ArticleDT - GroLive New Format

Proceedings of the 3rd Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations
Management, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, September 13-15, 2022
GroLive: An online grocery shopping application

Antonio Miguel Medel Loneza
BSIT College Student
Mapua University
Makati, Philippines
ammloneza@mymapua.edu.ph.com
Jairus Mariano
Mapua University
Makati, Philippines
jairusceejay@gmail.com
Aaron John Sangalang Marquez

Mapua University
Makati, Philippines
ajsmarquez00@gmail.com
Allen Ray Mendoza Soria

Mapua University
Makati, Philippines
allen.soria3@gmail.com
© IEOM Society International

Abstract
Grocery shopping both online and physical has their advantages and disadvantages. Ever since the COVID-19
Pandemic hit, the world had begun relying on delivery applications for things like food, groceries, and other
miscellaneous things. The problem that stems from this usually comes in the form of shopping confidence where in
the shopper has no idea if they were to receive a faulty product or a legitimate one. This is the problem that GroLive,
an innovative grocery shopping platform, would solve in terms of online grocery shopping. Through a qualitative
method of collecting and analyzing data, POVs, Personas, Journey Maps, and Empathy Maps were created as a
guide to the ideas that were needed to create a working prototype for GroLive. The problems of the grocery
shoppers were fixed in the Prototype in terms of shopping confidence due to the added main feature of a live feed
that allows the user to directly view via camera the meat and produce they are selecting. In conclusion, the
application solves the stated problems of the online grocery shoppers.
Keywords
Grocery, Shopping, Online, Confidence, Convenience.
1. Introduction
Ever since the pandemic hit, using online applications for convenience boomed within the past years. This includes
online grocery shopping to avoid the hassle of waiting in long lines, finding a parking space, commuting back with
bags of groceries, and even discovering that your product isn't sold or out of stock in the center you chose to go to
the grocery shop. However, the only grocery shopping applications out there still lack the ability to provide
shopping confidence to their users as they are not able to see the meat, fish, poultry, and produce section. They
could only choose the meat or produce they want and the quantity. Many grocery shoppers pick and choose these
items based on the quality they perceive. Without the ability to perceive such, they could not be one hundred percent
confident that they would get the meat or produce that is up to their standard.
We have developed a grocery shopping platform that allows the user to gain that shopping confidence they need
when selecting meat, fish, poultry, and produce. The platform has live feed of the mentioned sections which allow
the user to spot the quality of meat and produce they want without having to worry about it being of poor quality.
Not only that, but the application also provides more products with many grocery shopping centers integrated into it,
more payment methods, and more acceptance methods such as pick up and scheduled delivery.
The benefits of using this grocery shopping platform is that the users no longer have to worry about product quality
when it comes to their meat and produce. The platform would gain popularity because of how flexible it is and that
it seemingly never goes out of stock with the products the users want. This is a big advantage because it means that
the platform has a high chance of being chosen amongst other grocery shopping applications due to its convenience
and numerous helpful features.
1.1 Objectives
The aim of the study is to create an online grocery shopping platform that allows the users to have more payment
methods, have more ways of accepting a product by scheduled delivery and pick up, have a live feed that will show
the produce and meat to provide shopping confidence, and have a security system that would protect the customer
information.

