11

Precalculus
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Trigonometric Identities

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Pre-calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Trigonometric Identities
First Edition, 2020

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 Precalculus
MODULE 3:
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About 1

What I need to know 1
How to learn from this Module 2
Icons of this Module 2
What I Know (Pretest) 3
Lesson 1 – Trigonometric Identities
What I Need to Know 5
What’s In 5
What’s New 6
What Is It 6
What’s More 17
What I Have Learned 18
What I Can Do 18

Summary 20
Assessment (Post-test) 23
Key to Answers 25
References 27
 What This Module is About

The Module discusses about trigonometric identities through presenting

several examples from basic to difficult levels and at the same time an additional
exercise for students to work on. At the end of the lesson, a video link is attached for
students to watch, to further understand the concept.

We hope that you will find this Learning Module helpful and convenient to use.
We encourage you to carefully study this Module and solve the exercises yourselves
with the guidance of your teacher. Although great effort has been put into this
Module for technical correctness and precision, any mistake found and reported to
the Team is a gain for other students. Thank you for your cooperation.

Module Content

The lessons that we will tackle are the following:

✓ Lesson 1 – Trigonometric Identities

What I Need to Know

Once you are done with this module, you should be able to:
✓ (STEM_PC11T-IIe-1) determine whether an equation is an identity or a
conditional equation
✓ (STEM_PC11T-IIf-1) apply trigonometric identities to find other trigonometric
values
✓ (STEM_PC11T-IIg-2) solve situational problems involving trigonometric
identities

i
How to Learn from this Module

To complete the objectives of this module, you must DO THE FOLLOWING:

• Patiently read the text carefully and understand every sentence. Do not
proceed to the next part of the module without fully understanding the
previous text.
• Read the directions of each activity carefully. You will be guided as to the
steps in answering the exercises and activities of this module.
• Do not proceed to the next part without completing the previous activities.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New This is an introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you.

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have These are activities designed to process what

you have learned from the lesson
Learned

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and to
apply into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1
1. Simplify ( ) (tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 )
csc 𝑥

a. sin 𝑥 b. sec 𝑥 c. tan 𝑥 d. cos 𝑥

(sin 𝑦−cos 𝑦)2
2. To which of the following is equal?
cos 𝑦

a. sec 𝑦 b. sec 𝑦 − 2 sin 𝑦 c. sec 𝑦 − 2 tan 𝑦 d. −2 sin 𝑦

1 1
3. Simplify cot 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 + csc 𝑥) =
cot 𝑥 2cot 𝑥
a. c. sec 𝑥 +csc 𝑥
sec 𝑥 csc 𝑥

cot 𝑥 cot 𝑥 sec 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 csc 𝑥

b. sec 𝑥 +csc 𝑥
d. sec 𝑥 csc 𝑥

4. Which of the following is equivalent to sin(𝐴 + 30° + cos(𝐴 + 60°)

a. sin 𝐴 b. cos 𝐴 c.√3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + cos 𝐴 d. √3 cos 𝐴

5. Which of the following is equivalent to sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin( 𝛼 − 𝛽)?
a. sin 2𝛼 b.sin(𝛼 2 − 𝛽2 ) c. 2 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 d. 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽
cos 2𝑥
6. Which of the following is NOT equal to ?
cos 𝑥

a. cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 c. 2 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥

2 sin 𝑥
b. sec 𝑥 − d. sec 𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
cot 𝑥

4 3𝜋
7. If cos 𝑥 = and ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋, then tan 2𝑥 = ______.
5 2

24 7 24 7
a. − 25 b. − 24 c. − d. 25
7

1−cos 𝜃 √3
8. If = , then 𝜃 = ___.
sin 𝜃 3

a. 15° b. 30° c. 45° d. 60°

𝜃 𝜃
9. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + cot 2 =
2

1
a. cot 𝜃 b. −2 csc 𝜃 c. 2 cot 𝜃 d. 2 csc 𝜃
2

10. Which of the following is NOT equivalent to sin 40°?

a. √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 40° c. 2 sin 20° cos 20°

