / how / mitigate / effects/tourism / this island.
1. Anh ấy cố gắng, dù không thành công.
2. Số lượng album bán ra không phải lúc nào cũng là tiêu chuẩn đánh giá sự thành công của
một ca sỹ.
3. Khác với tàu hỏa, tàu điện không có đường riêng mà chung đường với các phương tiện đi
lại khác như ô tô, xe máy, xe đạp.
216
4. Sự gia tăng các phương tiện cá nhân càng làm nạn ách tắc giao thông trầm trọng thêm.
5. Để đáp ứng nhu cầu đi lại của người dân và giải quyết nạn ách tắc giao thông, chi tiêu của
chính phủ cần được đầu tư vào việc nâng cấp hệ thống giao thông công cộng.
albeit (conjunction) measure (n)
dedicated line (np) meet the demand (collocation)
mitigate (v)
effective ineffective
persist (v)
governmental spending
punctuality (n)
implement (v)
sustainable - unsustainable (adj) - sustainably (adv)

individual vehicle
tackle (v)
interrupt (v)
traffic congestion (collocation)
intersection (n)
traffic intensity (np)
means of transport (np)
Some people believe the government should spend money on building train and subway lines to reduce traffic
congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce trafficcongestion. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
The methods of 1 traffic congestion have become a heated topic of controversy.

Some people argue that the construction of larger roads is the answer to the problem. However,
I contend that such a solution is 2 in the long term, while the option to construct
railways and subways is a far better 3
There is a common fallacy that 4 on building larger roads could 5

address the problem of traffic congestion. An increase in road size could reduce the
6 in the short term, but larger roads also mean that citizens are encouraged to
purchase more 7 This leads to the fact that the roads, 8 larger,
217
would soon be filled with intense traffic again. For instance, traffic jams returned to Shanghai's
main streets not long after they were expanded in the early 1990s. In brief, if this solution were
9
traffic jams would still 10_ in the long run.
Rail and subway systems, however, could ensure that 11. is 12
Unlike cars and buses, trains are capable of transporting hundreds of people simultaneously
and thus would 13
of a vast number of passengers. Moreover, trains do not have
to go through 14 or traffic lights, and 15_ ensure their travel is hardly
16
In other words, trains are always on time regardless of the level of traffic. This
.
standard of 17
would encourage many people to choose railways and subways
as their primary 18_ and the number of individual vehicles would decrease
accordingly. As a result, traffic congestion could be 19_
In conclusion, building more and larger roads is an 20 measure, while train

and subway lines would be a much more effective solution for the problem of traffic congestion.
CAN
218
Key:
Task 1:
1. The intersection of the lines on the graph marks the point where we start to make a profit.
2. These measures were/have been/are designed to improve car safety.
3. The senator thoroughly squelched the journalist who tried to interrupt him during his
speech.
4. The cold weather is likely to persist throughout the week.
5. It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island.
1. He tried, albeit without success.
2. Record sales are not always a measure of a singer's success.
3. Unlike trains, trams do not have their own dedicated lines, but sharing the road with
other means of transport such as cars, motorbikes or bikes.
4. The increase of individual vehicles has exacerbated traffic congestion.
5. In order to meet the transport demand of citizens and tackle traffic congestion,
governmental spending needs to be invested in upgrading the public transport system.
Task 3:
The methods of (1) mitigating traffic congestion have become a heated topic of controversy.
Some people argue that the construction of larger roads is the answer to the problem. However,
I contend that such a solution is (2) ineffective in the long term, while the option to construct
railways and subways is a far better (3) measure.
There is a common fallacy that (4) governmental spending on building larger roads could (5)
sustainably address the problem of traffic congestion. An increase in road size could reduce the
(6) traffic intensity in the short term, but larger roads also mean that citizens are encouraged
to purchase more (7) individual vehicles. This leads to the fact that the roads, (8) albeit larger,
would soon be filled with intense traffic again. For instance, traffic jams returned to Shanghai's
main streets not long after they were expanded in the early 1990s. In brief, if this solution were
(9) implemented, traffic jams would still (10) persist in the long run.
Rail and subway systems, however, could ensure that (11) traffic congestion is (12)
properly addressed. Unlike cars and buses, trains are capable of transporting hundreds of
people simultaneously and thus would (13) meet the transport demands of a vast number
of passengers. Moreover, trains do not have to go through (14) intersections or traffic lights,
219
and (15) dedicated lines ensure their travel is hardly (16) interrupted. In other words, trains
are always on time regardless of the level of traffic. This standard of (17) punctuality would
encourage many people to choose railways and subways as their primary (18) means of trans
port, and the number of individual vehicles would decrease accordingly. As a result, traffic
congestion could be (19) tackled successfully.
In conclusion, building more and larger roads is an (20) unsustainable measure, while train
and subway lines would be a much more effective solution for the problem of traffic congestion.
220
NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 10: TECHNOLOGY.
VOCABULARY SET 36: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (P.1)
Vocabulary:
1. be attached to (collocation): gắn liền, gắn bó, theo sát, yêu thích
2. breakdown (n): thất bại, hỏng hóc, suy sụp