2. Literature Review
According to a study by Gumasing et. al (2022), there are various reasons why Filipinos turn to utilizing the e-
commerce known as online grocery shopping during the recent pandemic. Through the results of their research they
discover the top three behavioral indicators that dictate why they would rather shop online than go to the grocery
itself. First is Performance expectancy which refers to how the application will benefit the user if they decide to use
it. Second is severity and how it is perceived which talks about how a person feels about the gravity of obtaining and
developing a sickness, disease, or illness. The study shows how important an online grocery shopping platform is for
users who would not only want to avoid the spread of viruses but also want to avoid the hefty process of grocery
shopping.
In one study that was referenced from Elms et. al (2019) says, a consumer named ‘Justin’ stated that he “used
online grocery shopping so that he could avoid crowded supermarkets.” In another study, they used other reference
materials as well that ranged from the year 2018 to 2021 that almost has the same reason for using the online
grocery shop apps or websites. One said they are using this means due to the concerns regarding the global
pandemic COVID-19. Some consumers say that this is due to their perception of having product scarcity (2022) or
while others say it is because of risk perception (2022). While it is true that most of the reason is found due to the
current global pandemic, some consumers find it better to use online grocery shopping more conveniently than
actually going to the supermarket to do grocery shopping.
With the constant evolution of the consumer's lifestyle and new generation of technologies making our lifestyle
more comfortable and manageable, it has always been staple for the grocery industry for the economy (2021). Most
customers experienced a horrible sight when the pandemic started and rushed to stores getting essential items to
prepare and some didn’t like the experience, so they looked for other options on getting essential commodities. In
the rapid rise of digital services some grocery stores are adopting it for both physical and digital for the customers.
The goals of Pitts et als study were to assess the current condition of online grocery shopping, as well as people's
reasons for doing so, the kinds of things they buy, and any prospective benefits or drawbacks it might have for
buying food and beverages. According to research, ordering groceries online has its drawbacks. While it possesses
the capability to add healthy choices by fewer unhealthy impulsive purchases, nutrition labeling strategies, and as a
way to help people who have trouble getting to a brick-and-mortar store get access to food, it also has the potential
to increase unhealthy choices for reasons like consumers' reluctance to buy fresh produce online (2018).
A study by Singh and Soderlund evaluated the key part of the customer service employee and the consumers'
reactions to fulfilling grocery shopping in order to determine the elements influencing customers' experience when
they utilize the grocery shopping applications. The analysis based on PLS supported the qualitative findings and
established the importance of customer service, which together with further encountered antecedents like the
delivery, website, and product, accounted for 68 percent of the variance in the overall experience and 42 percent of
the variance in customer satisfaction (2020).
Hao, Wang, and Zhou conducted a study to investigate how food stockpile behavior is influenced by the effects of
internet channels. In this study, researchers employ randomly selected survey samples to empirically evaluate the
effects of internet purchase channels on Chinese urban consumers' food hoarding behavior. The findings indicate
that fresh food e-commerce channels are more likely than offline channels with government logistic management to
be linked with panic hoarding behaviors because supply shortages are more likely to occur. It implies that different
online outlets may have different effects on how consumers behave in panicky stockpiling circumstances (2020).
The study by Magalhaes centers on the significance of variables that have an influence on organizational needs and
ultimately affect customer decisions regarding online grocery shopping. The lead time, order fill rate, and delivery-
service pricing were used in an expressed preference survey in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The interviewees' ages and
genders were taken into account before making this choice. There were 222 interviewees who made up the sample.
It also offers grocery retailers insights into the significance of specific features for the efficacy of e-grocery and their
effects on business organization, which seems to be particularly difficult during many pandemics (2019).

By analyzing pertinent SNAP recipients' habits, knowledge, and attitudes, Rogus' study attempted to provide policy
ideas to allow online grocery buying with SNAP benefits. Participants in this qualitative study were SNAP
participants who shop for their families' groceries, and four 1-hour focus groups were held with them in Las Cruces,
New Mexico. Focus groups were videotaped, recorded on audio, and then coded and transcripted. For a variety of
reasons, SNAP users in this study have not embraced online grocery shopping. By examining which participants
would profit from utilizing SNAP benefits online as well as methods for enabling utilization, further research may
shed light on policy (2020).
Consumer acceptance of online grocery shopping has grown significantly over the past few decades. However, the
general market share seems to be very small, and the spotted retailers begin to worry about the future of the
developing distribution channel. Because it is often believed that the behavior caused by grocery shopping online is
generally uniform, the current environment of channels for online grocery shopping has not seen much innovation
and distinction when it comes to their business models. Based on variations in choice for pricing, service, and
benefit, these segments can be targeted. The results suggest potential for retailers to stand out in the online grocery
buying market (2021).
Online buying has significantly increased since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Through the use of data at a
municipality level from an online supermarket in the Netherlands, the researchers particularly examine the impact of
the pandemic on demand for online food shopping. According to the study, a second hospital admittance added
application traffic by about 7.3% and added the sales per order by around 0.31 %. Community hospital admissions
increase application traffic within suburban areas but decrease the amount of sales/order compared to non-suburban
areas, showing that community COVID-19 circumstances have differing outcomes in suburban and non-suburban
municipalities. It has still to be seen whether the COVID-19 pandemic will result in a long-term rise in demand for
online grocery shopping (2020).
The study by Loketkrawee and Bhatiasevi looked at the variables influencing consumer purchasing intentions in the
Thai online grocery sector. The technology acceptance model, consumer purchasing orientation, and online
shopping experience are only a few of the ideas of technology adoption and shopping behavior that are incorporated
into the conceptual framework. The attitude has a very high predictive value for the desire to purchase groceries
online. Online buying is a technical decision as well as a customer one, and as such, it needs to be addressed,
according to the report (2018).
The study of Khan et al aims to understand Pakistani customers' attitudes and behaviors about online grocery
buying. Customers may choose to change and utilize shopping online for groceries and make shopping online their
primary method of purchasing products depending on the factors identified in this research study (product quality,
quality of service, product guarantees, consumer benefits, products and service cost, array of products and diversity,
risk that is perceived, norms dictated by society, and interface or design of the online platform). In comparison to all
other aspects, it was found that high perceived risk was the most crucial and relevant element when it came to online
grocery shopping. This study describes current internet buying patterns and how people feel about doing their
grocery shopping online. In addition, this study sheds light on how online grocery purchasing will develop in
Karachi, Pakistan (2020).