1+cos 80° 1−cos 80°

b. √ d. √
2 2

iii
 𝜋
11. If 2 sin 2𝑥 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 and 0 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ , then x= ___.
2

a. 0.25 b. 0.39 c. 0.49 d. 0.52

12. If 4 sin 𝑥 + 3 = 0 on 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋, then x= ___.

a. 5.43 b. 0.848 c. 3.990 or 5.435 d. 0.848 or 5.435

13. Solve the equation sin 15𝑥 + cos 15𝑥 = 0. What is the sum of the three

smallest positive solutions?

7𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 21𝜋
a. 20 b. 20 c. 3 d. 4

14. For all positive angles less than 360°, if csc(2𝑥 + 30°) = cos(3𝑦 − 15°), the

sum of x and y is

a. 5° b. 30° c. 95° d. 185°

15. Given that cos 35° = 𝛼, express sin 2015° in terms of 𝛼. Please see figure at
the right.

√1−𝛼 2
a. 1+𝛼 2

b. 1 − 𝛼 2
c. 1 + 𝛼 2

d. −√1 − 𝛼 2

iv
LESSON Fundamental
1 Trigonometric Identities

What I Need to Know

Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

➢ determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional equation;

and
➢ apply trigonometric identities to find other trigonometric values;
➢ solve situational problems involving trigonometric identities.

What’s In
In previous lessons, we have defined trigonometric functions using the unit
circle and also investigated the graphs of the six trigonometric functions. This lesson
builds on the understanding of the different trigonometric functions by discovery,
deriving, and working with trigonometric identities.

Let us recall the domain topic considering the following expressions:

1. 2𝑥 + 1

2. √𝑥 2 − 1

In the first expression, every real value of x when substituted to the

expression makes it defined in the set of real numbers, that is, the value of the
expression is real when x is real.

In the second expression, not every real value of x makes the expression

defined in ℝ. For example, when x=0, the expression becomes √−1, which is not a

real number.

√𝑥 2 − 1 ∈ ℝ ⇔ 𝑥 2 − 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ 𝑥 ≤ −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 1

1
 What’s New

Activity 1: Determine the equation as identity or conditional. Write your answer

at the right column.

1.) 𝑥 2 − 1 = 0
2.) (𝑥 + 7)2 = 𝑥 2 + 49
3.) 𝑥 2 − 1 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
4.) (𝑥 + 7)2 = 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 49
𝑥 2 −4
5.) = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑥−2
𝑥 2 −4
6.) =𝑥+2
𝑥−2

What is It

Let us take a look at the different examples presented following the order of
the topics.

A. IDENTITY AND CONDITIONAL EQUATIONS

An identity is an equation that is true for all valid replacements of the

variable.

Example:

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 (Pythagorean Theorem)

2. 𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 4𝑥 true for all x

𝑥
3. 𝑥 = 1 true for all x, x≠ 0

Conditional equation is a statement that is true on condition that the

variable is replaced with the correct value.

2
Example:

1. x + 5= 11 true if x=6

2. 3x = 15 true if x=5

3. 𝑥 2 = 4𝑥 true if x=0 and x=4

B. FUNDAMENTAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

A trigonometric identity is an identity that involves trigonometric

functions of one or more variables. The equation in reciprocal,
quotient, and Pythagorean identities which follow each solution is true
for all values of 𝜃 for which both sides are defined.

Recall the following definition of Trigonometric Functions:

𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑟 𝑟

1 1 1 1 1 𝑥
csc 𝜃 = =𝑦 sec 𝜃 = =𝑥 cot 𝜃 = =𝑦;𝑦≠0
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃

where y is the opposite side of 𝜃, x is the adjacent side of 𝜃 and r is the hypotenuse.

