HATOMY. mon WATE ALTH BcHENCES, Me AND epg) 2020 SEOSION course come ANA! roamae reves Gross NTI TSS re Seujernons awwer byron) a vey ton we poaesoe 0 H hecrion ni Mustita crates etn muscle an, Wanna nae cog SAP ane Ne anh ene rae pn rk rant me apr 908 Vtealvooion ron pe Ses ‘ianganal verve gor ring compart _ re are eu a Em tac conning we subantos Tes oc every year mere deere’ se plexus to form the tits ‘couateral igament Pleo known as Hunter's cara | Tas. Semtendinosus es ‘seep 10 yA wed by ve vrnore er “ renoeue ae pana she wove DME my To semimerbnspitna aman 2 exPeneo” medialis and (N® roc of whe adductor muscles A of biceps femoris: Ratti on te 4c! rox, Yrotong nes oicane ane fom me ater e_seror pratt cal ve vero? 13 tar tne cial boron Ine erlateral ot aneY with respect to the ligaments around the knee joint: the gtutous maximus, I _ fae The fio Haeierel ugement blends with SNe 1. Has an origin trom the yacrotuberous a youle anid 1S ‘attached to the lateral meniscus - Haaren gut at compete” Li38 eracu® ouatea!osment is eiaces 13, Forme the gluteal fold the lateral meniscus and joint capsule Ja, Has four bursa beneet” aT menisryain gaps in the joint apse 18, Has Mood supply eotely from the inferior S138, aterat igament is tight in exion 38, The ae or ruelee igament i tiacied © lutea nave from Tre Firat conde of the fT! 1 nc ons ove sonive ond not 1 biends posteriorly gual arn Pe ‘supplied by the interior Fi? ‘control of hip flexion Spr We tnein part ofthe mance 18 nse 1° ity “he ‘gluteal tuberos! 7 Trandolenburg tosis postive wnen Ie normal side is raised the sciatic nerve, It: a8 ormed by the ventral and dorsal divisions of ‘sacral ventral rami vis through the lesser Be from the pe! sciatic foramen . Lies deep to the posterior femoral cutaneous jer obturator internus, nerve cs 23. Passes down ov {quadratus, femoris and pirformis nial and common peroneal components separate behind the hip joint ed to the medial meniscus Regarding nerve supply of the lower fimb: Ssiperficiel peroneal nerve supplies Ne pecles inthe anterior compartment of the leo ©. The cruciate ligaments are supplied by the tibial nerve ‘The oblurator nerve supplies obturator internus muscle the sciatic nerve is the sole 742. The tibial part of icles in the hamstring ‘a japply to mus compartment 43, The femoral nerve gives a ‘ranch to pectineus Ihe ternora wiangle enters thetibia and interosseous 0 tendons receive a strong sl tendon offexor halucts longus mis have no flexor sheaths into the bases ofthe midale holanges ymphatic drainage of the lower limb 49. The superficial inguinal node grouy F Mac oT trl Pen of pron agra Group recelve moh trom the butod tT and back below the waist ae Pe rer pore norte ive igh fom tests, glans penis, eon _ stl noses ofthe superior tech alin supertcabmpnates tne (2158. "The superficial inguinal nodes erin mainiy © the intemal hac nodes The fascia lata is: “T54- Attached inferiorly tothe tibial condyles and head of the fibula Reinforced anteriorly by expansions from the quadriceps tendon ATES. Attached to Scarpa’ fascia above the inguinal figament + Continuous below the popliteal fossa into the deep fascia of the calf 8. Attached superiorly along the external lip of the iliac crest tract: | Lies lateral to tensor fascia latae =T60, Inserts onto the head of the fibula “Par. Is the origin of 60% of gluteus maximus Ai aiake Js.a weak flexor of the knee via tensor fascia attached superiorly to the iliac crest T Reger the femoral triangle: 2X 164. The laterl border of he'adcuctor longus ‘makes up its medial boundary AT 85- is bisected by the femoral nerve ‘The lateral border of sartorius muscle makes up its lateral boundary The. Fem The long saphenous vein joins the femoral vein within the triangle femoris makes up part of the floor ie the popliteal fossa: | nerve passes through The common peroneal the lateral part of the fossa 70. It contains no lymph nodes 71. Ithas a roof pierced by the tibial perve of sry lies supers J ‘Toe popliteal rey grout the £0582 OE toe wenbeeet re =P pi TS. a soak tery ie ne oe Meise eae _sapepra ace tae tine oma tcncTheton mere nie oe = 76 Passive extension of the knee does not result . in ‘locking’ of the joint Bidens -77. ‘The posterior cruciate lia backward displacement of ‘ibial plateau ‘The major role of the menisci is flexion/extension of the knee the fermur on