IEEE Std €37.111-1999 (Revision of EEE Sta G57.11%-1981) IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power Systems Sponsor Power Systems Relay Committee of the IEEE Power Enaineering Society Approved 18 March 1999 IEEE-SA Standards Board “Abstract: A common format for data filo and exchange medium used for the interchange of vari- ‘ous types of fault, test, or simulation data for electrical power sysiems is defined. Sources of tren- ‘sient data are described, and the case of diskettes as an exchange medium is recommended. Jpouco of oampling ralee, fiters, and ample rate conversions for transient data being exchanged are discussed. Files for data exchange are specified, as is the organization of the data. A sample file is given. Keywords: configuration flo, cata file, neader fe, information file, transient data. ‘The Insttue of Eletial and Electronics Engineer, inc. 3 Bark Avenva, Hew York, NY 10916-2987, USA CCopyiight © 1903 by ne InsuuNeoF Era a Cletonise Engines oe IMT fers reserved. Publshed 15 October 1899, Printed In re Unted Sales of Americ. Print’ (SBNO-Tam1-1566-1 SHe4749 Por ISBNO-7381-1607-x S854749 Mo pert of tis pubeation nay bo rprocicd in any frm. nan electronic rival system or otherwise, without fe pir tenten permission ofthe pubisher.IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Com- mittee of the IEBE Standards Associetion (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The stindards COMTRADE wes the symbol to represent a data separator terminating the end of a line ors setof data, The delimiter is the combination of «wo ASCII formatting characters: CR = carriage return takes the cursor or insertion point back to the beginning of the current line. LF ine feed moves the cursor or insection point to e new Line befow the current line. ‘The symbols “<" and “S" surrounding the CR/LF are used to delineate the delimiter from the nearby text in the standard and are nt pat of the delimiter. In most present-day computer programming or spplica- tion environments, the two-ctaracter combination is automatically genecated when the return or “ENTER™ key is pressed Copyright © 1996 IEEE. Al sghts reserved. 3fe Sid €97.111-1009 IEEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR 2.4.2 Comma delimiter ‘The comma is used as a delimiter for data entrica within » sample in COMTRADE configuration (CFO), information (INF), and ASCII format data (DAT files. 24.3 Fleld lengths Field lenglls ate specified (ur uauy alplabedea! os numerical varlables in she COMTRADE standard, These limitations were specified to simplify reading lines of data coniaining many variables. For integer numeric variables, the maximum Geld lengih is one character longer than required to hold the maximum. value for that field: This extra character space is allowed for a leading minus for signed numbers and to allow the application of simple programming techniques that auomatically print the lesding space, even for unsigned ‘numbers. The G-character and 10-character field lenges for data, time stamps, and sample mumters used in ‘earlier revisions of COMTRADE ate reiained for backward compatibility 2.5 Floating point notation Real numbers may be stored in several ways. Numbers of limited range can be entered as ¢ numeric string ‘with a decimal point. For larger or smaller numbers, any reasonable limit on string length leads to a loss of resolution. In such cases, itis desirable to store the number in a format allowing use of a repreventation of the significant digits (mantisst) and a multiplier (exponent) format. Spreadsheets and other mathematical prograns often use Noating point notation to represent such numbers. COMTRADE allows the use of float ing point notation (Kreyscig (7) to represent real numbers for conversion factors in the .CFG file. The terms exponential notation or scientific aotation are sometimes used for this form and interpretations of the form vary. Since programs dosigned to road COMTRADE files must be able to recognize and interpret nun- bers represented in this format, one single format is defined here. The numbers shall be interpreted and dis- played as fellows. ‘Asigned fcating point value consists ofan optional sign (+or~) and series of decimal digis containing an ‘piouel devin poin, Alowed by au epuuuel exponemt Meld hat COMtNS ihe eMarACIET © EEO lowed by an optionally signed (+ or~) integer exponent. The exponent is factor of base 10, 0 372 means 3 multiplied by 100 (104) or 300. Comect interpretation of negative numbers and negative exponents requires the inclusion ofthe nagatve ign. For positive numbers or exponents the sign ie optional and ie assumed if absent. ‘The format shall be written as: (eldarJedaaprts}aay where — Square brackets surround any optional item. — *a' represents any numeral peswoen 0 and 9. — Atleast one numeral must appear in the field. — Ifthe decimal point appears, at least one numeral must appear to the left end right — Thecharacter''e" or “E" represents “exponential” with base 10, — IC the exponential sign appears, it mast be followed! by at least one numeral, the intervening plus! ‘minis sign is optional if positive, but must be "+" or ™ ‘The numeric value following “E” must be an integex 4 Copyright 1900 IEEE. A Fgh caer vodhIEEE. “TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS, suoa.ss4900 Examples: Acceptable 1B2 (= 100) 1.2384 (= 12 300) (O.1ZHSE-S (= 0.0000012345) =1.234582 (=-123.45) Unacceptable 123 (one numeral ruust precede decimal) 1236 (at least one numeial must follow “ 40.1234 (plus/minus signs make the value indeterminate) (0.12384 (space before “E” not allowed) 2.6 Methods of accessing data in files ‘The ewo dffeentmediods used wo access txtand data les are random aecess and sequential order. 2.6.1 Random access files Data within random access files can be rerieved or stored in any random sequence. The access time foreach record is independent of the location of the data, Each data field has 4 specific address that ean be used for reading or writing. COMTRADE does not use random acces: files 2.62 Sequential files Sequential files are accessed by ceading or writing each data field in sequence. Individual data fields have no specific address and their position in the file i relative 1 the other variables. Tae exact byte-cour: position in the file is éependent on the length ofthe preceding variables. COMTRADE uses sequential files 2.7 Primary to secondary ratios ‘The devices used to measure and resord events on a high voltage system are not capable of accepting the high voliage and high currents of the power system directly. These devices are built accept inputs in more manageable and less dangcvous levels, termed secondary quantities. Voltage transformers and current trans- formers are used 10 reduce the voltage and current signals en the power system to these lower values. The trarsformer ratios are chosen so that when the power system is runing at the rated or nominal primary ‘value, the secondary value is at the nominal secondary value. The retio is specified in primary-secondary order, the convention belng that the primary Is closesc tp the source of pover. Primary ratings are avaiable for all common voltages and load values on the pover system. Common values forthe seconcary values are in the region of 70 V line-to-ground, and 1 A or 5 A. IEBE Std C57-|3-1993[B6] specifies the description sand rating ofthese transformers. ‘Thus, for a current transformer applied to a feeder and rated at 800:5, the secondary current willbe at the nominal 5 A value only when the primary load curent is $00 A. Lower values of load result in correspond ingly lower values of secondary current. For three-phase applications, voltage transformers are normally rated in phase-to-phase voltage values rather than phose-to-ground, The output of a voltage trarsformer rated at 345 kV:120 V will be 120 V phase-to- Copyright© 1898 IEEE. A rights reserved.wee SH.C97.111-1999 IEEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR pase (T0 V phase-to-gcound) only when the primary system ghase-to-phase voltage is 345 KY. The term Tine-ccline is used interchangeably with phase-o-phase, and similarly ine-o-ground instead of phase-to- sound, 