Reciprocal Identities

1 1 1
sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =
csc 𝜃 sec 𝜃 cot 𝜃

1 1 1
csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃

Quotient Identities
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

Pythagorean Identities

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = csc 𝜃

3
Even-Odd Identities

sin(−x) = − sin 𝑥 cos(−𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 tan(−𝑥 ) = − tan 𝑥

Simplify the following:
tan 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1.)
sin 𝜃

Solution:

sin 𝜃
tan 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃
= =1 by quotient identity
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2.)
cot 𝜃

Solution:

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = sin 𝜃 by quotient identity
cot 𝜃
sin 𝜃

3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃

Solution:

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 ) Apply factoring

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 by Pythagorean Theorem

1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 by reciprocal identity

=1
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
4. 1+𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃

Solution:
1+tan2 θ sec2 θ
1+cot2 θ
= csc2 θ by Pythagorean Theorem

1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 by reciprocal identities
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

= tan2 θ by quotient identity

The reciprocal, quotient, Pythagorean, and even-odd identities constitute what

we call the fundamental trigonometric identities.

4
 3
5. If sin 𝜃 = − 4 and cos 𝜃 > 0. Find cos 𝜃.

Solution: Using the identity 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 with cos>0, we have

cos 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

3 2
= √(1 − (− 4) )

√7
= 4

5
6. If sec 𝜃 = 2 and tan 𝜃 < 0, use the identities to find the values of the remaining

trigonometric functions of 𝜃.
Solution: Note that 𝜃 lies in QIV.

1 1 2
cos 𝜃 = = =
sec 𝜃 5 5
2

sin 𝜃 = −√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃

1
= − √1 −
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

1
= − √1 −
5 2
(2)

−√21
=
5
1 −5√21
csc 𝜃 = =−
sin 𝜃 21

−√21
sin 𝜃 5 = −√21
tan 𝜃 = =
cos 𝜃 2 2
5

1 1 2√21
cot 𝜃 = = =−
tan 𝜃 −√21 21
2

5
 C. SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES
In previous lesson, we introduced the concept of trigonometric identity and
presented the fundamental identities. In this lesson, we apply or evaluate the sum
and difference identities for cosine, sine, and tangent functions, establish the
cofunction identities.

Cosine Difference Identity Cosine Sum Identity

cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

.
Cofunction Identities

𝜋 𝜋
cos ( − 𝐵) = sin 𝐵 sin ( − 𝐵) = cos B
2 2

𝜋
tan ( − 𝐵) = cot 𝐵
2

Sine Difference Identity Sine Sum Identity

sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos B − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos B + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

Cofunction Identities

tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

tan 𝐴 − tan 𝐵
tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
1 + tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

Examples:

1. Find the exact values of each expression.

𝜋
a. cos 75° b. cos c. sin 105° d. cos 15° e. tan 75°
12

Solutions:

a. Notice that 75° = 45° + 30°. Since we know the exact value of sine and cosine at
45° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30°, we use the Addition Formula for Cosine to get

6
cos 75° = cos (45° + 30°)

= cos 45° cos 30° − sin 45° sin 30°

√2 √3 √2 1
= 2 ∗ 2 − 2 ∗2

√2∗√3−√2
= 4

√6−√2
= 4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
b. Since = 4 − 6 , the Subtraction Formula for Cosine to get
12

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( − )
12 4 6
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= cos 4 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 + sin 4 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6

√2 √3 √2 1 √2∗√3+√2
= ∗ + ∗2 =
2 2 2 4

√6+√2
= 4

c. Since 105° is the sum of 60° and 45° which are two of the special angles, we can
apply the sum identity for the sin 105°.

sin 105° = sin(60° + 45°)

= sin 60° cos 45° + cos 60° sin 45°
√3 √2 1 √2
= ( )( ) + ( )( )
2 2 2 2

√6 √2
= +
4 4

√6+√2
=
4

d. We can utilized the special angle 60° and 45° for cos 15°.

cos 15° = cos(60° − 45°)