A study by Blistein researched on the reasons why people are changing their methods of purchasing food has been
motivated by the rise of online grocery shopping. The majority of study has depended on confirmatory methods
(such as surveys), which restrict the input of the user, or methods such as the ethnographic type, which offer a larger
in-depth insight of the experience of the consumer but are restricted to a small number of respondents. By utilizing
the numerous participants' open-ended comments to determine and calibrate consumer motives and advantages of
doing grocery shopping online, the current study fills a vacuum in the body of literature. Participants who were at
the age of 18 or older and the main home shopper of food provided information regarding online grocery shopping
in Germany and the United States. Findings exhibit that customers partake in shopping for groceries online for a
variety of reasons, coming from expressing to economizing aspects of the identity they have in society. The
conveniences that were most frequently stated are utility, functional needs such as making sure to save time and
money, or the added accessibility and availability of the products (2020).
3. Methods
The proponents of this article used the quantitative method to gather the data needed to create the product. A
questionnaire was prepared by the proponents of the article and was sent to the respondents. 50 responses were
recorded and used as data for the creation of the product. The design thinking approach was then used in accordance
with the data collected.
In the Empathize phase, understanding and empathizing with the possible consumers of the product is done. With
the given data, an Empathy Map was created as seen in Figure 1. The empathy map shows how general consumers
feel about physical and online grocery shopping. What they say, do, feel, and think are listed in the map which all
came from the data in the questionnaire.
Alongside the empathy map, POVs and Personas were also created to show the different types of grocery shoppers
as well as their current concerns and delights regarding physical and online grocery shopping. Through the POVs
and Personas, the biggest problem reached was that there were a lot of long lines and busy schedule problems that
the customers encountered.
Lastly, for the Empathize phase, journey mapping was done to see the possible route a customer could take when
doing their grocery shopping. The pain points were discovered as well as the positive points which helped in
identifying the frustrations and delights of the customer in grocery shopping.
Define was the next phase and focused on defining what the problems that needed to be solved were. This was done
through the POVs and HMW (How Might We) where the proponents asked several questions and brainstormed
about the problems. The questions to be made should be relevant to the creation of the product as it defined the
several problems that needed to be tackled and solved by the product.
Once all the problems and questions were asked, it was time to find solutions. That is when the Ideate phase comes
in. Diverse perspectives were used in this phase to find solutions and generate unexpected ideas that would help
solve the problems listed back in the Define phase. Feasibility and viability were not considered in this phase as that
can be handled in the Prototype phase. In this phase, the proponents of the article continued to brainstorm in
multiple sessions about the different solutions for each problem the grocery shopping customers had until a
compilation of such was created which signified that they were ready to approach the next phase.
The last phase is where the ideas are brought to life by the proponents of the article.The Prototype phase consisted of
the proponents sketching drafts of how the product would look like and what features it should exhibit based on the
solutions they compiled. There were several instances where the proponents encountered more problems as they
progressed with the prototype but, through brainstorming, they were able to provide solutions to such and continue
on with the process. Once the sketches and drafts were completed, the proponents began converting them into a
digital version as the product was to be a grocery shopping application.

4. Data Collection
The data collection was done through google forms where the proponents of this article gave a 34-question survey to
the respondents. This was done to gather valuable information the proponents needed to create the POVs, Personas,
How Might We, and proceed with the next phases of developing the design for the GroLive application. Once 50
respondents were accumulated, the data was collected and used for analysis.
5. Results and Discussion (12 font)
5.1 Numerical Results (11 font)

Age was the first question of the questionnaire and the results showed the following.
Table 1. Age
Age Number of
Respondents
13 1
17 1
19 1
21 7
22 6
23 3
24 1
25 5
26 5
28 1
29 1
30 3
33 1
36 1
39 1
40 1
50 1

52 1
54 2
56 2
61 1
64 1
66 1
67 1
68 1
77 1
5.2 Graphical Results (11 font)

Add graphical results here. Make sure to describe all figures and add inferences. If needed, add statistical analysis
here. (10 font)
Figure 1. How often the respondents grocery shop
33.3% of the respondents answered that they do grocery shopping once a week, 29.4% answered that they
do it once a month, 17.6% said that they do it twice a month, 13.7% said that they do it twice a week, and the
remaining 5.9% said that they do grocery shopping every week.

Figure 2. Going with someone or going alone
51% of the respondents said that they go alone when they do grocery shopping with 49% of the
respondents said that they go with someone when they go grocery shopping.
Figure 3. Time allotted for grocery shopping
43.1% of the respondents answered that they allot 30 minutes to 1 hour for grocery shopping, 29.4%
answered that they allot 1 hour to 2 hours, 17.6% said they allotted 2 hours or longer, and 9.8% of the respondents
said that they allot less than 30 minutes for grocery shopping.

Figure 4. List down or find on the go
56.9% of the respondents answered that they create a list of items to buy when they go grocery shopping
while 43.1% answered that they find the items as they go.
Figure 5. Difficulties of grocery shopping
72.5% of the respondents answered that the check-out lanes were long, 54.9% answered that the product
they wanted was unavailable or out of stock, 29.4% answered that navigating through the store was a hassle, and 2%
stated their own problems.

Figure 6. Mode of transportation
43.1% answered that they owned a private vehicle, 29.4% answered that they take public transportation,
and 27.5% answered that they walk to the grocery shopping center.
Figure 7. Walking experience
64.7% of the respondents said that they do not experience anything unpleasant when they walk to the
grocery store while 35.3% of the respondents said that they do experience unpleasant things when they walk to the
grocery store.

