Pre-Colonial Period

The first period of Philippine literary history is the longest. Long A long before the Spaniards
and other foreigners landed on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their nature
stamped in the history of our race. The Philippine literature in different eras has specific
characteristics: Pre-Colonial period literature characterized based on oral traditions, crude
ideology, and phraseology.; Spanish Colonization period literature has the characteristics of
having two distinct classifications religious and secular.

Folk Narrative
Alamat (Folklore)
A legend is a genre of folklore that consists
of a narrative featuring human actions,
believed or perceived, both by teller and
listeners, to have taken place in human
history. Narratives in this genre may
demonstrate human values, and possess
certain qualities that give the tale
verisimilitude.

bugtong bugtong (Riddles)

a question or statement intentionally

phrased so as to require ingenuity in
ascertaining its answer or meaning,
typically presented as a game.
 Salawikain (proverbs)

A short pithy saying in general use, stating a general

truth or piece of advice.

Indigenous rituals
Begnas Festival

Mimetic dance
Itik-Itik Dance
 Folk Song Magtanim ay 'di biro
Magtanim ay 'di biro
Noun. A song originating among the people of a Maghapon nakayuko
country or area, passed by oral tradition from 'Di man lang makaupo
one singer or generation to the next, often
'Di man lang makatayo
existing in several versions, and marked
generally by simple, modal melody and stanzaic, Braso ko'y namamanhid
narrative verse. Baywang ko'y nangangawit
Binti ko'y namimitig
Sa pagkababad sa tubig
Sa umagang paggising
Ang lahat iisipin
Kung saan may patanim
May masarap na pagkain
Braso ko'y namamanhid
Baywang ko'y nangangawit
Binti ko'y namimitig
Sa pagkababad sa tubig
Halina, halina, mga kaliyag
Tayo'y magsipag-unat-unat
Magpanibago tayo ng landas
Para sa araw ng bukas
Para sa araw ng bukas
 Spanish Colonization Period
Spanish occupied Philippines in early 15th century. The Spanish colonization period has two
distinct classifications – religious and secular. The existing literature of the Philippine ethnic
groups at the time of conquest and conversion into Christianity was mainly oral, consisting
of epics, legends, songs, riddles, and proverbs.

Folk speeches/ riddles

Folk songs
Harana
Dios marhay na banggi (Good evening)
Sa saindong harong (To everyone home)
Marhay na aga garu (I think it is already morning)
Kami mo dunghawon (Please look outside)
Marhay na aga garu (I think it is already morning)
Kami mo omanpunon (Please open your home for me)
Ining nabihag mo, ining nabihag mo (For I've been captured)
Inabot nin diklom (And now it's evening)

Dae mo ipagngalas (Do not be surprised)

tunog ning gitara (By the sound of my guitar)
Na samong kawatan sarong dara-dara (The only instrument I brought)
Minami an oras neng (ning) palinga-linga (I waited until the evening)
Tanganeng (tanganing) mahale, tanganeng (tanganing) mahale (To end, to end)
Ang saket (sakit) meng (ming) dara (The longing inside me)

Folk narratives
 epics,
Lumalindaw (Ga'dang Epic)
The folk epic “Lumalindaw” was collected from the highland Ga'dang
of Banahaw, Municipality of Paracelis, Mountain Province. A relatively
short epic with 1,018 lines. Lumalindaw, the hero of the Ga'dang, was
the son of Chief Lumalibac of Nabbobawan and his wife Caricagwat. He
was an extraordinary being.

Legends
Why the Fish has Scales.
Fish scales primarily serve two purposes: protection and
locomotion. What distinguishes these various scales from each
other is both their composition and how they balance those two
functions. The more ancestral a scale, the better its configuration
is for protection rather than locomotion

Proverbs/ aphorisms
 American Colonization Period
Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, escape being
imitative of American models of writing especially during its period of apprenticeship. essays Philippine
literature in English, as a direct result of American colonization of the country, could not and novels.
Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence.

Free verse
poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.

Modern short story

It is a fiction work that presents a world in the moment of an
unexpected change. The traditional short story obeys some rules,
such as unexpected change and major events with detail. The
modern short story is a revolution that is based on the traditional
short story.
 Novels
A novel is an invented prose narrative of significant
length and complexity that deals imaginatively with
human experience. Its roots can be traced back
thousands of years, though its origins in English are
traditionally placed in the 18th century.
 Japanese Colonization Period
This period is considered the war years and period of maturity and originality During the Japanese
period, Philippine Literature in English was stopped and writers turned to writing in Filipino. The
Japanese authorities, with extreme hate to the Americans, did their best to turn the Filipinos' sympathy
away from them. They rewarded handsomely the Filipinos who are faithful to them.

Haiku
The haiku is a Japanese poetic form that consists of three
lines, with five syllables in the first line, seven in the
second, and five in the third. The haiku developed from
the hokku, the opening three lines of a longer poem
known as a tanka.

Tanaga
tanagà [noun] type of Filipino poem using four lines, each line
having seven syllables only. The art exemplifies teachings,
idioms, feelings, and ways of life. It usually contains many
figures of speech. Root: tanaga.

Karaniwang anyo / Common Form

 Common forms of plagiarism summary
 Anxiety attacks are a very common form of
anxiety and are often experienced as a result of
worrying about everyday things in your life such
as family, finances or your job.
 Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs) are a common form of nano-structured drug carrier,
which can encapsulate bioactive or pharmaceutical compounds.
 Contemporary/ Modern Period
Many novels in English seem to have been written for literary contests like Palanca and Asia Man. The
debate over textual and contextual criticism, balagtasismo and modernism, formalism and historical
criticism has persisted to this day in the academe. The more popular but banal issue is called “literature
(art) and propaganda.”

Chick lit
Chick lit Books like Helen Fielding's Bridget Jones's Diary and Candace Bushnell's Sex and the City are
examples of Chick Lit. The success of Bridget Jones and Sex and the City in book form established chick
lit as an important trend in publishing

Mobile phone text tula

Text tula is a mobile phone poetry, short traditional formal verses are used
in this form of genre. it is composed of 7777 syllable count with rhyme
scheme aabb, abab, abba
 Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is a broad category of fiction
encompassing genres with elements that do not exist in
reality, recorded history, nature, or the present universe.
Such fiction covers various themes in the context of
supernatural, futuristic, and other imaginative realms.

Flash fiction
Flash fiction is a genre of fiction, defined as a very short story. While there is no set word count that
separates flash fiction from more traditional short stories, flash fiction stories can be as short as a few
words (while short stories typically run for several pages).

Blog
blog, in full Web log or Weblog, online journal where an individual, group, or corporation presents a
record of activities, thoughts, or beliefs. Some blogs operate mainly as news filters, collecting various
online sources and adding short comments and Internet links.
 Hyperpoetry
Hyperpoetry refers to the genre of poetry that is
always produced and presented with the
computer. It involves lines of verse that appear
with links to footnotes, poetry generators, sub-
poems, or poetry with images or movement.
Hyperpoetry highly includes visuals.