3. COMTRADE Files Each COMTRADE record has 2 set of up to four files associated with it (sce Clnuse2.). ach of the four files-carries a different cass of information. The four files areas follows a) Header; b) Configuration; ©) Data; and 8) Information. All fils in the set must have the same filename, differing only by the extensions that indicate the type of files, Tile mumes ure fn Ue fans AXaAnnanyyy. The anaaaans yoution is the name used to identify the record (e.g,, FAULT] or TEST_2). The yyy portioa of the file name is used to identify the type of file and is known 1s the extension; HDR forthe header fle, CEG for the configuraticn file, .DAT for dat files), and INF for the information fle. The file names must follow the IRM compatible DOS (MS-DOS Version 6 Operating ‘System User's Guid> [B8]) conventions for legal characters within the ile names (e-g., pesiods and spaces are not allowed as part of the fle name). The file names are limited wo eight characters and extensions are limited to three characters, 3.1 Header file (xxx00xxx. HDR) ‘The header file is an optional ASCIL text file created by the originator of the COMTRADE das, typically through the use of e word processor program. The data is intended to be printed and read by the user. Ine creator of the header file can include any information in any order desired. Examples of informetion £0 include are given in subclause 4.1. The header file format is ASCIL, 8.2 Configuration file (o00o00x.CFG) ‘The configuration file is an ASCII text file intended to be read by 2 computer program and, therefore, must be saved in a specife format. The configuration file containe information needed by a computer program in ‘order to properiy interpret the data (.DAT) fle, Tais information includes items such as sample rates, nurnber of channels, line frequency, channel information, etc (One field in the first line of te configuration file identifies the yeer of the COMTRADE standard revision ‘vith which the fle complies (¢.g., 1991, 1999, et.) IF this fled Is not preseat or itis empty, then the leis ‘assumed to comply with the criginal issue ofthe standard (1991). The configuration file also contains afield that identifies whether the companion datafile is stored in ASCIT or binary format. Deals of the exact con- tent and format of the configuration file are given in Clause 5. ‘The configuration file can be created with a word processing program or by a computer prograin chat creates ‘the confignration file frem the data thet is the source of the transient rezord. If a word processor is used to ‘create the configuration file, it must save the data in ASCII text file format. 6 Gonyright © 1909 IEEE. al rents resorvec.eee TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEUS eis097.111 1209 3.3 Data file (oxox. DAT) ‘The data file contains the value for each input channel for each sample in the record. The number stored for ‘sample is a scaled version of the value presented tothe device that sampled the input waveforis. The stored data may be either 2er0-based or it may have a zero offee!. Zero-hased data spans from a negative numbe: to ‘positive number (e.g..~2000 to 2000). Zero-offset numbers are al positive with a positive number chosen 10 represent zero (€.., 0 t0 4000, with 2000 represcating zero). Conversion factors specified in the configu- ration file define how to convert the data values to engineering units, Tae datafile also contains a sequence number and time stamp for each sot of samples. In addition to daw representing analog inputs, inputs that represent on/off signals are also frequently recorded. These are often referred 10 as digital inputs, digital channels, digital sub-chantels, event inpats, logicinputs. binary inputs, contact inputs, or stars inputs In this staclerd, thie type of input ie referred to a6 1 status input. The slate ofa status input is represented by a number “I” or “0” in the data file, ‘The data files may be ineither ASCII or binary format—s field in the configuration files indientes which for- mat is used. A detailed description of the data file format is given in Clause 6. 3.4 Information file (o000000.INF) ‘The information file is an optional file containing extra information that, in addition to the information required for minimum application of the data set, file originatars may wish to make available o users. The ‘otmat provides for public information that any user can read and use, and private information that may be accessible only to wsers of a particular class or manufacturer. The information file will be described in dela in Clause 7. 4, Header file ‘The header file isn ASCT! text file for the storage of supplementary narrative information, provided for the user to beiter understand the conditions of the transient record. The header file is not intenced to be manipu- lated by an applications program. 4.1 Content t ples of fformation that may Le igclaed a Wie icaues Sle wie as follows. 2) Description of the power system prior to disturbance; b) Name of the station; ©) Identification of the line, transformer, reactor, capacitor, or circuit breaker that experienced the ransicat; 4d) Length of the faulted Hines 1¢)__ Positive and zero-sequence resistance and reactance, capacitances f) Mutual coupling between parallel lines 2) Locations and ratings of shunt reactors and series capacitors; fh) Nominal voltage ratings of transformer windings, especially the potential and current transformers; ) ‘Transformer power ratings and winding connections; J) Parameters of the system behind the nodes where the data was recorded (equivalent positive: and zero-sequence impedance of the sources); Conyrioht @ 1900 IEEE. Al hts race)IEEE Sid C97.111-1909 IEEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR k)_Descciption of how the data was obtained, whether itwas obtained at a utility substation or by simu- lating a system condition on a computer program such as an electro-magnetic transient program (EMP): 1) Deseciption of the enti-liasing fiters used; rm) Description of anslog mimic circuitry; 1) The phase sequencing of the inputs; and ©) Number of dises ox whit We revurd is sued. 4.2 Filenames Header flenames shall have the HDR extension to distinguish ther fiom the configuration, data, and infor ration files in the same set and to serve as a convention thats easy to remember and identity, 4.3 Format ‘The header file stall be a freeform ASCH text file of any length. 5, Configuration file ‘The configuration file is an ASCII text fle that provides the information necessary for « human or a com- puter program to read and interpret the data values in the associsted data files. The configuration Mle is in & predefined, standardized format so that a computer program does not have to be customized for each config- uration ile, 5.1 Content ‘The configuration fle shall have the following information: )) Station name, identifiation of the recording device, and COMTRADE Stanslard revision year, b) Number and type of channels; ©) Channel names, usits, and conversion factors; a) Line frequency; ©) Sample rate(s) nd number of samples at each rate; 1) Date and time of first data point; ) Date and time of trigger point; 4h) Data filetype: and ). Time Stamp Multilication Facto, 5.2 Filenames ‘Configuration filenames shall have the .CFG extension to distinguish them from header, data, and informa- tian files in the same set and to serve as « convention that is easy to remember and identity 5.3 Format “The configuration fileis an ASCII text file ina standardized format. Itmust be included with every fileset to define the format of the data file 8 ‘Copyright © 1999 IEEE. Al cighis reserved,Ieee "TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS, sid 37.111-1999 “The fie is divided into lines. Hach line shall be terminated by a cariage return and line feed. Commas are used to separate fields within line. The data separator comma is required cven if no data is estered into & field. Since commas, cartiage etums, and line feeds are used as dats separators, they are not legel cheracters itis ay Ghd Fo caaiples «clive uaiic suet ws “Pate West Line naib to lll be ieee as two seperate fields. The use of data separetors allows the field lena to be variable so that leading or pad- ding zeroes, or spaces are not required. However, because some programming languages reserve a leading character position for a inus sign, programs intended to read COMTRADE Ales shall be writtea to tolerste a least one leading space in felds. The infermation in each line ofthe fle must be listed in the exact order shown in subclauses 5.3..