Figure 8. Public Transportation experience
56.9% said that they do not experience unpleasant things when they take the public transportation to the
grocery store while 43.1% said that they do.
Figure 9. Private Vehicle experience
68.6% answered that they do not experience any difficulties when going to the grocery store using a private
vehicle while 31.4% said that they do experience difficulties when going to the grocery store using a private vehicle.

Figure 10. Advantages of physical grocery shopping
58.8% answered that they can pick their groceries freely, 15.7% answered customer service, 29.4%
answered that there was no shipping cost or delivery fees, 23.5% answered faster exchange process of damaged
goods, and 41.2% answered all of the above.
Figure 11. Disadvantages of physical grocery shopping
37.3% answered time consuming, 41.2% answered possible risk of health safety, 47.1% answered
overspending on unnecessary items, 9.8% answered proximity of the store, 11.8% answered demographic
characteristic of the consumers themselves, and 17.6% answered all of the above.

Figure 12. Unavailable product
96.1% answered that there were instances wherein the product they are looking for was unavailable while
the remaining 3.9% answered no.
Figure 13. Other stores
60.8% answered that they were going to look at other stores when the product they were looking for was
not available in the initial store they went in while 39.2% answered that they were not going to go to another store in
that case.

Figure 14. Experience with online shopping
86.3% answered that they do have experience with online shopping while 13.7% answered that they do not.
Figure 15. Online Purchases
70% answered that they do have experience with purchasing online goods while 30% said that they do not.

Figure 16. Applications
9.8% answered MetroMart, 17.6% answered LazMart, 37.3% answered GrabMart, 15.7% answered SM
Supermarket, 5.9% answered Landers, 2% answered Bukid Fresh, 11.8% answered PureGo, and 41.2% answered
Others.
Figure 17. Application issues
37.3% answered that the goods were damaged or missing, 43.1% answered that their delivery took longer
than the estimated arrival time, 23.5% answered that the product delivered was no the same as the product ordered,
41.2% answered that the availability of the product was the problem, 25.5% answered the application or website
errors, and 21.6% answered others.

Figure 18. Advantages of online grocery shopping
51% answered that it was accessible anywhere for the users, 47.1% answered that it gives convenience to
the users, 45.1% answered that it was less time consuming, 41.2% answered that the mode of payment had a lot of
options, and 15.7% answered others.
Figure 19. Disadvantages of online grocery shopping
60.8% answered that they are limited to the items listed, 47.1% answered that the delivery time varies,
68.8% said that you cannot see the condition of the goods you are buying, and 15.7% said others.

Figure 20. Unavailable goods
82.4% answered that the products they were looking for online would sometimes be unavailable in the
shopping platforms while 17.6% said no.
Figure 21. Product type
37.3% said that they were looking for produce, 29.4% said that they were looking for meat, 29.4% said that
they were looking for fish, 27.5% said that they were looking for dairy products, 35.3% said that they were looking
for canned goods, 31.4% said that they were looking for condiments, 35.3% said they were looking for toiletries,
and 35.3% said that they were looking for other products.

Figure 22. Other applications
52.9% said that they would look in other applications if the product they are looking for is not in the
application they initially looked into while 47.1% said that they would not.
5.3 Proposed Improvements
Figure 23. Empathy Map

The results of the empathy phase were seen through the empathy map, POV, and Persona created. The
empathy map was created through the results of the questionnaire that was disseminated to the respondents. The
empathy map showed that the customers often say, think and feel that there are too many long lines and few
counters to accommodate them in their physical grocery shopping. In terms of online grocery shopping, they often
say and feel that the application they are using isn't enough in terms of product availability and it doesn't give them
confidence to shop for their meats and produce. They often have to go to different grocery shopping centers or
applications just to find the item they want. The figure above dictates the different emotions, thoughts, actions, and
spoken words by the different customers who have experienced either online grocery shopping and/or physical
grocery shopping. It shows just how frustrated they are when they no longer have the product within the store, when

the lines are long, when the product that arrived was wrong or not the quality they wanted, and when they received
the wrong package.
In the define phase, the results showed that the customers are eager to find solutions for the problems stated
and discovered in the empathy phase. The results of the how might we and POVs created showed the customer
problems and how they might be addressed by the proponents of the paper. This is taken into consideration heavily
as it would be the basis of ideas for the ideate phase. The how might we results showed the different problems that
were to be tackled in the ideate phase as these problems are different aspects of the grocery shopping experience.
Figure 24. How Might We
The results of the How Might We in the Ideate Phase show that there were several questions that needed to
be answered to accomplish the objective of the online grocery shopping platform. Most of the questions revolve
around how the application is going to be innovative and different from the already existing grocery applications.
This also shows how some of the questions can branch off into new ones and even those could branch out to more.
The given questions are only a few of what were actually asked but they cover the majority of the questions that
needed to be discussed and brainstormed with the team to provide solutions to the existing problem of the
consumers. Some questions targeted the time it took for a consumer to finish their transaction which would benefit
them as they do not have to spend long minutes just to have their order processed by the platform nor will they have
to wait long for their connection with the bank or e-wallet to load. It also tackled the issue of other grocery shopping
applications not having other devices integrated into their system meaning they only have one. The brainstorming
here in this question was quick as the solution was to provide more ways to access the online grocery shopping
application.

