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    26 views17 pages

    Neet Jee Mains Chapterwise Structure of Atom

    Uploaded by

    Ryuk An
    this is the pdf file for neet,jee mains and jee advanced aspirants. here i have uploaded chemistry chapter no.2 previous years questions....

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    CHAPTER Structure of Atom I Section-a TITAS 3 5 Rts 1. Themass of hydrogen atom is. fine Marky 2. Isotopes ofan element differ in the number of | in their nuclei (1982-1 Mark) 3. When therearetwoelectrons in the same orbital, they have spins. (4982-1 Mark) 4. Elements ofthe same mass number but of different atomic numbers are known as (1983 - 1 Mark) ‘The uncertainty principle and the concept of wave nature of matter were proposed by and respectively. (Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Maxwell, de Broglic) (1988 - 1 Mark) 6. The light radiations with discrete quantities of energy are called (4993 - 1 Mark) 7. Wave functions of electrons in atoms and molecules are called (1993 - 1 Mark) 8 The 2p,, 2py and 2p. orbitals of atom have identical shapes but differ in their (1993-1 Mark) ‘The outermost electronic configuration of Cris (1994-1 Mark) 8 Rio 1. The outer electronic configuration of the ground state chromium atom is 344s, (4982-1 Mark) 2. Gamma raysare electromagnetic radiations of wavelengths of 10-em to 10-5 em, (1983 - 1 Mark) 3. Theenergy ofthe electron in the 3c-orbital is ess than that inthe ds-orbital inthe hydrogen atom. (1983-1 Mark) 4. Theelectron density in the X¥plane in 34,2 _ 42 otbital is 2200. (1986 - 1 Mark) 5. Inagivenlectric particlesare deflected more than ca-particles in spite of «-particles having larger charge (1993-1 Mark) c ERCreryeiconuss ‘The number of neutrons in dipositive zine ion with mass ‘number 70 is (979) @ 4 &) 36 © 8 @ 0 Rutherford’s experiment on scattering of a-particles showed forthe firsttime that the atom has (1981-1 Mark) (a) electrons (b) protons (c) nucleus Any p-orbital can accommodate upto (@)_ four electrons (b) sixelectrons (©) twoelectrons with parallel spins (@) two electrons with opposite spins The principal quantum number of an atom is related tothe (1983 - 1 Mark) (4) neutrons (1983 - 1 Mark) (@) size ofthe orbital (6). spinangular momentum (©) ambital angular momentum (@) orientation ofthe orbital in space Rutherford’ scattering experiment is related to the size of the (1983 - 1 Mark) (@)_ nucleus (6) atom (©) electron (@) neutron The increasing order (Jowest first) forthe values of e/m (charge/mass) for electron (e), proton (p), neutron (n) and alpha particle (a)is (1984-1 Mark) (a) e,p.na (b) m,p.ea (©) np.ae (d) n,a,pe Correct set of four quantum numbers for the valence (outermost) electron of rubidium (Z= 37) is (1984-1 Mark) @ 5,0,0,4% 0) 5.1.0,4% (©) 5,1,1,4+% (d) 6,0,0,+% Which electronic level would allow the hydrogen atom to absorb a photon but not to emit a photon? (1984-1 Mark) (@) 3 © 2 (&) 2p @ Is GP_3021 10, 1B. 4 16. n. ——___ Tropiie-wise Sotved Papers - CHEMISTRY ‘Bohr mode! ean explain (@) the spectrum of hydrogen atom only (b) spectrum of an atom or ion containing one electron only (ce) the spectrum of hydrogen molecule (d)_ the solar spectrum The radius ofan atomic nucleus is ofthe order of (1985-1 Mark) (a) 10cm (b) 10cm () 10cm (@) 10%cm Electromagnetic radiation wth maximum wavelength is (1985 - 1 Mark) (@) ultraviolet (©) radiowave (©) X-ray (@)_ infrared Rutherford’ alpha particle seatering experiment eventually Jed tothe conclusion