3. built-in (adj): có sẵn (trong điện thoại, laptop...)
4. compelling (adj): thuyết phục
5. constant (adj): không thay đổi, bất biến, liên tục
6. disrupt (v): làm gián đoạn, phá vỡ
7. distract (v) – distraction (n): (làm cho) xao nhãng
8. drift apart (vp): chia rẽ, chia cắt

9. dull (v/adj): (làm cái gì đó trở nên) buồn tẻ, chậm chạp, đần độn, chậm hiểu
10. indispensable (adj): không thể thiếu

11. instant (adj): ngay tức khắc
12. interactive (adj): tương tác
13. interfere (v): quấy rầy, can thiệp
14. interrupt (v): ngắt lời, làm đứt quãng

15. intimate (v) – intimacy (n): gần gũi, riêng tư
16. isolate (v): cách ly, cô lập
17. multifunctional (adj): đa chức năng
18. omnipresence (n) – omnipresent (adj): nhan nhản, có mặt ở khắp nơi
19. pay attention to (collocation): chú ý, để ý
20. provide sb with sth: cung cấp cho ai cái gì
21. sabotage (v/n): phá hủy
22. telecommunication (n): viễn thông
23. uninterrupted (adj): liên tục, không đứt quãng
221
Exercise:
1. museum / interactive / computer network / that/ explain /basic/science/theme
2. high /wall/isolate/house/rest/ the village
3. over / years / schoolfriend / and/1/drift apart
4. though/he/have/no/intent/ sabotage /event/his/ unexpect/ arrive / make / things

/ fall apart.
5. jury / seem / move/by/lawyer / compelling argument.
1. Cuộc họp mặt bị gián đoạn bởi một nhóm người biểu tình la ó và ném trái cây vào diễn giả. w
2. Khi bắt gặp một phong cách hoặc một xu hướng nào đó ở mọi nơi bạn đến, đó là một vi
Wincheste
dụ điển hình cho thứ bạn miêu tả với từ“nhan nhản”
3. Vợ chồng tôi đã yêu cầu một phòng riêng ở nhà hàng để chúng tôi có thể tận hưởng một
bữa tối riêng tư.
222
4. Phóng viên trở nên bực bội bởi những câu trả lời chệch hướng liên tục của cô ấy.
5. Những kẻ ăn cắp vặt thường hoạt động theo cặp, một người tạo ra tình huống làm xao
những những người bán hàng, còn kẻ kia lấy trộm đồ.
be attached to (collocation) interfere (v)
breakdown (n) interrupt (v)
built-in (adj) intimate (v)
compelling (adj) isolate (v)
constant (adj) multifunctional (adj)
disrupt (v) omnipresence (n) - omnipresent (adj)
distract (v) - distraction (n) pay attention to (collocation)
drift apart (vp) provide sb with sth (collocation)
sabotage (v/n)
dull (v/adj)
indispensable (adj) telecommunication (n)
instant (adj) uninterrupted (adj)
interactive (adj)
Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative effects on social relationships.
Do you agree or disagree?
The impacts of digital communication on human relationships have long been a topic of
controversy. From my perspective, modern means of communication may 1. one's
relationships with other people.
The most typical example of today's communication technology is the mobile phone.
access to 3 it has become 4,
Originally designed to 2_
223
’ CHỦ ĐIỂM TỪ VỰNG THIẾT YẾU CHO IELTS 7.0+
for most people in modern society. Nowadays, various features such as 5 cameras
and 6 games have been added to the mobile phone, making it 7.