Figure 25. Mapping of issues
The mapping of the issues was done during the Ideate Phase and right after the How Might We section of
this phase. As the questions revealed the different problems and issues that needed to be tackled, these numerous
problems must be categorized and given solutions. The visual representation of this is through Figure 3 which shows
the column of problems, the column of solutions, and that these solutions will be implemented within the
application. These issues include the product quality which cannot be seen in other grocery shopping applications
due to them having no live video feed, the lack of products both in variety and quantity, the limited payment options
which a lot of users are frustrated about because they would need to find other ways to pay for their groceries,
having to travel to the grocery store, scheduling which is not present in most grocery shopping apps, the limited
acceptance methods, and limited devices. These were all solved through making sure the platform was both mobile
and website friendly, having multiple grocery shopping centers integrated into the application, including more
payment options, providing a stay at home shopping feel and adding more confidence in their shopping, allowing for
scheduled deliveries and pick up, and the live feed section for the meat and produce.

5.4 Validation
Figure 26. Prototype
After the ideate phase was finished where all the brainstorming led to ideas that were carefully considered
and validated by the group, the results of the prototype phase were finalized. The prototype includes a minimalist
concept to the online grocery shopping experience. It includes the basic account management features where a user
is capable of registering and logging in. For security purposes, it has a 2FA (two-factor authentication) and it is
required to protect the account of the user from being hacked. They would be met with the main page which shows
the current deals and promos for each product as well as the featured ones as well. Best-selling products and product
recommendations can be seen in the home page as well to give the user suggestions as to what they can purchase.
The application functions similarly to popular grocery shopping and online shopping applications but is
different in terms of accepting the product. Once a user is finished adding to cart all the products they want, they are
able to choose whether they would want their groceries to be delivered immediately, delivered at a scheduled date,
or pick it up themselves at a local branch. This gives them the freedom to pick and choose how they are going to
accept their orders. In terms of payment, there are multiple payment options such as debit card, credit card, online
wallet, and even cash on delivery. More payment options can be implemented as well into the system if prompted.
One of the main features of the prototype is the live feed section where the user is capable of picking and
choosing the meat and produce they want through a live video feed of the section. This gives the user shopping
confidence in picking and choosing the right product for them. Other grocery apps do not have such features which
do not inspire confidence in their shoppers. It is a simple procedure where the user can tap or click on the meat or
produce they would want and the employee manning that station would add it to their cart and show how much it
weighs as well as the price. The product could then be added to the cart once the user is finished.

6. Conclusion
To conclude, the objective of the article was to provide a grocery shopping application design that would help
grocery shoppers, business owners, franchise owners, ect. by providing innovative features that address the
problems of their physical and online grocery shopping. Through the design thinking phase, the GroLive application
was created and can address the stated problems of the grocery shoppers. The application is able to give consumers
multiple acceptance methods like delivery, scheduled delivery, and pick up. It provides various payment methods
such as cash on delivery, debit card, credit card, and e-wallets with the ability to integrate more payment methods
when necessary. The live feed function directly solves shopping confidence in terms of selecting meats and produce.
Overall, the online grocery shopping application solves the problems that were discovered through the methodology
and innovates the online grocery shopping experience.
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Jonathan L. Blitstein, Florentine Frentz & Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts (2020) A Mixed-method Examination of
Reported Benefits of Online Grocery Shopping in the United States and Germany: Is Health a Factor?, Journal
of Food Products Marketing, 26:3, 212-224, DOI: 10.1080/10454446.2020.1754313

Biography (12 font)

Add each author biography – limited to 250 words. (10 font)
Page Layout
● 8 1/2" X 11" paper
● All margins: 1.00"
● Full justification
● Times New Roman font
● Maximum 12 pages
● Single space for entire manuscript
● Each paper should have abstract, introduction, literature review with minimum 15 citations including some
recent publications, methods, data analysis, numerical and graphical results, statistical analysis, validation,
conclusion and references.
● Conference name as a header and copyright information as footer must be used. Copyright information
implies that IEOM Society International has right to publication the paper
1. Headings (12 font)

12 font size with bold and left justification
Header should have numbering
1.1 Sub-Headings (11 font)

