KIE3005: Numerical Analysis Root finding - IntroductionRoot finding : Introduction = What are the roots of an equation? — The root(s) of the equation y = f(x) are the values of x where f(x) = 0. = Root finding means determining those values of x = Some functions might have multiple roots = €.g. f(x) = (H1)(-2)(%-3) = Some functions might have “double” roots = eg. f(x) = (2Root finding : Introduction ; , Cc, « We saw previously there is an analytic solution to wa = dy = Boa oP) Cc = Design Problem — turn the problem around: — What if we wanted to know at what time a 60kg jumper reaches a particular speed (e.g. when does the jumper reach 40 m s)Root finding : Introduction "This isn’t so hard: — Write the solution as ¢=f(m,v) = V= tanh ( (ec./m) )s) 4 {Gorm ( Veen ( ef TeV [C. = We have inverted the solution ‘- reo ||| and solved for time (ft) 4Root finding : Introduction « Adifferent design Problem: — What if we wanted to know the mass a bungee jumper must have to attain a given velocity at a given time (e.g. 40 ms“ at 5 seconds) = Is this any harder? — Just write the solution as m = /(v,!) seo | (eC./m)) = How can we solve this for m?Root finding : Introduction The GENERIC solution to problems like this requires us to re-frame the problem. 7m BC, 1. Start with the original equation vs fe oni al | a 2. Subtract v(t) from both sides to give 3. Define a new function of mass (m), say f(m)Jom = Ban |) = Hence, the value of m that makes /(m) = 0 is the root of this equation « This value of m also represents the mass that solves the design problem « We have written the problem as finding the root of the equation S(m)=0 - How does this help? 7Root finding : Introduction How to obtain the root of the equation? Numerical methods for root finding Grapia Appreche Otan Rea ef Euston Analytical Method? — Too Complicated Graphical Method? — Not Precise 4 Trial and error? — + Continually guess until function value close to zero + Not effective or efficient or automatic Bes et fo Use a computer to automate the process * Develop systematic tools to solve for implicit variables reso aRoot finding : Introduction = ATaxonomy of root finding Graphical Method Analytical MethodEND