and thus even more popular. However, I believe the 8_ of mobile phones in
particular, or digital communication tools in general, often 9 with the bonding

time that people share and thus has a negative influence on interpersonal relationships. There is
10
evidence for my belief.
If people use mobile phones for work purposes, business calls may 11. any
real-life conversations they have. This is the case for millions of working people who may have
overlooked the importance of having smooth and 12_ conversations with other
people. It is possible that they are unaware that relationships are at risk of eroding when people
spend less quality time with each other.
In addition, if people use mobile phones to play games, the 13 to complete
game missions may disengage them from social gatherings. For example, many teenagers sacri
fice real-life socialising time for mobile game playing time. In the long term, this would be likely
to cause friends 14
Some people use mobile phones mainly for virtual social networks, and notifications and
messages from these sites may prevent them from having 15_ conversations with
their loved ones. There are many real examples of couples on the verge of breaking up because
one or both partners have grown overly 16_ to social network applications on mo
bile phones, and they find it hard to maintain a sense of intimacy.
I believe that any of these issues could have a significant impact on a person's social relation
ships. However, most people use mobile phones for all of the aforementioned purposes, and
consequently they need to 17_ to their phone, potentially 18_ those
in their company. In this way, mobile phones may 19 real-life interactions and
affect relationships as a result.
In brief, the constant 20 of modern communication devices such as mobile
phones may cause the 21 of numerous social relationships.
224
Key:
Task 1:
1. The museum has an interactive computer network that explains basic scientific themes.
2. A high wall isolated the house from the rest of the village.
3. Over the years, my schoolfriends and I have drifted apart.
4. Though he had no intention to sabotage the event, his unexpected arrival made things
fall apart.
5. The jury seemed moved by the lawyer's compelling argument.
1. The meeting was disrupted by a group of protesters who shouted and threw fruit at
the speaker.
2. When you encounter a particular style or trend everywhere you go, this is a typical
example of something you would describe as omnipresent.
3. My husband and requested a secluded room in the restaurant, so we could enjoy an

I
inti mate dinner.
4. The journalists were frustrated by her constant deflection of their questions.
5. Shoplifters often work in pairs, with one creating a diversion to distract the shop assistants
while the other steals the goods.
Task 3
The impacts of digital communication on human relationships have long been a topic of
controversy. From my perspective, modern means of communication may (1) sabotage one's
relationships with other people.
The most typical example of today's communication technology is the mobile phone.
Originally designed to (2) provide people with instant access to (3) telecommunication, it has
become (4) indispensable for most people in modern society. Nowadays, various features such
as (5) built-in cameras and (6) interactive games have been added to the mobile phone, making
it (7) multifunctional and thus even more popular. However, I believe the (8) omnipresence
of mobile phones in particular, or digital communication tools in general, often (9) interferes
with the bonding time that people share and thus has a negative influence on interpersonal
relationships. There is (10) compelling evidence for my belief.
If people use mobile phones for work purposes, business calls may (11) disrupt any real-life
conversations they have. This is the case for millions of working people who may have overlooked
225
the importance of having smooth and (12) uninterrupted conversations with other people. It is
possible that they are unaware that relationships are at risk of eroding when people spend less
quality time with each other.
In addition, if people use mobile phones to play games, the (13) constant urge to complete
game missions may disengage them from social gatherings. For example, many teenagers sacri
fice real-life socialising time for mobile game playing time. In the long term, this would be likely
to cause friends (14) to drift apart.
Some people use mobile phones mainly for virtual social networks, and notifications and
messages from these sites may prevent them from having (15) intimate conversations with their
loved ones. There are many real examples of couples on the verge of breaking up because one
or both partners have grown overly (16) attached to social network applications on mobile
phones, and they find it hard to maintain a sense of intimacy.
believe that any of these issues could have a significant impact on a person's social relation
I
ships. However, most people use mobile phones for all of the aforementioned purposes, and
consequently they need to (17) pay constant attention to their phone, potentially (18) isolat
ing those in their company. In this way, mobile phones may (19) dull real-life interactions and
affect relationships as a result.
In brief, the constant (20) distraction of modern communication devices such as mobile
phones may cause the (21) breakdown of numerous social relationships.