Title – 11 font with sub-numbering
Text – 10 font with no indexing
One space between paragraphs
Literature Review
If author is mentioned at the beginning for the citation:
Rener (2020) developed the SC network with uncertainty. - For Single author
Rener and Ali (2020) developed the SC network with uncertainty. - For two authors
Rener et al. (2020) developed the SC network with uncertainty. - For more than two authors
or if author is mentioned at the end for the citation:
SC network was developed with uncertainty (Rener 2020). - For single author
SC network was developed with uncertainty (Rener and Ali 2020). - For two authors
SC network was developed with uncertainty (Rener et al. 2020). - For more than two authors
Full details should be provided at the end for Reference Section:
Rener, A., Optimization of the supply chain network using uncertainty, International Journal of Industrial
Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, 2020.
Rener, A. and Ali, A., Optimization of the supply chain network using uncertainty, International Journal of
Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, 2020.
Rener, A., Ali, A. and Reimer, D., Optimization of the supply chain network using uncertainty, International
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, 2020.
Few aspects to be considered to prepare a literature review:

● Introductory write up for literature review
● Make sure to add some recent references

● Avoid paper-by-paper review. It should be based on category. Similar topics, applications or tools could be
added in one paragraph. Few citations should be in a paragraph.
● A summary paragraph should be added.
Figures
● Texts of figure should be readable
● Original high quality pictures
● Center justification
● Title of Figure should be in center and it must be mentioned as “Figure x: …”
● Title of figure should be sentence case with center justification and 10 font
● Title should be after figure
● All figure numbers must be mentioned in the body of the paper.
● One space between texts and figure, figure and title of the figure and title of the figure and texts.
100
80
60
East
40 West
20 North
0
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Figure 1. Name of the figure
Tables
● Texts of table should be readable
● Center justification
● Title of table should be in center and it must be mentioned as “Table x: …” It should be added before table.
● Title of table should be sentence case with center justification and 10 font size
● All table numbers must be mentioned in the body of the paper.
● One space between texts and table, table and title of the table and title of the table and texts.
Table 1. Name of the table
Equations
Equation numbering is optional.
Acknowledgements
Add acknowledgement if needed
IEOM Reference Format

Citation Styles
If author is mentioned at the beginning for the citation, use the below format:

Rener (2020) developed the SC network with uncertainty. - For Single author
Rener and Ali (2020) developed the SC network with uncertainty. - For two authors
Rener et al. (2020) developed the SC network with uncertainty. - For more than two authors
If author is mentioned at the end for the citation, use the below format:
SC network was developed with uncertainty (Rener 2020). - For single author
SC network was developed with uncertainty (Rener and Ali 2020). - For two authors
SC network was developed with uncertainty (Rener et al. 2020). - For more than two authors
Full details should be provided at the end for Reference Section:
Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, 2020.
Rener, A. and Ali, A., Optimization of the supply chain network using uncertainty, International Journal of
Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, 2020.
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, 2020.
References Guidelines
● References title – 12 font with bold and left justification
● References texts – 10 font
● Use single space
● No empty line between two references
● No numbering should be used for references
● Last name and year should be used for any reference citation. Last name and year should be used for single
author and double authors. For more than two authors, last name of the first author and “et al.” with year should
be used. For examples: Reimer (2009), (Reimer 2009), Reimer and Ali (2009), (Reimer and Ali 2009), Reimer
et al. (2009) and (Reimer et al. 2009). Number is not allowed in the reference citation.
● All references must be cited in the paper.
● Journal and conference names should in italic.
● Title of the book should be in italic.
● All lines after the first line of references list should be indented one-fourth (1/4) inch from the left margin. This
is called hanging indentation.
● Below are some examples.
For journal papers
One author
Last name, first initial., Title of the paper, Journal Name, vol., no., pp., year.
Lee, J., Measurement of machine performance degradation using a neural network model, International Journal of
Modelling and Simulation, vol.16, no. 4, pp. 192-199, 1996.
Two author (more authors will have similar format with addition authors)
Last name, first initial. and last name, first initial., Title of the paper, Journal/Conference Name, vol., no., pp, year.
Cook, V. and Ali, A., End-of-line inspection for annoying noises in automobiles: trends and perspectives, Applied
Acoustic, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 265-275, 2012.
Rahman, M. A., Sarker, B. R. and Escobar, L. A., Peak demand forecasting for a seasonal product using Bayesian
approach, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 62, pp. 1019-1028, 2011.