= cos 60° cos 45° + sin 60° sin 45°

1 √2 √3 √2 √2 √6
= (2) ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ( 2 ) = +
4 4

√2+√6
= 4

7
e. We will represent 75° = 45 + 30° to evaluate tan 75°, since 45° and 30° are
special angles.

tan 75° = tan(45° + 30°)

tan 45°+tan 30°

= 1−tan 45° tan 30

3 3+√3
(1+√3 ) ( )
3
= = 3−√3
3
(1−(1)(√3 )) ( 3
)

3+√3 3+√3 3+√3 9+6√3+3

= = ∙ =
3−√3 3−√3 3+√3 9−3

= 2 + √3
tan 50°+tan 130°
2. Find the exact value of .
1−tan 50° tan 130°

Solution:

Let 𝛼 = 50° and 𝛽 = 130°.

tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽
Applying the formula tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 1−tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽, we get

tan 50° + tan 130°

= tan(50° + 130)
1 − tan 50° tan 130°
= tan 180°
=0
tan 50°+tan 130°
Thus, 1−tan 50° tan 130° = 0

3. Evaluate sin 110° cos 80° − cos 110° sin 80°.

Let 𝛼 = 110° and 𝛽 = 80°. Applying the formula sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽,
we get
sin 110° cos 80° − cos 110° sin 80° = sin(110° − 80°)

= sin 30°
1
=2

1
Thus, sin 110° cos 80° − cos 110° sin 80° = 2.

8
D. DOUBLE-ANGLE AND HALF-ANGLE IDENTITIES

Trigonometric identities simplify the computations of trigonometric

expressions. In this lesson, we continue on establishing more trigonometric
1
identities. In particular, we derive the formulas for 𝑓 (2𝜃 )and 𝑓(2 𝜃) where f is the

sine, cosine, or tangent function.

Recall the sum identities for sine and cosine.

Sine Sum Identity Cosine Sum Identity

sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos B + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

When A=B. these identities become

sin 2𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 = 2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 and

cos 2𝐴 = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴

The other double-identity for cosine has other forms. We use Pythagorean
identity 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1

When 𝐴 = 𝐵, we obtain
tan 𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 2 tan 𝐴
tan(𝐴 + 𝐴) = 1−tan 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴

9
Examples:
3 𝜋
1. Given sin 𝑡 = and < 𝑡 < 𝜋, find sin 2𝑡 and cos 2𝑡.
5 2

Solution: We first find c𝑜𝑠 𝑡 using the Pythagorean identity. Since t lies in QII, we
have

3 2 4
cos 𝑡 = −√1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 = −√1 − (5) = − 5.

sin 2𝑡 = 2 sin 𝑡 cos 𝑡 cos 2𝑡 = 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡

3 4 3 2
= 2 (5) (− 5) = 1 − 2 ( 5)

24 7
= − 25 = 25

10
2. If 𝑥 = tan 𝐴, express sin 2A, cos 2A, and tan 2A in terms of x.

Solutions:

a. Let us find first sin A and cos A in terms of x. Since sec 𝐴 = ± √1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴, then,

replacing tan A by x, and using the reciprocal relation,

1 𝑥
cos 𝐴 = ± . Also, sin 𝐴 = ± = tan 𝐴 cos 𝐴
√1+𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2

Therefore,
1 1 2𝑥
sin 2𝐴 = 2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 = 2(± )( )=
√1 + 𝑥 2 √1 + 𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2
1 𝑥2 1−𝑥 2
b. cos 2𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = 1+𝑥2 − 1+𝑥2 = 1+𝑥2

2 tan 𝐴 2𝑥
c. tan 2𝐴 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 1−𝑥2

𝜋 𝜋
3. Find the value of sin 12 and cos 12.