that (1986-1 Mark) (a) mass and energy are related (b) electrons occupy space around the nucleus: (©) neutrons are buried deep in the nucleus (d)_ the point of impact with matter can be precisely determined Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers represents an impossible arrangement? (1986 - 1 Mark) loom Mm, ®3 2 2 ¥ (b) 4 oO 0 % @ 3 2 3 % @ 5 3 0 ” The ratio ofthe energy ofa photon of 2000A wavelength radiation tthat of 40004 radiation is: (7986-1 Mark) fa) % (b) 4 © % @ 2 The iad of nucle that is isotonic is (1985 - 1 Mark) (1988 - 1 Mark) Ue! Ng i @ CGN, GP (EC. GN, SF © CGN.GF @ Be. GN, SF ‘The wavelength of'a spectral line for an electronic transition is inversely related to (1988 - 1 Mark) (@)_thenumber of lectrons undergoing the transition (b) the nuclear charge of the atom (© the difference in the energy of the energy levels involved inthe transition (@ the elosty ofthe letron undergoing the transition ‘The rita diagram in which the Aulbou principles vilated is (1988-1 Mark) a » @ [N NYT (b) [Ft ttt © [N TTT 18, 19. 20, a 2. 2B. m4, 28, o WITT The outermost electronic configuration of the most cleetronegative element is (1988 - 1 Mark) ()_ ns? np? (b)_ ns? npt (©) ns? np* ()_ ns? mph The correct ground state electronic configuration of chromium atom is: (1989 - 1 Mark) (@) [Ar]3a4s! (b) [Ar3dast © [Ande (©) [Anda 4st ‘The correct set of quantum numbers for the unpaired clectron of chlorine atom is (1989-1 Mark) n 1 m @ 2 1 0 o 2 1 1 © 3 1 1 @ 3 0 0 Which of the following does not characterise X-rays? (1992-1 Mark) (a) The radiation can ionise gases (b) ecauses ZnS to fluorescence (©). Defected by electric and magnetic fields (@) Have wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet rays Which ofthe following relates to photons both as wave motion and asa stream ofparicles? (1992-1 Mark) (@) Inference (0) B=me? (©) Difaction (@) Ein A 3p orbital has (19955) (@)_ two non spherical nodes (b) two spherical nodes (©) one spherical & one non spherical node (@) one spherical and two non spherical nodes Theorbital angular momentum ofan electron in 2s orbitals: (1996 - 1 Mark) Lh a b) Ze @ +p () Zero h h © a) 2. oF @ a5 Forad-clectron, the orbital angular momentum is (1997-1 Mark) (@) Vo(h/2n) (©) V2(h/2) (©) (hi2m) (@ 20h/2m) ‘The electrons, identified by quantum numbers m and J, ()n=4,1= 1 (i) (il)n=3,1=2, and (v)n=3, T= | can be placed in order of increasing energy, from the lowest to highest, as (1999 -2 Marks) @) (—. This momentum for an s-cleetron will be given by {2003} h (a) zero (>) on h @ th © ae © +335 5 Which one of the following groupings represents a collection of isoelectronic species %(At. nos. : Cs : $5, Br:35) (2003) (a) N¥,F,Na* (b) Be, Al*,Cl- (© C#*,C',Br (@) Na", Ca, Mg In Bohr series oflines of hydrogen spectrum, the third line from the red end corresponds to which one ofthe following iner-orbit jumps ofthe cletron for Bohr orbits in an atom of hydrogen {2003}, @ $52 © 451 © 245 @ 352 The de Broglie wavelength ofatennis ball ofmass 60g moving with a velocity of 10 metres per second is approximately (2003) (@) 10>! metres (b) 10° metres (©) 10° metres (@) 10° metres Planck's constant, h=6.63 » 1043s, Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is correct foran electron in 4f orbital ? [2004] Structure of Atom 10, UL 4 18, 16. Consider the ground state of Cr atom (X=24), The number ofelectrons with the azimuthal quantum numbers, ¢= Land 2are, respectively [2004] (@ 16and4 (b) 12ands (©) Wanda (@ IGands ‘The wavelength ofthe