Reimer, D., and Ali, A., Engineering education and the entrepreneurial mindset at Lawrence Tech, Proceedings of
the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Istanbul, Turkey, July 3 –
6, 2012.
Shetty, D., Ali, A. and Cummings, R., A model to assess lean thinking manufacturing initiatives, International
Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 310-334, 2010.
For conference papers
One author
Last name, first initial. Title of the paper, Conference Name, pp. xx-xx, city, country, dates, year.
Reimer, D., Entrepreneurship learning experiences, Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on
Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, pp. xx-xx, Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022.
O’Neill, E., Introduction to Improving Adaptive Snow-Sports through Engineering Design, Ergonomic Form and
Function, Proceedings of the 4th North American International Conference on Industrial Engineering and
Operations Management, pp. 1486-1487, Toronto, Canada, October 23-25, 2019.
Two author (more authors will have similar format with addition authors)
Last name, first initial. and last name, first initial., Title of the paper, Conference Name, pp. xx-xx, city, country,
dates, year.
Aghimien, D. and Aigbavboa, C., Performance of selected funding schemes used in delivering educational buildings
in Nigeria, Proceedings of the 3rd North American International Conference on Industrial Engineering and
Operations Management, pp. 108-119, Washington DC, USA, September 27-29, 2018.
Motsepe, Y. A., Makhanya, B. and Pretorius, J.H.C., Exploring the impact project definition readiness index on
capital projects for coal-fired power station projects, Proceedings of the First African International Conference
on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, pp. 638-649, Pretoria, South Africa, October 29 –
November 1, 2018.
For books
Last Name, First Initial. and Last Name, First Initial., Title of the book, edition, publisher, year.
Chang, T., Wysk, R. and Wang, H., Computer-Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2006.
For website
Last Name, First Initial. and Last Name, First Initial., Article title article title article title article title article title,
Available: http://www.ieomsociety.org/Details.aspx?id=xxx, May 21, 2019. If the author's name is not listed,
begin with the title of the article for citation.
Name of the website, Available: http://www.ieomsociety.org/Details.aspx?id=xxx, Accessed on May 21, 2019.
For Newspaper
Last Name, First Initial. and Last Name, First Initial., Newspaper article title, date of publication, URL. Accessed
Month Day, Year. If the author's name is not listed, begin with the title of the newspaper article for citation.
All references should be organized alphabetically
References

Aghimien, D. and Aigbavboa, C., Performance of selected funding schemes used in delivering educational buildings
in Nigeria, Proceedings of the 3rd North American International Conference on Industrial Engineering and
Operations Management, pp. 108-119, Washington DC, USA, September 27-29, 2018.
Ali, A. and Rener, A., Optimization of the supply chain network using uncertainty, International Journal of
Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, year.
Chang, T., Wysk, R. and Wang, H., Computer-Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2006.
Cook, V. and Ali, A., End-of-line inspection for annoying noises in automobiles: trends and perspectives, Applied
Acoustic, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 265-275, 2012.
Krstovski, S., Quality index, www.ieomsociety.org/newsletter/. Accessed May 21, 2020.
Lee, J., Measurement of machine performance degradation using a neural network model, International Journal of
Modelling and Simulation, vol.16, no. 4, pp. 192-199, 1996.
Masud, A.S.M. and Whitman, L.E., Educating future engineers: An example, Proceedings of the First International
Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, pp. 175-179, Dhaka, Bangladesh, January
9 – 10, 2010.
Motsepe, Y. A., Makhanya, B. and Pretorius, J.H.C., Exploring the impact project definition readiness index on
capital projects for coal-fired power station projects, Proceedings of the First African International Conference
on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, pp. 638-649, Pretoria, South Africa, October 29 –
November 1, 2018.
O’Neill, E., Introduction to Improving Adaptive Snow-Sports through Engineering Design, Ergonomic Form and
Function, Proceedings of the 4th North American International Conference on Industrial Engineering and
Operations Management, pp. 1486-1487, Toronto, Canada, October 23-25, 2019.
Rahman, M. A., Sarker, B. R. and Escobar, L. A., Peak demand forecasting for a seasonal product using Bayesian
approach, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 62, pp. 1019-1028, 2011.
Reimer, D., and Ali, A., Engineering education and the entrepreneurial mindset at Lawrence Tech, Proceedings of
the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Istanbul, Turkey, July 3 –
6, 2012.
Reimer, D., Entrepreneurship learning experiences, Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on
Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, pp. xx-xx, Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022.
Reimer, D., Entrepreneurship, innovation and experiential learning, Available: http://www.ieomsociety.org/id=xxx,
May 21, 2019.
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, year.
Engineering and Operations Management, vol. xx, no. xx, year.
Retnanto, A., Parsaei, H.R. and Parsaei, B., The role of program advisory board in elevating the degree program
content Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations
Management, pp. 739-741, Bangkok, Thailand, March 5-7, 2019.
Shetty, D., Ali, A. and Cummings, R., A model to assess lean thinking manufacturing initiatives, International
Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 310-334, 2010.
Biography / Biographies (for single author – biography and multiple authors- biographies) – 12
font bold
● Include bio of each author at the end of the paper

● Limited to 250 words
Jafri Bin Mohd Rohani is senior lecturer at School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. He graduated PhD from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in 2014,
obtained his M.Sc (Industrial Systems Engineering) from Ohio University, USA in 1995 and B.Sc (Industrial
Enginnering), New Mexico State University, USA (1988. He has been teaching at UTM specializing Industrial
Engineering courses for more than 30 years. He is now supervising undergraduate and postgraduate students as part
of academic responsibilities. He is very active in journal and conference publications with a total of 23 Indexed
Journals and 6 of them from ISI Index Journal. His H-Index is currently stands at 8. He has published 1 research
book and 2 book chapters. The total research funding received so far is RM 569,500 with the amount of RM 106,400
as Principal Investigator. With his experience, he actively participated in various Scientific, Technical committees