Solution:

𝐴 1−cos 𝐴
a. Use the half-angle identity for sine, that is, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 = √ , substituting the given:
2

𝜋 √3
𝜋 1 𝜋 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 1− 2−√3
sin 12 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 ∙ 6 = √ 6
=√ 2
=√
2 2 2

𝜋 √3
𝜋 1 𝜋 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 1+ 2+√3
b. cos 12 = 𝑐0𝑠 2 ∙ 6 = √ 2
6
=√ 2
2
=√ 2

E. SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITITES

1. A baseball player hit the ball at an angle 𝜃 to the horizontal with an initial veocity
of 𝑣0 feet per second. If air resistance is ignored, the horizontal distance 𝑑 travelled
1
by the ball, the range, is given by 𝑅 = 16 𝑣0 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 .

1
a. Show that 𝑅 = 32 𝑣0 2 sin 2𝜃.

b. Find the angle 𝜃 for which R is a maximum.

11
 Solutions:

a. Use the double angle formula to rewrite the given:

1 2 1 2 2sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 1 2
𝑅= 𝑣 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑣 = 𝑣 sin 2𝜃.
16 0 16 0 2 32 0
b. Since the largest value for sine function is 1, occuring when 𝜃 = 90°, then for
maximum R, we must have 2 𝜃 = 90°, or 𝜃 = 45°.

2. You are kicking a football from the ground level with an initial speed of 80 feet per
second. Can you make the ball travel 200 feet?

Solution:
1 2
𝑥 = 𝑣 sin 2𝜃
32
1
200 = (80)2 sin 2𝜃
32
1 = sin 2𝜃

90° = 2𝜃
45° = 𝜃

Therefore, you can make the football travel 200 feet if you kick it at an angle of 45°.

What’s More

Activity 2.1: Let Me try!

Let us find out if you really understand the discussed concept by answering these
exercises.
5
1. Given sin 𝛽 = in QII, and (6, -8) is on the terminal side of 𝛼, find the exact
13

value of sin(𝛼 + 𝛽).

5
2. Given sin 𝛽 = 13 in QII, find the exact value of the following:

a. sin(2𝛽) b. cos (2𝛽) c. tan (2𝛽)

3. Simplify the following expresssion:

𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+cot 𝜃 sin 𝜃

a. b. c.
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

12
4. Apply half-angle formula to find
5𝜋
a. cos 15° b. sin 15° c. cos 8

5. A ball is thrown following a projectile motion. It is known that the horizontal

𝑣0 2
distance (range) the ball can travel is given by 𝑅 = sin 2𝜃, where r is the range
𝑔

(in feet), 𝑣0 is the initial speed (in ft/s), 𝜃 is the angle of elevation the ball is
thrown, and g=32 ft/s2 is the acceleration due to gravity.
a. Express the new range in terms of the original range when an angle 𝜃
(0< 𝜃 < 45°) is doubled.
b. If a ball travels a horizontal distance of 20 ft when kicked at an angle

of 𝛼 with initial speed of 20√2 ft/s, find the horizontal distance it can
travel when you double 𝛼. Hint: use result of item (a).

What I Have Learned

Let me check your knowledge by filling the blanks with a correct

symbols/ letter or terms in order to complete the statement/s.

1. An equation is called an identity if it is valid for _____ values of the variable. The
equation 2𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 is an algebraic identity, and the equation 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 =
______ is a trigonometric identity.
2. For any x it is true that cos (-x) has the same value as cos x. We express this fact
as the identity _____.
3. If we know the values of the sine and cosine of A and B, we can find the value of
sin (A + B) by using the _____Formula for sine.
State the formula: sin (A + B)=____.
4. If we know the values of sin x and cos x, we can find the value of sin 2x by using
the _____ Formula for Sine. State the formula: sin 2x = _____.
𝑥
5. If we know the value of cos x and the quadrant in which lies, we can find the
2

𝑥
value of sin(2 ) by using the _____ Formula for Sine.

𝑥
State the formula: sin( 2) = _______

13
 What I Can Do

DISCOVERY∎ DISCUSSION∎ WRITING

1
1. Use the formula 𝑥 = 32 𝑣 2 sin 2𝜃 to explain why the projection angle that

maximizes the distance a projectile traves is 𝜃 = 45° when ℎ0 = 0. Please refer to

the problem and figure.