radiation emitted, when ina hydrogen atom electron falls from infinity to stationary state 1, would be (Rydberg constant = 1,097%107 m!) 12004] (@ 406nm (b) 192m, © nm @ 9bd0%nm Which one of the following sets of ions represents the collection of isoelectronic species? [2004], (@)_K*.Cr, Mg, Sc (b)Nat,Ca*, So, (©) K*Ca,Se%,Cr —(€)_ Nat, Mg, AI, (Atomic nos. :F =9, C= 17, Na= 11, Mg= 12, AL= 13, K=19,Ca=20,Se=21) In a multi-electron atom, which of the following orbitals ‘described by the three quantum members will have the same ‘energy inthe absence of magnetic and electric fields? 12005), m=0 © n-2/=1m=1 © 0-3, @ Danae ©) (Chand) © @and©) (@ (And ®) OF the following sets which one does NOT contain isoelectronic species? 12008) @B) n=2,1=0, ©) n=3,/=2,m=1 m=0 (@ BO}”,CO},NO} (b) S03", CO}, NOZ © ONN,CH —— @ PO}, $0", C10; According to Bohr’s theory, the angular momentum of an electron in SY orbit is [2006] (@) 10h/x (b) 2Sh/x (©) Shin @ 10h/x Uncertainty in the position of an electron (mass = 9.1 107 kg) moving with a velocity 300 ms, accurate upto 0.001% willbe 20061, (@ 192%102m (©) 192*102m (b) 3.84% 102m (@ 576% 107m (h=6.63 « 10Js) Which one of the following sets of ions represents colletion of isoelectronic species? [2006] @ NOR FS (b) Li*,Na' Me, Cat (©) K*,Cr,Ca®*, Se (@)_ Ba®*, Sr*,K*, Ca? Wm. 18, 19. a 2. 2B. mM Which ofthe following sets of quantum numbers represents the highest energy of an atom? 12007) @ n=4,1=0,m=0,s=+172 Which one of the following constitutes a group of the isoelectronic species? {2008} (@) CH,07,C0,NO_— (0) NO*,C},CN-.N 2 (©) CN",N2,0} CF @)_Nz,03,NO*,CO The ionization enthalpy of hydrogen atom is 1.312 * 1083 ‘mol! The energy required to excite the electron inthe atom is (2008), (@ 851% 105Jmot (b) 656% 105J mot (©) 756% 1083mor! (a) 9.84 108 mot! Calculate the wavelength (in nanometer) associated with a proton moving at 1.0 * 10° ms~! (Mass of proton = 1.67 « 10-27 kgand h=6.63 * 10-5) (@) 040m () 25nm 12009], (© 140nm (@ 032mm In an atom, an electron is moving with a speed of 600 mis with an accuracy of 0.005%. Certainity with which the Position ofthe electron can be located is (h=6 6» 10k m?s-!, mass ofelectron, e Vkg): [2009], (@ 5.10107 m () 192% 109m (©) 384* 103m (@ 152 10-4m The energy required to break one mole of Cl Cl bonds in Cl, is242 kJ mol"! The longest wavelength oflight capable ofbreaking a single Cl ~Cl bond is fromn= ton. (c=3% 108 ms!andN,=602 «103 mol), (2010) (@) 594nm (b) 640nm (©) 700nm @) 494mm Tonisation energy of He’ is 196 » 10-¥ Jaton The energy ‘ofthe first stationary state (n=!) of L?*is [2010] (@) 4811016 Fatom! —(b) 4.41 10-7 Sater! (© 22 «10'S Satom-! 882% 10-17 Fatom-! ‘A gas absorbs a photon of 355 nm and emits at two ‘wavelengths. Ione ofthe emissions iat 680 nm, the other isat 011) (@ 103Snm © 761m (b) 325mm (@ 518mm ory 25, Ihe electrons identified by quantum numbers m and ¢ ) n=, B) n=4, © n=3, (D n=3, can be placed in order of increasing energy as @ O B® Me 2% 22. (d) 23. (b) 4. () (b) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (b) Section-A #)2Fi s/s 33 A. Flin the Blanks 5. Helsenberg,de-Broglie; 1.66 * 1077 kg 6 photons Mass of hycrogen atom tee __ Atomic mass of hydrogen __ 1.008 orientation in space “Avogadro number 6.02103 9 4st, 308; = 0.166 « 103 neutrons; antiparallel; or opposite isobars; 1,66 « 1027 kg The electronic configuration of Cris: 1s2, 25%, 2p 38, 3p%, 431,306 Outermost electronic configuration is 3°, 4s! cs18 L L 9. B. True/False False : The outer electronic configuration