and Conferences. He has been invited as 2 keynote speaker at International Conferences and invited speaker at
Universitas Sebelah Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia. He is appointed as Editorial Boards at one local journal and one
international journal. He has also being appointed as Technical Committee at various International and Local
conferences. He is also appointed as NIOSH expert consultant to assist NIOSH staffs to conduct research and
training activities. He is also currently engaged with DOSH, Malaysia to carryout OSHCIM Implementation Project
in Construction Industry with a total consultancy services of RM 748,000. He is involve in various committee at
School of Mechanical Enginnering and also become resource person in Occupational and Safety Health at UTM. He
is now project coordinator for 2 MOUs with NIOSH Malaysia and Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Wahyudi Sutopo is a professor in industrial engineering and coordinator for the research group of industrial
engineering and techno-economy (RG-RITE) of Faculty Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia.
He earned his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering & Management from Institut Teknologi Bandung in 2011. He has
done projects with Indonesia endowment fund for education (LPDP), sustainable higher education research alliances
(SHERA), MIT-Indonesia research alliance (MIRA), PT Pertamina (Persero), PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing
Indonesia, and various other companies. He has published more than 165 articles indexed Scopus, and his research
interests include logistics & supply chain management, engineering economy, cost analysis & estimation, and
technology commercialization. He is a member of the board of industrial engineering chapter - the institute of
Indonesian engineers (BKTI-PII), Indonesian Supply Chain & Logistics Institute (ISLI), Society of Industrial
Engineering, and Operations Management (IEOM), and Institute of Industrial & Systems Engineers (IISE).
Ahad Ali is an Associate Professor and Director of Industrial Engineering Program in the A. Leon Linton
Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Industrial Engineering at the Lawrence Technological University,
Southfield, Michigan, USA. He earned B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Khulna University of Engineering and
Technology, Bangladesh, Masters in Systems and Engineering Management from Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore and PhD in Industrial Engineering from University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He has
published journal and conference papers. Dr Ali has completed research projects with Chrysler, Ford, New Center
Stamping, Whelan Co., Progressive Metal Manufacturing Company, Whitlam Label Company, DTE Energy, Delphi
Automotive System, GE Medical Systems, Harley-Davidson Motor Company, International Truck and Engine
Corporation (ITEC), National/Panasonic Electronics, and Rockwell Automation. His research interests include
manufacturing, simulation, optimization, reliability, scheduling, manufacturing, and lean. He is member of IEOM,
INFORMS, SME and IEEE.
Donald M. Reimer is the managing member of The Small Business Strategy Group, L.L.C and serves as an adjunct
professor at Lawrence Technological University. Mr. Reimer holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial
Management from Lawrence Technological University and a Master of Arts degree in Political Science from
University of Detroit/Mercy. He has been recognized as a professional management consultant with over 45 years of
experience in working with closely-held businesses. He has taught courses in entrepreneurship, management and
corporate entrepreneurship and innovation for engineers. Mr. Reimer served as member of the Minority Economic
Development Committee of New Detroit. He has served as a KEEN Fellow for The Kern Family Foundation. He is
member of the Lawrence Tech Alumni Board of Directors and has elected a Fellow of the IEOM Society
International. Mr. Reimer is a faculty advisor of the Student Chapter of the IEOM Society at Lawrence Tech.

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Proceedings of the 3rd Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations

Management, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, September 13-15, 2022

GroLive: An online grocery shopping application

Aaron John Sangalang Marquez

Allen Ray Mendoza Soria

© IEOM Society International

© IEOM Society International

© IEOM Society International

© IEOM Society International

© IEOM Society International

5. Results and Discussion (12 font)

5.1 Numerical Results (11 font)

© IEOM Society International

5.2 Graphical Results (11 font)

Figure 1. How often the respondents grocery shop

© IEOM Society International

Figure 2. Going with someone or going alone

Figure 3. Time allotted for grocery shopping

© IEOM Society International

Figure 4. List down or find on the go

Figure 5. Difficulties of grocery shopping

© IEOM Society International

Figure 6. Mode of transportation

Figure 7. Walking experience

© IEOM Society International

Figure 8. Public Transportation experience

Figure 9. Private Vehicle experience

© IEOM Society International

Figure 10. Advantages of physical grocery shopping

Figure 11. Disadvantages of physical grocery shopping

© IEOM Society International

Figure 12. Unavailable product

Figure 13. Other stores

© IEOM Society International

Figure 14. Experience with online shopping

Figure 15. Online Purchases

© IEOM Society International

Figure 16. Applications

Figure 17. Application issues

© IEOM Society International

Figure 18. Advantages of online grocery shopping

Figure 19. Disadvantages of online grocery shopping

© IEOM Society International

Figure 20. Unavailable goods

Figure 21. Product type

© IEOM Society International

Figure 22. Other applications

5.3 Proposed Improvements

Figure 23. Empathy Map

© IEOM Society International

Figure 24. How Might We

© IEOM Society International

Figure 25. Mapping of issues

© IEOM Society International

Figure 26. Prototype

© IEOM Society International

© IEOM Society International

Biography (12 font)

1. Headings (12 font)

1.1 Sub-Headings (11 font)

or if author is mentioned at the end for the citation:

Full details should be provided at the end for Reference Section:

Few aspects to be considered to prepare a literature review: