Internet and Open source

Open source software.

 Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available and licensed
with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the
software to anyone and for any purpose.
Free software

 Free software is computer software that gives users the freedom to run the software for any
purpose as well as to study, modify, and distribute the original software and the adapted versions
OSS and FLOSS

 Free and open-source software (FOSS) is computer software that can be classified as both free
software and open source software.
 That is, anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way and the
source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the
software.
Proprietary software

 Proprietary software or closed source software is computer software licensed under exclusive
legal right of the copyright holder with the intent that the licensee is given the right to use the software
only under certain conditions, and restricted from other uses, such as modification, sharing, studying,
redistribution, or reverse engineering.
FSF

 FSF Stands for free Software foundation.

 which promotes the universal freedom to create, distribute and modify computer software, with
the organization's preference for software being distributed under copyleft ("share alike") terms, such as
with its own GNU General Public License
 The FSF was incorporated in Massachusetts, USA, where it is also based
WIPO
World Intellectual Property Organization
 Intellectual property, very broadly, means the legal rights which result from intellectual activity in
the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields.
 Countries have laws to protect intellectual property for two main reasons.
 One is to give statutory expression to the moral and economic rights of creators in their creations
and the rights of the public in access to those creations.
 The second is to promote, as a deliberate act of Government policy, creativity and the
dissemination and application of its results and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to
economic and social development.
 Intellectual property law aims at safeguarding creators and other producers of intellectual goods
and services by granting them certain time-limited rights to control the use made of those productions.

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 The Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), concluded in
Stockholm on July 14, 1967 (Article 2(viii)) provides that “intellectual property shall include rights relating
to:
o literary, artistic and scientific works,
o performances of performing artists, phonograms and broadcasts,
o inventions in all fields of human endeavor,
o scientific discoveries,
o industrial designs,
o trademarks, service marks and commercial names and designations,
o protection against unfair competition,
o All other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic.

Advantages of WWW

 Availability of mainly free information

 Low cost of initial connection
 Reduces the costs of divulgation
 The same protocol of communication can be used for all the services
 Facilitates rapid interactive communication
 Facilitates the exchange of huge volumes of data
 Facilitates the establishment of professional contact
 No barriers to divulgation
 Facilitates access to different sources of information, which is continuously up-dated
 Facilitates management of companies information system
 It is accessible from anywhere
 It has become the global media

Telnet:
Telnet is a toll that is used for Remote Login.Remote Login is a process of logging in to a system which is at
a remote location.
Webservers: The term web server, also written as Web server, can refer to either the hardware (the
computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be
accessed through the Internet.
URL.

 Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator (URL) it is the global address of documents and other
resources on the World Wide Web.
 The first part of the URL is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and the
second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the
resource is located.
 The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.

How ecommerce Works?

Customer
Customer is the Key Entity in Online Business

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Website

 E-Commerce transaction can happen through a website. The next important entity of online
business.
 Your visitors are constantly sending and receiving information over the internet from their
computer to your web server.
 An ecommerce transaction would send credit card data to perform a transaction.

SSL Certificate

 While most data can flow freely, we want to be sure the credit card data is transmitted safely.
 So it is encrypted as it is sent to keep prying eyes from seeing it.
 An SSL Certificate is what accomplishes this task.

Online Gateway

 The gateway is the "middle-man" that allows a website to send data to a merchant (credit card)
account.
 The website sends the credit card data to Authorize.net, who performs a live check on the card and
received a charge authorization (or decline).
 This information is passed back through to the website.

Merchant Account

 A merchant account allows your business to accept credit cards.

 We have partnered with First Data, Amercia's leading processor, to offer preferred rates to our
customers.

Bank Account

 The money paid is deposited to your bank account within a few days!

Ecommerce and types:

E-commerce strands for doing online business is called as E-commerce.
E-commerce is broken four main categories: B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C.
 B2B (Business to Business):- This includes companies doing business to each other. Such as
manufacturer selling to distributors etc.
 B2C (Business to Consumer):- This includes business between companies selling tothe general
public through catalogs, Ads etc
 C2B (Consumer to Business):- This includes a business deal between consumer andcompanies. A
consumer posts his project with a set budget online and companies bid on the project. The consumer
reviews the bid and selects the company that willcomplete the project.
 C2C (Consumer to Consumer):- This includes business between consumers with some source like
free classifieds, auctions etc.

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services of e-commerce.

 Online reservation.
 Online shopping.
 Buy your books.
 Filling tax returns.
 Online banking
IPR in India.

 Intellectual Property Rights

 The importance of intellectual property in India is well established at all levels- statutory,
administrative and judicial.
 India ratified the agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO).
 This Agreement, inter-alia, contains an Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS) which came into force from 1st January 1995.
 It lays down minimum standards for protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in
member countries which are required to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual
property rights with a view to reducing distortions and impediments to international trade.
 The obligations under the TRIPS Agreement relate to provision of minimum standard of protection
within the member countries legal systems and practices.
 The Agreement provides for norms and standards in respect of following areas of intellectual
property

 Patents
 Trade Marks
 Copyrights
 Geographical Indications
 Industrial Designs

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