of the ground state chromium atom is 3d°4s!, as half filled orbitals are ‘more stable than nearly half filled orbitals, False : Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiations of wavelengths 10° em to 10°" em, ‘True: Although energies of the sand p orbitals forthe same principal quantum number are very close to each other; the energy of the corresponding d orbitals is much higher. For example, the energy of 3d orbitals is much more than that of | 3s and 3p, orbitals but less than 4s orbitals in case of H atom. False: The orbital 3d,>_,2liealong X and Yaxis where electron density is maximum. True : particles are deflected more than particles because they have very-very large e/m value as compared to ca-partcles due to the fact that electrons are much lighter than He species. C. MCQs with One Correct Answer (@ No. ofneutrons = Mass number ~ Atomic number —30= 40, (©) Rutherford’s scattering experiment led to the discovery of nucleus (@ One p-orbital can accommodate up to two electrons ‘with opposite spin while p-subshell can accommodate upto six electrons. (a) The principal quantum number (n) i related tothe size ‘ofthe orbital (n= 1,2,3....) (a) According to Rutherford'sexperiment, "The central part ‘consisting of whole ofthe positive charge and most of| the mass, called nucleus, is extremely small in size ‘compared to the size ofthe atom.” protor (@) Rbhas the configuration : 1s? 2s'p? 3s"p*d"® 4spP 5s", and s=+ is correct set ofquantum. ‘numbers for valence shell electron of Rb. (@ NOTE : Energy is emitted when electron falls from higher energy level to lower energy level and energy js absorbed when electron moves from lower level to higher level Isis the lowest energy evel of electron in an atom. ‘An electron in 1s level of hydrogen can absorb ‘energy but cannot emit energy. (©) Bohr model can explain spectrum of atomslions ‘containing one electron only. 10. 2 1B. 15. 16. 17. 19, 20, 21, 2, a © © » © @ @ © © © 1 @ © © @ Topic-wise Solved Papers - CHEMISTRY The radius of nucleus is of the order of 1.5 « 10-to 65% 10 mor 1.5 106.5 Fermi (I Fermi= 10" em) ‘TIPS/Formulae : The fllowing isthe increasing order of wavelength or decreasing order of energy of electromagnetic radiations, cosmic ays ras | kas ae Visible alg Infra-red radiation 212 Micro waves Radio waves Among given choices radiowaves have maximum wavelength. Electrons in an atom occupy the extra nuclear region, 1f/=2,m2-3, mwill vary from 2 t0+2. ie. possible values of mare~2,~1,0,+ 1 and+2. B= ME9,=2000 A, 4000 A; Isotones have same number of neutrons. All atoms in triad (a) have same number of neutrons (= 4-Z=8), Difference in the energy ofthe energy levels involved inthe transition. According to Aufbau principle, the orbital of lower ‘energy (2s) should be fully filled before the filling of ‘orbital of higher energy starts PS/Formulae : The element having highest tendency to accept the electron will be most electronegative element Configuration ns*, np> means it requires only one electron to attain nearest noble gas configuration, So, it will be most electronegative element among given choices. NOTE : Exactly hailed orbitals are more stable than nearly half filled orbitals Cr (At. no, 24) has configuration [Ar] 30°, 4s! Electronic configuration of chlorine is [Ne] 38°, 3p° +, Unpaired electron is found in 3p sub-shell 2 m=3,1=1,m=1 X-rays can ionise gases and cannot gt deflected by electric and magnetic fields, wavelength ofthese rays is 150%00.1A. Thus the wavelength of Xraysis shorter ‘than that of u.v. rays. As packet of energy equal to hy, as wave having frequency Structure of Atom, ———________ 23, 24, 25. (a) 26. 