226
VOCABULARY SET 37: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (P.2)
Vocabulary:
1. adverse (adj): bất lợi
2. degradation (n): sự xuống cấp
3. digital platform (np): nền tảng công nghệ số
4. erode (v) - erosion (n): hao mòn, xói mòn, xuống cấp
5.
formal language - informal language (np):ngôn ngữ trang trọng – ngôn ng
không trang trọng
6. lexical range: độ rộng của từ vựng
7. priority (n): ưu tiên
8. proclivity (n): khuynh hướng
9. proofread (v): đọc và chỉnh sửa văn bản
10. sophistication (n): phức tạp, tinh vi
11. spoken expressions (np): cách diễn đạt kiểu văn nói
12. technological assistance: sự hỗ trợ của công nghệ
13. utmost (adj/n): tối đa, trước nhất, trên hết
14. virtual (adj): (thế giới) ảo, sử dụng công nghệ vi tính
227
Exercises:
1. survey / reveal / gradual / erosion / president / popularity /support.
2. players / this year / U.S. Open / make / daring fashion choice / scream / everything/shim
mering sophistication / to / retro dorky.
3. English teachers / bemoan / degradation / language / that/ email / instant messages/

bring about. (bemoan: than khóc).
4. bank / normally / give / priority / large business / when / decide / loans.
5. he/attract/ a lot / adverse / publicity / his speech / unmarry / mothers.
6. duty / content writer / involve / write original content/ publishers/ and / proofread
content/ variety / websites.
7. website/provide /virtual/tour / stadium.
8. digital platform/refer/software/or/hardware / a site;/ for example, /facebook/be/

digital platform.
228
9. formal language / find / academic journals/ or / official documents/where /it/bring /
extra degree /serious / the subject.
10. new model / the car / offer / utmost / power / and performance.
adverse (adj) proclivity (n)
degradation (n) proofread (v)
digital platform (np) sophistication
erode (v) erosion (n) spoken expressions (np)
formal language - informal language (np) technological assistance
lexical range utmost (adj/n)
priority (n) virtual (adj)
Some people think thatincreasing communication usage of computers and mobilephones by young people has had
a negative effect on their reading and writingskills.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Digital communication methods such as emails, text-messaging and 1 social
networks have been helping billions of people write and read messages on a daily basis. At first
glance, this appears to support reading and writing skills. However, I believe that these means of
communication have a negative impact on one's overall ability to read and write.
The primary reason for my opinion is the 2 to use informal language in

