Central and State Civil Services Examinations 2.25 General Studies Question Papers CHAPTERWISE SOLVED PAPER Includes Question Papers from 1990 to Feb. 2022 alongwith UPPCS Mains GS Question Papers Back <0 tae ey CHAPTERWISE REVISION NOTES(© Publisher Edition -Sixth, Eaition Year 2022 Writer-SSGC MRP:490/- ISBN: 978-93-90927-64-7 Printedat- INDEX 8 Part S DIAN HISTORY Core Publishing Solution | Chapter Page No. | Chapter Page No. (eras 2 at ly Cts CEM | 1 nde ogee mums Sam-Samayik Faxes itn | 1. Mloaernd Eee mens ieee 3 Mnpon EonED | Roe Memento miss 188/128, Chruchlane, Shin Blasts Rigs BBS | 1. 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Desapmet ef Etin a Maden BAD.BAN | 53. Mui Boks And Thar Autos BATS 7 °. DackyestaPerinSnietnda Babette | 8 Aten Gane mene © Vicky Raj 10. Social Religions Movement BAL7.BAS7 | 55. Award BIBT Ba ‘General Studies Tadian HistoryQuestion Paper Analysis 225 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) based question papers of General Studies of Union and State Public Service ‘Commission preliminary and mains are integrated inthis release. Detaled listof225 question papers ae as follows: Exam No.of Papers | No.of Ques. TAS Pre exam 2011-2021, 00x11 1100 IAS Pre exam 1993-2010 150% 18 2700 UPPCS Pre exam 1998-2021 15025 3700 UUPPCS Pre exam 1990-1997 0x8 60, UUPPCS Mains exam 2002-2003 1502 200 LUPPCS Mains exam (including special exams) 2004-2017 15031 650 UPPSCGIC exam 2010 nd 2017 150%3 350 UUP(UDALDA) Pe exam 2001-2006 150%3 350 {UP (ROVARO) Pre exam Genera and Special exam) 2010-2018, 2021 140x8 20 {UP(UDAILDA) Mains exam (General and Special exam) 20102014, 120x5 600 UUPLower Subordinate Pre exam (General nd Special exam) 1998-2009 tox it Hoo UPLower Subordinate Pre exam (General nd Special exam) 2013-2015 150%2 300 UP Lower Suborinate Mains etam (General an Special exam) 2013, 018, 016 360 UUPRCS (Pre Exam 2014 100 UPBEO Pre Exam 2019 120 (tarakand PCS Pre exam 2002-2016 1050 {urakhand (CDAVLDA) Pre exam 2007 150 Utarakand PCS Mains exam 2002. 2006 300 {urabhand (UDAMLDA) Mans exam 207 100 Ltarakbind Lower Subordinate Pre exam 2010 iso Maliya Pradesh PCS Pre ex 1990-2006 2s Maliya Pradesh PCS Pre exam 2010 300 Madhya Pads PCS Pre exam 2012-2020, 00 Chhatisgah PCS Pre exam 205-2008 130 ‘Chhaisgath PCS Pre exam 208 & 2013-2020 900 (Chhatisgath PCS Pre exam 2011 150 Rajsthan PCS Pre ex 1992 120 Rajasthan PCS Pre exam 1993-2012 io Rajsthan PCS Pre exam 2013, 2018 & 2021 1s0x5 780 Bihar PCS Pre exam 1992-2020 10x19 2850 “Shred PCS Pre exam 2003-2011 102 200 “Shand PCS Pe exam 2013, 2016 & 2021 nos 500 tal 225 28805 ‘Afr exclusion of repeated questions from above questions of 225 papers around 28800 questions have been categorized. following: Current Affairs History of India and Indian National Movement Indian and World Geography Indian Polity and Governance Economic and Social Development General issues on Environmental Ecology General Science Slate Related Question SSRN 8A 8 5 In ths sixth edition of PREVIEW (iwokZoyksdu ) series, we are presenting Indian History in 2" section. As per the new revised format, 4925 questions have been collected from 225 question papers of Union and Slates Civil Service Examinations. After elimination of 609 repetitive questions, 4316 questions have been included in this section. Repeated ‘questions were given below the original questions sothatour aspirants can analyze the rend of repetitive questions. Tndlan History ‘General Studies BaI. Ancient History of India Stone Age ‘The period without a documented evidence of its history is called Prehistoric period. Proto-historic peviod is the period having clued of evidence of a seript which is still not daciphesed. Prote-hintoriesefex: to the pesiod between, prehistoric and historical period. *The time aferwhichwe get documented descriptions called historic period. *Stone Age comes under the Prehistoric period. indus valley civilization and Copper Age cultie comes under the protohistoric period, "The historical period stants fiom Vedic Culture. *InIndia, the research on’ tone Age Civilization started at fictin 1863. The hole Stone Age has been categorized into thuee part on the basis of iference of tools wed. Theze ate Pabneolithic period, ‘Mesolithic period and Neolithic period "Paleolithic Peviod is futher categorized into thee pesieds on. the same baci () The Lower Paleolithic period -Handaxe, Cleaver, Chopper, ete (i) The Middle Paleolithic peried- Points, Bore, Scrapper (ji) The Upper Paleolithic period - Busine *Choppar-chopping pebble piece: of tol: were at frst cb tained fiom Sehan river valley of Punjab (Pakistan) At vt, hand axe pisces of equipment were found in Vadamadurai ard Attirapahkam near Madras. Other tool: of this culture ae cleaver, scraper, etc. *Rebert Bruce Feote wa: 2 British geologist and Archeologist. *The expedition of L. Cambge feamunder the ladeship of D. Tera did the most important sesearchin Solanvalleyin 1935.*InBelanvalley, th esearch war cared under the ditection of GR, Shauna of Allalubad University. Neatly 44 archaeological sites were found in this valley which is slated tothe lower Paleolithic pesiod. “Apart fiom foo, the state ofbone-made Mother Goddess ofthis age wa obtained fiom Lohanda Nala region of Belan Valley whichis cunently preserved atthe Kaushambi mseum. "The life of Palaeolithic people was completely natural. They ‘were primarily dependent on Inning. They were unfamiliar with fire, so they ate raw meat. Paleolithic people were ‘unfamiliar with farming and animal husbandry. *We came to know about Mesolithic period only after L. Carlyle discovered (1867-68) the Rock Painting fiom Vindhya region, According to the excavated evidence, the domestication of animals began in the Mesolithic period. The easliest pisces of evidence of domestication of animals in India have been found at Adamgazh (Ho:hangabad, MP) and Bagor (Bhibrara, Rajasthan). *A large mnber of implements made cofbones and home have been found fiom the Mezolithi ste, ‘Mahadale (located in Pratapgath distict of U.P). The book: entitled ‘Puratttva Vinh wittenbyDr Jai Narayan Pandey descxibes various pointed object: and omaments made ofbones which have been reported fiom Sarai Nahar Rai, Damdama and Mahadaba, "Damdama is a Mesolithic stein Pratapgaah_ dishict of Uttar Pradech. In Damndamma, 41 human gravee have been found. Out of these graves, 5 are double burial One triple burial gave is also found hee. A grave with four Inman sheletone hac been found at Sarai Naar Rai "The Megalithe usually refer to the burials made up of lange stones in graveyads away fiom the habitation area. A lange action of there ic armumed to be associated with burial or post basal ital inchnding memeovals for those whee remains say or may notbe available, Some of there sue; Chamber ton, Dolmen, tne aliganent, Stone czele (somlec),Pitcizle, ee “Acconding to"Paratatva Visas by JN, Pandey 17 knman, sheletone were faind fiom sock shelter 1 of Lekbabiya in the Vindhya region Some ofthese were in xelatively pristine conlitionwhule mortof the others weve wasped. *Acconding to John. Lucas of Ozegon University, the USA, zexmnant: of 27 Tuma skeletons exe found in Lekbabiya, *The rock chelies of Bhinnbetha aze located 45 Jan sve:t of Bhopal. UNESCO) Jas inchided the shell pictues of Bhinbetka in the list ofits ‘would heritage. These caves exhitthe ealesttaces oftmuman life on the Indian subcontinent and inchide the pictures of an elephant, sambhar, deer, et Grains were fast ever produced in Neolithic Age Ttwa: the time when people were introduced to agzisltuse. Keldilnea anc ‘Mebrgarhovere the to Neolithic villages fiom where clear places evidence of rice and wheat have been found. *There ae mainly eight typer of food grain: comumed by modem Inman society, mamelybarley, wheat, maize, millet, soglam, smstard, oat ad rice. These crops were presentin the form of | ‘weed in diffevent areas, which weze Inter grown as seed by a Inmanbeing at diferent places, at different times. Baley was the fast grain tobe cultivated by Inman beings during S000 BC in wertem Arian counties located between the northeast Mediternanean Sea and Iran Later, in the same area, wheat ae alzocaltivated azound S000 BC. *Rice war the thi grain Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies BSto be cultivated by Inman beings in approx 7000 BC at the ‘Yangtoe River in China, *Maize was cultivated in Cental and South Amenica during 6000 BC. The fast evidence of maize ‘was found in Mexico, “millet in 5500 BC in China, songham {in S000 BC in Fast Aftica, Mustard in S000 BC inScuth-East ‘Asia and Oat in 2300 BC in Europe. *Accoxding tothe latest research, the easlect evidence of agricltuse in Indian sub- continent was reported fiom the Laluradewa site in Sant Kabir Nagar dstict, Uttar Pradesh The evidence of Inman activity and begining frie cultivation at this site datedbacke to around 9000-7000 BC. *Significantly before this research, the eaularevidence ofvrheatwa: found at Melxgazh (located ‘nnBalochistan Pakistan) belonging to around 7000 BC andthe canlest evidence of nice is known to be near the bank of the siverBelan, distict Allahabad, fiomorhere ice branwas found dating back to 6500 BC.*The cultusal maine fom tone Age to Harappan irization have been found in Mebmgazh located sn Balochistan (Pakistan). "The Burzahom site a prehistoric settlement in the village of the same name in Kashmir valley. Both Inman and animal sleletors were fourd here with hepaming (bored holes) mane Inmany pits, bone: of dog: and anflered deervwerefourd along with numancKeleton. The skeletons of amare were found in the busial pit ina sitting portion along withbones of animale “The fist excavation at the Buzzabom ste was caused out by Helumst de Tesza ane Dr: Thomas Paterson in the year 1935, **The people of Jorwe cults lived in ange rectangular hoxces wwithovatle and daub walle and thatched zoof. They believed in Me after death and therefore busied the dead invide the Ihaaser under the floor Chuldsen weze bused in browne that were joined meuth-to-mouth and set horizontally inthe pit, while adults were placed in a supine position with the head towards the north (orto south). These sites were found in Daimabad, Inamgaen, Chandauli, Nevara etc. *The ‘Ash sours" have been faund fiom Neolithic ie Sangana Kaha located in Vella distict near Mysore in Kamataka. They have alcobeen find in Pikhal and Utmr These ach mounds a the bumt relics of searomal camps of Neolithic herdsmen comma “Fae war Sastused arin the Neolithic period *Copper war the fist metal used. Copper Age is alo laoorn, a: the Chakelithic age. The age in which instuments of copper weze wed in addition to stone iz called az Copper Age. *Settlements of Chalcolithic period in Inia were found in SouthEast Rajasthan, Westem Madhya Pradesh, westem Maharastra and South-East India, *Navdatoli hac sevealed excellent evidence of both sound and rectangular reidential stiches which ze located near indore. The former mennizes| shout 3m in diameter and the Inter 2: 22mm. *The roof were probably made of hay, tee branches and leaves and were supported on massive wooden posts, 22cm in diameter, ised stsegularintesval around the lt, "The open spaces bebveen the ports wexe provided with amd-plastered bamboo screen "The house floors were made up of silt lay and river gravel, swith the suaface coated withlim. The Inte were provided with cone or tro-mouthed ‘clalha'az wellas storage jas and other cnathen versel: **Oche-Coloured Pottery (known to archaeologist: as OCP) 2 the name implies, its main distinguishing feature was its cele colour. Other charactsistis ate its pons character and the fact that it is imvaniably wom out atthe edges. Most ofits evidence is mainly found fiom Atranjikhera aed Hastinap ur The Archneobgical Survey oflnidia (ASD) under the Ministry of Culture, isa premier oxganization for the archaeological researches and protection of the cultural heritage of the nation In 1871, the Archaeological Survey was established a separate department, and Alewuuder Cunningham v2: appointed ar it fact Diector-General. In 1901, dung the tere of Lord Curzon, it was centalized 2: Archaeological Survey of India and John Marehallwas appointed in 1902 27 it fast Dinector- General. *National Human Museum, which war renamed ar Indira Gandhi National Human Museum & located in Bhapal (MLP) It is an utonomens organization under the Department of Cultue 1. Robert Bruce Foote, wh discovered frst Palneoithic ‘tool in India, was alan — (2) Geologist ©) Archaeologist (© Patecbotanist @ Historian UB. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 Ans. (@aeb) “Kecowding to Eneyclopeedia Britannica, Robert Brace Foote vac a British geologict and archaeologist. He is considered 2 the father of Indian pre-history. He was associated with the Geological Survey and documented the antiquities ofthe stone age. Hence, both option: (a) and (b) canbe comidered 2 conect Bao ‘General Studien indian History‘The three age system, divided into stone, bronze and iron from the collection of Copenhagen museum was coined by — (@ Thonzon, () Lubbock (© Tayler @ Childe UP.PCS. Pre) 2010 Ans. (@) ‘Rlaige munber of mplements made oftones and hone have [been fox fiom the Mesolithic site, Mabadaba and Sauai Nahar Rai (located in Pratapgath distict of U P). The book. entitled “Paratativa Vins * weitfen by Dr: Jai Narayan, Pandey describes vatious pointed objects and omaments sade of bones which have been zeported fiom Sarai Nahar Rai, Damelama and Maladaka ‘Recouding to Commission Report Prevent archaeological system of the three main ages-stone, bronze and inomas developed by the Danish archaeologist Chastian huxgersen ‘Thomsenin 1818 and 1820 He clarified Objectof Museum, in 1836 3. According to the excavated evilence, te domestication, of animal beganin— (a) Lower Palaeolithic period (@) Middle Palasolithie period (©) Upper Palaolithicpeniod (@) Mesolithic pesiod UPPCS. (Mains) 2006 An. @ ‘Reconling to the excavated evidence, the donasticabon of animal: began in the Mesolithic period. The eatlest pieces of evidence of domestication of animals in India have [been found at Adamgash (Hoshangabad, MP) and Bagor (Blsbovara, Rajasthan) 4. Which among the following sites provides evidence of domestication of animale in the Mesolithic period? (@) Odai (©) Bo (©) Bagor (@) Lakduia UPPCS. Pre) 2018 Ans. © 7. Bone oxmaments in the Mesolithic context in India awe been obtained from — (@ SmaiNabarRai (0) Maladaha (© Lelia (@) Chopani Marcio UPR.QJAR.O. (Mains) 2013 Ans. @&b) See the explanation of cbove question 8. Three lumen sheletons ina single gravewere recovered at (@ SaaiNabarRai (0) Damdama (© Makadaba (@) Langina} UPPCS. Pre) 2016 Ans.) Danae i Merolihie site in Patapgash dirtict Uta Pradesh InDamdama, 41 human graves were found. Out cof there graves, Saxe double busial One triple basil grave is alo found here. A grave with four nman skeletons has been found at Sauai Nahar Rai 9, Thecultivation of cereal Sit started in- (@) Neolithic Age (0) Meralithic Age (© Palasolithic Age (8) Proto-Histonc Age URRCS. (Mains) 2005 An. @) See the explanation of ove question 5. InMerolithic context, evidence of animal domestication has been found at: (@) Larghoaj (0) Bubhargur (© Adamgath (8) Chopani Mando UPP.CS. (Sp Pre) 2008 Ans © See the explanation of hove question 6. Fromwhichone of the following ster bone implements Javebeen found ? (@) Chopari-Manio ——(b) Kakoria (© Matadaka (@ Sarai Nahar Rai UPPCS. (Mains) 2010 Ans @& a) Graize were fast ever produced im Neoltiic Age, [twas the time when people were introduced to agxicultuse. Koldiora, snd Melugash were the tiro Neolithic villager fiom vere clear pieces of evidence of rice and wheat have been found 10. During the Neolithic Age the earliest evidence of the ‘origin of agriculture has been found at which of the Sellowingp lice in the North. Werternregion offndian. ‘nb-continent? (@) Munidgak (©) Mehanganh (©) Danb Sadat (@ Balakot © Ami (Chhattisgarh PCS. Pre) 2017 Ans.) See the explanation of shove question Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies BaLl, The earlient evidence of man in India i found in (@) Nile: Hills (©) Shiveaik Hills (©) Nallamala Hills (@ Narmada Valley Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006 An @® Ta Talia, he Bist evidence of man was found in western Narmada egion of Madhya Pradesh Itwas discovered in1982, 12, The fret cereal weed by manweas : (@) Wheat () Rice (© Baley (@) Sonim UPP.CS. Pre) 1997 Ans © ‘There ae mainly eight Qype of food giaim conumed by modem Inman society, namely baley, wheat, maiz, millet, sorglnan aniston oat and sce, There plants were prezentin the formofvweed indifferent eas, whichvrexe later grown.ar seedby a nmanbeing at different places, in diffevent times, Although batleywas the fst graintobe cultivated ylnman [beings dosing S000 B.C. inwertem Asian counties located [betreen the noxtheact Meditezanean Sea and lian Lats, in| the same area, wheat war also cultivated around S000 B.C. Rice was the thd grain tobe cultivated by Inmanbeings in approx 7000 B.C. at the Yangtze Riverof China, Maize was cultivated in Cental and South America dusing 6000 B C. “The fict evidence of maize was found in Mexico, millet in 5500 B.C. in China, songlnm in 5000 B.C. in East Aftica, smnictard in SOOO B.C. in Souths Bact Avia and Oat in 2300 BC. inBurope 13, The earliest evidence of agriculture in Indian mub- continent comes from — (® Koliitera (@) Lalmadeva (© Melugash @ Tolora UB. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008 Ans.) ‘According to the latest esearch, the easiest evidence off agricultue in Indian sub-continent hac been reported fiom, the Lalusadeva site in Sant Kabir Nagar district, Uttar Pradech The evidence of luuman activity and beginning of tice cultivation at this site dates back to azound 7000-9000 BC. Significantly before thir research, the ennlie evidence cof wheat was found at Melugath (located in Balochistan, Pakistan) belonging © wound 1000 BC. and the ealiest evidence oftice i kaowntobe nea the bankofthe river Belan, Aishict Allahabad, fiom where rice bran war found dating [back o 55008 C. Withsbove sefixence,ifLaluadevais one option, then itil be the comect ane, but if almsadera, is rot option, then Mehagath would be th right ancwwer 14. With reference to the cultural heritage of Uttar Pradesh, which of the following statementls is/are comect? () The oldest evidence of agriculture in the global context has been obtained from many excavated sites in thie region. @) The oldest cultivated food grains are barley and paddy. Select the correct annwer uring the codes givenbelow — Code - (@) Only @) Only? (© Botha? (@) Neither mor? UPR.QJARO. Pre) 2021 Ans @) Fiom Lalnadevin Sant Kabir Nagar dstict, Utar Pradesh, oldest evidence of agriculture have been obtained. The oldest food grain: were barley and wheat. Heme option (a) & conect 15, Name thesite which has revealed the eaaliet evidence of petted life @ Dholaviza (©) Kile Gul Mohammad (© Kalbangan (@ Metogaah UPRCS. (Sp) Main) 2008 An @ See the explanation of cbove question 16, Theeatliest evidence of agriculture inthe Indian Sub- continent har been obtained from — @ Bralmagini (©) Buzatom © Koliitera (@) Melugaxh URPCS. (Mains) 2010 An @ See the explanation of cbove question 17, The earliest evidence of Agriculture in Indian mibcontinentis found at @ Lotal () Hasappa, (© Melugah (@ Muniigak URPCS, (Mains) 2007 Am. © See the explanation of cbove question Baz ‘General Studien indian History18. Which one of the following periods is alo known as Chakelithic Age? (@) Old Stone Age () New Stone Age (© Copper Age @) bon Age 44 BPS.C. Pre) 2000 Ans. © 22, Inwhich state of India is the Harappan Civilization, site Mandi situated? (@) Gujrat (&) Haryana (© Rajasthan (@) Uttar Pradesh UPP.CS. Pre) 2021 Ans @ Copperhgeis aro knowaw the Chalcolitlicage. The age in which intuments of copper were wed in addition to stone, is called as Copper Age. 19, The cultural remaine from Stone Age to Harsppan Cwilization havebeen obtained fromwhichone of the {following ancient sites @ Am () Meluganh (© Korii (@) Kalbangen UPPCS. Pre) 2008 Ans.) The cultural remains fom Stone Age to Hazappan Civdization hare been obtained fiom Mebugath located in Balochistan (Pakistan) 20, Excavation at Navadatoliwar conducted by — (@) EDBajpat () VS. Wakankar (HD Sankalia (@ Mortimer Whécler UP. Lower Spl Pre) 2008 Ans. © Wavdstol lar revealed excellant evidence of both round and rectargular residential structure: which are located near Indore (Madhya Pradesh). The former mearures about 3min diameter andthe Inter 2m 2.2mm The 1008 were probably, rade of hay, branche: and leaves and were supported on rmassive wooden posts, 22cm in diameter, razed at regular intervals around the ints. The openspaces between the posts rere provided with rmd-plastered bamboo screens. The Ihoase floors were madeup of iltclay and xiver gravel with ‘the susface coated with lime, The Ins weze provided with fone or fvo-monthed ‘clullas’ az well ar storage jaz and thes easthen veszels. ‘This site was excavated by Ma. HD. Sankalia, Professor Decean College, Pane. This site was the most extensive excavated muzal Chalcolithic site of Indian sub-continent, thichic determined tobe betaen 16008 C. and 1300B C. 21 Inwhich-state, the Navdateliis beated ? Mandi & located to the east ofthe Yanna sven in Muzaffamagar district, westem Uttar Pradesh and ‘this area has been considered peripheral to the main distubution area of the Harappan Civilization + Aloard of jeellery at Mandi wa; diccovered during ‘anexcavationcamied outbyD.V. Sharma (1999-2000). 