2. 28, 29, (© TIPS/Formulae : Total nodes No. of radial nodes = n= 1— 1 No. of angular nodes For 3p sub-shell, n No. of radial nodes :. No. of angular nodes (© TIPSFormulae nol h Orbital angular momentum (mr) = 5° YIT#D) For 2s orbital, / (azimuthal quantum number) = 0 Orbital angular momentum =O. ‘The expression for orbital angular momentum is sopianoncn = T=) Oe, For d orbital, =2. h Hence, = J22+H( 2) = ve( 4) Bn (2) TIPS/Formulae: The two guiding rules oarrange the various orbitals in the increasing energy are (@ Energy ofan orbital increases with increase inthe value of n+ /. (i) Oforbitals having the same value of + / the obital with lower value of has lower energy. “Thus forthe given orbitals, we have () ntl=4e1=5 Gi) ntl=4+0=4 (in (inyns ene, the order of increasing energy is <<< (@) p,orbital being dumbell shaped, have number of nodal planes= 1, inyz plane 2p, (©) 344s! system is more stable than 34s, hence former isthe ground state configuration. (@) TIPS/Formulae : According to de-Broglie’s equation Ah Pom Given, h= 6.6 » 10° Js, m= 200 » 10° kg amis 60x60 66x10 38 10 m 200% 10 x 5/(60% 60) 32, 34, 36. 37, @ © @ @ © © @ os19 ‘The term spin implies that this magnetic moment is, produced by the electron charge as the electron rotates about its own axis, Although this conveys a vivid mental picture of the source of the magnetism, the electron is not an extended body and its rotation is meaningless. Electron spin has no classical ‘counterpart; the magnetic moment is a consequence ‘of relativistic shifts in local space and time due to the high effective velocity of the electron in the atom. Rutherford's experiment was actually a_-particle seattering experiment, « -Particle is doubly positively ‘charged helium ion ie, He- nucleus. As per Pauli Exclusion Principle “no two electrons in the same atom can haveaall the four quantum numbers ‘equal or an orbital cannot contain more than two electrons and it can accommodate two electrons only ‘when their directions of spins are opposite”. 2 ‘TIPS/Formulae : r, = 0. S29 For hydrogen, = 1 and For Be*,n=2 and Z=4; 05292? Lge = 0529 ‘TIPS/Formala amber ofadil nodes =(n- 11) For 3s: 0 (Number of radial node=2) For 2p n2, = 1 (Number ofraial node =0) Average atomic mass of Fe (545) (56x50) #1575) - 100 As per Boh’s postulate, nh nh 35.95 Since, So, for 2% Bohr orbit ay x2? T af 2m Ye 2" ann x(4ay?) 32K? ma Radial probability function curve for 1s is (D) Here Pis 4x22 day GP_3021 cs20 D. MCQs with One or More Than One Correct 1. (ba) TAsand 78Se have same number of neutrons (A-Zyas Be 2 (ae) Because they have isotopes with different masses. The average atomic mass is the weighed mean of their presence in nature; eg. CI and CP” are present inratio3 1 innature ae Essen 3. (a6) ceparticles pass through because most part of the atom is empty, 4. (Gd) _Intritium (the isotope of hydrogen) nucleus there is ‘one proton and 2 neutrons. :. n*p=3. In deuterium nucleus there is one proton and one neutron sntp=2. The energy of an electron on Bohr orbits of hydrogen atoms is given by the expression Constant e Where n takes only integral values, For the first Bohr orbit, n= I and itis given that E, =-13.6eV SS2V ortne given values ofenery, Hence E, = only ~ 3.4 eV and ~ 1.5 eV can be obtained by substituting n =2 and 3 respectively in the above expression 6 (wag) (a) 94CF= 12, 22298, 3° 3Yh 38s! = [Ar] 3 As! (b) For magnetic quantum number (m), negative values are possible. For s- subshel,/ = 0, hence m: for p~ subshell, I= 1, hence m=-1, 0,+1 (o) A= 12,28 2p, 325 p 830, 42 ph 44, 5 Hence 23 electrons havea spin of one type and 24 of the opposite type. (8) Oxidation state of Nin HIN, is-13. 