1323, 527 Put Caimate change and heath
@ World Health
Organization
Climate change and health
30 October 2021
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Key facts
+ Climate change affects the social and environmental determinants of health ~ clean air, safe drinking
water, sufficient food and secure shelter.
* Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths
per year, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress.
* The direct damage costs to health (i.e. excluding costs in health-determining sectors such as
agriculture and water and sanitation), is estimated to be between USD 2-4 billion/year by 2030.
+ Areas with weak health infrastructure — mostly in developing countries — will be the least able to cope
without assistance to prepare and respond.
+ Reducing emi
result in improved health, particularly through reduced air pollution.
ions of greenhouse gases through better transport, food and energy-use choices can
Climate change - the biggest health threat
facing humanity
Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity, and health professionals
worldwide are already responding to the health harms caused by this unfolding crisis.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that to avert catastrophic
health impacts and prevent millions of climate change-related deaths, the world must limit
temperature rise to 1.5°C. Past emissions have already made a certain level of global temperature
rise and other changes to the climate inevitable. Global heating of even 1.5°C is not considered
safe, however; every additional tenth of a degree of warming will take a serious toll on people's lives
and health
While no one is safe from these risks, the people whose health is being harmed first and worst by
the climate crisis are the people who contribute least to its causes, and who are least able to protect
themselves and their families against it - people in low-income and disadvantaged countries and
communities.
The climate crisis threatens to undo the last fifty years of progress in development, global health,
and poverty reduction, and to further widen existing health inequalities between and within
populations. It severely jeopardizes the realization of universal health coverage (UHC) in various
ways — including by compounding the existing burden of disease and by exacerbating existing
barriers to accessing health services, often at the times when they are most needed. Over 930
million people - around 12% of the world's population - spend at least 10% of their household budget
to pay for health care. With the poorest people largely uninsured, health shocks and stresses
already currently push around 100 million people into poverty every year, with the impacts of climate
change worsening this trend.
Climate-sensitive health risks
Climate change is already impacting health in a myriad of ways, including by leading to death and
illness from increasingly frequent extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, storms and floods,
the disruption of food systems, increases in zoonoses and food-, water- and vector-borne diseases,
and mental health issues. Furthermore, climate change is undermining many of the social
determinants for good health, such as livelihoods, equality and access to health care and social
support structures. These climate-sensitive health risks are disproportionately felt by the most
vulnerable and disadvantaged, including women, children, ethnic minorities, poor communities,
migrants or displaced persons, older populations, and those with underlying health conditions.
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