Online connect! For additional knowledge and information about the topics please
visit the links/url indicated below.

www.mcdougallittell.com

www.stewartmath.com

Double Angle Identities & Formulas: https;//m.youtube.com/watch?v=SE5SBTgrwH8

Half- Angle Identities-Formulas: https;//m.youtube.com/watch?v=bNoJC7R2c0l

14
Summary

An identity is an equation that is true for all valid replacements of the variable.
Conditional equation is a statement that is true on condition that the variable is
replaced with the correct value.

A trigonometric identity is an identity that involves trigonometric functions of one or

more variables. The equation in reciprocal, quotient, and Pythagorean identities
which follow each solution is true for all values of 𝜃 for which both sides are defined.

FUNDAMENTAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Reciprocal Identities Quotient Identities
1 1 sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =
csc 𝜃 sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃
1 1
cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
sec 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cot 𝜃 = sin 𝜃
1 1
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃
cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃

Pythagorean Identities
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = csc 𝜃
Even-Odd Identities

sin(−x) = − sin 𝑥 cos(−𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 tan(−𝑥 ) = − tan 𝑥

SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES

Cosine Difference Identity Cosine Sum Identity

cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

Tangent Sum and Difference Identities Sine Sum Identity

tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵 sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos B + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

tan 𝐴 − tan 𝐵 Sine Difference Identity

tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
1 + tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos B − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

Cofunction Identities
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos ( − 𝐵) = sin 𝐵 sin ( − 𝐵) = cos 𝐵 tan ( − 𝐵) = cot 𝐵
2 2 2

15
DOUBLE-ANGLE AND HALF-ANGLE IDENTITIES

16
 Assessment (Posttest)
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT an identity?

a) sin2 a+cos2 a = 1 c) 1 + cot2 a = csc2 a
b) sin a = tan a * cos a d) 1 - sec2 a = tan2 a

2. Which of the following is an identity?

a) sin (a) cos (a) = (1/2) sin(2 a) c) sin(-a) = sin a
b) sin a + cos a = 1 d) tan a = cos a / sin a
3. Which of the following is NOT an identity?
a) tan(2 t) = 2 tan (t) c) sin(-t) = - sin(t)
2 2
b) sin a = 1 - cos a d) sec(-t) = sec(t)
4. Which of the following is an identity?
a) sin2 u = 1 + cos2 u c) sin2 u = 1 - 1 / sec2 u
b) cot u = sin u * cos u d) cos(-u) = - cos u
csc 𝑥−1
5. Where defined, = _________.
sin 𝑥−1

a) sin x b. − sin 𝑥 c) csc 𝑥 d. − csc 𝑥

1
6. Simplify ( ) (tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 )
csc 𝑥

b. sin 𝑥 b. sec 𝑥 c. tan 𝑥 d. cos 𝑥

(sin 𝑦−cos 𝑦)2
7. To which of the following is equal?
cos 𝑦

b. sec 𝑦 b. sec 𝑦 − 2 sin 𝑦 c. sec 𝑦 − 2 tan 𝑦 d. −2 sin 𝑦

1 1
8. Simplify cot 𝑥 ( + csc 𝑥) =
sec 𝑥

cot 𝑥 2cot 𝑥
c. c.
sec 𝑥 csc 𝑥 sec 𝑥 +csc 𝑥

cot 𝑥 cot 𝑥 sec 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 csc 𝑥

d. sec 𝑥 +csc 𝑥
d. sec 𝑥 csc 𝑥

9. Which of the following is equivalent to sin(𝐴 + 30° + cos(𝐴 + 60°)

b. sin 𝐴 b. cos 𝐴 c.√3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + cos 𝐴 d. √3 cos 𝐴