communication via mobiles and computers. Whereas serious reading and writing involve the
exposure to 3 most of the messages exchanged using mobiles and computers are
rather short and contain 4. This is because on a 5 time saving and
convenience, rather than the 6 of language, are the 7 of people.
In brief, the more frequently people use a form of mobile and computer-based communication,
the more likely informal expressions would dominate their use of language.
229
Another root cause of the exacerbation of reading and writing problems is the over-depen
dence on 8
This is the case because users of mobiles and computers are usually
aided by spell-check and predictive text services. Some computer programmes can also find the
best word choice to avoid Vocabulary mistakes. As these processes are continually repeated, us
ers' sense of spelling and grammar and 9 may gradually 10 Even
tually, this 11 leads to the 12 of both the writing and reading skills.
In conclusion, due to the tendency towards using spoken language and the over-reliance on
proofreading software when communicating via computers and mobiles, I am convinced that
digital communication has an 13 impact on one's overall reading and writing level.
230
Key:
Task 1
1. The survey reveals a gradual erosion of the president's popularity and support.
2. Some players at this year's U.S. Open are making daring fashion choices that scream every
thing from shimmering sophistication to retro dorky.
3. English teachers bemoan the degradation of the language that e-mail and instant
messages have brought about.
4. Banks normally give priority to large businesses when deciding on loans.
5. He attracted a lot of adverse publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers.
6. The duties of a content writer involve writing original content for publishers and
proofreading content for a variety of websites.
7. The Website provides a virtual tour of the stadium.
8. A digital platform refers to the software or hardware of a site; for example, facebook is a
digital platform.
9. Formal language is found in academic journals or official documents where it brings an
extra degree of seriousness to the subject.
10. The new model of the car offers the utmost in power and performance.
Task 2
Digital communication methods such as emails, text-messaging and (1) virtual social
networks have been helping billions of people write and read messages on a daily basis. At first
glance, this appears to support reading and writing skills. However, I believe that these means of
communication have a negative impact on one's overall ability to read and write.
The primary reason for my opinion is the (2) proclivity to use informal language in
communication via mobiles and computers. Whereas serious reading and writing involve
the exposure to (3) formal language, most of the messages exchanged using mobiles and
computers are rather short and contain (4) spoken expressions. This is because on a (5) digital
platform, time saving and convenience, rather than the (6) sophistication of language, are the
(7) utmost priority of people. In brief, the more frequently people use a form of mobile and
computer-based communication, the more likely informal expressions would dominate their
use of language.
Another root cause ofthe exacerbation of reading and writing problems is the over-dependence
on (8) technological assistance. This is the case ecause users of mobiles and computers are
usually aided by spell-check and predictive text services. Some computer programmes can
231
also find the best word choice to avoid Vocabulary mistakes. As these processes are continually
repeated, users' sense of spelling and grammar and (9) lexical range may gradually (10) erode.
Eventually, this (11) erosion leads to the (12) degradation of both the writing and reading skills.
In conclusion, due to the tendency towards using spoken language and the over-reliance on
proofreading software when communicating via computers and mobiles, I am convinced that
digital communication has an (13) adverse impact on one's overall reading and writing level.
232
VOCABULARY SET 38: INVENTIONS
Vocabulary:
1. ancient era (np): thời cổ đại
2. cornerstone (n): viên đá đặt nền, nền tảng
3. counterpart (n): người / bộ phận / tổ chức tương ứng
4. disseminate (v) – dissemination (n): gieo rắc, phổ biến, phát tán
5. diversity (n) – diverse (adj): đa dạng
6. enable somebody to do something (collocation): cho phép/tạo điều kiện cho ai làm gì
7. era (n): thời đại, thời kì, kỷ nguyên
8. facilitate (v): làm cho dễ dàng, làm cho thuận tiện
9. get in touch with (collocation): liên lạc, liên hệ
10. hydropower (n): thủy điện
11. industrial era (np): thời đại công nghiệp
12. Iay a foundation for (collocation): đặt nền móng cho vấn đề gì đó
13. locomotive (n): đầu máy xe lửa
14. solar-powered (adj) - animal-powered (adj) - human-powered (adj): sử dụng năng