7. (aed) (a) x4 5. 244 (a-emission) ; ®, (9-emission), © Dé (positron - emission: @: 1 D4 (electron - capture) ‘Atomic number increases during B-emission ‘According to Hund's rule pairing of electrons starts ‘only when each of the orbital in a sub shell has one electron each of parallel spin, (a) and (4) are correct ground state electronic configurations of nitrogen atom in ground state. a Topic-wise Solved Papers - CHEMISTRY E, Subjective Problems Lette % ofisotope with At. wt, 10.01 =x + Yorisotope with At. wt 11.01 = (100-3) x%10.01+(100~x) x 11.01 100 10.014 (100~ x) x11.01 100 Hence % of isotope with At, wt, 10.01 ‘%ofisotope with At. wt 11.0 At. wt. of boror = 1081 ‘TIPS/Formulae : he pa Given Ey=—5.42 « 10-Perg, By=-2.41 <10-Perg 6.626% 10727 x3 x10"? 2.41 x10? ~(-5.42 x10") 19.87810-!7 5 Np 2 76604 10-Sem= 664A 4 TIPS/Formula () Energy ofnMorit=E,= Gi) Difference in energy= 217«10-" 2 = 0.5425 « 10" erg AB= B,—E,=2.17 «101 —0,5425 x 10-1 6275 «10 erg 6.621077 «3x10! 1.6275x1 ‘TIPS Formulae : To calculate the energy requiredtoremove electron from atom, n= 0 isto be taken, Energy of an electron in the nt orbit of hydrogen is given by = 12.20% 10em=1220A 21.7 «10-2 siroa( =) =217« 192 (1- arraane( =~ 5.42 10- ergs AE l xtra L 21.7 WP 7 Structure of Atom, ———________ Teed ae “ AE 1027 31019 Substituting the values, .= £62710 3210 AE 342x107 .67 x 10S em 5. Ground stateclectronic configuration of Si TT TTF 35 37.30, {sin accordance with Hund’s rule which states that electron pairing in any orbital (s,p, d orf) cannot take place until cach orbital ofthe same sub-level contains | electron each oflike spin 6 Forn=3 and /=2{(ie., 3d orbital), the values of varies 9 fiom-210+2, i -2,-1,0,+1,+2and foreach ‘mt thereare 2values of, ie. Hands *, Maximum no, of electrons in all the five d-obitalsis 10 -21.76 x10" 1. B,oft= = y 21.7610" eee zy E, of Het= =21.76 107? 4 a J Hence energy equivalent o£, must be supplied to remove the electron from 3" orbit of He". Wavelength corresponding to this energy can be determined by applying the relation, E, of He" Bega Be _ 662510 x3 x108 x9 x E 21,7610 x4 = 2055 « 10"! m= 2085 A (11) 10. 8 THPSiFormlae; A= Rie | 15-1} my My Here, R= 1.0967 «107m 626 x 10 J sec, c= 3 * 108 m/sec = 1,m=2and for Heatom, Z= 1 i 1 merenvesaseio%seio(!-2) ap 967662633 10-5 = 16.3512 10-5 _ 163512x10-9 Sonny eV = 1022 eV cst ria {! 1) Ga) 11) ep ‘an Given, A= 3 10%m. 108 x4 0g yy 91.0967 ~ © 353%1.0967 107 So it corresponds to He* which has | electron like hydrogen. For He* jon, we have opr eee OP oF a? Now for hydrogen atom Equating equations (and (i), we get Obviously, n,= I and n,=2 Hence, the transition = 2 to m= 1 in hydrogen atom will have the same wavelength as the transition, n= 4 ton=2in He™ species. TIPS/Formulae : Number of waves where » = Principal quantum number or number of orbit BI) _ 3x2 Number of waves = 28= a Bond energy ofl, =240 ki mot-!=240 x 108J mol“! 3 240105 molecule 6.023107 = 3.984 « 10-? Jmolecule 34 8, Energy absorbed = ME _ 6626x1035 3108 ms a 4500%107!°m = 4417 10-9 GP_3021 cs 2. 13. 