23. Comisder the following statements pertaining to dhe Alar Civilization — ‘A. The natives of Alar knew copper imelting B. Rice war unlacwrnto them C. Metal work vas one of the meare of economy of the Alar D. Black-Red coloured pottery have beenfounl hereon which generally whe colossed geome tical derigne have been carved, Choose the coneet option — @) A,Cand Dae conect (© A, Bard C are conect ©) AaniB are conect (@ CanDareconect RASIRIS. Pre) 2021 Ans @) ‘har civilization belonged to chalcolithic period and flourished around the Mewarregionof Rajasthan. Theyused copper tool: and evidence of copper smelting is presen oo, Hence (A) and (C) statements are conect Rice war lncurnto them hence (B) is verong. Mostly black-ed coloured pottery decorated withvwhite geometic design have been found here Hence (D) & alo conect 24. Megalithe have been identified as- @ Caves forbermits — (b) Busial sites (© Temple sites (@ None of the above URRCS. (Mains) 2005 Ans.) “The negalily usually wefer the banal made up of lage stone: in graveyands away fiom the habitation area. Alaige faction of theve is azsumed to be arzociated with busial cor post-baral nitals inchiding memorials for those whose remains may or may not be available. Few types of these are; Chanber tomb, Dolmers, Stone alignment, Stone citcle (coomlech), Pitencls, ete @ Gujarat (b) Makarsira ® Penne wl a a ORR sak an ec 2S Ashmead i asocited with the Neola at— UPPCS. (Main) 2009 (@) Budidal (@) Sangana Kal Ans. @ (© Koliitra @ Brakmagis UPPCS. (Minn) 2009 Tee le exglnationof bore qeetton Amo) Inti History General Stier Bas“The “Ach mounds" ave been found Som a Neolithic ate Sangana Kalks located in Vella disict near Myroze in Kanataka. They have akobeen found in Pidihal and Uta ‘These ach mound: axe the burnt zelice of zeazonal camps of Neolithic hendcmen comms. 26. ‘Bhimbbetha’ ie famous fox - (a) Rock Painting: (@) Buddhist States (©) Minerals (@) Originof Son River MBPS. (Sp) Pre) 2004 Ans. @) “The sock sleliew of Bhinbetka are located 45 kan wert of Bhopal. UNESCO has inckided the zhell pictures of Bhinbetka inthe listofits woud heritage. These caves exhibit the eazliect tracer of Inman life on th Indian subcontinent and inchde the pichuer of an elephant, sambbas, dees, ee. ‘There are 133 Pactse in 700 Rock Shelters 27, In India, from which rock:shelter, pictures has been, fovoed the most ? (@ Ghagharia () Bhinbeta (© Leldabia (@) Adamgath UPP.CS. Pre) 2008 Ans.) See the explanation of shove question 30. Which of the following Indian Archaeologists first visited ‘Bhimbetha Caves! and discovered prehistoric significance ofits rockpaintings? (2) Madho Sorasoop Vata (@) HD Sankalia (© VS. Wakankar (@ VN Mistoa UPPCS. Pre) 2020 Am. © "Bhinbetla Gaver ae located inRavenDistictof MP They, are best example of Rock Painting of prehistovic exe. Itwras Aiscoveredby VS. Wakankarin1957.Itis a UNESCO would henitage site forts prominent prehistoric Rock Paintings 31. Bhimbetha war dircovered by (@) Dr HD Sankdalia @) Dr Shyam Sundar Nigam (© Dr Vishmdbar Vakankar (@) Dr Rapali Pandey MPPCS. Pre) 2020 Ans © See the explanation of cbove question 32, The Ochre-coloured Pottery (O.CP)war christened at: (@) Hastinapsr () Abichhatra © Nek (@ Red Fost URPCS. (Mains) 2006 An. @ 28. Whichoneof the followingp ees is famous forpre- ent pa (@) Ajanta () Bhinbeta (© Bagh @ Amvavati UPPCS. (Mains) 2011 Uttarakhand UD.A/LD.A. (Maine) 2007 Ans.) ‘The bestexangle of preliston paintings b he sock-shaliens and caves of Bhimbetla, located inRaisendistictof Mada Pradesh. The soc zhelters of Bhinibetka are in the foothill of the Vindhyan Mountain: on the southem edge of the central Indian platems. The ock-cut paintings of Ajanta and Bagh are related to post Mamyan period while Amuavati srbichi faznons fort caimaschitectre ix considered tobe ult in teanga’s pesiod or Satavahana’s period 29, Where are the caver of Bhinbetha situated? (@) Bhopal () Packonashi (© Singraal (@) Abdullahganj-Raisen, MPPCS. Pre) 2013 An @® See the explanation of shove question Discovery and Naming (Chisten) of OCPwas donebyB B. Lalin 1951 at Hastinapar. Ochre-Colowed Pottery (enown, to archaeologists a5 OCP) as the name implies, its main distinguishing feature wa: its oclue colon, which gives ita ict appearance of being badly fred. Other characterstics sus its porous character and the fact thatitisinvanibly wom, ut at the edger. 33, Im the Chalkolithic period people of Maharashtra ‘buried their dead under the floor of theiz houses in the {following orientation: (@) North to South portion () Ext Wert position (©) South to North portion (@ Westto Bact porition UPPCS. Pre) 1997 An. @ "The poogle ofJonve caltae lived inlmage rectangular howses svthvrattle and daub walls and thatched zoof They believed, in hfe after death and therefore busied the dead invide the Jhaazer under the floor. Cluldsenwere nied in brow that rere joined mouth-to-mouth and set horizontally in the pit, while adults were placed in a supine position wath the head tovrands the roth (north to south). These sites were found in Daimabad, Inamgaon, Chareauli, Nevaza, ete. Bar ‘General Studien indian History34, Whichof the following sites has yielded sheletonof the dog alongwith human sheleton in burial ? (2). Brahmagin () Burzakom (© Chuand’ (@) Masia UP. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008 Ans.) “The Buralom site b « pelustode selene! in Oe village ofthe same name in Kashar valley Both kuman and anal skeletons were found hee with heparning (bored bole) msi. Inmany pit, bones of dog: and antlered deerwere found along srthnaman skeleton. The -keletone of aman were fc in| the busal pts ina sitting prition along withbones of animals ‘The ft excavation af the Buscahom sie war cazried autby. Heluntde Tera ane Dr Thomas Pateszon in the year 1935, 38. The evidence of burying the dog with human bedy is ‘Sound from which of the following places ? (@) Buzalom (@) Kottisra (© Chapa @ Manto Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 Ans. (@) See the explanation of ove question 36. Theevilence ofpit dwelling has beench tained from— (@ Buzalom (@) Kolditera (© Brakivagist (@ Sanganalalht UPPCS. (Mains) 2011 Ans. (@) See the explanation of ove question 31. Conner the following pairs: (Historicalplace) (Well-known for) 1. Burzahom, Rockeut shrines (Ghaandra-hetugath Terracotta art 3. Canerlora Copper artefacts Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched’ @ lealy (@) Land? (© Benly (@) Jani UPR.OJARO. Pre)2021 Ans @ ‘Buzalom i a Neolithic site in Kashar valley. The ate fs famens for pit dwelling and nechithic tool industry and not for rock cut shrines. Hence pair 1 is not conectly matched. Chandraketngath is located in the Ganga delta in ‘West Bengal. In easly histo times, Chandraketagarh was connected fo the Ganga by the Valyadhan river, and must have been an important cenbe of trade, and possibly alo a political centre. Chandsaketugarh was a major cente of tenacotta craft. Vasious kinds of artefacts have been found atthe site over the year, nchiding cous, pottery, seals and sealings ard fgurines made of ivory, wood and brome. Hence pair? conectly matched. The Ganeshovar Jodhpura cultue ras located inthe novth-eastem pat of Rajasthan Hundreds ‘of copper objects ave been found at thi site, Hence pair 3 is conectly matched 38, From which rock shelter of Vindhyas, a maxim, umber of huawan sheletone have been found? @ Morahana Paar (0) Glaghania (© Baghahi Kher (@ Lekdahia UPPCS. Pre) 2016 An @ Teconling Paatatva Vinanii by IN Pandey 17 aman slletone were obtained fram rock shelter 1 of Lekbabiva in the Vindhya egion Some ofthese were inzelatvely pstine conditionvhile mart of the other: were warped. Acconding to JohnR. Lucas of Oregon University, the USA, rermants cof 77 nanan skletons were fund an Lekbaluva 39. Given below are two statements, one is bbelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : The stone age people of the Vindhyas ‘migrated to the Ganga Valley in terminal Pleistocene period. Due to climatic change, itwas dry phase in this period. (Choore the comnect anmver fom the code givenbelow. Code : @ Both (A) and (R) are tue and (R) is the conect explanation of (A) (&) Both (A) and (R) aze tue and (R) i not the conect explanation of (A) (©) (Az tue but R) i fake @ (A) i false but ®) i te UPR.QJAR.O. (Mains) 2016 Reason ®) An. @ Stone age people of tte Vindiyas migrated © the Ganga Valley in terminal pleistocene period because of climatic change Virdhyan Valley had become diy. 40. Which of these departments/ministrien deals with Archaeological Survey oflindia as anaccessory office ? @ Culture () Tourism (©) Science and Tecnology (@) Human Resource and Development Sharkhand P.C.S, (Pre) 2011 An. @ “The Archaeological Survey ofndia (AST) under the Minisoy cof Cultue, ic a premier organization forthe archaeological researches and protection of the cultural heritage of the zation In 1871, the Archaeological Survey was established a: a separate department, and Alesander Cunningham was appointed ari fast Dsector-General. In 1901, dusing the femue of Lond Curzon, itwas centralized and designated as Archaeological Survey of India. In 1902 John Marshall was appointed as its fast Director General Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies Bas41. Whereis National Human Museum situated ? (@ Guwahati (©) Bastar (©) Bhopal (@ Chem MP.PCS. Pre) 1997 Ans. © National Human Museum, which was senamed «7 Indira Gandhi National Human Museums located in Bhopal (MP), Its an antonomens organization under the Department of alte Indus Valley Civilization ‘The Indus Valley Civilization is alo mown as the Harappa Civilization *Archaeologistrwse the term “culture” fora goup of cbjecs, distinctive in style, that are urually found together within specific geographical area and ata period of ime. In the care of Harappan culture, these distinctive objects inchide seals, beads, weights, sone blades and even baked bricks. ‘The Harappan seal is possibly the most distinctive artefact of the Harappan or Indus valley civilization. *Seals were discovered at Harappa by archaeologist: Daya Ram Salmi an the easly decades of the 20" century (in 1921). *Another archaeologist, Rakhal Das Banerji found similar seals at Mehenjodare, leading to the conjectare that theve sites were pat of a single archeological culture. *Based on these fin, John Marshall, Dnector-General of the ASI, amounced the discovery of new civilizationin the Indus valley to the world "Hlarappai located inthe Montgomery district (cunenyit Sakival distil) of Panjab province, Pakistan *Mohenjodare is located om the right bank of the Indus River in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. “According to the Stuart Piggot, the tro cities, Harappa and Mohenjodazo were “Twin capital of an Extensive Kingdom”. *Harappa & located at the left bank of Ravi River ‘The caibom4 (C') dating process indicates the Harappan_ period fo be fiom 2300 BC to 1700 BC which ir highly accepted. Duning the period 2300 BC to 1900, the growth ofthis civilzationwas atits peak Mesopotamiaand Egyptian civilization are contemporary to the Ins civilization. The timeline ofthe Inius valley civalizationby various researchers — Researcher Timeline John Maskell BAEC 250BC Eme:t Mackay 2800 B C. - 25008 ¢. Madhav Swarcop Vat | 3500B.C. -2500BC C3.Gada 2350B.C. -1700B¢. ‘Mortimer wheeler 25008 C. = 17008 ¢. Walter. Faisersis 20008 C. - 15008. The Harappan cultie covered parts of Panjab, Sindh, Bahchistan, Gujarat, Rajasthan and the fringes of westem Uttar Pradesh Itexterded fiom Manda (Jamum and Kashi) in the north fo the Daimabad (Mabarachira) in the South, and fiom the Sutkagen Dor of Baluchistan in the West to Alamgir Pur Meenut (Utter Pradesh) in the novth The area formed a triangle and accounted for about 13 lakhs quae lilometex which sc larger than Pakistan and certainly bigger than ancient Egypt and Mesopotansia, “As the evidence stands, the population of Mohenjodano was aamictue of atleast four species — 1 Proto-Australoids (Caucasian) 2 Meditenaneane 3. Alpines 4. Mongoloids “Founder: offs valley civlizationbaced on the assessments cof vasiows auchaeologist - SN, [Archacologiee Founder 1 |[DrLemanSwaco | Ave 2 [V. Gorion Childeand| Samara Wheeler 3. [Ralls Da Bamegi Disvidias Did) "The cities excavated in Indus valley area canbe categorized in the following groups 1. Cental city 2. Coastal ety and dockyards 43. Other cities and tovene "The thuee majorities of indus valley civilization: Harappa, Mobenjodazo and Dholavisa were the lage towne. "The vast mounds were fist reported by Charles Masson in 1826 "During 1920-21, Mr. RB. Dayaram Sahni surveyed the Hoarappa culture in the Montgomery district (cumently in. Sahival) of Panjab on the left side of Ravi sive and in 1923, excavation process stated with comfity: Inthe year 1920- 21 and 1933-34, Mz. Madhaw Swaroop Vate an in 1946, ‘Mz Mortimer wheeler had stated the excavation pocess ona lange (extensive) scale. *Harappa had toro mounds, the eaten | side mound was Jmown a: city mound and the westem one was called az cartle mound. The zemmants of Granary were available in the form of 12 zoom, which were ananged in the form of tro rows each, having six room each. *The first sutefsct uncovered in Harappa was a unique stone seal carved with unicorn and an insription Similar seals with diferent Bae ‘General Studien indian Historyanimal symbols are writings have been found thuoughont the region. Although the writing has not yet been deciphered, evidence found during the early archaeological excavations is the majorsouce fo know about the Harappan cultuse. “The pictues of elephant, rhinoceros, tiger, deer, sheep, etc. ae depicted on the seal: and tenacotta aut of Harappan cule But the cow vas not depicted on the seals and tenacotta art of the Harappan culties "*Mfotenjodazo las been variously interpreted as “Mound of ‘the dead men’ in Sindhi language. Mobenjodazo is located sight of the Indus River in Lazkana disict, Sindh, Pakistan, Mobenjodaxowar discovered by RakhalDas Banexjeein 1922, ‘The most important public place of Mohenjodaro seems: to bbe Greatbath. This great bath seems to have been used for situa bathing, “In Mohenjodaro, a lage building, in the form cof mine, has been obtained. Thir i inthe novthesotdizection of great bath, with the dimension 70.1 « 23.77 meters. Thi: building, pethaps meant forthe residence ofa very high ficial, porsibly the high priest hincelf or a college of pests. *The main quality of Mohenjodavo wa their reads, The mainsoad had awidth of 9.15 mater, whichowas known ae Rajpath The srnight soads inferrect each other at the zight angle and the pasted roads fonm-square and quadrangle shapes.*The artefact found fiom Mohenjodso are mother goddess idol, dancing sirlstatue, a seated male soapstone Priest King), Pashupati (Shiva) seal, bones of elephants, 2nd sheleton in the wells, ‘eethof hore, evidence of cotton clot ete *The Chamhudare sitsated 130 km southeast of Mohenjodaro was discovered by N.G. Majumdar in 1931 and excavated ona lange scale by E.J.HL Mackay in 1935- 36, *Remnants of Shukhar and Jhangar culture were found at this site. This place may have been a industrial Imb where shell making, bangle making, bead making took place. Omamented elephant, toys, the vestige of a dog that followed a cat, lipsticks, ete have been found at this ste *Lothalis situated onthe Bhogava Riverin Alumedabad district of Gujarat. Itwas discovered by SR. Rao in 1954. Along the acter side of the town war a buick-bavin, which has been, identified a; dechyardby its excavator Lothal city on thebasis of planning and material goods seems tobe micro Harappa or ricro Mohenjodano city. The evidence of Rice husk metal ‘This ste was discoveredby BB. Lalin1961.*Ploughed field surface ha: been found at this site. The pieces of evidence of Mesopotamian seals, wheels of a foy cart, fire alters ae Sousa hex “Dholavira, which is the second lnuge:t site of Harappan, Civilization in India (after Rakhigati) is located in Ramm of Kautch (Gujarat). RLS. Bisht and hic colleagues excavated itn, 1990-91. *Diolavirais one ofthe most pominent archaeological sites of Harappa, which gives us important information about veatbath and serervoirwhichwar of mates indepth and 79 mete: long. *The townwacbuiltina rectangular shape. teas divided into three parts -foxt, central town and lower town, People of Dholaviza were familiar with the advanced water management system Fiom the ealiestevidence, people wsed to store water in thir reservoir by building dame. *Surhotada ic located in Kutch distict of Gujarat, The evidence of horse bones and pot burials has been fourd here “Daimabad i situated onthe leftbank ofthe Pravara Riverin, Alunednngurdistictof Maharashtra This ste was discovered by BP Bopandikar in 1958. Daimabad is famous for the secovery of manybrome goods, ome ofwhichwvereinfuenced bby Harappan culture. *Rakhigarhi is sittated in the Hisar Aishict of Haryana. This site is locate in the Ghaggar-Halaa River plain. This site war discovered by Suinjbhan in 1969, ‘This site isthe Largest site of Indus Valley civilization in. India. *Ropar (Puja) i located om the leftbank ofthe siver Sathyj. The cument name of this city is Rupragar “This city was discoveredbyB B Lalin1950.This sitewas excavatedby ‘Yackdatt Shanna 1953-55, "Rangpur: located in anrachba regionofwestem Inia, onthe coast of Arabian Sea in Gujarat state. On the basis of lage vegetative remaim, it canbe said that these people used to cultivate Rice, Bajra and Millet “Dadheri was a pre-historic excavation site of Govindgarh, Aishict Ludhiana (Panjab). Dadhen is known forts painted rey ware culture, which i supposed to be associate with, the ansival ofthe Ayan Major sites of Indus Valley Civilization and related rivers — ‘workers, shell ornament makers, bead makers slp, fre Tie Riven allan, term cotta figurine of a hens, a terracotta model | — = areppe = ‘ofa hip, Persian seal, painted jax et hasbeen fone hese "Kalbangnis located in Hamumangarhdicbictof Rajasthan Mobersodae Bes Indian Hiery ‘General Studies BatTale Giese Total Bhogwe Ropar Satie} Manda Chen Daimabad Pave Alameanpar inion Sutkagendor Deck Bhagwanpaa Taner *Abumgirpur & located in Meemt district of Uttar Pradesh, Itis situated along the Hindon River A smal terracotta bead- like structure coated with gold and evidence of cloth was found at this site. Utes with tiangle, peacock and squinel Jnmpression: were found here *"Hfubasis located inS abaranpurdishictof Uttar Pradesh Hand rade and wheel made pottery with geometric or natualistic designe painted in black, chest blades, bone point, ete. have ‘beenfoxnd hese. *Banawalis located inthe Fatebabad dictict cof Haryana. Clay figuie: ofthe mother godess and teyplough, dave been fauna here *Bhagwanpura i located in Kumlcheta district, Haryana Its located on the Southem bank of river Sararrat. The site war excavated by JP Joshi. *Mandais situated onthe bank of siver Chenab in Jamun and Kashuix Itwas excavated by JP, Jorhiin 1982 Itic considered asite wed to procuze wood fiom Himalayan segions and send them downstream to other towns of the Indus valley civilization * Sonauiiis an archaeological site located in Baraut Tele, Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh, here 125 graves belonging to Indu: Valley Civilization were found. These graves are onented ina Nerth South direction and most are identified a: primary Inmanbusials. Some of the Dural ae found with animal bones, gold, copper and bangles “Hauappane were known fo silver The evidence of't proper use ha: been fourd fiom Mohanjodaro and Harappa. These people used to get silver fiom mines of Zawar and Ajmer in Rajasthan Other source of ilver for Hamapa and Mobesjodano were Afghanistan and lian. ‘The Harappan pottery is bright or dazk ed and uniformly sturdy and well baked. It consists of wheel-made wares, both plainard painted. The plainwares are usually fred claywithor ‘without fine red slip. The painted potterywwas ofzed ae black colous Several method: werewsedby people forthe decoration cof pottery Polycluome pottery was rae and mainly comprised small vases decorated with geometic pattems, mestly ined, black and green and less iequently invite and yellow. The colour-scheme adopted for painting was lightblack, chocolate orlightred overbufforgreenish- buffbackgrourd.*The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze age Civilization People of this agereze not fasiiarwithizon. The drainage systema svlvanced and covesed with slabs *The tade and commence were in an advanced stage. The pisces of evidence of both internal and extemal ade have been found. *Many paces of evidence of worshipping of Mother Goddersfiomlnins Valley dave been found “Marshall identified the figure which he found during excavationas aneatly omof the Hin Cod Shiva (or Rudra) cor Pashupati(lod of animals) fiom the excavationof Harappa, ‘The Paslupati seal in which the thee faced male God is shhoven sitting ina yogic postuse, sumounded by a ino and a ‘buffalo on one sie and an elephant and a tiger on the other side, make the historian conckade thatthe people of thove days worshipped Lord Shiva and cylindsical stones show that the people worshipped Lingam thesymbolofLoxd Shiva. *Cotton war ft cultivated in India for clothing. The evidence of the easiest cotton cultivation war found in excavation in India, From India, itreached to Greece whee iteas called 2 “Hindon”. The cotton cultivation in India tasted in 3000 BC while it was cultivated in Egypt in 2500 BC. *Indus Valley Civilizations considered tobe a secular civilization with trace of theocratic or onganized religion *No temple or place of worship has been found after excavation fiom Indus Vally Civilization til date, The only seligions source fiom this civilization is statues made of smd and stone and seals which were found heve. By this, i is kmoven that female deities, Shiva or Paslupati and animal: like snake, elephant were worshipped. Wonship of plant and tres, or inanimate stone or other objects in the form of ‘Linga’ or ‘Yoni? D @3 2 1 4 ®2 3 4 1 ©2 4 3 1 @3 2 4 1 UPPCS. Pre) 2020 An @ Coneet natchof Lil with Lit w follows = Lit Lie (Harappan Site) ~ (UT/State of India) Baht - Haryana Manda : Jamun and Kashmir Padi : Gujarat Hola : Uttar Pradesh 33. Which of the following sites of Harappan culture are located in Sindh? 