The main revolutionary influence in music during the 19th century was the

changed orchestra. There was a great increase in the number of string and percussion
instruments. Classical opera also went into changes such as in theme, type of
characters, and purpose. Those changes also led into improvements and eventually,
new music instruments were introduced. Newly introduced music instruments differ in
sizes, variations, and uses. Numerous non-traditional music composers also arise.
Nineteenth century was considered the golden age for ballet. French masters
established classical schools where Marius Petipa, a famous dancer-choreographer,
was known. Moreover, different genres of music for ballets were produced by popular
composers during the 19th century. In terms of architecture, they adapted architectural
techniques from Middle Ages and established various styles in sculpting. Arts during the
19th century depict different feelings from the artists. Paintings were more inspired by
landscapes and humans where common subjects include nature, love, death, nature,
etc.

Nationalism refers to art music composed with the goal of promoting nationalism
or creating sense of patriotism. During the 19 th century, music composers from Russia,
Spain, Finland, Norway, and Czech Republic developed musical nationalism through
their music compositions. Nationalist composers used music nationalism to promote the
music of each nation so that they can be easily identified. Music nationalism eventually
produced ethnomusicology which intends to study the collections and classifications of
each nation’s popular songs.

During the Romantic period, nationalism created an emphasis on national music

elements. Folk songs, folk dances, operas, and other forms of music adapted nationalist
subjects as theme and/or genre. Instead of continuing the legacy of classical traditional
music, composers tried to follow new music standards established by Italian, French
and German composers. Moreover, nationalism created more concepts inspired by
existing elements and situations then changed it. Nationalism, as well as music
continued to develop during the Romantic period and made the folk songs popular and
referred to as ‘music of a nation’.