4 Kinetic energy = Absorbed energy ~ Bond energy Kinetic energy=4.417 « 10-3984 «10-3 =433% 10 Kinetic energy ofeach atom of iodine 20 = 433410" = 2.165%1072 ‘The shortest wavelength transition in the Balmer series cortesponds to the transition 2yn, > n= o. Henee, By {-p—-k |= 00567%6n| a) = 27419.25 cnr! ‘Work done while bringing an electron infinitely slowly from infinity to proton of radius ay is given as follows é Ane 49 NOTE : This work done is equal tothe total energy of an electron in its ground state in the hydrogen atom. At this stage, the electron is not maving and do not possess any KE, sothis total energy is equal to the potential energy. a TE E+KE=P a “Fre. In order the electron to be captured by proton to form a ground state hydrogen atom it should also attain 2 ‘BxE9qy (itis given that magnitude of K.E. is half the magnitude of PE. Note that PE. is—ve and K.E is-+ve) é é inéqa — Sreody E+KE 2 Breoay -e 4 PE Bn & ay <9 % Determination of number of moles of hydrogen gus, Pr int RT 0.082298 PE.=2xTE=2x 0409 ‘The concerned reaction is Hp —> 2H ; A/1=436 kl mot Energy required to bring 0.0409 moles of hydrogen gas to atomic state= 436 * 0.0409 = 17.83 Calculation of total number of hydrogen atoms in 0.0409 mole of H, gas | mole of H, gas has 6,02 « 10 molecules a 18, 16. Topic-wise Solved Papers - CHEMISTRY (0.0409 mole of H, gus = £0220 09 mee Since | molecule of H, gas has 2 hydrogen atoms 6.02 * 10 x 0.0409 molecules of H, gas =2 6.02 « 103 x 0.0409 =4,92 x 10% atoms ofhydrogen Since energy required to excite an electron from the ground state to the next excited state is given by e-po tt) eo = 1.632 « 1077) ‘Therefore energy required to excite 4.92 « 10”? electrons. = 1.632 « 107! «4.92 « 10® kJ =8.03 « 10=80.3kI Therefore tal energy required =1783+ 803= 98.17 Formaximim ene, = andi = 1 afi a) Ee) Since constant and trnsion remains these 7 Date Bl san pee vone(! 3.6x3=10.2eV 4 in Ze Hence, Pe = 1x912= 22.8 um probability of finding electron within 2s sphere vy}, =0 (at node) (C: probability offinding an electron i zero at node) 1G zona) Pay) (Squaring the given value of 2.) «| 2] =, tay = 2 2a mu 0.15100 ‘or A= 6.627 x 10° m= 6.627 = 105A For hydrogen atom, Z= Zz 18 196 * Sms! =2.18% 106s de Broglie wavelength, y= th 6626010 mv 9110-1 2.18108 = 3.3410 m=3.3A For2p, Orbital angular momentum = h A ep = MD 5 NB Structure of Atom, ———________ (a. 0 @ «i iw F. Match the Following = (2) (B) =) (C)-(P)5 )-() Vy _ —Kze* ir ta 2 where K=— 2. ()-(€ Ky Kee*/2r * x Ane, 9-@ Ty (Eg): Gi)-) Angular momentum ofelectron in lowest (1s) orbital = REDE = SO Oe (ii) ~(@) dezl .iy-@ Agr: Bpans Cran Daa For 1-3 o>) © © G. Comprehension Based Questions “The spherically symmetric state S, of L** with one radial node is 2s. Upon absorbing light, the ion gets ‘excited to state S,, which also has one radial node. The energy of electron in, is same as that of H-atom in its around state 2 ZA where Bis the energy of H-atom in the E, 2 3 Fi ground stte = £ a for Li E,2 E2303 State S, of Li?* having one radial node is 3p. Orbital angular momentum quantum number ofp is oF ey Energy of state 5, 2.256, 2 © 2 ® H. Assertion & Reason Type Questions "Nuclides having both even number of protons and neutrons have maximum stability, So the reason is incorrect. But the assertion is correct as “°Cayy has ‘even umber of neutrons and protons as compared to 0A, 5, which has odd neutrons and protons Statement-1 is correct because as we go down a group, ‘energy gap between successive orbits decreases which ‘causes decrease in the energy gap betwen valence bband and conduction band. Statement-2is also correct because each band is a collection of closely spaced large number of atomic energy levels. But this is not true