the al Regarding the hip joint: ie antror foxes ofthe gluteus medius and Trims act as meal rotator of he hip joint 20, gies maximus i he most power 7 tera rotator ofthe hip ont 41. Gutous mesiue and minimus ae supplied By “fhe inferior glteal nerve (L5, $1, 52) _ Lex Tne wire ten nerve (U4 US. St merges rom the greater scale notch he hoferoraligament ints extension tthe hipjoint ee ‘About the Biceps femoris muscle: inserts partially into the tibial condyle ‘Attached proximally to the iium _{Z91, Shares its origin with semimembranosus “Sj -Has a commen onigin win sertncinosue from the ischial tuberosity xT 82, Has a short head attached tothe femur media to the attachment of adductor Magnus 4. ig entirely innervated by common peroneal nerve 95. Is 2 lateral rotator of the leg on the thi the legis fully extended at the knee joint igh when (iliofemoral ligament: 6. Limits hip flexion Limits hip extension aT AB Aamits hip adduction Limits hip internal rotation Abo!Fer etre ma Maintained by igamentum bifurcation AT 102. Maintainec Maintained by talocalcaneal nterosseous Originating trom lesser ee a err en Superior emeltus Fags. Obturatorh a terns (08, nero gemetus AST. Obturator externus About fractured neck of femurs: _J2="The ig is shortened and external rotated in ‘most fractured neck of femurs £ 109.The main source of blood to the femoral head is Via the vessels running within cancelious bone from the daprysis eX] MNO.A subcapita fracture cuts of al the blood to the head ofthe femur resulting in avascular necrosis Ji Te eed spay oe ead ree vessels in the capsular retinacula and itis this, which prevents avascular necrosis ofthe head dafter an interrochanteric fracture 777 The ligamentum teres attaches tothe central fovea on the femoral head and originates from the acetabulum Trondelonburg's testis negative if: CESS natn ators ae peace 9 potomyeltis) EAA. There is an old unreduced or congenital siocaton of he hip F7G5. There is an ununted fracture ofthe neck of femar 116. the patent waks with a dipping gat (acT'17, Gutous minimus and metus and tensor fascia Iatae are weakened severely ‘A completely stable and functional knee involves ‘Anterior cruciate ligament (9, Posterior cruciate ligament (20, Oblique ligament Patella “1 '22, Lateral collateral ligament About femoral hernias: F123. itis commoner in males than females 4. Itis never due to a congenital sac X25. The femeral cord acts a8 a ymphatc pathway from the lower limb to the external iliac nodes Je The neck of a femoral hernia can be Jistinguished from an inguinal hernia because itlies below and lateral to the pubic tubercle 427. The femoral cord normally contains a fat plug and cloquet's gland but can also accommodate distended femoral vein GOOD LUCKI!! ee.edem@abuad.edu.ng 1126. ‘The pudendal nerve emerges be oe Dinformis, turns around the back of the cncoepinous ligament and passes betwee? tho sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments £1128. The intemal pudendal atery can be Compressed againat the base of the ischiat tuberosity £450" ‘The sciatic nerve (L4, 5. S1) emerges fom Within the buttock: Jolow pirformis muscle more laterally than the inferior gluteal and pudendal nerves and ‘The cruciate anastomosis provides the main tource of blood forthe supply of the head of femur Injection is given to the upper medial quadrant to save the damage to sciatic nerve oe Tit ge with respect to t Io posterior compartment of the Pantars aries rom the lower pat of the & ae lateral supracondylar line and is absent in 10% “Spas. Tremedel fend asovocerin ret DP Thane lateral SFjas. Bees Supply is many om the femoral ary 35 Boos oer henove vein drains the media EF Tee erie dorel venous arch and medial trargn ofthe fook cps. Traore fs compareent te ti (a7 128, Rosca nerve ls ltra tothe ong head ot qe blceps (7G, The ong head of biceps is supplied by he common peroneal nerve Regarding the Achilles tendon: CP3s0- inserts into the middle third ofthe posterior surface of the calcaneus os itis invested in a synovial sheath 442._Itis formed from the soleus and gastrocnemius <7jAs. Aura os between the tendon and the Upper third ofthe calcaneus {CFi44. Abuse es between it and the deep fascia near its insertion The flexor compartment of the thigh contains: 5, Gluteus maximus ‘Adductor magnus Gracilis ‘Semimembranosus Rectus femoris ‘Adductor longus