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iv t where I, and I, are the principal moments of inertia, x’ and ¥ are the principal coordinates of the point at which the stress f, is calculated, and M, and M, are the moments about the respective principal axes 1 and 2 due to the eccentrically applied load P, A is the cross sectional area of the single angle. Concerning I,, I, and A, the gross or net values are to be galculated for the corresponding welded or bolted ends respectively. The application of Eq. 2.4 will lead to high stresses reaching 2.5 times the stresses resulting from Eqs. 2.1 and 2.2. This calculation seems to lead to an over stressed state, but fortunately this is not true. The load being applied to the member, as shown in Fig. 2.7.a, coinciding on the gage line of the fasteners, localized yielding will start at point (A), remaining constant at the outer edge and then penetrating the section. Edge (B) is in compression, and as the yieldingej CHAFTER 2 : 67 progresses across the section, there are redistribution of stresses util the entire section is plastified. Deflection of the tensicn member will occur in a direction such that its centroidal axis will tend to approach the loading axis. This will reduce the bending stresses. Gibson has shown that when the ultimate lsad is approached, the centroidal axis coincides with the loading axis over most of the length of the member. -(a) Distribution of Stresses. 7 _...(b) Typical Configuration. Fig. 2.7 Eccentrically Loaded Angle.” As a good approximation, the E.C.P. 2001 Clouse 9.2.2.3-1 require the following :— i - Single angles, Channels and T-section. For single angle sections connected through one leg only, single cheanel sections connected only through the web, and T-sections connected only through the flange (see Fig. 2.8), the ea should be taken as the net area of the connected effective leg, plus :he area of the unconnected leg multiplied by = 23