1 Harsppa 2. Mohenjodare 3. Chankaelare 4 Sumbotada [Indicate the cormect annwer from the code givenbelow: (@ Land? (©) 2and3 ©2324 @12,3aa4 URPS.C (IQ) 2010 Ans.) ‘Aimang the above option, Harappa © located in Panjab (Pakistan), Mohenjodaro and Chanindaro both ae located inSindh province and Surkotada is located in Gujarat The mained towihip of Chaniudaro situated 130 Jon south-east of Mohenjodaro was discovered by NG. Majumdar in 193] and excavated ona lange zeale by EJ H Mackay in 1935-36. Mackay found bead making factory and furnace here. Some phase cut bricks were found at Chanludaro 36, Which site of Indus Valley is now in Pakistan? (@) Kalibangan (@) Harappa (© Lethal (@ Alamgiryar UPPCS. (Spl) Pre) 1994 Ans.) Harappe i an archaeological site in Montgomery distict of Punjab province (new in Saha district of Palistan). Its located on the bank of the Ravi siver Kalbangan is located sn Hammangath distict of Rajasthan. Lothal i in Gujarat and Alamgispur is located in Uttar Pradesh, 36, Rangpuz where the contemporary of Harappan, ‘civilization was found, in in— (@) Panjeb (©) Easter Uttar Pradesh (© Saurashta (@) Rajasthan RASIRTS Pre) 1999 Am. © Rangnirs located inSauachiv gion of wertemlndia om the coastof Arabiansea in Gujartstate. On the basis oflaige vegetative remain, itcanbe sad that there people weed to cultivate Rice, Bara and Mile. 37, Dadheriie late Harappan site of — (@) Jas () Panis (© Bayan (@ UtterPradesh URRCS. (Main) 2014 Ans.) Dadhes wa: a prelustonc excavation site of Govindgah, district Ludhiana (Panjab). Dadheniskmown for its painted trey ware cullure which i supposed to be associated with the ansval of the Asyane 38. Which site of Indus Valley Cwilization is located in. India? (@) Harappa (©) Mokexjodaro (© Lethal (@) None of the above UPPCS. Pre) 1995 Am. © 34, The excavation at Chanhulare war dizected by — (@ 1-H Mackay () Sir John Marshall (REM Wheeler — (@) SirAuelStein UB. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 Ans.) otha situated near the vllage of Saagwalain he Diolla ‘Tabska in Ahmedabad distict of Gujarat Iti situated 2 Kare fiom Saragwala village Noxthon the bank of Bhogava siver Itwas discovered by $.R. Rao in 1954. Harappa and Mohexjo-Daro are situated in Pakistan Ba ‘General Studien indian History39, The Harappancity represented by the archaeological site of Lothalwas situated on the xiver — (@) Nammada () Maki (© Blogra @ Bhima UPP.CS. (Mains) 2012 Ans © See the explanation of hove question 40. Harappan civilization, Lethal, is beated in (@) Gujarat () Panjab (© Rajasthan @ Sindh Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 UPP.CS. (Mains) 2009 Ans. (@) See the explanation of hove question 41, Theport city of Indus Valley Civilization war — (@) Harappa () Kalibangan (© Lothal (@) Mobenjodaxo UPPCS. Pre) 1999 Ans. © Tothal & the only place of Inds Valley Civilization fom there the pieces of evidence of port have been found, which is located inthe eact of the city 42. Whats the most significant feature ofthe Indus Valley Cwilization? (@) Bumtbsick building (©) Fit me arches (© Building: of worship (@ Astand architecture (©) None of the above/ More thanone ofthe above 63" BPS.C Pre) 2017 Ans @) “The we ofan bricks in the construction of building: war cone of the main featur of the Inds Valley Civilization Burnt bricks were wed in abundance in Hazappa and ‘Mohenjo-Daro. In Lothal, burt bricks were used in the contction of drainage 48. Which of the following is a Harappanpert? (@) Alexandsia (©) Lotta (©) Mahesthangash ——_(@) Nagapattinam 53-10 §5+BPS.C. (Pre) 2011 Ans.) See the explanation of cbove question 44, Which of the following is not an Indus Valley (Gavilization site? (@) Kalbangan © Ropar © Patlipata (@ Lothal MPPCS. Pre) 2013, Am. © Kalibangen, Ropar, and Lotal are selated © Indus Valley Civilization but Patalipata adjacent to modem-day Patna was a major city daring Mahajampada period 46, Which one ofthe following is not a Harappan site? (@) Chanindaso () Koti (© Sobgana @ Desalyur LAS. @re)2019 Am. © Solgaura i a village located on the bank of Raph aver in Goraldimurdishictof UttasPradesh A.copperplate ceripton, of Mauryan period has been found here whichgives us information about the storehouses present here. Chanindaxo, Kot Diji and Desalpur are Hanrapan sites. Chankndano and Kot Dia prerentin the cuent Sindh province of Palirtan whereas Desalpuris located in the Kutch region of Gujarat 46, The largest site of Harappa in India ie — @ Alamginpar (©) Kalbangan © Lottal (@ Rakdigarhs UPPGS. (Sp) Mains) 2004 An @ With tie recent Gzcovery of bro mounds, Raliugarls (350 Ihecares) in Haryana isthe largest site 47, The biggest Harappan site in India is (@) Raldigarhi (©) Dholavia (©) Kalbangan (@ Lottal Sharkband P.CS. (Pre) 2016 An. @) See the explanation of cbove question, 48. Indus Valley Civilization, which was pliced on the Danks of the river, they were? L Sind 2. Cheb 3. Thehon, 4 Conga ‘Choose the correct anrwer from the code given below- Code : Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies B25(@ Lani? ©) 12amt3 (© 23aa4 @ Allfour UPPCS. Pre) 2009 Ans.) Geographically nus Valley Civilization war speed fom Thehure-siver to Hindon river, a tubutay of Yarmna riverin South (Alamgizpu).Iteonssted of ives like Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Jhehum, but Ganga river id not belong to this Siz John Maszhall war the Dnector Geneval of the Archaeological Survey of India fiom 1902 to 1928. He appointed Mx. RB. Dayaram Salmi, who carried out excavations in the Larkana district of Sindh province and Montgomery distict of Punjab on the right side of Ravi siver. Mr Sali dizcovesed the mine of Hasappa in 192] Mx. Rakhal Das Banerjee dug out the mins of the city of Mobenjodano in 19 49, The people of Indu valley believed in— (j) Spiuitand Brakssa —(b) Ritual (© Sacrificial system @) Mother Goddess RASIRIS. Pre) 1993 Ans) Undeciphered script of Indus civilization has attracted speculations and hypotheris. The people of ids civilization probably worshipped Mother Goddess, Lord Shiva, they May pesfonmn Yagya (ft pt found in Rajasthan and Gujarat ies) busial situa ineicaer belief in Atma or spit, evidence of| Inman sacrifice alo foun in Mohenjodan. 50. ‘The Indus valley people worshipped — 52, Two Indians who were associated with discovery of Indus Valley Civilization, are: (@) Rakbal Das Banerjee ard Dayaram Sahni (@) John Marshall an Istorari Prasad (©) Ashinwadi Lal Ssivactava and Rangnath Rao (@ Madhosamp Vat and VB.Rao Chhattisgarh PCS. Pre) 2003 An. @ See the explanation of shove question 53, Match List IwithLiet I and select the conmect anawer ‘using the codes given below the Hits: (@ Shiva (©) Indra and Varun Lit List IL (© Buia @ Vem A. Harppa LNG Majundar (1936.37) we PCS (Maing 2006 -B Hartimpur 2. John Marsall (1913-34) teraband BCS. Main Takshashih 3. Daya Ram Sahni (1923-24 & Ans. (@) 192428) Warlall Wentified the figue which Ie found dusing D. Kawhanbi 4 BB Lal (195052) excavation a; an early form of the Hindn God Shiva (or Coder: Rada) orPazlupat (ond of animals) fiom the excavationaf| A BCD Hearappa. The Peshupati sel inwhich the thee faced male @s213 God is shown siting in a yogic posture, sunounded bya} @) 1342 thino ard a buffalo on the right anclephant and atigeron] =) 3. 4-21 the lef, make the historian conchude thatthe people of those @4 132 days worshipped Lond Shiva orcylindsical stones show that UPR.OARO. Main) 2017 the people worshipped Lingam, the symbol of Lond Shiva | Ams. ©) ‘ ; soy | The comeclty matched lists a follows 51. Whewar thedirectorof hearchnesbogialexcavation | TM Ten ‘atled othe discovery ofHlarsppaandMobenjodare? | ifarappa Daya Ram Sabu (1923-24 & 192 (@) Lond Macaulay Hastinapr BB Lal(1950-5 ‘Talchachila Jol Marshall (1913-34) © Sir Jobm Marshall Kauhambi NG. Majumdar (1936-37) (© Oise 54. Whichoneof the following it not correctly matched ? @ Colonel Tad (@) Harappa ~ Daya RamSaboi RASIRTS Pr) 1997) Lotial = SR Rao Ans.) (© Suskotada = IP Joshi B26 ‘General Stier Indian History@ Dholavira - BK Taper UPP.CS. (Mains) 2006 An. @ Hlarappa was excavated by Daya Ram Salas, Lothalwasby SR. Rao and Suskolada by JP. Jochi. But Dholavira was not excavated by BK. Thapar. Instead, itwas excavated by RS. Bisht Therefore, option (d) i not comectly matched, 58, Mohenjodaro is situated inwhich of the following? (@) Gujarat state of India (©) Punjab state of Inia (© Sindh Province in Pakistan (@) Afghanistan MPPCS. Pre) 2012 Am. © 56, The first archaeologist who excavated Harps, but could not recognize its significance, was : (@) A.Canmingham ——_(b) Si John Marshall (© Mortimer Wheeler (@) George F Dales UPP.CS. (Mains) 2006 Ans. @) ‘Alexander Camingham, who headed the Archaeological Survey of India, visited this site in 1853 and 1856. Cunningham made a few small excavations atthe site and reported some diccovesies of ancient pottery, tone, tok: and stone sealbutdid notrecognize it significance. Later, Joln ‘Marshall sent Rakal Das Banerjee and Daya Ram Sahni to [begin the futher excavation of this Harappan site. Hence, option (a) isthe comect answer 56. Whe among the following; was mot associated with the excavation of Harappa and Mohenjedare? (@ RD. Banesjce (© KN Dikehit (© MS. Vat: (@ VA Smith 56> to 59° BPS.C. (Pre) 2015 An. @ Ts 1921, Daya Ram Saini auveyed Hareppa In 1926, MS. ‘Vats was associated withthe survey of Hamapa, Mohenjodaxo ras discovered in 1927y Rakbal Das Baneyjee.Inaddition| tohimy some other zcholax like KN. Dixit, Emest Mackay, Aurel Stein, A. Ghosh, JP Joshi also contributed in the discovery of this civilization Hence, it is clear that VA. Snith war not associated with the discovery of Harappan Civilization sathervar a Britich Indologict and aathictorian 57. Fromwhich one of the following phces, xemaine of wells have been found in houser belonging to the developed stage of the Indus Valley Civilization? (@) Harappa () Kalbangan (© Lothal (@) Mobenjodazo UPPCS. Pre) 2004 Ans) Remains of Well and Bathroom have been found in approximately every major city of Indus Civilization See the explanation of shove question 59, What isthe corzect chronological order in which the {following appeared in Indian ? L. Cold coine 2. Punch: mazhed sibver coine 3. Trenplough 4. Usbanculnae Select the correct annver using the codes givenbelow: @ 3412 ©3421 ©4312 @ 43.21 LAS. @re) 1998 An @ Harappan Civilization th most ancient civiization of India 4s fame forts towenplamning. Indus Valley Civilzationwwas Bronar Age Civilization The knowledge of sonwas known, mich ater afterbronze during, the Vedi period axcund 1000 BC. The fst punch-manked coincame into existence inlndia in 6 BC. Gold coine were introduced by Indo-Gaeek ress during second century BC. 60, The first metal used by man was: @) Gold © Silver (©) Copper @ ten RASIRIS. Pre)2012 Am. © Coppernvar the metal whichiras Gtwredby lumen, though there i variation in the period around the globe as faras the use of copper is concemed. 