-5.3.9. The lines must appear inthe exact order shown in subelause 5.5. Devi tions from tis format will invalidate th file set 5.3.1 Station name, Identification, and revision year ‘Tae first line of the configuration file shall contain the station rame, the recording device identification, and the COMTRADE Standard revision yese s! |_name,rec_dey_idrey_year where station name is the name of the substation location. Non- characters, maximum length = 64 characters. rec. dev id is the idemification number or name of the recording device. Non-eriticsl alphanemerie, ‘minimum length = 0 characters, maximum length = 64 characters. , e.g. 1999, that identifies thc COMTRADE file yer leapt = claiavie, dala Sn ‘This fcld shall idectify thatthe file structure differs from the file structure requirement in the original IEEE Std C37.111-1991 COMTRADE Standard. Absence ofthe field or sn enipty field is interpreted to mean thatthe file complice with the 1991 version of the standard. al, alphanumeric, minimum length = rev_year ig the year of the standard revi lou, Calva use, lin 5.3.2 Number and type of channels This siatement contains the number and type of channels ss they coeur in ench data record in the data ile: ‘TI##A##D where TT isthe total sumber of channels Critical, numeric, integer, minimum length = I character, max- imum length = 7 characters, minimum value = 1, maximum value = 999999, TT must equal the sum of ##A and ##D below #44 is the number of analog chantels followed by identifier A. Criical, alphanumeric, minimum length = 2 characters, maximum length = 7 characters, minimum value = 0A, maximum value = 9999994. ##D is the number of status channels followed by identifier D. Critical. alphanumeric, minimum length = 2 characters, maximum length = 7 characters, minimum value = OD, maximum value = 9999990. 9 Copyright © 1990 1EEE. Al rohts reserved.Sizer it iwe IEEE STANDARD CONMON FORMAT FOR 5.3.3 Analog channel information ‘This eroup of lines contains analog channel informatio. There is one line for each analog channel, the total ‘number of analog channel lines must equal #¥ (see subclause 5.3.2) Ifthe analog channel count ~ 0, then there aré no analog channe! information lines. The following format shall be used: An,ch_id,ah,ccbm,uu,a,b,skew,min,max,primary,secondary,PS where An is the analog chamel index nurdber. Critical. numeric, integer, minimum length = | sharacter, maximum length = 6 characters, minimum value = 1, maximum value = 999999, Leading zeroes of spaces are 1} required. Sequential countes from L wo wocl number of analog channels (##8) without regard to recording device chanel number, hid ~ is the channel identifier. Non-crtical, alphanumeric, minimum length = 0 characters, maxi ‘mum length = 64 characters. ph is the channe! phase identification. Non-crtical al ters, maximum length = 2 characters. ecbm is the circuit component teing monitored. Non-crtical, alphanumeric, minimum length = charactors, maximum length = 64 characters. uu are the channel units (eg., KV, V, kA, A), Critical, alphatetical, minimum length = 1 character, ‘maximum length = 32 characters, Units of physical quantities shal! use the standard romeacla- ‘ure or abbreviations specified in IEEE Sel 260.1093 [Bd] or IEEE Std 280-1985 (R1996) (BS), if such standard nomenclature exists. Numerical multipliers shall not be included. Stan- dard multiples such ask (thousands), m (one thousandth}, M (millions), etc. may be used. chirnc- amumerie, minimum length a is the channel multiple. Critical, real, numeric, minimum length = 1 characer, maximum length = 32 ctaracters, Standard floating point notation may be used (Kreysvig [371) b is the channel offset adder. Critica, real, numeric, minimum length = 1 character, maximum, lnegilh =20 charectere. Standard Healing point aclation may te used (czyecig (D7) ‘The channel conversion factor is ax4b, The stored data value of x, in the data (DAT file, comesponds to a sampled value of (ax+) in units (uu) specified above. The rules of mathematical parsing are followed such that the data sample “x” is multiplied by the gain factor “a” and then the offset factor "b” is edded. Manip- ulation of the data value by the conversion factor restores the original sampled values. See Annex E for example. skew is the channel time skew (in ps) from start of sample period. Nen-eritica, real number, min- imum lengih = | character, maximum length = 32 characters. Standard floating point nota- tion may be used (Keeyszig (B7)). ‘The field provide information on time differencee bot inthe semple period of a record. For example, in an cight-channel device with one A/D converter ‘without synchronized sample and hold running at a 1 ms sample rate, the fist sample will be, at the time, represented ty the timestamp; the sample times for successive channels ‘within each sample period could be up to 125 ys behind each other. In such cases the skew for successive channels will be 0; 125; 250; 375..+ te niin is the range minimum data value (lower limit of possible data value range) for data values of this channel. Critical, integer, numeric, minimum length = 1 character, maximum length = Gcharacters, minimum value = ~93995, maximum value = 99999 (in binary date files the range of data values is limited to -32767 to 32767), 3 sampling of channel wi 10 ‘copyright © 1968 IEEE. A ightseeerved.1 “TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS swcar.s114809 max - {is the range maximum date valus (upper mit of possible data value range) for data valuss of this channel. Citcal,infeger, numeric, minimum length = 1 character, maximum length 0 = Gcharscters, minimum value = -96999, maximum valie =$9999 (in binary dita fles the range of data values i nite 92767 32767) primary’ ig the ctannel voltage or current transformer entio primary factor. Critica, resl, numeric, rminimurtFength = 1 character, maximum lengih = 32 caracers is the channel vollage or curent transformer ratio secondary factor. Critical, real, numeric, rminimurt length = | character. maximum length = 32 characters Ps the primary or secondary data scaling identifier. The character specifies whether the value received from the channel conversion factor equation ax+b will represent & primary (P) or secondary (S) value. Critical, alphabetical, minimum length = { character, maximum length = I charecter. The only valid characters are: p,Ps.S. seeondacy ‘The data inthe data ile. the channel conversion factors. and the channel units ean refer to either primary or os secondary units. So, 345 KV to, 20 V transformer for & channel in which the units are KV will kave the pxi- tary factor of 45 and a secondary factor of 0.12345, 0.12). The primary or secondary variable (PS) is pro- Vided! a8 a mears to calculate che equivalent primary or secondary values in applications where the primary orsecondary value is desred and the alernate value is provided. If the data originate in an environment that has no primarylsecondary relationship such as an analog power system simulator, the primary-secondacy ratio shall be set to 1:1. With the determination ofthe primary (P) or secondary (S) values from the ax+b ‘equation, the user can then determine the values equited for analysis or playback. Setting of variable PS Yaluerequired (provides primary values) ' (pravides secondary values) ® ree ie Tati yy a wy secondary vale Secondary Divide by primary valve and multiply by | Use value secondary value rc 5.3.4 Status (digital) channel information ‘This group of lines contains the status chanel information. There is one line for each status channel. The tctal namber of status channel lines must equal ##D (See sublause 5.3.2) Ifthe status channel cout = 0, then there are no status channel informetion lines, The following format shall be used: Dnjch_id,phecbma,y where Dn _isthe