correct explanation ofstatement-1 3 e823 @ H No.of rotons (some number ‘Stable ms x ‘A look at the above curve shows that for stable nuclei itshows a curvature towards x-axis from the line of 45° slope (dotted line) as the atomic number (i.e. number of protons) increases, So statement I is true ‘The proton - proton repulsion would overcome the attractive force of proton and neutron, Thus statement 2 in True, Alsothis statement 2 is a correct explanation for statement 1, Therefore the correct answer is option (a) |. Integer Value Correct Type 4 Energy associated with incident photor 6.610 x3x108 5 30x10 66x10 3108 30010 x1.6%10 Photoelectric effect can take place only when Eigson ‘Thus, number of metals showing photoelectric effect will be 4 (ie. Li,Na, K and Mg) 9 Maximum number of electrons (n2) when =3=3?=9 Number of orbitals=9 be x eV =4.16eV Number ofelectrons with m, (Since, a mV JIMKE 1 > re Mt For two gases, Rute [MneTre dye \MueTite (sinceK ExT) (© |m,|=1 means m,can be +1 and-l. So, for n= 4, six orbitals are possible and each has 1 1 electron with s= ~. Sototal numberof electrons =6. 8) Ground state configuration fy 1s 2s in second excited state, electron will jump from 1s t02p, so degeneracy of second excited state of His 3 GP_3021 es24 a Topic-wise Solved Papers -CHEMISTRY I Section-8 L @ 2 © 2 © 4 @ Ss. fa) 6 fa) 7% @ & @) . & 10. (©) © 12. (a) 24 excited state willbe the 3 energy level. Ep ‘TIPS Formulae: h h .ap= 2; or Axmav= wanna a 6.6210 ay = 0 ct ms! 453.140.025x105 = 2110" ms Fe™(26-2=24)=1s'252p° 3s*3p4s? 3 hence no ‘fd electrons retained is 6 [Two 4s electron areremoved] ‘TIPS/Formula Fors-electron, ory + - N*, F-and Na* contain 10 electrons each, The lines falling in the visible region comprise Balmer series Hence thetic line fom red would bem, +, Orbital angular momentum = n,=SieS>2, Ch 66x10 9-335) mv 60x10 x10 ‘The possible quantum numbers for 4f electron are 1 n=4,€=3,m=—3,-2-1,0,1,2,3and s=+ Of various possiblities only option (a) is possible. Electronic configuration of Cr atom (z= 24) = 1s?,2s? 2p®,35?3p63d5 4s! when ¢= 1, p-subshell, ‘Numbers of electrons = 12 when (=2, d-subshell, ‘Numbers of electrons = 5 ‘TIPS/Formulae: ter x 1 x 2.=91.15%10-%m=9Inm cl 80%, 7 Cl each contains 18 electrons. ‘The energy of an orbital is given by (n +1) in (4) and (©). (n+) value is (3 +2)=5 hence they will have same ‘energy, since there n values are also same, 9K, a9Ca?* 4, 18, (Calculating number ofeecvons po} —se8s3e3—20 L cof — 56480342032 neteonc pein NOs —>7+8x3+1=32 $0} —>16+8x3+2=42] 2. co} —>32 not isoelectronic species Noy —>32 cn? 964741214] 3 Np —97x2=14 iso-electronic species CE 96 x242= Po} —s1s-+8%443=50 4 $0} 916444842 =50|iso-ectoni species clog 317 +84 +1250 Hence the species in option (b) are not isoelectronic. (©) Angular momentum ofan electron in nth orbital is given by, vr = “On Forn=5, wehave Sh Angular momentum of electron = 5 Givenm=9.1 « 103"8 b= 6,6 104s 300%.001 100 From Heisenberg's uncertainity principle 6.62104 453.14%0.003%9.110™ (aNE= 7+3= 106, O-—> 8+ F=9+1=10e, S-—> 16+ (not isoelectronic) Av 003ms-! =1.92«107?m (b) Li Mg" 8, (isoelectronic) (@) Ba**56~-2=54e, Sr™*38-2= 366" K°=9-1= 18e", Ca"*=20-2= 186" (not isoelectronic) Structure of Atom} ———__________ 1.0 18. @) 1% @ 20. (a) 2 & 2 @ 23. @ 1, €=0 means 3s-orbital andn+1=3 ) 21 means 3p-orbital n+1=4 o |, (= means 3d-orbital n+ 1=5 (@ n=4, (=0 means 4s-ocbital n+1=4 Increasing order of energy among these orbitals is 3s<3p

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