lượng mặt trời – sử dụng sức động vật – sử dụng sức người
233
Exercises:
1. translator/ facilitate / conversation / immigrant / attorney.
2. they/work/peace / during / long / era / conflict.
3. he/still continue / fruitless / effort / get in touch / her
4. one /organisation / aims / disseminate / information / disease.
5. good/ attitude / foundation /life/ success.
1. Bởi vì niềm tin là nền tảng cho hôn nhân hạnh phúc, các cặp vợ chồng cần tin tưởng lẫn nhau.
2. Sau cuộc bầu cử tổng thống, không mất quá nhiều thời gian để truyền thông phổ biến
kết quả đến từng phòng khách trên toàn thế giới.
3. Tại Mỹ, trung bình một người dân sử dụng lượng nước gấp bốn lần so với một người tương
ứng tại Ấn Độ.
234
4. Mang đầy tính đa dạng, khu phố của tôi dung chứa những con người từ nhiều sắc tộc
khác nhau.
5. Bởi các trang mạng xã hội cho phép cá nhân chia sẻ tin tức nhanh chóng, nhu cầu dành
cho báo giấy trở nên thấp hơn.
ancient era (np) facilitate (v)
cornerstone (n) get in touch with (collocation)
counterpart (n) hydropower (n)
disseminate (v) - dissemination (n) industrial era (np)
diversity (n) - diverse (adj) lay a foundation for (collocation)
enable sb to do sth (collocation) locomotive (n)
era (n) solar-powered (adj) - animal-powered (adj)
- human-powered (adj)
There have been many inventions in human history, such as the wheel. Somepeople think the most important
thing is the internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
In the 1 the human race discovered how to create fire, invented the wheel and
2 today's printing technology. Later on, in the 3 they built more
complex machinery and started to use motorised vehicles. Although all these facilities have
proved their great significance to all mankind throughout history, some state that the single most
important invention is the Internet. From my perspective, such a statement is an exaggeration,
despite some benefits of the Internet.
In this digital era, the Internet helps store, communicate and 4 information
in a fast and convenient way. As a key method of storing data, there is an increasingly high
number of people uploading their files onto the Internet. Microsoft's OneDrive, for example,
235
is a cloud storage that provide file storage services for tens of millions of people. Furthermore,
as an important means of communication, the Internet 5_ their friends easily. This
can be clearly seen in the case of SnapChat, a messaging application with millions of users
monthly. Finally, the Internet serves as an important tool that 6 the 7
of information. An excellent example of this is Facebook, a social network that acts as a virtual
platform helping one spread their ideas whenever and wherever they want.
Although the power of the Internet cannot be overstated, I firmly believe that there are even
more valuable inventions. The first is electricity, without which almost all electronic devices cannot
function. In other words, the Internet could be of no use if there were no electricity. The second is
engines, which can be seen in a great 8_ of facilities, from the old 9 to
today's luxury 10 aeroplanes. If there were no engines, people would have to use
11 or 12 vehicles, which are often much slower than their motorised
13 .To illustrate, the top pace of an average camel is 30 miles per hour, half that
of a car on a highway. The final and most important discovery, from my point of view, is mobile
phones, which are the physical platform for various forms of digital communication. Today,
billions are using mobile phones to make calls and send text messages on a daily basis, a much
greater number than that of those using the Internet for the same purpose.
To sum up, the Internet has some enormous advantages for the human race, but there are
even more significant discoveries, including electricity, engines and mobile phones. I predict that
along with the Internet, these three inventions will still be the 14 of future humanity.
236
Key:
Task 1:
1. The translator will facilitate the conversation between the immigrant and the attorney.
2. They had worked for peace during the long era of conflict.
3. He still continues the fruitless efforts to get in touch with her.
4. One of the organization's aims is to disseminate information about the disease
5. Good attitude lays a foundation for life successes.
1. Because trust is the cornerstone of a healthy marriage, it's essential for spouses to have
faith in each other.
2. After the presidential election, it would not take long for the media to disseminate the
results to living rooms around the world.
3. In the United States, the average individual uses four times as much water as his counterpart
in India.
4. Filled with diversity, my neighbourhood contains people of many different races.
5. Because social media websites enable individuals to share news quickly, the demand for
newspapers is low.
Task 3
In the 1 ancient era, the human race discovered how to create fire, invented the wheel and
(2) laid the foundation for today's printing technology. Later on, in the (3) industrial era,
they built more complex machinery and started to use motorised vehicles. Although all these
facilities have proved their great significance to all mankind throughout history, some state that
the single most important invention is the Internet. From my perspective, such a statement is an
exaggeration, despite some benefits of the Internet.
In this digital era, the Internet helps store, communicate and (4) disseminate information
in a fast and convenient way. As a key method of storing data, there is an increasingly high
number of people uploading their files onto the Internet. Microsoft's OneDrive, for example, is a
cloud storage that provide file storage services for tens of millions of people. Furthermore, as an
important means of communication, the Internet (5) enables people to get in touch with their
friends easily. This can be clearly seen in the case of SnapChat, a messaging application with
millions of users monthly. Finally, the Internet serves as an important tool that (6) facilitates the
(7) dissemination of information. An excellent example of this is Facebook, a social network
that acts as a virtual platform helping one spread their ideas whenever and wherever they want.
237
Although the power of the Internet cannot be overstated, firmly believe that there are even
I
more valuable inventions. The first is electricity, without which almost all electronic devices
cannot function. In other words, the Internet could be of no use if there were no electricity.
The second is engines, which can be seen in a great (8) diversity of facilities, from the old (9)
hydropower locomotives to today's luxury (10) solar-powered aeroplanes. If there were no
engines, people would have to use (11) animal-powered or (12) human-powered vehicles,
which are often much slower than their motorised (13) counterparts. To illustrate, the top pace
of an average camel is 30 miles per hour, half that of car on a highway. The final and most
important discovery, from my point of view, is mobile phones, which are the physical platform
for various forms of digital communication. Today, billions are using mobile phones to make
calls and send text messages on a daily basis, a much greater number than that of those using
the Internet for the same purpose.
To sum up, the Internet has some enormous advantages for the human race, but there are even
more significant discoveries, including electricity, engines and mobile phones. I predict that along
with the Internet, these three inventions will still be the (14) cornerstones of future humanity.
238
Chủ điểm
38IELTS7.0+
Chịu trách nhiệm xuất bản

Giám đốc - Tổng biên tập
KHÚC THỊ HOA PHƯỢNG
Biên tập: Lê Thị Thu Ngọc

Bia: IPP - Ngô Xuân Khôi
Trình bày: Xuân Ngân - Thu Trang
Sửa bản in: Đỗ Quyên

39 Hàng Chuối - Hà Nội
ĐT: (024) 39717979 - 39717980 - 39710717 - 39716727 - 39712832
FAX: (024) 39712830
E-mail: nxbphunu@vnn.vn
Website: www.nxbphunu.com.vn
Chi nhánh:
16 Alexandre de Rhodes - Q. I - TP Hồ Chí Minh - ĐT: (028) 38234806
In 1.500 cuốn, khổ 20 x 29.5cm, tại Nhà in Hội Liên hiệp Phụ nữ Việt Nam,
Phú Thị, Gia Lâm, Hà Nội. Giấy xác nhận ĐKXB số: 4623-2019/CXBIPH/7-79/PN
ký ngày 13/11/2019. Giấy QĐXB số: 1174/QĐ-PNVN. ISBN: 978-604-56-7216-7
In xong và nộp lưu chiểu quý IV năm 2019.
elts
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cuốn sách do thầy Tú Phạm, người từng có“những
ngày cấp 3 bỏ bằng không học chữ tiếng Anh nào,
dành tâm huyết để viết nên cùng cô Trần Đức Phương
Anh. Bởi vậy, cuốn sách không phải một giáo trình
khô khan xa vời, chỉ dành cho“cao thủ” tiếng Anh mà
là cuốn cẩm nang thân thiện nhằm chia sẻ với các bạn
con đường học ôn IELTS hữu ích, hiệu quả.
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38 Essential Vocabulary Topics for IELTS 7.0+

- 38 academic vocabulary topics

-in-context practice exercises

38 Essential Vocabulary Topics for IELTS 7.0+

A book that helps you improve

38 academic vocabulary topics

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN PHỤ NỮ VIỆT NAM

Hà Nội, tháng 4/ 2018

tại Hà Nội và Sài Gòn.