satus channel index number. Critical, integer, numeric, minimum length = | character, maxima Iength = 6 cheracters, minimum value = |, maximim value = 999999, Leading ‘esoes or spaces are not required. Sequential counter ranging from 1 to total number of status channels (##D) without regard to recording device channel aumber. hid is the chanrel name. Now-ritical, alphanumeric, minimum length = 0 characters, maximum length = 64 characters, ph is the channel phase identification. Non-critical, alphanumeric, minimum length = 0 charac- ® ters, maximam length = 2 chanicters, CCopyrcht ® 1999 IEEE.Al rights resend.Swear.111-1099 EEE STANDARD GOtMON FORMET FOR ecbm is the circuit compenent beitg monitored. Nomcritical, alphanumeric, minimum length = O characters, maximum leagih = 64 characters y is the normal state of status channel (applies to satuo channel only), that is, the state of the {input when the primary apparatus isin the steady state “in service” condition, Critical, integer, rhumeric, minimum length = J character, maximum length = 1 character, the enly valid values ‘are O or | ‘The normal stats of status channel does wot eaity iuluriasion regarding the physteal representation of the status signal, whether there isa clean contact (open or closed) or a voltage (live ox dead), The parpose is 10 define whether a | represents the normal or abnormal state, 53.5 Line frequency ‘The line frequency shall be listed on a separate line inthe fle: It where a is the nominal lite frequency in Hz (for example, 50, 60, 33.333). Non-critice!, real, numeric, ‘minimum length = O characters, maximum length = 32 characters. Standard floating point notation may be used (Kreyszig (B71, 5.3.6 Sampling rate information This section contains information on the sample rates and the number of data samples ata given rate. For files with one or multiple predetermined sample rates, the information comprises one line with the total ‘number of sampling rates followed by a line for each sampie rate including the numberof the last sample at this sample rate. There shall be one line of sample rate and end sample aumber information for each sam pling rate within the data file. For files with continuously variable sample periods, such as eventtriggered files, the sample rate information comprises two lines: one line with a zero signifying that there ae nw fixed sample periods cr rates, and a second line including a zero signifying thatthe sample period isnot fixed and ‘the number of the last sample inthe data file. [Note tha, if mates and samp are zero, the timestamp in the deta file becomes critical and endsamp must beset to the number of the last sample in the file. Whea both the nrates and samp varisbie informaticn and the timestamp information is available, use of mrates and samp variables is preferred for precise timing rates samp,endsamp where farates is the number of sampling rates in the data fle. Critical, integer, numeric, mi 1 character, maximum length =3 characters, minimum value samp is the sample rate in Hertz (Hz). Critical, real, numeric, minimum length = 1 character, maxi- mum length = 32 characters. Standard floicing point notation may be used (Kreyszig [B 7), endsamp is the last sample number at sample rate. Critical, integer. numeric, minimum length = 1 char- acter, maximum length = 10 characters, minimum value= 1, maximum value = 9998999999, 2 Copyright © 1960 IEEE. Aight reserved.‘TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (CONTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS. ‘sid037.111-1309 5.3.7 Dateftime stamps ‘There are to be two date/time stamps in the configuration fle. The first one is for the time of the fst data value in the data file The serand one is fir the time.of the triggrr pint Thay shall he displayed in the fa lowing format: da/mamyyyy,h where dd _is the day of month, Non-critical, integer, numeric, minimum length = 1 character, maximum chancters, minimum value + maximum value = 31 mm is the month. Non-critical, integer, numeri, minimum length characters, minimom value: o length character, maximum length yyyy isthe year. Now-critical, integer, numeric, minimum leng A characters, minimam value= 1900, raximum value be included, “The variables dd, mm, and yyyy are grouped together as one field, the numbers being separated by the “slesh” character with no intervening spaces. 4 characters, maximum length 199. All 4 characters ofthe year shall bh is the hous. Nou-critical, integer, numeric, minimum length = 2 characters, maximum length 2 characters, minimum value= 00, maximum value =23. All times are to be shown in 24h for- mat, mmm are the minutes. Non-citical, integer; numeric, misimum length = 2 cheracter, meximum length = 2characters, minimum value = 00, maximum value = 59. ssssesss are the seconds. Non-critical, decimal, numeric, resolution = 1 microsecond, minimum length = 9 characters, maximum length = 9 characters, minimum value = 00.0000), maxi- mum value = 59,999999, All values for the date and time are tobe preceded and padded by zeros, as required. If any data forthe time and date stamp is missing, field separator commas! may follow each other without intervening. characters, or the correctly formatted field may be filled with aumeric values replaced by zeros. 5.3.8 Dala file type ‘The data file type shall be identified as an ASCII or binary file by the file type idemtfiec in the following, format: where: fis the file type. Cultical, alphabetical, nomcase sensitive, minimum length = 5 charactors, maxi- ‘mum length = 6 characters, Only textallowed = ASCII or ascii, BINARY or binary. 6.3,9Time stamp multiplication factor ‘This feld shall be used as @ muliplication tactor tor the lame stamp (tmestamp) feld in the aat8 MIE) 10 allow for long duration recerdings to be stored in COMTRADE formst. The time stamp has « base unit of microseconds, ‘The elapsed time from the fist data sample in data file to the sample marked by any time stamp field in that data leis the product of thetime stamp for that data sample and the time multiple inthe ‘configuration file (timestamp x timem). Copyright © 1909 IEEE, A rights reserved.tees Sd.Ca7.111-1900 IEEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR, finiemult where timemult is the multiplication factor for the time differential (timestamp) field in the data file, Critical, real, numenc, minimum length = I character, maximum length = 32 characters, Stendatd float. ing point notation may be used (Kreyszig [B7). 5.4 Missing data In configuration files ‘The configuration file format provides for the fact that some data reay be unavailable. However, itis under- ‘iood that lack of some critical dats cam make the file set unusable. Some data are therefore specified 1s non- critical and some as critieal. Loss, or lack, of critical data in the configuration file rendre the fle et invalid ‘and as not conforming to the standard. Loss, or lack, of non-critical dala in the configuration file does not render the tie non-conforming anc does not make the file set unusable. When data are missing, the deta sep- arators follow each other with no intervening characters unless otherwise specified elsewhere in thie clause ‘Programs intended o read COMIRADE fies shall be vaitien to toleraze data separators immediately fol- Towing each other with no intervening spaces (null fits). 5.5 Configuration file layout station_name,rec_dev_d,rev_year ‘TT HHA gD An,ch _id,phyecbmuu,a,b,skew,min,max,primary,secondaryPS ‘An,ch_1d,ph,ccbm,uu,a,b,skewsmin,nax,primary,secondaryPS ‘An,ch id,phecbm,uu,a,b,skewsmin,max,primary,secondary,PS ‘An,ch_Id,ph,ccbm,uu,a,b,skew,min,max,primary,secondary.PS Da,ch_id,ph,ecbm,y Dn,ch_d,ph,ecbm,y 1 rates ‘samp,endsamp semp,endsamp ‘aaymmiyyry,hh:mm:ss.ssssss ft ‘imemult 6. Data file ‘The data Mle contains the data values that ae scaled representations of the sampled event. The data must conform exactly tothe format defined inthe configuration file sotha the cata ean be ready & computer pro- ‘gram. The datafile pe (Ht) fd defined in Ue coufigasativu ile specifies dhe fle ype. Por bimary dt Mes ‘is seco binary. For ASCT data files ftis set © ASC. 4 Copyright © 1999 IEEE. Al gris vasarved.eee ‘TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS siso97.144-4988 6.1 Content ‘The data file contains the sample number, time stamp, and data values of each channel for each sample in the file. All data in data files are in integer format. In ASCII data files the data for each channel within a sample fare separated from the succeeding channel data by 2 comma This is commonly called “comma delimited forttat” Sequential samples are separated by 2 between the last channel data value in 2 sample {and the sample number of the succeeding sample, In binary fles there are no separators between the data for ‘each channel within a sample or between sequential sample periods. No other information is contained inthe datafile 6.2 Data filenames Data filenames shall have the .DAT extension to distinguish them from header, configuration, and informa: tion filee in the came eet and to torve a8 a convention thet is eaey to remenbar and identify. The Slename itself shal be the same for header, configuration, dala, and information files to associate all of the files. In the event that the total storage space required for te file setexceads 1.44 MB (the amount of data that vill fit onto one double density 35 in loppy disk), che datafile may be segmented into multiple files, each of less than 1.44 MB cach. In this ease, the last two characters af the _DAT extension shall be changed from AT to the sequence number of the fil, maintaining the file extension length of three characters. This will allow for data files from .D0) to .D99, thus allowing a maximum of 100 data files. 6.3 ASCII data file format ‘The ASCH ua ate stat Ye avided Im Tow and ColUKNS. The number OF asta TOWS VANES Wom Ie Leng of the recording and, ths, affects the length of the fil. Etch row shall be divided into T1-2 columns where ‘TT is the total nurber of channels, analog and status, in the recording; and the oer ‘wo are forthe sample number and time stamp. The numberof columas is dependent upon the recording aystam and alo affects the file length. Field lengths specified for ASCII dita fos are maximum values and are not fixed lengths. All ‘numeri characters, incading sign notation, shall it within the field length limits. 8) The first column comtains the sample numer. b) —Thesecond column isthe tine stamp forthe data of that sample numbex. ©) The thirdset of columns contain he data values that represent analog information. 4) The fourth setof columns contain the data forthe status chanrels. If all the columns containing data values do no: ft on the same line, they sre continued without a carriage rtura/line feec () uatil ell data values for that sample have been displayed. The last value shall be terminated with carriage retur/line feed (), ©) Thenextrow (tine) begins with ie next semple number followed by the next data set 1) Am ASCII end of file (EOF) marker (“LA” HEX) shall be placed immediately following the ear- ‘iage retun/ine food ()of ths last date row ofthe fil Each data sample record shall consist of iniegers arranged as follows: 1 timestamp, Ay, AA Dy, Dp where a isthe sample amber. Cite, integer, mumeti minimum length = { characte, raninatra length = 10 characters, minimum value = 1, maximum velue = 9999999069, Copyright © 1809 IEEE. Alrite roacrve. 15IEEE Sis €97.111-1699) IEEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR, timestamp’ is the time stamp. Non-critical if nrates and samp variables in CFG file are nonzero, criti- cal if nrates and samp variables in .CFG file are zero. Integer, numeric, minimum length = ‘character, maximum length = 10 characters. Base unit of time is microseconds (qs). The ‘lapsed tre from the Mist daca sample in a daa Mc wo dhe sumple mathed by any dure sip field isthe product ofthe time stamp and the time multiplier in the configuration fle (times- tamp x timemulf) in microseconds ‘When boththe nates and samp vsriable information are available and the timestamp infor ration is available, the use of nrates and samp variables is preferred for precise timing, AL >) are he analog channel data values separa by commas uni data for all analog [UL chamets ire dsplyed. Noni intoge, numeric, minimum length = 1 character, {ff tnanimun length =6 characters, ninimum value =99999, maximum value= 99998, As Missing snaluy values must be represented by placing the value 99999 in tho fold. Dy -p___ se the status chanel data values seprated by commas until data for al stam chan- 2) tetsare dspiyed: Noreriial, integer, aumerc, ninimam length = t character + WL ihnximom tength = 1 character. The only valid vahes are O or I. No provision is yf matetorinesng missing sas data ad te cash el mst eset Leto (0. The last data Value ina ssmple shall be terminated with cariage return/line fed. 6.4 Example ASCII data sample Figure 1 shows an exemple date sample as specified in this standard. It has six analog values and six status ‘values. It is taken from Annex C. 5, 667-760, 1274, 72, 61-140, -502,0,0,0,0,1,1 Figure 1—Example of data sample in ASCH format, 6.5 Binary data flles “The binary data files use the same basic structure as that used for the ASCIL data files, with the exception that status channel data are compacted as deszribed below. The format Is sanple uuuber, Gise sta dala value foreach analog chanrel, and grouped status channe! data for each sample in the file. No data separators are used; the data within a binary sample record is not separated by commas and the end of a sample record is not marked by carriage retuen/iine feed characters. A binary data fle is a continuous stream of binary dara Data translation is determined by sequential position within the file. If any data element is missing or cor ‘up, the sequence of variables will be lost and the file may be unusable. No provision is made for recovery tunder there circumstances. ‘Data are stored in binary format, but for convenience the values are shown in hexadecimal hese. The data aro not stoted as ASCII representation of hexadecimal numbers. When storing a two-byte (16 bit) word, the standard DOS format is to store the least significant byte (LSB) of the data fist, then the most significant Dye (SB). The owv-Uy te data valus #1334? will bo steed in “8412” format. [n storing a four-byte (32 bit) ‘word, the least significant byte (LSB) of the word is stored first, then the next to east significant byte, then the next to most significant byte, then the most significant byle (MSB). The four-byte cata value 12345678" will be stored in °78563412" fermat. The bits within a byte nre: numbered zero (least signifi cant) to seven (most significant. 16 Copyrignt © 1999 IEEE. Al righ reservedeee “TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS sia c37-191-1909 ‘The Sequential data na binary data ile represent the allowing 8) Sample number and time stamp data are stored in unsigned binary form of four bytes each, b) Analogehannel sample data are stored in two's complement binery format of two bytes each. A data value 6f zero is siored aa 0000 hexadecimal, -| ic re=orded as FEE. The maximum positive values ‘EFF, and the maximum negative value is 800]. The hexedecimal 8000 is reserved to mark missing data. ¢) Status channel stmple data are stored in groupe of two byles for each 16 status channels, with the Jeast significant bit of a word assigned to the smallest input channel number belonging to that group of 16 channels. Thus, bit Gof status word | (SI) isthe status of aigital input number {, while bit Lot stars word 2 (S7) is the status of digital input number 18. No provision is made for marking missing status data, but abit set t0 I orto Omust be included to maintain the integrity of the word. The lent ofthe file will vary with the number of channes andthe number of samples in the file, The num- ter of bytes required foreach sample in the file wil be: (AK X2) + 2xINT(Dp/16)) = 4+4 Where AK js the rumber of analog channels, Dal is the pumber ofstatus channels, INT(Dp/16) isthe number of status channel divided by 16 and rounded up wo the next integer, and 444 represents 4 bytes each for the sample number and the time stamp. ‘Bach data sample record shall consist of integers arranged as follows: nn tmestamp Ay Away. S; Sa-Si, 5 is the sample number. Critical, integer, numeric, minimum length = 4 bytes, maximum length = 4 bytes, minimum value = 00000001, maximum value = FFFFFFFF, timestamp — is the time samp. Non-crtical if nrates and samp variables in CFG file ere nonzeto, crti- cal if nrates and samp variables in CEG file are zero, Minimum length = 4 bytes, maxi- ‘mum length = 4 bytes, minimum value = 00000000, maximum value = FFFFFFFE. ‘Missing time stamp values shall be replaced Uy placing the value PFFFFITT in the field to ‘maintain the inteerity of the file stucture, Base unit of time is microseconds (us). The lapsed time from the first data sample in a data file to the sample marked by any time Stamp field {s the product ofthe time stainp and the time multiplir inthe configuration ile (timestamp x timemnlf) i microsecons. When doth the nrates and samp variable infor- ‘mation and the timestamp information are available, the use of mrates and samp variables i prefered for precise timing, Cooyraht © 1099 IEEE. Alleghts reserved. 0tere ‘Sié€37.111-1090 IEEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR = ‘re the snalog channel data values in two bytes continued until data for all 2 ‘analog channels are displayed. Non-critical, integer binary twos complemers : format, minimum tengih = 2 byes, maximum length = 2 bytes, minimum value= 8001, maximum valve = 7HFF. Missing analog values must be repre AK sented by placing the value $000 in the field, is the stats channel data values in 2 bytes (16 bits) for exch 16 or part of 16 5 status channels continued until data for all status channels are displayed : Non-critical, integer unsigned bmary format. minimum length = 2 bytes, ‘maximum length =2 bytes, minimum value= 0000, maximum value = FFF Sq No provision is made for tagging missing status data and in such cases the bit ay be set to | orto 0. However, lo meintain the integrity of the word ard the ‘ile, 20 or 1 shall be stored for tht bit. If Me mumber of status channels is not imegrally divisible by 16, the higher channels shall be padded with Obits. Example For a set of six status inputs as shown for the ASCII data file in subeleuse 6.4.(0.0,0.0,1,1), 8) Write these status inputs as a binary number (110000), recognizing thet the channels are listed low first in the ASCUT datafile. ©) Then pad the number out to 4 16 bit namber (0000 0900 001 1 0000). ©) Tramlaicuils w a vesaaectenal value (OU 29). ©) The data is then stored in LSB/MSB format (30.00). 6.6 Example binary data sample Figure 2 shows an example data sample as specified in this standard. It has six analog values and six satus values. I isthe binary equivalent of the ASCII sample shows in subelause 6.4, 05 00 00 00 9B 02 00.00 08 FD FA 04 48 00 3D 00 74 FF 0A FE 3000 Figure 2—Example of data sample in pinary tormat 7. Information file ‘The infomation file INF) is an optional file. The INF fle provides fer the exctange of information regard {ng the event recorded inthe COMTRADE record that may caable enhanced manipulation or enalysis of the date, This optional information is stored in a separate fils to allow fall backwards and forwards comoatitility between current and future programs that utilize COMTRADE files. Any program reading data from infor ‘ation files shall beable to recognize any public section header, ery, or ether data defined i this stancard, and take any action in response to that data. There isa requirement that programs not recognizing cetain lace stall oar hat dat n any way. ‘The file format is similar to the Windows™ “INT” [B9] file format. Most programming languages now inelide functions for writing and reading from these files. Many programmers and users are familiar with the structure ofthese file. 18 (Copyright @ 1999 IEEE. All ghts reserved,IEE TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANSE (COMRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS sud 037-111-1866 Some the section in he information file duplicate infomation sored inte CFG configuration fle. The CPC? and“ DAT" les are he primary COMRADE fils and any daa for which avacable fs dfined in ether of hese ino fles aust be stored inte appropriate fle even (Pduplcatel in he INF inforoation le 7A Content ‘The information file is an ASCTI text file that is in a computer readable specified format. The file contains information readable by the general user, and information specific to a given class of users, which may be ‘unreadable tothe general user. These two types of information are classed as public and private, respectively, and reside in sevarate sections ofthe file. Data stored in the information file shall be stored in a public se2~ tion whenever 2 suitable section is defined. If a suitable predefined public section is not avilable, a private section may be used. The entries shall conform exactly to the format defined below so that the data can be read by a compater program. 7.2 Information file filenames Information filenames stall have the “INF" extension to distinguish them fiom header, configuration, and. data files of the same set and to serve as a convention that is easy to remember and identify, The filename iMself shall be the same as for the header, configuration, and data files with which it is associated 7.8 Information file structure ‘The information file is divided into sections. Fach cection consists of header line followed by s number of entry lines. There is no limit © the number of sections but there shail be at least one section per ile, No data ‘hall reside outside of a sction, Each section is identified by a unique section header line. All data elong.to te nearest section header above iin the fl. Generically the structures as follows: Publie Record Information Section Header (information relating tothe whole record) Publicly-Defined Record Information Entry [ines Publi Event Information Section Header (information relating to a particular channel and sample inthe record) Publicly-Defined Event Information Entry Lines {Public File Description Section Header (information equivalent to CFG file information relating to the whole record) Publicly-Defined File Description Entry Lines Public Analog Channel #1 Section Header (information equivalent to .CRG file information relat- ing tothe first analog channel in the record) Publicly-Detined Analog Channel Entry Lines Public Analog Channel #n Section Header (information relating to the next analog channel in the record, with a new section for each channel, up the number of analog channels in the record) Publicly-Defined Analog Chanrel Entry Lines Public Status Chanel #1 Section Header (information relating to the first status chinne! in the record) Publiely-Defined Status Channel Eniry Lines Public Sterus Channel #n Section Header (information relating to the next status channel in the record, with a new section for eaen channel up the nuiuber of status channels in de record) Publicly-Desined Status Ckannel Bniry Lines Private Information Header Privately-Defined Revord information Entry Lines Private Information Header Privately-Defined Record Information Entry Lines Comlaht © 1999 IEEE, Wrights reserved. 19, (eee Sid 037.111-1989 IEEE STANDARO COMMON FORMAT FOR 7.3.1 Public sections: Public sections contain information in a form that can be used by equipment and/or software made by more Una One snaafactuse Specific public section standard will update public section variables and include any openly distributed private section entries in use at chattime, y lines ave defined in this decument. Each revision of the 7.3.2 Private sections Private sections contain manufacturer-specific information that is only useful with a specific vendor's soft Ware or hardware, or that is in-a format unique to that manufacturer. Multiple private sections ate allowed por manufactures, anda single information file may contain private sections from several manufacturers. It it ‘anticipated that manufacturers will generate private sections for specific purposes. If two or more mapufac turers use similar private sections, a common form of the private section could be approved for use as public cectione in fature revitions of thie stindaed 7.4 File characteristics Information files shall be in ASCIL format as defined in subclause 2.1.2, with the following additional limitation: 2) Leading spaces are not allowed on any line: >) Fileshall not include any user-added end of file (BOF) marker, such “1A” HEX and ©) ile fength shall not exceed 64K. 7.8 Section headings 7.5.1 Public and private section header name formatting rules ‘The section name is delimited by square brackets. The section rame resides alone on a line. No other data shall reside on the same line as the section name. The line is terminated with e. The seaion name shall start with a letter character; a number or a symbol shal! not be the frst character of section name. The section name must stet with the word “Publis” or, for private sections, a word cleatly representing the orga nization to which the section belongs, followed by exactly one space, then followed by any number of words identifying the section. Individual words in proprietary company or organization names or trademarks com. ‘prising more than one word shall be concatenated by deleting the space between the words, o, © improve readability, by substituting the underline space character “for the space, Section headings after the first section heading shall be seperated from the preceding section header or entry lines by en empty line. Public section headers shall be meaningful toa power systems engineer with limited computer knowledge. 7.5.2 Public section header naming examples Examples: Acceptabie: Pubtie File Description) 20 Copyright© 1999 IEEE. Al righ resorvedeee TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (CONTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS ‘sidos7.117-1988, Unacceptable: [Public DaSource] (Leading space) [DataSource Public} (Ovtast begin with word Public) 7.5.3 Private section header naming examples Examples: Acceprable: [Company Input Ranges} [Company? Isolatorlype] Unacceptable: [Company Name Input Ranges} (Spaces not allowed in owner identifier) 112) (Wrong bracket style) [Bad SectioncCR/LE> (missing bracken) [Bad Section] Extra Data=Not AllowedCRILF> (Extra text or entries on fine after closing bracket) 7.6 Entry line An enty line must star with one word 3-32 characters long followed by an equal (= sign. The firs word is the “Entry Name." The entry nane isa descripion of the function of he value string tac follows. Ii an onme tn the nama fa varia e constant in many orogramming laneuazes. The enty name sal be mean- ingfal when read in conjunction with the section name. The entry name need not be fully descripive. The entry name can contain any prinable characters with ASC valuss between 33 and 127 decisal. The line shall be terminated with & . Examples: Accepiable: (Public File Description] Recording Device I 123 [Company2 Calibration) Chl=20445, ~7, 1 (Ch2=20462, 5.3, 1 (Ch3=2042.0, ~0.4, 1 Unacceprable: [Cempany3 Calibration) 13342 thvlst=2044 5,-7.1,2016.25.3,1,2042.0,-0.4-1 Entry name not meaningful) Ch 1=2044.5,-7, 1 (Extra spaces) [Company Device Type} (No spice between last entry in previous section) 7.8.1 Comment ines ‘An entry line prefixed with a semicolon is considered a comment line. Such lines are to be skipped by file reading slgorithms and are used for comments or tocomment out certain entrics. The comment lines may be ~ created by users oc by « program. Comment lizes shall ot be used for extensive documentation or explina- tions, since this inereases file size, file read time, and obscures the fle structure to human readers, Copyright © 1999 IEEE. Al ighis reserves. 2(eee St6097.111-1908 IEEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR ‘When section headings are commented cut, all enty Lines in that section shall also be commented out. Fail- ing to comment out the entry lines ina section where the heading has been commented cut would cause any luneommented enery lines in thar section to fall under the previous section heading, Examples: Acceptable [Company? Calibretion] CRLF Sequence is gein, offset, polarity (Ch1=2044.5, 7, 1 (Ch2=2046.2, 5.3, 1 ‘Channel ? replaced 7/16/95 Ch3-2042.0, 0.4, 1 Unacceptable: {Company3 Calibration] Section heading commented out leaving orphan data) Ch 1 =2084.5,-7, leCR/LF> xtra spaces) This recorder uses & bitdata and has channels, tst points en the card are igh impedance and not galvanically isolated. CR/LF> (excessive and srongly-placed documentation) 7.6.2 Value string ‘The value string is defined as all characters on an entry line (rom the equal sign tn the envofline seqnence Value strings can contain one data item or several data ‘tems. Multiple data items are separated by commas. ‘Numetisal values shall begin immediately alter dhe equel sign cr comma delimiter with no leading space. ‘Text strings that include a space after the equal sign or comma delimiter shall include the space as part of the value. For public sections, this information is specified in the standard. For private seetions, the data type, format, and number of items per entry line are defined by the use. 7.7 Adding, modifying, and deleting information Because several programs may write to, modify, and read from the .INF fle independently, rules governing the deletion and addition of information are needed to reduce the potential for damage from programs oper- ating without human intcrrention. Deliberate humntn intervention via anor entry Golda cen be wood to add or delete information from any section. However, this can reader the information file unfit for the intended application. 7.7.1 Deleting information ‘A program cannot delete private secions that did not crete, nor may it modify or delete items from those sections. A program cannet delete public sections or items from those sections. However, items in public sections may be modified er itoms may be added 7.1.2 Bading information ‘Any program may add entries toa public section. A program cannot add eniries to private section that it did not create. The format allews an unlimited namber of public and private sections, each with an unfimited number of entries, 2 Copyright © 1999 IEEE, all ihts reserve.Ieee "TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE |COMTRADE) FOR POWWER SYSTEMS sid 037-111-1609, 7.8 Public section header and entry line definitions This standard specifies some public section headers and entry lines. If 2 publicly. defined section header is Included, al the defred entry ines for tet section shall De inched sn the order sted, An ent Tine in Which the equal sign =" is folloved by the line terminating shall be interpreted as nul string (0-characters) or a zero numeric value. If po suitable public format is available, new complementary private section defnitions may be created restricting use o the originating mansfactarer or user. Future revisions of this siandard will document thosein commonly accepted use athe ime of the revision. 1.9 Public record information section ‘This public data section defines the software that writes the file, describes the COMTRADE event, and indi- ‘aies the munber of public event information sections Included in the informtion file [Public Record_Infortation)] (Section heading, must include brackets) Scurce=Value Rezord_Information=ValuecCR/LF> Lozation=ValuecCR/LF> ‘max_current=Valne max_yoltage=ValuecCR/LE> (Emiry tines) ‘min_voltage= ValuecCR/LF> EventNoteCount=ValuecCR/LF> 7.9.1 Section header definition ‘The following text sting is publicly defined asa csetion heading for parameters applicable to the whole ile [Public Record_Information} 7.9.2 Public record information entry line definition ‘The following public record information eniry lines and entry value variables are publicly defined: Source=Value — Anoptional entry line providing a place for dhachine-teadeble text description of the software that was used fo write the record. Value is an alphanumeric string vith printable ASCII characters and White space; multiple enties are sepavated by commas. The string is the name and revision level of the program, Record_Information=ValuelValue2.Value3, Valued — Antoptional entry for information regarding the location ofthe fault on a transmission line if itis Jncwn, The following entries ae publicly defined: YValuel: A real number representing distance to fault in terms of the following parameters. ‘Value2: Miles, kilometers, percent of line, percent of setting, Ohms rmin_current=ValuecC/LE> max_voliage=ValuecCR/LF> ‘min_voltage-Value — An entry line for the number of Public Event Information sections in the NF file It is required only if Event Information sections are included. Value isan integer value equal to the tial public event information in the information file. IF this number is zero or if the EventNoteCount entry line does 7.10 Public event information definition ‘This public data section defines notes that are related to a specific event, sample, or channel within » COMTRADE record. This allows specific parts of the record to have date and descriptive text atached and Inter retrieved, 7.10.1 Section heading definition: [Public Evert_Information_#n] ‘The seetion heading isthe string “Public Event_Information_#" with the information number *n" dirctly appentled (no ineerposing space character allowed). Lhe information number isa positive integer, staring at ‘one, consecutive, and limited to the value of EventNoteCount in the Public Record Information section 7.10.2 Public event information eniry line defi Channel_sumber=Value max value=ValuecCRILF> min_value=Value mmax_sample_numnber=Yalue mmin_sample_number=ValuecCR/LE> Sample_pumber_Texté=Valuel, Value2 Sample_eumber Textlh-Valeet,Valuc? Data definition: ‘Where thc “Sample number” string appears in any of the following entries, Value or Valuel is the COMTRADE record sample number to which the information refers. The Sample_number is the ASC, 24 Copyright © 1980 IEEE. Alright reserve.eee "TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMTRADE) FOR POWER SYSTEMS ‘si 037-111-3098 integer number that will be siored in an ASCII data ‘ile; binary files sample numbers must be converted to ‘ASCIL integers before the match is made. (Channel_number An entry line for the COMTRADE revord channel number to which the information refers. max_value and min_value — Eniry lines for recorded minimum and maximum values of voltage and current for the channel to which the information refers. The values are either primary or secondary values as specified by the PS variable inthe channe! definition using the unit specified in the CFG file. They differ from the variables min and max in the CFG file, which are the maximum possible range o: physically ited values. Value is a real number corresponding to the highest (max_value) or lowest (min_value) value in the channel data after conversion by the appropriate channel scaling fectors ax. max_sample_number and min_s smple_samber — Eni lines forthe sample number at which the minimum or maximum recorded valne occur. Sample. number Textt~Valuel,Value2 — Eni lines for teat note o3 events, #s a sequential count ofthe aumber of Tex entries beginning at 1 and limited to 99 (2 chnraciers); Valuel the semple number as described above; Vue? is any alphanumert sting with printable ASCH characters and white space. Hard reurns (CK andlor LF) ae considered terminating characters an are not allowed within the body ofthe sting, 7.11 Public file description section ‘his public data section defines information that desribes the record as a whole and is equivalent to data ssored in the CFG configuraion lle. The CEG ile is mandatory and the CFG fle containing the aporopei- ate information shall be supplied, evenf the configuration information is duplieated inthe eptioral INF ile. ‘his optional duplication of cata permits users who use the .INF information fle to access the data contained in the CFG file without opening tat fle. 7.11.1 Section heading definition: [Publ ‘The section heading isthe sting “Public File_Description” (no interposing space character allowed). Only ‘one Public File_Description section 1s allowed per record, ‘'he eniry Imes duplicate the entry lines of the CFG file, which define the record as a whole. Channel-specific definitions are contained in separate sec: tions. I used, this section must contain an entry line equivalent to each line in the (CFG file except for ara- log and status chansel definition lines. The entries fer Value" shall follow the rules for the equivalent data 5 specified in Clause 5, 7.11.2 Public file description entry line definition Station Name=Value Rezording_Device_ID=Value Revision_Year=Value Tolal_ Chanel Couit=Value ‘Analog. Channel_Count=Value ‘Status_Channel_Court=Value Line_Frequeney=Value ‘Sample Rate_Count=Value ‘Sample_Rate_#1=Value Copyright 1900 IEEE. All ighterecawed. 25eee ‘Sid €97.111-1989 EEE STANDARD COMMON FORMAT FOR, End_Sample Rate ‘Sample_Rate_#n=Value End, Sample Rate_#n=Value File Star_Time=Valne Trigger_Time=Value File_Type=Value Time_Multipler=Value 7.12 Public analog channel section ‘This public section defines entry variables for the analog channels of the record and provides information ‘equrvatent to that stored in the CFG configuration file. The CFG file is mandstory and « CFG file contain. ing the appropriate information shall be supplied even ifthe information is duplicsted in the optional INF file. This optional duplication of data permits users who use the INF file access to the data contained in the CPG file without opening that file. 7.12.1 Section heading definition: [Public Analog_Channel_#n] ‘The section heading isthe string “Public Analog Channel #” (no inteposing space charicter allowed), where “a” isa number between 1 and the analog channel coant for the record. One Public Channel Descrip. tion section is required for each analog channel ofthe recerd. The entry lines duplicate information in the lines ofthe CFG file, which pertain to i 91 analog channels. If used, this section shall contain an entry line for seul varablG uu ie ual chanelle Ih Uie CEU Ale, Une erties Tor “Value” shall follow the "ules for the equivalent variables as specified in Clanse 5, 7.12.2 Public analog channel entry line definition ‘Channel_M=Value Phase_ID=Value ‘Monitoree_Component=Value Channel_Unite-Value ‘Channel_Multiplier=Valne ‘Channel_Offset=Value Channel Skew=Vatie Range Minimum Limit Value=Value Range_Maximam_Limit_Value=Value Chanzel_ Ratio Primary=Value (Channel Ratio Secondary=Value Data Primary_Secondary flue 7.18 Public status channel section ‘This public section defines entry variables for the stats channels of the record and provides information equivalent to that stored in the CFG configuration file. The (CFG file is mandatory and a .CFG file contain- ‘nig Wie apprupriate information shal) be supplied even :t the information 1 duplicated in the optional INF fle. This optional duplication of data permits asers who use the INF file to access the data contained in the CFG file without opening that fl. 26 Copyright © 1999 IEEE. Al ight reserved.te TRANSIENT DATA EXCHANGE (COMTRADE] FOR FOWER SYSTEMS. sid 057-111-1009 7.13.1 Section heading definition: [Public Status_Channel_#tl ing Changl. 8” (ro inposng space characte allowed), eee ee ee eit chama castor oor Ove Publ Channel econ & ‘eure foreach satus channel of te reer The entry ines duplzaaformatin in he nes of he.CPG file, which deal with individual status channels. If used, this section sballcomtain an entry Tine for each vari- ableon the status chanrel line in the CFG file. The entries for “Valuc” sll follow the rules for the equiva- Tea variables as apeiid in Clause 5 7.132 Publle status channel entry line definition ‘Channel_ID=Value Phese_ID=Value ‘Monitored. Component=Value 7.14 Sample .INF file [Public Record_Infommation }eCRILF> Source=COM writer, V1.I Record_Information=Fault, AG, Trp. Transmission Line Location=189.2, miles max_current=3405.5 min curtent=-3087.2 smax_voltage=208.6 min yoniaye=-2004hCRL.> EventNoteCount=2 (Public Event Information_j#1] ‘Channel_number=2 ‘min_simple_number=15 ‘Sample_number_Tex!_#1=168, Transient on reclose- ‘Sample_number_Text_#2=15 Minimum during normal toad ‘Channel_number=L smax_value=206 S rmin_value=205.1 smax_sample_number=159 ‘min_sample_number=9 ‘Sample_number Text ##1=159,Transient on reclose ‘Sample_number_Test_#2-9,Minimum during normal load (Public File Description} ‘Sution Name=CondiecCR/LE> Recording Device ID=518 Revision_Year=1999 Total_Channel_Count=12 nalog_Channel_Count=6 Siatus_Channel_Count~6 Copyight ® 1989 IEEE. Al rights resarve. Sema