61. Anivory scale in Harappan context was found at — (@) Kalbangan ©) Lottal (© Diolavira (@ Banawali UPR.QJAR.O. (Mains) 2014 Ans.) ‘An ivory scale in the Hareppan contextwar found at Lothal Lothal isa place associated with Indus Valley Civilization, cunenly in Gujarat Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies Bat62. Which metal har so far not been discovered in. Harappansites? (a) Copper ©) Gola (© Silver @ bon Chattisgarh PCS. Pre) 2011 An @® Harappen civilization abo Known a: the Brome Age Civalization Fiom here pieces of evidence of gol, silver, copper and bras: have been found, except iton In fact, the people of Harappa were not aware of iron In India, the beginning of on Age i comiered tobe fiom the later Vedic penod (app. 1000 BC.) 63. Which one among the following sites is located in the valley of Chaggar andl its associated rivers? G@) Alamginyar () Lothal (© Mokenjodaro (@ Barawali RASIRTS Pre) 2010 An @® Banawaliis anachacologica ite belonging tolndus Valley CCivalization pesiod inFatebabad district, Haryana, Banavali is located in the valley of Ghaggar and it tributaries. Hence, option () isthe comect answer 64, Consiler the following statements and select the correct answer from the given code : 1. Mehenjodare, Harsppa, Ropar and Kaliangan ae the main sites of Inde valley civilization. People of Harappa developed the road, proper ‘housing and drainage system. 3. People of Harappa were unknown bout dhe use ‘of metal. Code (@) Land 2are comect (© 2and 3are comect (1 and 3 ae conect (@ 1, 2and 3 ar comect MPP.C.S. (Pre) 2008 Ans. @) Harappa, Mohesjodao, Ropar Lotaland Kalbanganaze he main sites of Indus Valley Civilization In this civilization, most of the cities were designed in.a grid pattem A proper drainage system was aligned along the roads, which was covered with big stones and bricks. The fomns of art were ose fiom vations site ofthis civilization inchding seals, pottery, gold omament: and necklaces. 66, Assertion(A) : Mohenjodare and Harappa cities are dead nov. Reason R) : They were divcovered duringexcavations. Inthecontextof theshove,whichoneof the following is correct? Code : (@) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) isthe comect ‘explanation of (A). (@) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) isnot the conect ‘explanation of (A) (© (Ais tue, but ) ic fe (@) (A) fale, but R) se tue UPRCS. @xe) 2009 Ans. @) ‘Mobenjodavo (now in Palistan) i in the Lankana distict of Sindh province onthe right bank of the Indus river Harappa i located in the Montgomery district of Punjab province of Pakistan. Rakhaldas Banerjee and Dayaram Sahni were the thro archacologists who excavated the iro major cities of Indus Valley Civilization. At present, these towne ae extinct, ‘Therefore, Assent (A) and Reason (R)bothare conect, but the reazon is not the conect explanation. Therefore, option @) és the comect answer 66. Fromwhere the evidence ofroch-cut architecture war ‘Sound, with reference to Harappa civilization? (@) Kalibangan (©) Dholaviza (© KotDii @ Ami UPPCS. Pre) 2006 Ans.) Dislavins, which i the second Ingest ate of Haappan Civilization in India (after Raldigarhi) is located in Ramm. of Kutch (Gujarat) RS. Bisht and his colleagues excavated this site in 1992, Dholava i one of the anoct prominent archaeological sites of Harappa which gives us important infomation about great bath and zock-cut reservoir which, vas Tmetnes deep and 79 metves long, 67. Dhobwira is located in the State @ Gujarat () Haryana (© Pamab (@ Rajasthan URPCS. (Main) 2010 An. @ See the explanation of shove question 68. Which Harappan city is divided into dee parts? @ Lottal () Kalibangan © Diolavira (@ Surkotada UPR.QJAR.O. (Mains) 2013 Am. © Dholaviza i a Harappan site located in Kutch distict of Gujarat, The toon was built in a sectangulas shape. Itwar divided into tee pars- fort, central town and lower town. B28 ‘General Studien indian History69. In which of the following site remnants of three townships lave been revealed? (@) Mohenjodaro () Sanghol (© Kak Bangan @) Diolavira (© None of the above Chhattingazh PCS. Pre) 2015 An. @ See the explanation ofthe above querton 70. A highly advanced water management system of Harappan times has been unearthed at (@) Alamginyar () Diolavira (© Kalbangan @ Lethal UPPCS. (Mains) 2010 Ans.) TFiom Dislavi, a inge Rock-catieservonri found, whose size is about S04 m 12 mand 75 meters deep, having a Inge capacity to store water People of Dholavasa were familias with the advanced water management system, ‘From the eatlietevidence, people used fo store waterin this eservoirby building dans ‘TL Which ofthe following sites has yieHed evidence of 2 double burial? (@) Kiuntasi (@) Diolavira (© Lothal (@) Kalbangan UPP.CS. (Mains) 2016 Ans) “The evidence of biple burial las been found fiom Lothal It was an important trade cente of the Hanapan culture. Its town planning was different than that of Harappa and ‘Mohenjodavo. The city was divided into six sections. Each sectionwwasbuiltona wide platfomoffbaked bricks, ad each platform is separated by a road (12 to 20). The evidence of double busal alo hac been foun fiom Kalbangan. Ifwe follow the muber of burials, option (c) will be the conect ancwrer, fre follow the evidence, both the options (c) and (@ willbe the comect answer 72. Recently, from excavations of Harappan site Sonauli what wae fond ? (@) Humanbusials (©) Animal burials (©) Residential building (@ Protecting wall UP, Lower Sud. (Pre) 2004 An. @) Sonmuli i an archaeological site located in Baraat Tele, Baghpat di-tct, Uttar Pradesh, where 125 grave: belonging to Indus Valley Civilization were found. These graves oriented ina Novth South dizecton and most ave identified 2 primary hnmanbuuials Some of the burials are fourd with animal bone: and gold, copper and bangles 73. Forelothing, cotton cultiationwas first introduced in— © Eeyet (©) Mesopotamia (© CenbalAmerica —(@) India UPPCS. (Pre) 2006 An @ Coton was Git cultivated in India for clothing. In 1922, Rakhal Das Banerjee took interest in the site of Mohenjo- Dato for excavation. Evidence of the eatliest cotton, cultivation was found by excavation in India. From India, it reached Greece where it was called ae “Hindon”. The cotton cultivation in Ii started in 3000 B C. while itwras cultivated in Egypt in 2500 B.C. 7A. Regarding the Indus Valley Civilization, consider the following statements 1 Itwaspredominantly asecuhr civilization and the _eligiour element, thoughpresent, did not dominate the scene During this period, cotton was used for mamuficturing textiles in India, Which of dhe statements given above is/are correct (@) Lonly (©) Joly (© Both] and? (@ Neither 1 nor? LAS. @re) 2011 MPPCS. Pre) 2012 Am. © Tndus Valley Civilization & considered fo be a secular civlizationveith no trace of theocratic or onganized zeligion. Cotton textiles were prodaced dung the Harappan period a: shownby artefact evidence 78. Which of the following characterizeslcharacterize the people of indus Civilization? 1. They pessessed great plces and temples. 2. They worshipped, both male and female deities. 3. They employed horse dren chariots in warfare Select the correct answer using the code givenbelow Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies B29(@ land? () Only? (© Alleftiese (@ None of these LAS. re) 2013 Ans.) Wo temple or place of worship has been found inexcavation| fiom Indus Vally Civilization till date. The only religions souuce fom this ciiizaton states made of mad and tone and seal: which were found here, By this, ti laovwn that female deities, Shiva or Pashupati ard animals like snake, clephant were worshipped. Worship of plant and trees, or inanimate stone or other cbjects inthe form of ‘Linga’ or “yon zymbols ware famous dusing that perio. 16. One of the following sites from where the famous bull seal of Indus Valley Civilizationwas found (@) Harappa (©) Chanindaro (© Lothal (@ Mobexjodazo RASIRIS. Pre) 2008 An @® Mohexjodaio is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan excavated by RD. Banesjee in 1922). From, this site, vasioussculptues, seals, pottery, gold and jewellery, have been found, But the mort fms among them i the Jmmped bull seal 77, Whichone ofthe following animale is not depicted on ‘the Harappan seal ? @) Ball () Elephant (© Hone @ Sheep UPPCS. (SpD Mains) 2009 Ans. © 79. According t the rportofIIT Kharagpurstuly grow, ‘continous low rainfall for how many years was the ‘caure of illo the Indus valley civilization? (@) 00 yeas (©) 700 yeans (© 800 yeas (@) 900 yeas (© None ofthe above/More thanone ofthe above BRS.C Pre) 2018, An @ ‘Recording fo the poms of IT Kharagpus, Ue contimous low or negligible rainfall for 900 yeass was the cause of fall, ofthe Indus Valley Civilisation Inother wants, itcanbe said that contimons daought for 900 years led the fall of Indus Valley Civilisation 80. Ahorned deity engraved ona terracotta cahe hasbeen, recovered from, (@) Banaval (0) Kalbangen © Lottal (@ Surkotada ‘UB. Lower Spl Pre) 2008 Ans.) rom excavation: at Kalbangan, a seis of “fie alla” on smd-brick platfnme were discovered. A triangular ernacotta cake found at Kalibangan ad acarving ofa homed deityon coe side and an animal (goa!) being dragged by a ope by a Jnmanon the other This chow: the way fo the emengence cof a sacifcal tradition in the enfize eva BL Which ofthe following civilizations flourished on the bankof River Nile? @ RomanCirilization () Indus Valley Civilization People of Harappa civilization were known to hones, but to pisces of evidence har been found on seals. A great majority of seals found in Indus valley civilization camry shortinceription: with pictues ofthe one-homed bull (most common), the buifalo, the tiger, the thinoceros, the goat and the elephant 78, Remains of which animal have netheen discovered in, ‘the Indus Valley Civilization? @ Lin ©) Hose © Cow (@ Elephant Chattisgarh PCS. Pre) 2011 Ans. @) ‘Arong givenoplion, te evidence of cow and elephant have [been found and there is some dispute regarding horse, but the latest excavation har revealed the evidence of hore. The ceridenceoflion iomthe excavationof Haurayan Civdization (© Greek Civilization @ Egyptian Civilization UPPCS. (Maine) 2004 An @ “Ancient Egyptian Civilization Sousched along the banks of| the River Nile for almo:t3,000 yeas Nile Riveris novenas “feline of Bgypt "The Nile ea major nosth-lowring siverin northeastern fica, generally regarded asthe ongestziverin ‘hesroxld. Ins Valley ivdization (India) and Mesopotaania (Civilization of Egypt ae the contemporary civilization 82, What ix the correct North South sequence of the ‘Biot & the come (@) Maya — Aztec — Muisea —Inca (@) Maya —Muisca —Inca ~ Azte (6) Atee ~Miuizea ~ Maya Inca (@) Aztec —Maya~_Musea —Inca tas not been mentioned anyorhere, Hence,option (a) i the UPR.O/AR.O. Pre) 2016 conect answer: An @ B30 ‘General Studien Indian History"The comect sequence of te following civilization Som North to South is: Aztec - Maya- Muiseu - Inca. The Aztec originated a: a nomadic tube in Northem Mexico, ‘The Maya Civilization centued axound tropical lowland of present Guatemala, The Muisea civilization flowsshed in ancient Colombia, whereas Inca Civilization arose fiom the highlands of Per 83, ‘The first ancient civilization to develop the art of ‘writing in a proper aystemwas? (@) Ines () Eeyot (© Sumerian @ China RAS./RTS. Pre) 1992 Ans. © People of Sumenian Civilization were the fst to develop the ant of writing in a proper system. Their primauy sept eras very simple and primitive. Cuneiformscriptof Sumeria iz generally known ar one of the eatliest syrtem of writing Vedic Age “The word "Vedic! is dexived fiom S anvlaitword "Veda which mean knowledge. The civilization that developed in India after Indus civilization is ealled Vedic or Aryan Civilization, “Arya meas Greatorhighborn Inclassic Sarclnt the word Anya mea: ~'Anoble man’. The history of Aryans is mainly Jenown fiom Vedas. Generally Aryare aze said tobe the author of the Vedas. These i a difference of opinion on the place of oniginof Aryans. Prominent stovians have different theories con the homeland of Aryaze Homeland of Aryane Scholars ‘Kaskniror Himalayaniegion [LD Kala Brabumaschi Desh P Ganganath Jha Seven Indus states Ds Avanach Chandsa Daz Devil State DS. Thivedt South Russia Gorden Childe & Neluing Central Asia Max Mller Worth Pole P.Bal Gangadhar Tilak “Tet Swami Dayanand Saraswati Hungary Gyles Gemmany Hart & Penca “Vedic Age i divided into two parts —Rigvedic or Pre-Vedic Age (1500-1000 BCE) and Later-Vedic Age (1000-600 BCE) "Eachof the Vedas ic divided into faux parts (or the zections) ‘Their conect order i Sambitas, Brakmanas, Aranyakar and Upanishads, "Samhita: and Brahmanas form the Kamaa- Kanda segment of the Vedas. *Aranyahas and Upanishads fiom the Gyan-Kandla segment of the Vedas. They explicitly focus on philosophy and spirituality *The history of Rigredic age is known fiom Rigveda. Itis the oldest krcwnbook in the ‘would but scholars have dispute over its author and period of comporition. “Irons not mentioned in Rigveda bat i found an Inter vedic Iteratuse. *Four sivexe of Afghanistan namely Krumy, Kubha, Comati and Suastu are mentioned in Rigveda, *It azo mentions seven sires of the SaptaSindin states (land of seven sivess). These aze Saranwati, Vipara, Parushui, Vitarta, Sindhu (nis), Shutudri and Azahini, River Yama and Ganga are mentioned in Rigveda three and one times respectively. "A river of Kashmir Mamdvidha i also mentioned. “River Indus ir mentioned for the most smunber of times while river Saracwati war the most sacred river whichovas known a: Matetaama’ (be:t of all mother), ‘Devitama’ (best of all goddesses) and ‘Naditama’ (best of allsives) “neus is called 'Hiranyand forits importance and the place where it fills i called ‘Peravat’ or Arabian Sea, **Gange-Yanmua doab and its adjoining areas were called 2 Bralumarshi Deshby Aryans. They gave the mame Madhya Deshto the areabetreen Himalaya and Vindhyachal mountain, ranges. Later Aryare expanded themselves to the whole of ‘Nosth Inia andthe azea come tobe lnoorn az Axyavarta Rivers of Rigvedic Age — ‘Ancient Name MedernName Kealans Chena Vipasa Bese Pancha Raa Vitae Taek Kable Eabal Kane Kuma Comat Comal Saracke ‘Swat Sedaneera Gandak Skatade Sudlj Dashivat Glagear ‘Vedic literate is also called Shruti The Vedas aze the smost ancient lteratuze in India, Theve are four Vedas Rigveda, Samveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda ‘Rigveda, Yajurveda and sarveda are also called Vedtrayi or Trayi *Each Veda: have four parts —Sambita, brakumana text, Aranyakas and Upanishad. *Rigveda has 10 mandals, 1028 suktas and 10552 verses (Richa). 2t0 7 mandals of Rigveda are known to be most ancient Rigvedic Mardals and their writes — Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies BLMandal | Writers Fist Madintchanda, Daghatama, ete Second Gitamad “Thind Virlovanita Fourth Vandeva Fah aes Sat Biaxial Seventh Vackirktha Eighth Kana & Angina Tank “angie, Kashyap, et Tah Vida Tat Indvand Shacks Shaadhaete Gayatri Mantra is mentioned in the dhird mandal It swsittenby Visloramitra [tic dicated to Lond Sun (Suaya) ‘A114 mantras inthe ninth mandal ae dedicated to Soma’ Tiuee vamas ate descubed in the beginning namely — Brahma, Kshatra and Visha. The word Skala is mentioned forthe fot tne in Pur Suhta of 10" marsdal. *The priest cof Rigveda were called Hota’. *Aitreya and Keushithi ae the tro Brahmans of Rigreda *Accoxding to Patanjali, there sue 21 branches of Rigveda *YajuivedainSarlaitmeare widomof-acifcial fommalas.” ‘This Veda, compiled a century or two after the Rig-Veda, contain: prose are verse fommlasthatvwere tobe pronounced by the priests pexouming the mamal part of the sacrifice. It describes in prose about the procedual details of pexforming Aiferent rituals and Yajnas using the hymns ofthe Rig Veda ‘The Sambitas of Yajur Veda is divided into to pats: Shukla (White Yajur Veda ae Krishna (Black) Yajur Veda Steila ‘Yajur Veda has a separate Bralunana textwnitten 2: Satapatha Brahman. *Vajameyiis the samhita of Sinkla Yajurveda "Simla Yajurvedais available only in the poetic fomwhereas Kaishma Yajurveda confains both poetic aswell as prose form, The Shatpath Bralmam is a prose text desenbing Vedic sstuas, history and mythology associated with the Yahuveda In context to Ancient Indian Vedic iteratue, ShatpathBralimana has been placed jst afer the Rig Veda Italso deseubes social subjects inckuding Vedic rituals." Purutha Meda’ as been, smentioned inShatpath Brahmana. *The Shatapatha Brahmara nantes the story of King Videgha Madhava (aking of Videha) accompanied by his priest Rishi Cautama Reugana. King war canying fre (Agni Vaisvanaza) in hic mouth which om incitation of his gum fells out of his mauth and bumed the cant toads his ect The Samaveda is shortest among all the four Vedas. It is closely connected with the Rig Veda. It has taken many verses fiom the Rig Veda. The Samaveda is compiled for situa application and all its vere: are meant tobe chante in. ceremonies. *Samaveda Samhita convict of total IS7S verses. Amongst these except 75 or 99 verses, all are compiled in Rig Vela "Priest Chanting manta: were called Brahma in Aduavaveda, ‘The fst reference to the ‘Aga’ and ‘Magadha’ i found in the Atharvavedavrhere they are mentioned along vith Gandhi and Mujavat. Inthe post-Vedic peiod, ths region of Kum & Panchalasvas convidesed asthe axis of Azyan caltise became here gyeat achievements happened in science, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy. **Ayunveda’ that is ‘Science of Life’ appeared fist in Atharvaveda. Ayurveda is an Upaveda of Atharvaveda. It is also considered a Upanga of Atharvaveda, Athavaveda devesiber the thoughts and superstition: of common people. It comprises of various contents such as disease prevention, coordination, loyalty, smaniage and love pocty. *The Gopatha Brahman i the only Bralunana acsociated with the Athaavaveda, It isa gene of the prose texts deseubing the Vedic rituals The Upanishad Lterahuze is not a religions zcxipture but sepresents aplule:ophry forall times and forall The philosophy cof Upanishads does not oppose any school of though religion orinterpretation of the scripture: butt: method for explaining its concept: is unique. *The word salvation or Moksha is not used in Vedas. Itwas fistly discussed inUpanishads. *Mokcha smesny “beration”” The confimous cycle of life and death, i not the actual aim of the Inman soul, “According to the Upanishads, the core of our selfie not the bedy ox the mind Dut the Atman (Soul. “"Kathopanishad is the story of the conversation between, ‘Yama, Lovd of deathand Nachiketa, the young 12 years oldboy who left home in searchof the meaning of death and beyord ‘This forme the subject matter of one ofthe Upanishads called Katha Upanishad or Kathopanizha. The phuare "Satyameva Jayate" is @ Sarslait word taken fiom the ‘Mundahepanishad’ The meaning of the word i “truth alone triwmmph.” It war adopted az the national motte of din It ic inribed in the script atthe base ofthe national emblem. Itoras adopted by the Govemmment of India 0226 Jamuary, 1960, *Satyahama Jabal is aboy, ae later B32 ‘General Studien indian Historya Vedic sage, who fst appears inchapter IV of ancient Hindu text, the Chlandogya Upanishad. *The pluase “Taso Ma Jyotirgamaya” is originally mentioned in Brhadaranyaka Upanichad. This phraze means - “lead w fromm darhness to light or lead us from ignorance to truth” ‘*Puramae ase the sacred lteratize of Hindizin. There aze 18 Puuanas namely, (1) Matsya Parana (2) Maskandeya Parana (3) Bhagavat Parana (4) Bhavishya Puzana(5) Brahmanda Parana (6) Brahma Vaivzata Purana (7) Brahma Purana (8) Vamana uzana (9) Varaha Posana (10) Viskon Purana (1) Vayu Parana (12) Ags Pusana (13) Narada Pusama (14) Padma Pasana (15) Linga Pasana (16) Ganda Pazana (17) Skanda Parana (18) Kuuma Pusana, "Out of theze 18 Puranas, Suimad Bhagratam 4 comvidesed ar the ‘Crown Jewel’ of all the Vedic literatuze **Shuimad Blagwad Cita wa: originally written in Sarclit language oftensefered inshorta: Git There ae TOO verses in ‘his Hinds seiptue aa thie the pautof the epic Mababbarata, “Mahabharata originally has only 8,800 Shlokas and its original name i ‘Jaya’ or Jayatambita,*Malabharata today thas 100,000 Shlokas and ic believed to be wiitin by Sage ‘Veda Vyasa. *Puramas have five charecevstics ike Saga, Pratisaga, Vana, Manvantara and Varshamichasita, Among these, Sarga and Pratisarga are the matual creation and zenovation (comogony). *Vana means the history ofSage and God. *Mamrantarais meant forthe period of different Mam and Vanshamcharit means Genealogy of kings. *Pancha-Jana iggested five specific tber whose eponymous ancestor: weie the founders of the clans, namely Yadu, Turvasa, Drubya, Armand Puru.