Kết cấu cuốn sách

Individuals and Society - Transport - Technology.

- Một list từ đã được giải nghĩa;

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 1: BUSINESS..

VOCABULARY SET 2: ADVERTISING (P.2). .15

VOCABULARY SET 3: COPYRIGHTS.. .21

VOCABULARY SET 4: RELOCATING BUSINESSES.. .27

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 2: CRIME.. .33

VOCABULARY SET 5: EDUCATING PRISONERS... .33

VOCABULARY SET 6: PRISONERS GIVING TALKS. .39

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 3: CULTURE AND TOURISM.. ..45

VOCABULARY SET 7: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM... ..45

VOCABULARY SET 8: LOCAL VS WORLD HISTORY.... ..51

VOCABULARY SET 9: MUSEUMS AND HISTORICAL SITES. .57

VOCABULARY SET 10: UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE.. ..63

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 4: CHILDREN.. .69

VOCABULARY SET 11: CHILDREN WATCHING TELEVISION.. .69

VOCABULARY SET 12: DELAYED PARENTHOOD... .75

VOCABULARY SET 13: GRAND PARENTS VS CHILDCARE CENTRES. .81

VOCABULARY SET 14: INDULGING CHILDREN.. .87

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 5: EDUCATION.. .93

VOCABULARY SET 15: CRITICISING TEACHERS. .93

VOCABULARY SET 16: GAP YEAR.. .99

VOCABULARY SET 17: HOME VS DORMITORIES.. .105

VOCABULARY SET 18: MUSIC AND SPORTS.... 111

VOCABULARY SET 19: SCIENCE EDUCATION..... .117

VOCABULARY SET 20: ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGY... .123

VOCABULARY SET 21: NATURAL RESOURCES (P.1).. .129

VOCABULARY SET 22: NATURAL RESOURCES (P.2).. .135

VOCABULARY SET 23: INCREASING FUEL COST... .141

VOCABULARY SET 24: SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS.. .147

VOCABULARY SET 25: CAR-FREE DAYS.. .153

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 7: GOVERNMENTS....... .159

VOCABULARY SET 26: SUPPORTING ARTISTS. .159

VOCABULARY SET 27: HELPING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. .165

VOCABULARY SET 28: TAX ON FAST FOOD.. .173

VOCABULARY SET 29: BANNING DANGEROUS SPORTS. .179

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 8: INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY.. .185

VOCABULARY SET 30: SPORTS STARS AS ROLE MODELS. 185

VOCABULARY SET 31: DISRESPECTFUL ATTITUDE.. .191

VOCABULARY SET 32: LUCK AND SUCCESS. .197

VOCABULARY SET 33: ZOOS.. .203

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 9: TRANSPORT... ..209

VOCABULARY SET 34: BICYCLES. .209

VOCABULARY SET 35: PUBLIC TRANSPORT. ..215

NHÓM CHỦ ĐIỂM 10: TECHNOLOGY... .221

VOCABULARY SET 36: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (P.1).. .221

VOCABULARY SET 37: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (P.2).. .227

VOCABULARY SET 38: INVENTIONS... .233

2. conglomerate (n): tập đoàn

3. consume (v) – consumption (n): tiêu dùng, tiêu thụ

4. dominate (v): chi phối, khống chế

5. endorse (v): ủng hộ, tán thành

6. exaggerate (v): phóng đại