10. Which of the following is equivalent to sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin( 𝛼 − 𝛽)?
b. sin 2𝛼 b.sin(𝛼 2 − 𝛽2 ) c. 2 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 d. 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽
cos 2𝑥
11. Which of the following is NOT equal to ?
cos 𝑥

c. cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 c. 2 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥

2 sin 𝑥
d. sec 𝑥 − d. sec 𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
cot 𝑥

17
 4 3𝜋
12. If cos 𝑥 = and ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋, then tan 2𝑥 = ______.
5 2

24 7 24 7
b. − 25 b. − 24 c. − d. 25
7

1−cos 𝜃 √3
13. If = , then 𝜃 = ___.
sin 𝜃 3

b. 15° b. 30° c. 45° d. 60°

𝜃 𝜃
14. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + cot 2 =
2

1
b. cot 𝜃 b. −2 csc 𝜃 c. 2 cot 𝜃 d. 2 csc 𝜃
2

15. Which of the following is NOT equivalent to sin 40°?

c. √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 40° c. 2 sin 20° cos 20°

1+cos 80° 1−cos 80°

d. √ d. √
2 2

18
 19
What I Have Learned
Posttest
1. all, 1
1. D 11. D 2. even-odd
2. A 12. D
3. Addition, sin (A + B)= sin A cos B + cos A sin B
3. A 13. D
4. C 14. D 4. Double-Angle, sin 2A=2sinA cos A
5. D 15. B
𝐴 1−cos 𝐴
6. B 5. Half-Angle, sin =±√
2 2
7. B
8. D What I Can Do
9. B
The teacher will credit points according to the
10. C
discussion.
What’s More
(Activity 2.1)
1201 119 120
1. 63/65 2. a. − 169
b.169 c. − 119
3. a. sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 b. csc 𝜃 c. 2 sin 𝜃
√2+√3 √2−√3 √2−√2
4. a. 2
b. 2
c. 4
2𝑅√𝑣0 4 −𝑔2 𝑅2
5. a. 𝑣0 2
b. 24
Pretest
LESSON 1
1. B 11. C
What’s In 2. B 12. C
(Activity 1.1) 3. D 13. C
1. Conditional 4. B 14. D
2. Conditional 5. C 15. D
3. Identity 6. D
4. Identity 7. D
5. Conditional 8. D
6. Identity 9. D
10. B
Key Answers
References

Canva. Accessed November 5, 2020. https:///www.canva.com/education

Camilon, M.G.,et.al. 2017. Precalculus for Senior High School. Quezon City:
Educational Resources Publication.

Carl Stitz, Ph.D. , Jeff Zeager, Ph.D.,

July 4, 2013 Lakeland Community College Lorain County Community College
Precalculus Corrected Edition

Dan's Pre-algebra Review

November 30, 2012

Fajardo, Ira A., Marquez, Romel L., Ringor, Rebecca S., and Gerardo, Elsa F., PhD.
Analytic Geometry (Worktext) 2003 edition

Khan, Sal. 2001. Intro to Conic Sections. Accessed July 8, 2020.

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/precalculus/x9e81a4f98389efdf:conics/x9
e81a4f98389efdf:conics-intro/v/introduction-to-conic-sections.

Precalculus Philippine Edition

2016 JO-ES Publishing House Inc

Sirug, W. S.,. 2016. Pre-Calculus forSenior High School STEM Specialized Subject.
Manila City: Mindshapers Corporation., Inc.

Stewart, J., et.al. 2010. Prcalculus -Mathematics for Calculus.

Tolentino, M.A.,et.al. 2016. Precalculus Learner's Material. Quezon City.

Vilanueva, T, et.al. 2017. Pre-calculus Analysis and Applications. Valenzuela City:

Tru-Copy Publishing House, Inc.

(n.d.). Retrieve September 28, 2020 , from https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SE5SBTgrwH8

(n.d.). Retrieve September 28, 2020, from https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bNoJC7R2c0l

(n.d.). Retrieve September 28, 2020, from www.mcdougallittell.com

(n.d.). Retrieve September 28, 2020, from www.stewartmath.com

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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