*There i an ancient story mentioned in the Rig ‘Veda called the Dasharajnya or “War of 10 Kinga’ long befine ‘Ramayana, Thre live adezcenelantof odin: eponymoxs king Bharata, named Suds. The greatestachievement of Sudas was his thumping victory over a confederacy of ten kings "Many hye ofthe Rig Veda were composed by women and they were called Brahmavadini. The prominent amongst them ‘ere Lopamadra, Vishneswara, Sihta, Nivavariard Chesa Lepanmadra wa: the wife of Agnctya Rishilsage ‘Family or Kul was the smallest nit of Rigvedie society *Griha word is used for family. *Rigvedic society was a atrinchalsociety. It: known fiom Varun sulta that father ‘cansell hi chill. *Tlhe word ‘Yava’ mentioned in Rig Veda i ‘used for the food grain barley. The gold necklace was called a: ‘Nisha’ TTennt of Rigvedic period wl their meaning — Te Clothes wom below waist Var Clothes wom above walt Teka Caspeniter Kama Metalvrorker Velnat Moneylender ae Boatman "The religion of early Vedic Aryans was mainly related to wouhip of the mature and pexforming of Yajnas. *The most interesting azpect of Rig Vedic seligion wa: its polytheietic character invwhich a munber of Gods were worshipped. The Rig Vedic Aryans worshipped mature with intense feeling and endowed itwith animated soul, Vedic Gods exe mainly classifed into thee groupr- (1) God of siy-Vanuna, Mitta, Suaya, Viskun, ete. (2) God of space- Indza, Rud, et. (3) God of earth: Agni, Brihaspati, Soma, ete. *Inudra’ has been described as the mast powenfl deity in the Rig Veda. ‘Indra’ i called Purandara Destroyer of forts), Very lange mnber of Rigvedic hymns (as maxima as 260 hymns) ae devoted to him followed by ‘Agni’ (200 hymm). *Beghax-K inscription (Asia Minor, Taskey) is important because there is mention of fous Vedic Gods, ramely Indra, Varuna, Mitra and Nasatyas. “According to ancient Hind scriptures, dusing ‘Vedic period, the ‘Hind tradition recognized four stager oF aehvams in inman life namely Brakmacharya, Cribastha, ‘Vanaprastha and Sanyasa.*In the context of ancient Indian society, Varsha, Got and Kula are the wonds associated with, the family system. The word "Kesa’ is related tothe treasury “As a Rigvedic tem, Gotra simply means “cow shelter” or “herd of coe”, *Cow was comidered a: “Aghanya” during Vedic period “Aghanya” means not worthy to be killed. This statis of the cov shows that how pious itwas considered during the Vedic pesiod. *Cattle breeding was the mo:t important economic activity ofthe Rigvedic people. Prayers were offered to increase the munber of catlle.Itsvaz medium of exchange. *Cow i comsidered as a deity in some suktas of Rig Veda ‘Dieu and Rita in the Vedic period appear as early asthe Rig Veda. Usally, Dharma signifies cosmic ordinance often dn connection with the sence of natual or divine la. “Rita ae sich clorely related fotnivescal Inumony inwhichall things in the world lave a proper place and fiction *The concept of Rit’ ie. universal principal of natural order, is of Vedic Inlian Hitory ‘General Studies B33origin. The “Rit haz been the basis of Indian cultse, legal theory, politic and philosophy. *Ged Varunawwas supposed to ‘uphold ‘Rit’or the natal order thats why he was ao called a: ‘Ritssyagepa’ "Most popular and prevalent ystemof govemance during the Vedic eravras inherited monarchy. Altkoughsome examples of clectionby the people were also found but the general interest cof the public was towands monauchy. *Dusing the Vedic era, the broinetiteton: namely ‘Sabha’ and the ‘Samiti’ has been mentioned as the contolling poorers upon the autocracy of the king. *The ‘Sabha’ war the accembly of the learned anc clite ones, while the ‘Samiti war the accembly of the common, people in the state ‘The distinction between Sabha and Samiti cammot be made outwith precision butitis clear that ‘Sabha’ and ‘Samiti’ ae clearly mentioned atleasteight times and sx times respectively in the Rigaveda acconding to Atharvaveda, Sabha and Samiti ‘Nane of ings lowing tersitoris indifferent ection Eat Samrat Wet Swrarat afoxth Vat South Bhoj Cente Raja "Bal Cangadhar Tilak in his book “The Arctic Home in the Vedas’ propounded the theory that North Poe (Arctic region) was the orginal lome of Aryans. "Although this thory of Tak 5 rot acceptable to historian, 1. The term ‘Aryan’ denotes : (@) Ametinic group (b)_ Arnomaale people (© Aspeechgrup (8) Arupesior race LAS. @re) 1999 UPPCS. Pre) 1999 An @ “Aaya a lena meaning Tobe whichwas wed w aselh designation by Indo-Iranian people. In classic Sanclait the sue the we daughters of Prajapati word Aaya means~'A nobleman! The woud was used bythe ass see ptople of the Vedic pesod in India as an etimic label or Seman Head of emmy thesncelres se vellas to refer noble clas. Scholar pointout Grassi Head of Village ‘hat evenin arien! times, he idea of being an‘Anyan! was Taksta Wife of fang religions, cultural an linguistic, not racial Sata Head of Chaiotamy 2 Mendagef do tee ‘Arye’ nce Somos Semgialite [Teer (@) Believer ofthe God Bhagidh | Tax collector @) Abereditay cast ‘icharep | Recount (©) Abeleverin paticularsligion Palagel Messenger @ ANoble man Tlate ‘Keeper of the King’s howehold ‘UP. Lower Sub. Pre) 1998 ‘There aze ftal siteen Sanshare that have been described, ‘Thuee aze performed before bisth, trelve during life and fone after death It seme that Upnayan Sanchar is the most important and commonly performed besides the wedding ceremony ard ital after death The sixteen Sanclaras are 2: follow:- Carbhadhana (Conception), Puntavana (Foote protection), Simantonnayana (Satisfying the cravings of the pregnant mothe), Jatakarma (Clilabisth), Namakaran, (Taming the child), Nishhramana (Taking the child coutdoots for the frst time), Anmaprasana (Giving solid food), Mundan (Hair cutting), Karnavedhaa (Ear piercing), Vidhyaranbha (Stating education), Upanayama (Sacred thea ceremony), Vedarambha (Study of Vede:), Keshant(Haircu), Samawartana (Retuming home aftercompletionofeducation) Vivaka (Mariage) ard Antyesthi (Cremation). An @ See the explanation of shove question 3. Which one of the following is oldest Veda : (2) Yajurvedal () Rig Veda (© Samaveda (@) Athavaveda Uttarakhand P.C.S, (Pre) 2010 UPPCS. Pre) 1995 Uttarakhand UD.A/L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 Ans.) Th Indian Merahae, Vedar are the mort sient senphues which are four in mubers, ramely Rig Veda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda. Rig Veda isthe mostimportant and oldest among all these 4. Trayi' isa same for (@) Thuee Vedas (&) Dhauma, Sangha and Buddha (© Thuee Gods in Hina Pantheon Bae ‘General Studien indian History@ Thre seasons UPPS.C.(GIC)2010 Ans. (@) TRig Veda, Yajurveda an Samaveda ae called Vedaayi or simply Thay. Tnwhich Vedic text the texm ‘Varna’ ie found referred fox the frst time? (@) Rig Veda (©) Atharvaveda (©) Samaveda (@ Yajurveda Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012 Ans. (@) “The ‘Varna have been known fiom Rig Veda since a hyamn in he Rig Veda portrays the Bralumin Pies), the Kchaiya (aobla), the Vaishya (commmones) and the Slndsa (exvant) ‘ented forth exeation fromthe mouth sum, thigh and the fect of the primeval person (Pumsha). Although the literal meaning of the word Vara is colour orclazs (in ancl), 6. The ‘Purush Suhta’ related to Varna System ie originally found in— (@) Athavareda () Samaveda (© Rig Veda @ Marnsriti (© None of these Chhattingarh PCS. (Pre) 2014 Ans © See the explanation of hove question 17. Match the following: List I List. A RigVeda 1. Musical hymns B. Yajuveda 2, Hy and rituals © Samaveda 3, Charme and spelle D. Adaavaveda 4. Hymn and prayers Code : A BoC OD @4 213 ®3 2 41 © 4 1 23 @2 3 14 UPP.CS. Pre) 2003 UPUDAJLD.A. Pre) 2002 An. @) Rigveda comist of 1028 Kymue and 10552 mantis ‘Yajuveda contains the description of stobas and rituals ‘The Samaveda consists of many hymme: which ave taken. fiom Rig Veda are are indeed lyscal and melodious. The Atharvaveda contain: a lot of knowledge of the phyzical roxld and spinal. 9. InRig Veda there are... mantras — (@ 1028 © 1017 © 128 @ 1020 attsgathP.CS. Pre) 2011 Am.) See the explanation of shove question 10. The Rig Veda is the @) Collectionofhymm: (b) Collection of stories (© Collectioncfworls _ (@) Textof war UP RO/ARO. Pre) 2016 An. @) "The Rig Veda is an ancient collection of Vedic Sanslait lhymue. It consists of thousands of sich bya of several seen, each hymn averaging around ten vere: Itis one of the four canonical sacred texts (Shui of Hinduism known a: Vedas.” ‘A.Adurvaveda 1. God Grace B.RigVela 2, Sacrifice process © Yajuveda 3. Medicine D.Samaveda 4 Mure Code A BOC OD @3 12 4 ®1 23 4 © 2 3 41 @3 4 1 2 MPPCS. Pre) 1999 Ans. @) “The coneclly watched let sw follows ~ Atarvaveda = Medicine RigVeda == God Grace Yajuveda = Sacrifice process Samareda = Mavic 8. Match List-Iwith ist I and select the correct anmwer from the codes given below : LL, Match the List I and List Il and choose your anewer Inlian Hitory B35A BoC OD @e a wi Oa ww wi © we io @i a ow RASRTS Pre) 2013 Ans © “The coneclly matched onder Rig Veda = Aiteriya Samaveda Panchvisha ‘Atharvaveda Gopatha Yajurveda Shatpatha 12, Which one of the following Brakunana texts belongs to the Rigveda? (@) Aitareya Brahmana (>) Gopatha Bralimana (© Shatapatha Brakumana (@) Taithtiya Brahmara MPPC.S. (Pre) 2017 Ans. @) See the explanation of shove question 13. ‘Gopatha Brakmana’ is associated with — (@) Yajurveda () Samveda (© Athavareda (@) Rig Veda UPRO/AR.O Pre) 2014 Ans. © “The Gopatha Brahmanais the only Bialnana, age of the prose texts desenbing the Vedic rituals, associated with the ‘Athazvaveda. The testis acrociated withboth the Shmanaka, and the Paippalada recensions of the Atharvaveda 14 Whichof the followingia Sambitn of Sukh Yajuaveda? (a) Vajacanansi (0) Maitayani (©) Taitiniya (@ Kathake UPP.CS. Pre) 2018 Ans. (@) “There are two branches of Vopurveda-Sinikla Vapurveda and Keisha Yajurveda, Vejacnami is the Samhita of Slukla ‘Yajurveda Sina Yajurveda is available only in the poetic form whereas Kuishna Yajurveda contains both poetic as rel as prose fou. TRig Vedais the olest Veda. tcompases of 10 Mandal. The 9° Mandal of Rig Veda comprises 114 mantras dedicated to Soma” 16, Theninthmandah of the Rig Veda devoted wholly to: (@) Inve and his elephant (@) Urvashi and the Heaven (© Gods related to plants and drugs (@) ‘Som’, the god who is mamed after the dink 40- BPS.C. (Pre) 1995 An @ See the explanation of cbove question V7, Rights and Rifvals related to Yainae are mentioned in— (@) Rig Veda (©) Samaveda (© BrahminGranthas — (@) Yanuveda RASIRTS Pre) 1999 An @ ‘YauuvedainSamlaitmeans Wadomol secnical toms” ‘This Veda, compiled a century or two after the Rig-Veda, contain: prose and verse formulae thatere tobe pronounced by the priests penforming the mamal pat of the sacrifice. It describes in prose about the procedural details of pexforming Aiferentsituals and Yajnas using the hymns ofthe Rig Veda, ‘The Sambutes of Yajur Veda ae divided into bro pats: Sina corvhite Yajr Veda and Krishna orblack Yajur Veda Sina ‘Yajur Veda has a separate Brakmama text writin as Satapatha, Brahmana whereas the Kvishna Yajur Veda has the Bralmana, prose discussions 18. Which one of the following four Vedas contains an account of magical charms and spell? (@) Rig Veda (©) Yauveda (© Atharvaveda (@ Samaveda Sharkhand PCS. (Pre) 2011 Am. © “The eailiest deseaiption of chanas and spells canbe found in Athavareda, 15, Which Mandah of Rig Veda is completely dedicated ‘Soma’ 19, Thecompihtionofwhichamong the following iebared ‘won the Rig Veda? (@) Seventh Mandala (b) Eighth Mandala © Yeuvets () Samaveda (© Ninth Mandala (@ Tenth Mandala (© Atharvaveda (@ None of the above 4 BPS.C Pre 1997 UPPCS. Pre) 1997 Ame © Ans. @) B36 ‘General Studies Tinian History